YouTube Transcript:
إفريقيا من قارة اكتشفها العرب إلى كعكة قسمها الغرب.. وثائقي

Skip watching entire videos - get the full transcript, search for keywords, and copy with one click.

Video Transcript

[Music]

In the heart of the world, and the rest of the continents breathe from it.

Fires burn in it, and everyone fears it. Its

people starve, but their groans do not reach anyone. A continent that

brings together many contradictions. It is rich with a

poor people and large with

complex divisions. They told you about coups and conflicts from

Russia to France to America, but today we

came to tell you the story of the dark continent.

Africa. The

Portuguese were the first to begin the movement of

geographical discoveries and circumnavigating Africa,

which led to their discovery of the Cape of Good Hope route.

However, these explorers

only learned about the coastal areas of Africa and did

not extend to the interior regions. As for the Arabs, they

had the pioneering role in exploring the

northern and eastern parts of the

dark continent, and even settling in them and mingling with the

human groups living there. The

contributing factor in that was its commercial role, as

they established several cities and important commercial centers.

Most Arabs concentrated in the northern and eastern parts

of Africa, and their numbers increased after the

Islamic conquests in North Africa and

Andalusia. The settlement of Arabs was not

only in the coastal parts Like Portugal, they even penetrated

internally towards the desert regions that they have, with

extensive knowledge of them, given that they are the sons of the

Arabian Peninsula desert.

Arab geographers have made a clear contribution to discovering vast areas of the

continent and giving an accurate description of the countries they

reached, especially with regard to the number of inhabitants, their customs and their

customs and their

resources. Among the

most prominent of them are Ibn Fadlallah Al-

Omari, Ibn

Hawqal Al-Masoudi, Abu Ubaid Al-Bakri, Ibn Khaldun

Al-Issi Hab Allah Africa has riches and bounties in its

depths that no other continent has enjoyed. It

is the second largest continent in the world in terms of

area after Asia,

extending over about 30 million square kilometers and including

54 countries. Algeria stands out as the largest country on the

continent in terms of area, extending over about

1,380 thousand square kilometers, while

Nigeria tops the list of countries in terms of population, with its

inhabitants reaching about 217 million people.

There are seven countries on the continent that are distinguished by the fact that the population of

each of them does not exceed one million people.

Seychelles appears as the smallest country there in terms of area, and it is

A group of islands off the eastern coast of

Africa, extending over an area estimated at about

450 square kilometers. The

total population of the continent is estimated at about one and a

Africa is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the

Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the

northeast, while the Indian Ocean surrounds it to the

east and southeast, and the

Atlantic Ocean to the west. It occupies the southwestern part of

what is known as the Old World, which

consists of the Eurasian and African blocks. The

Red Sea separates it from Eurasia, which was attached

to it before the digging of the Suez Canal. The Mediterranean Sea separates it

from Europe. This

sea played a major role in the settlement of the northern part

of Africa and the interaction of Africans with the civilizations of the

Mediterranean. This sea was an

important means of communication between the peoples who settled on its

shores. In the western parts of the continent, the

Atlantic Ocean extends from the north to the south

to meet the waters of the Indian Ocean and its arms, which

overlook the eastern parts of the continent. Its maximum

extension from the north of the continent to its south is 8,000 km, and

its maximum width from west to east is

7,600 km. The vast area of the African continent,

the straightness of its coastlines, and the scarcity of its bays make

large areas of its lands far from

maritime influences. Africa is known for its scarcity of

islands and peninsulas and the straightness of its coastlines. There are no

inland seas in it, such as the Black Sea or the

Baltic Sea, for example. In Eurasia, the continent’s

area does not exceed 650,000 square kilometers, the most

important of which is the island of Madagascar, which is considered one of its largest

Africa is a vast and rich continent, as its

size is approximately 10 times the size of India and three

times the size of China. It is inhabited by about 18% of the

world’s population and constitutes a source of about 30% of its

mineral resources. Although the average per

capita share of the gross domestic product is

slightly more than $2,000, it remains the poorest

continent ever. Among the 640 countries

classified by the United Nations as least

developed, more than three-quarters of the continent’s population live

in countries Life

expectancy, income, and education are far below the

global average. Colonial rule has caused lasting damage to

Africa. European powers drew

temporary and arbitrary borders, ignoring ethnic, geographic, and historical ties.

Some countries, such as Gambia and Lesotho, arose

mostly or entirely within other countries.

Many others ended up

landlocked, becoming

dependent on their neighbors for access to the

sea, such as Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic,

Chad, Mali, and Niger. These countries are a far cry from the

great Mali Empire, which ruled from the 12th to the

16th centuries over a territory that

now covers nine African countries.

At independence, African countries agreed to freeze these

artificial borders to avoid conflict, but the

seeds of instability had already been sown.

Consider, for example, the continent's agricultural sector.

Colonial powers built

economies that served their own needs,

focusing on the export of resources—whether timber,

cotton, cocoa, tea, or coffee—

which explains the difficulties that

many African countries still face. Ensuring their food security,

Ghana, Kenya and Senegal still grow

crops for export on more than half of their

arable land, while importing food to

feed their people. The Ukrainian war

suddenly highlighted the fact that most

African countries are net importers of wheat, while

Russia and Ukraine are the largest suppliers of

wheat. Similarly, the infrastructure

that Africa inherited at independence was poorly

suited to an economy based on

resource extraction. Most of the roads and railways

built by colonial powers to transport

raw goods to ports were poisoned. This led to

weak connectivity between African countries. Transporting

goods from Nigeria to Kenya by

sea is easier than transporting them by road or

railway. Likewise, transporting goods from

West Africa to China is less expensive than transporting them

East Africa. African countries are divided into several

regions. The West African region includes

Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast,

Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,

Liberia, Mali, Mauritania,

Niger, Nigeria,

Nigeria, Senegal.

Senegal.

Sierra Leone Togo in addition to the British island of Saint Helena

Helena

Southern Africa region includes

Botswana Lesotho [music]

[music]

Namibia South Africa

Eswatini Central Africa region includes

includes Angola

Angola

Cameroon Central African Republic

Chad Congo

Democratic Republic of Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon Sao Tome and

Equatorial Guinea Gabon Sao Tome and

Principe East Africa region includes

Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea

Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Rwanda Seychelles Somalia Tanzania Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe in addition to two islands under

French rule, namely Mayotte

Reunion North Africa region

includes Egypt Libya Algeria

Algeria Morocco

Morocco Tunisia

Tunisia

Sudan South

Sudan in addition to several islands under

Spanish rule, namely the Canary Islands Ceuta Melilla, while

Madeira Island is under Portuguese rule [music]

[music]

Researchers believe that the African continent is one of the

first areas of the emergence and spread of the first human being,

and perhaps Lake Victoria and the Ethiopian

plateau are meant by this. It is noteworthy that the first

groups that settled there are The

Bushmen tribes that came to the continent from its

eastern parts, but the arrival of stronger groups

pushed them to live from Zlin in areas less

suitable for

human settlement. They live in the north of the Kalahari Desert

in the form of primitive groups that depend on hunting. Their most important

physical characteristics are short stature,

short limbs, dark skin tending to

yellow, and a prominent forehead. As for the

Htentut, they follow the Bushmen lineage, but they

differ from them in civilization. They are settled shepherds and

live in the areas extending from the edges of the

Kalahari Desert to the Cape Province.

Dutch colonialism exterminated a large number of them. Their

presence is currently limited to the area where the

Orange River meets the Raave Vaal. As for the pygmy group, they

live in the tropical forest and are one of the

groups that have preserved their

purity. They are characterized by short stature, which reaches

about 130 brown, large eyes,

black skin, and a prominent upper jaw. They practice

hunting, and in modern times they have had

commercial relations with Negroes, as they exchange They

have hunting products and agricultural products. As for the

Negroes, they are one of the largest known races on the

continent, as they constitute 70% of its population and are distributed

in the regions located to the south of the Sahara

Desert. The group includes the

pure Negroes and the Bantu Negroes. The first lives in an area that

includes the Congo Basin, northern Angola, Gabon, southern

Cameroon, and the West African coast. They have their

Mankere groups between the Negroes

and the Caucasian. This is evident from their

different physical characteristics and their lighter skin. The

Negroes live in the form of large groups and have a

high degree of tribal organization and stability. They are

more developed than the Bushmen, Hottentots, and

Pygmies. As for the Caucasians, they live in the north of the

Sahara and the Ethiopian plateau, up to the middle of the

African Rift Valley. They are part of the

Mediterranean lineage. The multiplicity of human groups on the

African continent had a clear reflection on the

difference in languages and dialects.

The number of spoken languages on the continent reached a thousand

languages and dialects, and in the Congo alone there are more than 500

languages. The reason is due to The isolation of

human groups. These groups, despite their small number,

each group speaks its own language.

These languages include the Negro languages spoken by the

Negro race in the west, south and center of the continent, and the Hamitic-Semitic

languages used by the

Berbers, Arabs and groups in the north of the continent,

in addition to the language of the central desert, which is a

bridge of communication between these two

linguistic worlds. There is also the Sudanese language

spoken by the true Negroes in the Upper

Nile, the Malayo-Polonese language used by the

Mongols, and the Kisan language, which is the language of the dwarves,

in addition to some commercial languages such as

west. In the fourth millennium BC, Egypt was

one of the most important African

and human civilizations in

ancient times. Egyptian civilization developed on the banks of the

Nile River and extended from Central Africa to the

shores of the Mediterranean. The

Nuba region in northern Sudan and southern Egypt was one of the most important

centers of this

civilization. There are many

historical documents proving the geographical efforts,

trade missions and military campaigns carried out by

Egypt. In many regions of Africa, as

for the places that are still confusing,

among them are Yam and Pund. Yam is the country that the

princes of Aswan were active in exploring and developing trade in it,

in it,

while the Egyptians were reaching the land of Punt

via the Red Sea, and therefore there were

different dates for determining the location of Punt. The Egyptians were

well aware of the regions of the Nile Basin and northeastern

Africa in the Ptolemaic and Roman eras.

Egypt also witnessed continuous exploration missions to the south with the

aim of reaching the sources of the Nile, the Mountains of the Moon, and the

gold regions. During the Arab eras in

Egypt, relations between Egypt and the

southern regions intensified until Sudan was Arabized at the beginning of the

rule of Muhammad Ali. During the reign of Ismail,

Egyptian exploration efforts continued to the south and led to the emergence of a

large state in the Nile Basin, but it

quickly shrank as a result of Egypt’s inability to compete with

European colonialism in Africa due to its

limited resources and also because of its influence by

last century, Africa went through waves of invasion by

dominant civilizations and states, starting with the Assyrians and

Phoenicians, reaching the Persians, Greeks, and

Romans. These civilizations

New civilizational products and technologies were brought to Africa and

new elements were introduced such as camels and horses. The

Arabs also moved to Africa in

early history through the Bab al-Mandab Strait in the

south of the

Arabian Peninsula. These Arab migrations were either

tribal or through slow peaceful trade.

Gradually, they settled in areas such as Ethiopia,

Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya and

Zanzibar. There are signs and accounts of countries and

civilizations that emerged in North Africa. The

Phoenicians played an important role in exploring the

African coasts about 500 years BC and had

important centers such as Carthage. The

Libyans and the Amazighs also established trading groups to control the

roads and communications between the coasts and the

interior regions of Africa. They were

familiar with the African desert, the

Great Lakes, and the regions of Niger and Senegal. They monopolized

knowledge about the roads, resources and

mines in those countries. When

the Romans occupied the African Mediterranean shores,

they faced resistance from the Tuareg, so

penetration into the African continent was

difficult. Judaism in the depths of

Africa as a result of the migration of Jews fleeing

Roman persecution, who were subjects of the

Sabaean state extending into Ethiopia and

neighboring regions. These Jews established

commercial and craft groups in the desert oases,

cities and trading centers in regions such as

Senegal and Mauritania.

Some of them merged over time with the

local population and abandoned their Jewish identity. In the

first century AD, Africa witnessed

Roman incursion campaigns, such as the campaign of the Roman commander

Septimius Flaccus and the campaign of the commander Julius

Martus. Despite these campaigns, the

Roman presence in Africa was limited and

temporary, as it was confined to the coasts of the region and the

oceans. Central and southern Africa were covered with

dense forests, which made them a natural reserve that

prevented Roman settlement and exploration.

However, the discovered artifacts indicate the

presence of states, cultural groups and settlements for

herding and hunting, where people extracted

minerals such as iron and copper and used them

to make various tools and machines. The

Sotho tribes also owned mines of gold and copper

in the current regions of central and southern Africa. On the

other hand, agricultural and commercial states and settlements arose

on the banks of rivers such as the Congo and the

Niger Rivers. With the entry of Arab Muslims into

North Africa from Egypt in

642 AD, the city of Kairouan was founded and

Islam spread throughout the continent, including a

wave of settlement by the Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym tribes.

With the development of science in the Arab-

Islamic civilization, Africa became the subject of studies of

geography, travel, maps and

navigation. In the tenth century AD,

political and tribal groups began to form with the aim of controlling

gold mines and trade routes. Among

these groups were the Sanhaja in Senegal and

Senegal River. European countries began to expand their

exploration and colonization of African lands on a

large scale in the middle of the last century and practiced all

kinds of oppression against the population. Forced displacement operations began for

Africans able to

work, as the slave trade and selling them to

work in the construction of the New World became popular. Therefore,

most Africans living in

America at the present time return to the groups

that They were forcibly displaced to work on the farms there, and

Europe used various methods to continue its

control over the dark continent by encouraging the

settlement of colonists, confiscating the best lands,

investing the natural resources that the

continent contains within it for the benefit of the

colonial economy, and expanding the establishment of

organized farms dedicated to producing the primary resources

needed by industrial countries. In June

1885, the German leader Bismarck led a call

to hold an international conference in Berlin, where 13

European countries met, in addition to the

United States of America and the Ottoman Empire

as observers. This conference can be likened to a meeting of

mafia leaders to distribute the spoils, as

these countries met to divide the African cake

by agreement, fearing a repetition of the tragedy of the

previous European competition that turned into bloody wars

in America and the Indian subcontinent. Thus,

Britain, France, Italy,

Portugal, Belgium, Germany, and

Spain participated in dividing Africa, and European scouts began

heading to Africa in larger numbers, and the

process of exploring Africa became more organized

after the participation of the major European countries. With

its strength in the struggle for African lands

after the Berlin Conference, that conference which was held as a

result of the greed and avarice of the

European empires, the deliberations of the Berlin Conference lasted

100 days, and this long period was a

result of the size of the huge spoils

available. For this reason, the Berlin Conference is considered

one of the longest and strangest conferences in history,

in which European leaders openly negotiated to

own an entire continent that is almost three times larger than their continent

without taking into account the

indigenous people who live on these lands,

completely as if these people were nothing but

creatures that contribute to increasing the profits of

white European capitalists. The indigenous people were

part of the spoils and were necessary to complete

the division. They were used as forced labor to drain

their country’s resources for the benefit of these

European capitalists who benefited from them in

cruel and brutal ways, such as selling, killing, or enslaving them. The

European colonial empires

invade European countries, namely Britain, France, Italy, Germany,

Portugal, Spain, and

Belgium. Controlling

93% of Africa, there was nothing left in all of

Africa except Ethiopia as an independent state. The

European colonial powers resorted to a number of

pretexts to justify their invasion of

African regions, plundering their wealth, enslaving the

local population, and even exterminating them. In some

cases, false justifications were used, such as combating the

slave trade, developing the African continent, spreading

civilization, preserving primitive races, and

Christianizing the local population to justify this approach,

Africans due to commercial movements.

Portugal reached India by circumnavigating

Africa. This commercial endeavor made it the oldest

European country that interacted directly with the

African continent. Since Portugal initially seized the

shipping route to India, it established

military bases and stations in a number of areas

on the eastern and western coasts of Africa. Among

these bases were Guinea, the Biafra Islands, the

Congo River estuary, the coast of Angola in the

west, and the coast of Mozambique in the east. In the

16th century, Portugal became the

sole dominant power in The trade with India and Africa

as a whole, and with the passage of the sixth and eighth centuries,

Portuguese influence began to gradually decline in

East Africa. This was due to the growth of Arab influence and the

colonial trade conflict between

European countries and Portugal, especially with Britain and the

Netherlands. This decline led to

Portugal continuing to control limited areas of the

1951, Portugal issued a law describing its

African colonies as

Portuguese overseas territories. Among these

colonies, Angola and Mozambique were the

most important. Portugal's plan sought to

link these two colonies geographically by

controlling the areas between them.

However, the interference of British influence and the success of Cecil

Rhodes in annexing Rhodesia affected the continuation of these

colonies as

separate entities. Since

1961, the three main Portuguese colonies:

Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea, witnessed

strong nationalist revolutions, and Portugal used harsh means

by its land and air forces in an attempt to

control these movements. However,

these independence movements succeeded, receiving

African continent.

Spain's interest in Africa was less than

Portugal's, and this was due to the

different geographical and historical orientations of

the two countries. While Portugal sought to

reach India via Africa,

Spain's attempts were directed towards India by crossing the

Atlantic Ocean. Despite this, Spain conducted some

explorations and settlements in

specific areas of Africa. A Spanish explorer discovered the islands of the

Bight of Biafra, which led to the penetration of

Spanish influence into these islands in the middle of the

19th century. In

1778, Spain exchanged parts of its possessions

in South America with Portugal for an area in the

Gulf of Ghana. This part became known as Brioni since

1843. These areas also included the islands of Fernand

Dobo and Nuba, and became known as

Spanish Ghana. On the northwest coast of

Africa, Spain had a large desert colony

extending from Cape Blanco to Cape Jubi,

known as Rio Douro or the Spanish Sahara.

In addition, Spain owned part of the

Rif region. Adjacent to Gibraltar,

this part gained independence and was incorporated into the state of Morocco in

1956. In general, Spain's colonies in

Africa shrank over time due to changes in

political and historical situations and

international pressures. By the end of the last century,

France had almost undisputed control

over the western region of

Africa. At this time, Britain owned a

large part of southern and eastern Africa, and its

control extended to the northeastern corner of the continent.

Therefore, Britain and France divided most of

Africa between them, with limited areas remaining for Portuguese

Portuguese

and Spanish colonialism, and limited areas for

German, Italian and Belgian colonialism.

Despite the division between Paris and London,

each of them followed a different approach to

managing the colonies. The

English colonies became political units

separate from each other and were not governed by a

central government as

France did. The British began to expand their empire in

Africa in the nineteenth century. They were helped by their

strong commercial and military fleet,

along with the liberal system and the principle of free trade.

Britain also followed a policy of isolation from problems.

Direct European After the collapse of French colonialism in

America, France began in the 19th century to build a

new empire, most of it in Africa. The

southern Mediterranean coast from Marrakesh to

Egypt was officially part of the Ottoman Empire and was not the

focus of much interest from the European countries until the early

early

19th century. No European country claimed a place for

its influence in this region, despite

Napoleon’s campaign in Egypt and the conflict between France and England

in this region in the late

18th century. Neither country sought sovereignty over the

northeastern corner of the continent.

Instead, Egypt was left as part of the

Ottoman Empire, at least

officially. In

1830, the French fleet fought several battles with the

Barbary pirates who had taken refuge on the coast of

Algeria, which led to the French occupation of Algeria,

which had been under Turkish rule since

1519. As a result of the French occupation, a war broke out

under the leadership of Emir Abdelkader, who resisted the

187. After the fall of Abdelkader, matters settled in

1848, Paris declared in Its constitution states that Algeria is an

integral part of France. Since then,

Algeria has become one of the most important French colonies

in Africa. During the 1830s and early 1840s,

1840s,

France began trying to expand its influence in Egypt by

supporting Muhammad Ali Pasha. However, it failed to

help him when he was defeated by the world powers led by

led by

Britain. Since then, France stopped

paying attention to this region, which became a

British target. The matter ended with the

British occupation of Egypt in

1882. The Suez Canal and its new importance played a

major role in the conflict between France and

England. This development shows that

European countries had not yet been interested in Africa until the middle of the nineteenth century.

Its interests were focused only on its

northern shores, specifically after the establishment of the new India route via

via

Suez. In the 11th century, France established a base

at the mouth of the Senegal River and founded the city of Saint-Louis.

The city developed until the French governor,

Louis Vedre Baye, took over the rule of West Africa, where he

expanded the city between 1854

and 1854. The Senegal estuary area was the beginning of

French expansion inland, east and south,

across the Senegal River. French expansion towards the

south stopped when Britain occupied the mouth of the

Gambia River and when they faced the presence of Portugal in

Guinea. Therefore, French Guinea, which is

now known as the Republic of Guinea, was not the result of

French expansion from the north, but rather the result of access from the

sea. In

1842, France landed its forces on the Ivory Coast, and in

1845 it came to possess a site on the coast of Gabon.

Although France established a base in

Fort Ouidah on the coast of Dahomey in

1671, the French occupation of the region did not

1892 after France's defeat of the Kingdom of

1878

and 1880 enabled Congo de Brazza to expand

France's influence in Gabon towards the interior until it reached the

Congo River and occupied what is now known

as the Republic of Congo-Brazzaville. France also expanded

across the Congo River and the Abani River to the

1889. The colonization of Niger was delayed until

1911, as French influence was expanded in

Niger across the Senegal River and the lower Niger River

in the nineteenth century. France's interest shifted

to Tunisia, which had been independent

1881, France declared its protectorate over Tunisia, which

led to the outbreak of a civil revolution in Tunisia and

its spread to

Algeria. France was unable to quell this

revolution except by using

large forces. France's occupation of Tunisian territory

negatively affected its relations with Italy, which

aspired to control Tunisia. However, these

relations improved after the signing of a secret treaty between the two

countries in

1905, where Defining the areas of

mutual influence, where Tunisia was left to France and

focusing on different [music] goals,

France was able to establish a

large empire in Africa as

follows: North African colonies

Algeria On July 5, 1800,

Dey Hussein handed over the rule of Algiers to the

French forces, beginning the French occupation of the country,

which lasted for

1962, after resistance that extended from the era of Emir

Abdelkader Al-Jazairi to the Liberation Front, which

launched a war of independence that lasted from 195 to

1962

Tunisia entered Tunisia under the guise of the French colonizer in

1881 after the protectorate treaty, according to which actual

power became in the hands of Paris and removed

Muhammad al-Sadiq Bey, and his position became Syrian only and

faced the unjust decisions taken against the

Tunisian people, and Tunisia gained independence in

1956 after a colonization that lasted 75 years

Mauritania French colonization of Mauritania began in

1902 and was met with strong resistance on the

cultural levels And the military before France decided to grant

Mauritania its independence on November 8,

1960 after 58 years of colonization of

colonization of

Morocco in March

1912, the French protectorate was imposed on Morocco

after the signing of the French protectorate treaty by

Sultan Abdelhafid and the period of protection extended

1956 after a colonization that lasted 44 years Central

Central

African colonies Ivory Coast in

1843 Ivory Coast became under

1893 and became an independent state on August 7,

1960 after

117 years of French colonization

Benin is an African country formerly known as

Dahomey and is one of the small republics in West

Africa that faced a colonial campaign in the

second half of the ninth century that ended with it falling under

1894 and gained independence in

1960 after a bloody occupation of 66 years

Mali signed Mali Under French colonial rule in

1830, and on March

1960, France agreed to grant it

full independence and it became an independent state in June

June

1960, i.e. after 67 years of French control. Burkina Faso was

subjected to French colonialism after signing a treaty

1896 and was included in the colonies of Upper Senegal. Then in

1916, it became a separate French colony called

Upper Volta and gained its independence in

1960 after 64 years of colonialism.

Guinea The colonial period began in Guinea with the

French military penetration of the region in the middle of the 19th

1898, then the Fourth French Republic collapsed in

1958 due to political instability and its failure

to deal with its colonies. On

October 2, 1900,

58, Guinea declared itself an independent republic.

Togo entered under French colonialism since

1916 and gained its independence in

1960 after 44 years of French control

1895, Senegal officially became a French colony

and gained its independence in

1960 after 65 years of French colonization and division

Niger Niger was a French colonial possession

since 1900 and with the collapse of the

Fourth Republic in France Niger became fully independent

on November 8,

1960 French colonies in

Equatorial Africa The Central African Republic was

colonized by France and Germany

and this colonial era extended from the late

1800s until

1960 when the Central African Republic became an

independent country after 160 years of

colonization Congo The French colony was established

in Congo in

1880 and then the country gained self-rule on

1958 and gained independence from France in August

1960

Gabon France occupied Gabon in 1885 and

1885 and

then gained independence The country in the year

1960 August after 5 years of

colonization Chad Chad was part of the

French colonial empire since

1960

Cameroon The period of French colonialism in Cameroon began

1918 and gained independence on January 1,

1960, i.e. after 42 years of

French control French colonies in South Africa

Africa

Comoros French colonial rule began in the

Comoros in

200841 and then gained its independence in

1975 after

134 years of occupation

[music] 1960

On August 5,

1907, French warships bombarded the streets of

Casablanca, which led to the martyrdom of

6,000 Moroccans out of a population of 30,000

Then, all the city's neighborhoods were destroyed except for the

European neighborhood, which remained safe and sound because it

housed the European embassies and consulates in Morocco.

Morocco.

1945, Algeria witnessed an unprecedented bloody massacre,

as the French army destroyed 44 Algerian villages within

two weeks. The death toll was 45,000 Algerian martyrs,

while some statistics state that the number reached

70,000 martyrs, in addition to the arrest of more than

5,000 Algerians. The arrests continued for

months after the massacre, and the

French colonial courts issued thousands of

death sentences in October of the same year. With the arrival of

1947, a popular uprising broke out on the island of

Madagascar as a result of the French persecution that had continued

since the end of the 19th century there. The

French handling of that uprising was incredibly bloody,

as the French executed hundreds of residents,

tortured tens of thousands, set fire to villages, and

targeted demonstrators with live ammunition. The

forces also assassinated The French leaders of the uprising and

threw a number of them from planes to terrorize the

independence seekers and destroy their morale.

On the night of January 9,

1952, following the outbreak of the

armed Tunisian national resistance, the French occupation army committed the

1958, France committed the Sakiet Sidi Youssef massacre,

as the Tunisian-Algerian border was an

outlet for the Algerian revolution that had exhausted the

French. In order to stifle it and strike its sources of

funding, France

bombed the Tunisian Sidi Youssef region on February 8, 1988. The

attack resulted in the martyrdom of about

68 people, including 12 children and nine women, in addition to 87

wounded Tunisians and

Algerians. Among the crimes of the

French colonizer against Algeria is what happened on February 12,

1960. The populated Algerian city of Rejane witnessed the

first French nuclear explosion in the region

when France launched its first bomb there, which was

called the Blue Jerboa, a highly

polluting bomb whose power was four times greater than that of the French. The

Hiroshima bomb and the negative effects of

these experiments continue among

successive generations of the inhabitants of the

Rejan region. As for the Kabkab massacre in Chad, the French military leaders invited

approximately 400 Muslim scholars and local leaders

from different parts of Chad in November 1917 to discuss compromise solutions

related to the administration of the country. Without prior warning, the

attendees were attacked by a group of armed men with

firearms and machetes, who killed all the

invitees. The body was then placed in a large hole

in the Um Kamil region. As a result of this massacre, the

French took control of Chad after the

French forces removed all military or

cultural resistance. Thus, the African countries bore the brunt of the crimes of the

colonial countries, especially France.

Africa was considered the main supplier of both

military and food resources to those colonial countries

that ate Africa’s wealth and manufactured their equipment

from its resources. Instead of rewarding them, it

destroyed them and tortured their people. This was practiced in an

imposed manner, which led to the emergence of a will that did not believe in

partial reform. Rather, by creating a revolution for

national liberation, and on this basis, the

oppressed countries created alliances as an embodiment of this

popular will that aspires to freedom. The

colonizer, from his position, tried to practice the principle of

force and coercion at times, and leniency, promises, and

social reforms at other times, in addition

to preventing the establishment of national political parties and

human rights organizations. In the

economic field, he sought to create the foundations of liberal development to

make these countries subservient to colonialism.

However, all this did not postpone the idea of giving up the demand for

independence, which led to engaging in a number of

political amendments and reforms that

can be summarized in introducing the method or system of

elections as a procedural stage to reach

democracy, with the embodiment of unions that defend the rights of

workers, in addition to rejecting division and terrorism.

After the African countries overcame

colonialism and gained political independence and regained

regained

national sovereignty, they immersed themselves in the experience of struggle for

self-realization and popular demands represented in health,

health, education,

[music],

Click on any text or timestamp to jump to that moment in the video

Most transcripts ready in under 5 seconds

One-Click Copy125+ LanguagesSearch ContentJump to Timestamps

Paste YouTube URL

Enter any YouTube video link to get the full transcript

Most transcripts ready in under 5 seconds

Get Our Chrome Extension

Get transcripts instantly without leaving YouTube. Install our Chrome extension for one-click access to any video's transcript directly on the watch page.

Add to Chrome — Free

Works with YouTube, Coursera, Udemy and more educational platforms

Get Instant Transcripts: Just Edit the Domain in Your Address Bar!

YouTube

←

→

↻

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc

YoutubeToText

←

→

↻

https://youtubetotext.net/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc

YouTube TranscriptPreparing your results…

YouTube Transcript:إفريقيا من قارة اكتشفها العرب إلى كعكة قسمها الغرب.. وثائقي

Video Transcript

Paste YouTube URL

Transcript Extraction Form

Get Our Chrome Extension

Get Instant Transcripts: Just Edit the Domain in Your Address Bar!

YouTube Transcript:
إفريقيا من قارة اكتشفها العرب إلى كعكة قسمها الغرب.. وثائقي