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NSW HSC Software Engineering Topic 1.1 History of the Web | Nicholas Dingle | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: NSW HSC Software Engineering Topic 1.1 History of the Web
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so can anyone tell me where the web came
from does anyone know any of the history
when it comes to the internet
internet
does not the Cold War but you're very very
close actually it might be the Cold War
I might be getting this wrong but does
anyone else know any of the history of
the internet where did it come from how
it get so big what the hell's going on I
am right you are right I I
misspoke but guys and girls
funny enough like a lot of things it was
a US invention okay there was there you
go is in the cold war effort to try and
improve communication across the
battlefield or even across country
essentially so the department Department
of Defense and America got this agency
together and they call the advanced
research projects agency Network ARA me
for short and essentially they invented
a technology to connect devices together
so they could start communicating with
each other okay and then you would add
on another one and another one and
another one and what they ended up doing
was licensing it for defense and
academic organizations in about the
1980s Kaboom it exploded hundreds of
families and houses and businesses
started joining the internet and sharing
information and it just blossomed from
there can anyone take a step at how many
devices are on the internet
today too many is a really good answer
okay so there's approximately 17 billion
devices apparently that's iot but let's
scroll down is there anything else more
I what are you going on about iot
for okay this is not
helping how many devices connected yeah
let's just go with that 14 billion ever
like that's a hell of a lot isn't it
that is a lot of devices connected to
the internet now the one thing I want to
quickly paint for you is the internet a
lot of people sort of picture if you
were to draw a diagram of the internet
they'd probably think of it as a star
there's like this big thing in the
middle and everyone's connecting to that
big thing and that's where we get our
web pages and our multiplayer games and
all that kind of stuff it actually isn't
that at all it's like the most
disgusting spider web you've ever seen
in your life and this next little
diagram is a great representation of
that this is a representation of major
web servers around the internet that was
mapped out a couple of years ago okay so
the bright stars are the big connected
networks they' be like Googles and
microsofts and apples and things like
that and the dimmer stars are either
smaller servers or just devices
connected to the internet okay this is
what the internet looks
like why why is it a hodg podge and a
mesh and stuff that goes everywhere bro
come in everything's connected to
everything everything is connected to
everything why else why would we want to
hodg Podge Because the Internet isn't
one thing it's the all the devices that
make it up that is absolutely 100% on
the money anything
else different servers around the world
too just for local reasons like there
wouldn't be all of the servers in
America they have to connect to
different Dives in different countries
like here or in like Russia or other
different that's actually a really good
point too um you guys are obviously way
too young for this but I still remember
when Google and Microsoft apps were not
allowed to be used in schools so online
apps so we're talking back when we had
to use Microsoft Word on the computer
and you couldn't save to the cloud you
had to save on a USB thumb drive or
something like that and the only reason
we didn't have Google Apps was because
there was no Australian
server and it was only until they made
an Australian server that we could have
the Google apps here in schools in
Australia it was a bit of a licensing
and privacy issue but I'm going to
rewind just for a quick second so when
the cold war effort was going on and the
Department of Defense decided they
wanted to build this network they had
one goal in mind
mind
redundancy so if I quickly draw you a
diagram if I can let's jump over to our
friend the white which is not
open Okay so let's imagine Lan wants to
connect over here with bro okay so
here's Mr Lin and all the way over here
is Mr Brody all right if you imagine one
of these guys is the front of the
battlefield and one the other guys is
the commander okay let's say Lan is
telling Brody how to fight the war and
they need to communicate the simplest
way to get these two to communicate is
you get a piece of copper wire and you
go squeaky squeaky squeaky squeak you
connect them together don't you and now
they can talk on the phone they can send
messages they can do more code all that
kind of stuff sound pretty good cool they're
they're
connected however Taran the devant Taran
off on the
side he doesn't want them to communicate
there's a couple of things Taran could
do what's something you could do Mr T
take a my trusty pair of
scissors cut the line they're gone and
it would take these guys longer to
figure out what has happened than for
Taran to just snip another bit of the
wire he could just go snip snip snip you
can imagine that line might be kilom
long 10 20 km and they could snip it and
this are screwed that sucks doesn't it
that's how communication used to happen
in the war effort they would run out
these giant coaxial cables and they'd
have to make sure that the enemy Force
doesn't bomb them or snip them or blow
ince
running how did you seen it like you've
got the peons at the front and then you
got the guys running with scissors behind
behind
them they're very dangerous things you
know what's something else Taran could
do let's say he doesn't want to chop the
wire what's something else he might be
able to
do he he can wire tap this is just a
piece of metal so what if Taran squeaky
sque squeaky runs his own little piece
of metal oo now he's listening to
everything these guys are saying they
might encrypt it but then ter a smart
guy he decrypts it oh no they're screwed
I can have chat with my friends
so we all that said and done okay bro
and luy go is this ain't working Taran
he's a devious kind of fella we need to
fix this up so what he does is these
guys put in
redundancy okay first thing is let's
introduce another bodyy okay let's put a
just a repeater station okay I'm just
going to call it a node for this one you
can just imagine a signal gets there and
we just send the signal on again all
right so same problem exists though
doesn't it t can just walk over and snip
that one but now L knows between here
and here which is half the distance that
one's broken so I can fix that so
solving mild solve however what happens
if T just decides to Nuke the
node there's a few more problems I know
but what if he just bonds the
node it's screwed yeah that's even worse so
selling he's getting it let's di let's
get some redundancy in there guys
redundant nodes that go all over the
place and then connect to here connect
to there that might connect it over
there um this one might connect to there
as well that no going mental but as you
can see hey so to take out two it's true
fine if you really want to do that let's
no there you go good
luck fure what if I just take [Laughter]
[Laughter]
out yeah you're doing good there but
look as you can probably
tell what does it look like Hayden a it
looks like a web doesn't it welcome to
the web
guys literally this is the whole point
redundancy so that when the enemy bombs
or cuts a wire or does something doesn't
matter this Network can still send that
message through in some other fashion
okay it is redundant it's expensive
there's lots going on but that don't
care it's the war they'll put money into
it if they want to okay but welcome to
the birth of the internet okay and the
reason that it's popular today is
because there's just millions of people
on it and there's lots to do isn't there
now I've got a question for you what's
the difference between the internet and the
the
web or the worldwide web I should be
specific working part that's how you
connect to it and just all the
information go in one mild Round of
Applause that was really good very mild
very thank you guys so that's a really
important distinction so the internet is
how you connect to things okay it's the
plug that goes into the back of your
modem that connects you to the internet
all these other devices now by the way
you might see on the internet that
internet stands for international
Network it does not that is misn NoMa it
actually stands just for inter
network not that exciting isn't it it's
very unexciting it's been a little bit
of a pment but it's really just a term
um and the web like broy said it's the
content it's the web pages it's the
social medias it's the apps okay that is
the worldwide web whereas the Internet
is just connecting to that connecting to
all the other devices around there does
that make sense for you all so far yeah
far away yeah you're right okay so
spewing forth bit of the history for the
web anyone heard of the web 1 2
bit web one is old school me it's back
in the day where essentially the web was
considered read only you would go to the
web you'd find a web page you'd read the
web page you go cool now I know more and
then you'd move on with your life and
you'd play Starcraft or Warcraft or
whatever was popular back in the day but
essentially like you go to a web page
you just read you just look that was all
the web was back then okay I still have
vivid memories of just going and reading
lyrics from bands or reading histories
of bands I was really obsessed with my
bands back in the day that's all I did
in web one and then obviously that
changed a huge amount we had this huge
shift around the 1990s has anyone heard
of uh geoc
cities yeah the really crappy website
you go to they have a million animated
objects dancing baby that was around
that time as well they were
horrible however they look so
bad that's a great example of GX right
there this is what they looked like it
was user generated websites and the
benefit of GS cities was you didn't have
to know how to code a website from
scratch you only had to know a few
little things what's up there Mr Teran
oh the game yeah I only know about it
though it's it's very faithful to old is
it really that that sounds scary I might
get PTSD I think whatever searching geoc
cities make your home comic
oh did you know about that or did you
pick up on it in that Split
Second good good eye
manow oh that's so bad does anyone know
where comic Sands comes from
from
a no it didn't actually get people call
it a readable font it's a little bit it
was for mic it was for the new do thing
oh you're so goddamn close so Microsoft
decided that the internet was really
hard to access and they they went what's
comfortable to people their living room
right their house
places like that so what they did is
they were inventing a thing called
Microsoft Bob and Microsoft Bob was
essentially a lovely living room and you
could access that's a terribly small
photo there's the dog so you could
access parts of the internet just by
clicking on things in the living room so
like if you want to read books you click
on the books if you want to look at the
calendar you click on the calendar so
like you could do internet things in
Microsoft Bob comic SS was actually
invented for Microsoft B that's that was
H origin story now why did I bring that
up because it's something to do with the
Internet it's a nice little thing okay
so let's move on so Web Two this is
where go C's really pushed that idea
that rather than having a static
readonly web why don't we let people
generate things we'll remember it and
then anyone can access It Go cities was
revolutionary in the idea that it hosted
your website for free and anyone could
make their own thing about their own
topic and share it with the entire world
it was unheard of at that point you guys
are sitting there going uh who cares we
got redit we got Facebook we got
Wikipedia who gives a crap revolutionary
back in the day guys the ability to make
your own page and put it up there wow so
this is where we start getting things
like social medias okay this is where
Myspace starts becoming popular yes I
had a MySpace page back in the day and
then I transitioned to Facebook and went
this is crap it'll never take off do you
still have
page I don't
know I couldn't tell you one of the big
ones that really pushed this idea of
user Genera content is Javascript has
anyone heard of JavaScript per chance
couple of his don't confuse it with Java
it is not the same Java is like you're
making an Android app Javascript is
you're making a web page app essentially
but it added all this interactivity to
the website that just didn't exist before
before
now the first sentence here probably
expresses my opinion more than anything
3 yes I
it
nfts blockchain crypto
iation the yeah it's just sometimes it
gets taken too far into the wrong areas
heads Tech heads take this stuff and
they run with it and they go
problems blockchain's so cool but then
it had to be the crypto thing and then
it immediately just got stunted from
there it was like great
thing and then it had to be ruined
and okay so let me quickly talk about
web 3 is the idea that we are now trying to
to
decentralize control now I just told you
before there's no Center to the internet
though didn't I who has
control Google Google Facebook Microsoft
Amazon there's the the big five they
call them hey compies that's it Facebook
Facebook
Microsoft and Google they are the top
five and they own like essentially 70 or
80% of the web from memory it's insane
how much they hold and I would love to
be corrected on that number in a second
if you can find it the idea is we take
away control from them no longer are
they going to have control of our data
no longer are they GNA oh they're
calling it Netflix Microsoft's much
bigger than Netflix
Netflix
um and then all this other stuff got
attached on the end okay crypto and nfts
they sort of went oh this is a lovely
place for us to live let's live on the
web three now to explain what the hell
is blockchain now if you
imagine let's say I have a
file on my computer and I want to share
it with all of you guys okay I would put
it on a server and then you guys would
access the link or the file from that
server right make sense pretty
straightforward not a hard concept
blockchain is the idea that I take this
file I put it on to the blockchain and
it gets chopped into tiny little pieces
essentially shredded into pieces and
every single person on the Block Chanel
not every single person but a good chunk
would get one little tiny piece of that
far B get a bit do get a bit Loy get a
bit chlo get a bit all that kind of
stuff and then when I try and access the
file I've got to pull those little
pieces from all those people put it all
together and there it is there's my f
that's inefficient it is very inefficient
inefficient
so there is another step they have tried
to make it a simpler process in the idea
that you do get all the shreds the
original still lives there and those
shreds are used to validate to make sure
it's still the
original I still remember sitting
through a presentation where this it guy
that worked at a private school said
blockchain's going to fix everything
stood in front of like 100 it people
saying our school everything was on the
blockchain every document a kid makes
it's on the Chain every Minecraft level
they make on the chain
and why because who wants Google having
all of your
stuff I have a lot and I feel like say
do I care like why would we care
about where my daughter is Google aren't
stuffing around with it they're not fing
siphoning through my files going look at
that they're not doing that crap so I
don't know I've just got this I've got a
bit of hatred because it's a solution
looking for a problem yes somebody made
this really complex amazing system and
they're like what can we do with it how
can I make money exactly yeah NS and
nfts come along if you don't know nonf
fungible tokens the idea that we take a
picture or a document or an item and you
put put it through a process that
creates essentially a license and then
one person gets to own that license so
here Tommy here is your license for your
monkey and then he goes hey guys look at
this I've got a monkey and it's mine and
everyone goes cool right click save as
now it's mine but he goes no but I've
go I I still don't the coolest thing to
make fun of NFS is the non fundable Tri
in D and it's a play made item where you
have this really overpowered weapon that
can kill everything but it's locked in a
vase a safe at the bottom of the ocean
you can never get it but you do have a
picture of it an A sign certificate that
says it's yours and it can be very
easily copied by
R I like that that's awesome so look I
don't like the web 3 I think it's a bit
of a I think it's a bit of a flash in
the pan I think again it's a solution
looking for a problem all right I get
the idea I like the idea of
decentralization but it's not solving
the problems that I have with the web
all right but here's the bit that I
actually want to talk about applications
of web programming so what are some of
the things that we can do well we can
make games and people play together we
can make online banking apps we can make
interactive content we can share
resources and we can just make
full-blown web apps so online banking
hands up if you got a banking app on
your phone or on your computer or
something okay everyone but a couple
beautiful I've got my teachers Mutual
banking app on my phone that I access
quite often as you can imagine when I
click on my teachers Mutual banking at
not showing numbers you've got going on
there hey what are all those funny
little numbers you You' got your bank
it's my giant bank account no it's
probably my debt more than anything but
when I open this up you may not know it
and I have didn't know it for a while
this is actually a web
page looks like an app behaves like an
app even does things like fingerprint
scanning that an app normally would do
this is actually a web page believe it
or not okay same thing with interactive
content when you download the YouTube
app I actually had YouTube bug out the
other day on my phone and the address
bar reped to the
top never seen that before in my life
after an update I was watching something
it went into the YouTube app and then
the full screen stuffed up and all of a
sudden I had the address at the top
inside the YouTube app and no that
wasn't a mistake that was just the app
bugging out hard so we can make
interactive apps on the web now which is
fantastic so being able to upload Things
download things comment on things it's
good hands up if you do online
games just curious to
see little bit most of the single player
all right but moving along this is the
bread and butter of this
topic WPA a progressive web app the idea
that we can make a website using just
web Technologies just bare basic stuff
if you did any web page stuff in year n
and 10 then you're going to be able to
use this here in this topic okay and
what it allows you to do is write one
website that runs on desktop computers
doesn't matter if Windows or Mac or
Linux or whatever you can run it on
mobile phones doesn't matter if it's an
Android or iOS or holy crap if you're
using tyon I'm really worried about you
Windows I'm really worried about you
there um or even like a tablet the same
website will work on every single
platform it will behave the same it'll
have the same code and the same
functionality you write it once it works
on everything it's absolutely amazing
okay the other beauty of the WPA
platform is you can actually write it so
if you are on a mobile device you can
actually use some of the devices like I
said my banking app has fingerprint
scanning well I can write an app that
uses the fingerprint scanner I can also
write a website that uses the phone
camera Bluetooth location data all that
kind of stuff ter it's pwa right yep
cool you said
WPA fantastic pwa WPA is a Microsoft
Technology that I used to teach so keep
correcting me if I keep saying that so
WPA thank you Progressive
web oh my God p p
w I'm glad you're listening thank you
all right so my next question
is who here has used a pwa
app you don't know do
you how many of you been to a
website on Google or something and
there's a little download button at the
top here central oh to do it does it
yeah on
my not doing it for me but that's
probably because it's not the parent [Music]
portal oh what is it it's like play.
Spotify whatever it is open.
Spotify there it is right
w it's a
p okay so that tells us it's a
progressive web app because it's got
this little download button and if you
really want to dig deep this is
something we're going to learn later on
if I jump into F12 which I know you guys
love like modifying your scores getting
100% if I go to
application right here this is going to
tell me all about the
pwa what it's doing what the message is
there's the service worker which we're
going to talk about very soon and all
sorts of stuff all right so that's how
you know it's a pwa if you get that
little download button and if you go to
your phone like you said guys you'll
probably get the same little prompts why
do we do
pwas you write one website it'll work
across everything we call that
crossplatform right doesn't matter what
platform in other words Microsoft Apple
lytics it'll work it is low cost because
writing an Android app and an IOS app
from scratch they are quite expensive
writing a website cheap as chips really
easy you don't have to install a pwa
they can just go straight to your
website and start using it or if they
download it they can install it you can
actually use them offline as well so if
you download a pwa and then you go to
the middle of Australia where there's no
service the app will still work despite
not being online it says faster
UI mild disagree and the last one low
data consumption completely Fair because
it doesn't have to download stuff native
apps they are platform specific if you
write an Android app you also have to go
and write an IOS app there are things
that allow you to to write both but you
have to learn them and again it's still
writing completely things separate to a
web page high cost fair enough takes
more effort installation required high
performance that's fair uh not indexed
by Google what does that
mean not SE on Google you have to create
a web page to advertise for it B go yep
can't search it on Google and requires
updates fair enough most apps do how to
they work now this is the interesting
part so if you come over here with your
eyeballs for everybody here's our app on
the file left hand side this is our pwa
app so let's say we open up Spotify
Spotify first of all we download
everything about Spotify the pictures
the data and the backend stuff and it
loads up the app now the first thing the
app will do is talk to its service
worker it's SW I'm calling it in the
text the service worker is a special
little script that runs in the
background and it his job is to do one
thing it says am I online or am I
offline if it's online what it will do
is it will go over to the servers the
Spotify servers and say hey give me all
the newest stuff give me all the new
songs give me all the new artworks give
me all the new whatevers playlists and
then it sends it back to the app so you
can see all your lovely songs and
playlists sound pretty good so far cool
if for whatever reason you are in the
middle of Australia and you really want
to listen to your your favorite song you
open up
Spotify and the service worker goes oh
crap I'm
offline what it does is it accesses the
cache so it goes into your files and it
says givee givee givee givee give me
you've already got the photos you've
already got the playlists now the
disadvantage there is you don't get the
newest stuff do you it's whatever you
had last time you used the app but the
beauty is it'll still send all that data
back to app and you can still use it
while you're offline how do we think
about that guys and girls is that pretty
good it's a local copy rather than
apps yep so these are some pwas that you
may have used in the past I actually
used Uber a couple of weeks ago the app
works really well surprisingly Pinterest
it also I Pinterest 2048 and finally we
literally just looked at Spotify so you
guys are good
I hate it because it flooded Google
Images you search for just one thing all
500 Pinterest results yeah I literally
have an extension called
uninterested and any Google image search
I do it takes out all Pinterest
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