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Which Current Sensor Is Right For Your Project?

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before I start off this video here is a

summary of current sensors and there are

different parameters for what I think is

important to be when considering what

type of contents you're going to use if

you came for this video for just a quick

overview here it is please pause the

video take a screenshot and you can find

out the different types of current

sensors they are in a brief and a brief

indication of how effective they are and

you can choose from there stick around

for the rest of the video to find out a

bit more into detail about three of them

I have spoken about I hope you enjoy the

rest of the video so here I am on a

website himaroni and it's a and here

I've got a Ina i n a169 analog DC

current Center breakout 60 volts 5A Max

this is something I've used a lot in my

own projects before that I've had to do

as a project for I had to test multiple

samples and I multiplexed them all into

the ADC of an Arduino to test the proof

of concept thing to see if we can

measure the resistance of these samples

with a voltage is applied to them and

whatnot and we use this to get the

accurating ohms saw do I know if it was

the right way there's probably so many

other better ways to do it but that's

the point besides the point of this

video taking a look at this this is

there are a few ways there are a few

ways to measure current and it can

either be indirect or directly in this

case this is a direct method because it

is literally passing through a shunt

resistor where you need to bulge the

wires and get thing in through it the

need to polish the wires and pass a

current through the shunt resistor here

if you do not know these shunt resistors

are current sense resistors otherwise

and they drop a voltage across it and it

usually picks it up through here and it

probably takes a reading out of it and

outputs it into your in the output as a

millivolt and then your ADC you can read

it so on so forth and you're thinking

okay so what I I could usually Implement

yes so could I implement this could I do

the exact same thing in in my project

yes you can you definitely can there's

no harm in that you definitely can do

that and we'll take a look at the data

sheet let's find out let's find out what

do you actually need here we are in the

data sheet i n a169 it's a high side

unipolar current shunt monitor why

voltage range tiny so salt 23 package

and use a variety of applications like I

said before I've used this a lot in the

past and it's brilliant absolutely

brilliant just to get something quick

and going easy easy to do so what are we

looking for when we come to this as I

said before these can be either indirect

or direct so first what type of method

do you want because then that's indirectly

indirectly

um might not be so invasive for your

purpose or something that's direct you

don't want you putting this in the

circuit or something take a look we're

going to be looking at a an indirect map

a few methods really throughout this

video so this is one method and you look

through it you're looking for the

operation you want to understand how

this device works so you can implement

it fairly straightforward the shunt goes

across here there's a load power supply

slide and externally to it through here

okay this will be the same one passes

through a shunt resistor and comes out

to your load gives you some values of

the voltage gain here of what you want

to expect and with the resistors it's

very easy very easy to set up and get

you going I would highly recommend you

read this part of the data sheet it

really really helps so I do highly

recommend it over here usually in these

days they always give some sort of

application and it's easy to get you

going see it's really that simple

nothing too complex about it again this

is one of the more popular ones so if

you just follows if you just followed

what it says you can easily implement

this and if you're really that lost

refer to these modules they they come

ready plug-in easy to use use that for

your proof of concept if that's what

you're doing or just copy the layout

design from this easy and these models

are not expensive the chip will be even

less from so expensive don't worry about

it so let's look at a different method

an indirect method for your project

let's take a look at this zmc t103c

current sensor module AC another popular

another quite popular current sense

module and this one I haven't been fond

of with the project that I am going into

but for your case if you're looking for

that Innovative so even the project I

plan to do is going for this week's off

purpose you can already see that we have

a donut shaped hole here and you can

really think oh I guess I'll Chuck the

wire through it yes that is exactly how

it does let's see how it works then

shall we so how is this actually working

I've got a brief dial diagram laid out

here and as you see the image is quite

self-explanatory so this would work by

first applying your wire through as for

reference through the the donut shape

conductor and by passing through this

wire it measures the change in the

magnetic field because it's an AC signal

and this would be act as your primary

coil now this is a current Transformer

so if you know how the basic operation

of transform work the same principles

apply your primary and secondary coil

and so this coil over here the secondary

one is essentially stepping it down from

your primary is it not smart and because

I said before the change of a magnetic

field we get a step down output because

of our secondary coil so we look at the

data sheet of this device and this is

actually just the the component itself

the current Transformer you may be

wondering well what is that electronic

component that was there I saw way more

components than that well if you look

over here you see the directions for use

we actually see we have a off amp over

here and it's because it is as you know

no problem is the amplifier signal and

the current Transformer you're getting a

very minuscule signal it may not even be

readable by our ADC that of our choice

this can be just plugged in straight

into a microcontroller like so in this

diagram I'll put on screen and this

op-amp over here is just applying that

to read both like Max 3v3 signal

essentially so that's all that's all it

is it is literally just this sensor and

an op amp it's how a lot of similar

things work with dating small signals

it's it's quite surprising actually when

you come around to it so let's take

example for it and completely off topic

but it's like for example EMG muscle I

don't know Electro muscle or something I

don't know I'm not too sure um so what

it is it sticks on your muscle and then

bike flexing or Contracting your muscle

it generates a small output voltage from

that signal and the signal is just

Amplified and that's how you get a

reading on to what is actually happening

so you see a lot of these similarity

it'll be like with the more technical

difficult stuff you've seen a lot more

but this is just the basic concept of

how it is so another popular method is

this hall effect sensor here which we're

looking at the data sheet it tells us

tells us exactly what it is gives us a

bit about these features description and

nicely a tip typical application circuit

which is always very useful and

typically comes with these data sheets

as per usual it is similar to any other

IC do not treat this as well as like

something special always comes in as

like always time and time again they

want to make it as easy as possible for

them for you to integrate their stuff so

you can come back and buy more let's

take a little bit of a look at it and

see what's there see what we can derive

from this and from this we are going to

take a look at how do we determine

something is fit for our needs so I

think the first thing is first is before

it's range and everything Supply voltage

is it worth can we use this in our

system so even just look at the typical

applications is 3.3 or 5 volts and

bypass where there's 0.1 microfarad

capacitor and this is pretty standard

amongst the embedded system designs or

whatnot you're usually working with them

these low voltage ranges oh that seems

to be good of course we can find this in

our specification also here we are in

the common operating characteristics

three to five point five typical five

volts but if you can use 3.3 really

Supply current it is quite a bit so

maybe keeping your mind but I don't

suppose you are constantly measuring

this maybe every so often if you're

doing some measurement unless you're

having some feedback loop I don't know

what you're doing but if you have a

battery powered device maybe it is to

worth keeping mind especially very

important like portable ones and such so

we've got that out the way what else are

we looking for let's look at its offset

to see if it's something that's really

critical to us so this output voltage

here we see it may drift over time as

much as 25 millivolts but I don't think

that is that much in our case so we're

going to keep looking we see different

types of things so I'm guessing this is

the model so we have different things

here 105 150. I'm guessing it's the

different models that they provide and

whatever model you choose how this but

maybe take this 151 over here electrical

offset voltage this is the drift is

referred to Ideal VL equals 2.5 volts

and we can see at certain parameters and

test conditions that we can get if

you're working between the 25 degree

ambient temperature 25 to 125 maybe we

get a 14 millivolt offset and my minus 4

to 25 we get a 24 millivolt offset so

that is keep in mind how accurate you

want your system to be if it's just a

basic refrigerant measurements I don't

think it really matters that much of

course this is all depend on your

project so things to keep in mind so for

that even we're wondering well the range

what what can we even range like what

what can we measure so looking at this

I'm assuming the primary sampled current

is what we can actually measure we see

zero to 100 minus 100 to 100 so 0 to 50

is quite a bit it seems like do 80 and

DC so this is quite quite big actually

we could probably use it with Mains and

now we are looking for its voltage which

I assume would be just as equal as as

much and fully capable so it's not

really clear with these if you specially

don't really know what you're looking

for but here we find in the isolation

characteristics that we can see the

working voltage for basic isolation and

Direction test strike so these are the

subsano tests that they go through and

we see we get a 700 vrms 990 VDC or V

Peak VPK even on a quick Google search

you may be able to find something if you

are not too certain and it's so it's not

that confusing so quick Google search

you see someone else has done it says

magnetic interface that automatically is

isolated rated for voltages up to 700 V RMS

RMS

so as you can see it's quite a bit that

it can really take and of course there

are other parameters that you may be

interested but I think these will be the

main one the supply voltage what its

current measurement and voltage

measurement to drift or it's offset if

you will see what else you might need

and anything else I think quick Google

or what have not but this is just to get

you started what measurement techniques

are available to you when you are

exploring this topic now before we end

off the video I'd like to show you a bit

of a summary sheet so I have a bit of a

summary table here for your reference

really if you ever wanted to see and in

this table I'll briefly go over a few so

here are five methods of measuring

current there are shunt hall effect

current transfer Rogowski forgive me I'm

probably pronouncing that wrong zero

Flex so if the connection type the

current accuracy range drift in

isolation now the isolation one is when

we saw the the vrms value and it's

isolated because inside that IC there

was actually a hall effect on this was

not actually passing through it's

instead sensing it so that is why and

you can tell the isolation you can see

for the current Transformers passing

through something it's not directly

connected and but for the Sean one you

saw we had to pass it through something

and that's why it's there's no isolation

in between so there's something else you

need to keep in mind but between

choosing something for your projects I

would keep these few parameters in mind

to see what you are measuring and I hope

this table comes in helpful so please

pause the video take them take some

notes if you really have to take a

screenshot and hopefully this helps you

in this part of what you think and what

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YouTube Transcript:
Which Current Sensor Is Right For Your Project?