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this is an extra video on rhizopus
reproduction rise of us is a type of
fungus and it's mostly associated with
bread mold however we do know that it
grows on particular types of fruit you
can often see it growing on tomatoes and
on strawberries for example when they're
decaying or going off it looks like this
white furry stuff and this is because
Manny - these two black filaments will
form a mycelium rise of us is
saprophytic this means that it feeds off
dead organic matter therefore it acts as
a decomposer and decomposers are really
important in returning nutrients to the
soil remember from ecology most of the
time rhizopus reproduces asexually by
means of spar ulation so producing
spores to understand reproduction in the
rhizopus you need to know its structure
we know that it's a fungus and it's made
up of these two black filaments known as
haifa there are three types of haifa
which you have to know very well so the
first type of haifa that we talk about
are the rhizoids and you can see them
here in the picture
I always remember them because I think
of them as roots even though they're not
but I just say or furrows oh it's or for
roots their main role is Anchorage
they're there to anchor the fungus but
they also play a very important role in
digestion extracellular digestion
because they secrete those digestive
enzymes which are going to break down
the substrate and then the nutrients are
absorbed back into the rhizoids the next
type of haifa is a stolen it grows above
the substrate and it creeps along
horizontally its main role is in helping
this fungus to spread the final type of
haifa is known as a sporangia for it
grows vertically upwards into the air so
this Brown Geo for which is filled with
manny haploid nuclei develops a swelling
near the end which fills with many more
haploid nuclei and cytoplasm and these
are all formed by means of mitosis
across wall called the columella forms
and this is formed to block off or to
separate all of these nuclei and the
cytoplasm in the swollen tip from the
rest of the haifa just below the
columellar is the a puff Isis which is
this swelling of the haifa both the
columellar forms this structure
known as the sprang Geum and it's here
that those haploid nuclei together with
some cytoplasm are now going to become
those haploid spores eventually the
sporangium splits and releases all of
these haploid spores and if they land on
a suitable substrate well then they will
germinate to form a new haifa rhizopus
will mostly reproduce asexually by means
of sporulation producing spores
however under adverse conditions such as
dehydration sexual reproduction takes
place sexual reproduction occurs in
Haifa which look very similar but are
chemically different so one is a plus
strain and the other is a minus strain
swellings begin to grow between the plus
and the minus strain as if they're
growing towards each other and into the
swelling's on both sides flow mani
haploid nuclei and this now forms
progamme tangia after this cross walls
form essentially blocking in those
nuclei and forming these structures
known as gamma tangia and supporting the
gamma tangia are the suspense errs the
wall between the gamma tangia dissolves
allowing both the cytoplasm and the
haploid nuclei from both sides both
strains to mix eventually what happens
are many fertilizations
so forming manney diploid zygote nuclei
these diploid zygote nuclei get encased
in a tough walled zygous 4 and this can
remain dormant for quite a long time
eventually it will germinate by meiosis
so when does I guess for germinates
and undergoes meiosis a haploid haifa
emerges and this Haifa is filled with
manney haploid nuclei which in turn can
become haploid spores the spores
released are haploid but they are
genetically different meiosis has
introduced genetic variation this video
was only about rhizopus remember that we
covered the asexual and sexual
reproduction of this fungus we learned
that it's a Sam prophetic fungus meaning
that it feeds on dead organic matter we
also learned that it's economically not
that great why because it causes food
spoilage so the very best of luck with
your exams make sure you're using your
textbook you're doing pass papers and
you're listening to your teachers
guidance good look
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