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HISTORIA del microscopio
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[Music]
When a man began to study
nature he marveled at the
stars of the universe that was
out there in space not
yet aware of a wonderful part
of the universe that was right at his fingertips that which
man could not see was not
only millions of
miles away from earth but
closer to him than he thought
fascinating organisms incredible
landscapes hidden from our senses an
unexplored world world that a
tool product of science
helps us to know this tool is the microscope
just as the telescope opened
the doors to the
infinitely large for humanity the microscope made
it possible to know the worlds of
tiny dimensions this
instrument being the basis for observations
in modern biological sciences the
microscope can be defined as a
device that allows the observation of
small details of a given sample
that cannot be perceived with the naked eye
the optical microscope is one of the
inventions that has marked a before and
after in the history of science
but whoever invented the microscope before
the invention of the microscope
the use of
lenses that allowed to observe an image
in a magnified way was already widespread ancient
civilizations already used what we
know as magnifying glasses to concentrate the
light rays in a point and be able to make
fire in fact magnifying glasses are
considered a type of microscope
known as a simple microscope already in
the Middle Ages the increased use of
lenses in glasses probably led
to the widespread use of
simple microscopes with unlimited magnification
however the practical microscope would
arrive a few years later products
of the study of lenses
therefore the paternity of the microscope
could be considered shared since there are
various characters who contributed to the
instrument until it became a
solid tool in this period of
developments is at the end of the 16th century and
beginning of the 17th century starting with
Hans Lippershey an inventor and
lens manufacturer who was the first to
design a practical telescope and the
first to apply for a patent for
that design which is why many
also consider him the inventor of the
microscope since the development of the
microscope starts from there however
who is officially given the
name as the inventor of the
microscope is Zacharias Jensen and his
father, Dutch eyeglass manufacturers
who realized by accident that by
lengthening the telescope tube,
greater magnification capacity was achieved and that
therefore in practice the telescope
could be transformed in microscope
being pioneers the idea of modifying
a telescope for microscopic use
but due to the poor optical quality of its
lenses it was not yet an
appropriate instrument for the observation of
microscopic life shared paternity
thus reaches Galileo Galilei in
the middle of 1609 Galileo Galilei
develops 18 lino which was a
homemade telescope of 8 magnifications laying
the foundations for a more powerful optical instrument
Galileo was able to focus his
telescope up close to see
small objects and look through the
wrong end upside down to magnify
small objects with a telescope used in this
way it is the same as a
compound microscope so he would have practically
adapted the
telescope lenses to independently invent
the compound microscope
a few years after
Galileo's instrument was so powerful
that using his invention he managed to describe
for the first time the cuticle of insects
finally who finished shaping
the age of the microscope as such is
Giovanni Fiver colleague of Galileo who
coined the word microscope to
refer to the new invention microscopes
from the Greek micros which means small
and is copied which means to look despite
being the ginseng considered
inventors of the microscope it is important to
know that more than an idea it was the
work of several individuals that
consolidated this tool that shares
development with the telescope during the
second half of the 17th century
the first scientific works begin to appear
documenting observations carried
out with the microscope
of the most prominent micro copyists of
this time are robert hooke and anthony
mann live
robert hooke publishes his work micrography
a collection of biological micrographs
in which you can find
illustrations of plants and insects
observed through the microscope and
coins for the first time the word cell
for the structures that discover a
cork bark his work was totally
revolutionary because it attracted the interest
of the public for modern sciences
reason many researchers based
their work on observing from tissues
to materials and describe their
properties thanks to the microscope the
first lenses had defects in the
polishing and in the generation of
optical aberrations reason why
errors occurred in the images and
therefore in the observations reason why it is
explained why at first
many researchers believed they had
seen apparently fantastic forms
for example gaudier de gotti He described
little men on the head of
sperm and called them homunculus
which can be seen in a diagram
from this time a time when it was believed that there was
a little man
sperm which was thought to
develop into an
adult thanks to the interest during that
time there were also
constant advances in lens polishing
obtaining greater sharpness and
resolving power of microscopes such was the
interest and improvement that an
amateur lens maker and
merchant built the best
and high quality microscopes that
allowed him to have a magnification of 200x
we are talking about anthony mann libero for sale
a more sophisticated type of microscope
to view biological specimens
using microscopes of his
own manufacture he first described
protozoa bacteria sperm and
red blood cells and a lot of
microorganisms and tissues so much so that he was
considered a precursor to
experimental biology and microbiology thanks
to the revolution that physics caused in
different fields including
optics with works such as those of newton
directly the microscope
benefited during the 21st century 18 and 19
combined lenses are developed that cancel
spherical and chromatic aberration and
construction techniques of
mechanical advances are achieved increased the
stability of the instrument [Music]
[Music]
all this also a product of the study
in microscopic techniques and practices
among which stand out the
imports of ernest ave a young
physicist who develops the famous theory
of the microscope by working with a
businessman named carl zeiss who
proposed to give a scientific foundation to
the construction and manufacture of
microscopes leaving aside methods of
trial and error which ended up leading
to the theory of
image formation in the microscope
discovery that evidently improved
the performance of microscopes and the
decrease in production costs
allowing mass production of
these instruments ave also made
improvements in microscopic practices
improved immersion microscopes
replacing water with oil
which allows to obtain higher magnifications
later in the 20th century the
development of the microscope is brutal at the
beginning of the 1930s
the theoretical limit for
[Music]
no achieving that these increases will
exceed 500 x or 1000 x so we
begin to work on different
types of microscopes that would allow a
more detailed study of ours [Music]
[Music]
in this way after various developments
of types of microscopes we arrive at the
transmission electron microscope
which was the first type of
electron microscope developed
which uses electrons instead
of light to focus the sample
thus achieving a magnification of 100 thousand x [Music]
[Music]
and so microscopy takes a
huge leap forward as
microscopy techniques begin to be developed that allowed us to
reach even higher levels types of
microscopes that helped
scientific development such as the field ion microscope
that allowed us to see the first
atoms or also the
scanning electron microscope until reaching the
atomic force microscope an
instrument with incredible resolution
currently there are other more innovative ones that are
still being worked on and
surely there will be other more powerful ones
since microscopy today is a
fairly established science how
interesting it is to observe the evolution
of the microscope from the middle of the
last millennium to beginnings of the current the
relationship that the microscope had with the
development of physics the
industrial revolution and how it impacted the
scientific world in the areas of biology
the microscope opened the eyes of the
human being to new forms of life
allowed to know the pillars of our
reality understand the mechanism of
that which we do not see of that which we
were not aware of that does not get
sick that gives us life that gives us sustenance
sustenance
now the human being not only looks up at
the sky wondering what is there but looks
inside himself towards what is close
with curiosity seeks to know what
sustains nature what is
hidden behind the mechanisms that we
see from the perspective of the eye the
microscope is then a tool
that changed the history of science and
the way we see the world without it we
simply would not have discovered the
fundamental unit of life which is
the cell and we would
probably have missed out on a lot of
medical and biological advances
I am your hand cifuentes and this is
self-taught for the inspiration to
learn I invite you to leave your like and
share that helps me continue creating
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