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Ideology and POLICY MAKING [AP Gov Review_ Unit 4 Topic 8 (4_8)]
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hey there and welcome back to heimlich history now we've been going through unit 4 of the ap government curriculum and in this video that means it's time to talk about how political ideologies affect policy making so if you're ready to get them brain cows milked well then let's get to it so in this video here's what we're trying to do explain how u.s political culture for example values attitudes and beliefs influences the formation goals and implementation of public policy over time or a simpler way to say it is this how do our ideologies inform the kind of policy we make if you'll remember in the last video i talked about the differences between the characteristics of conservative and liberal ideology and i won't rehash that here but for now we just need to talk about how people who hold those ideologies get laws passed that reflect their beliefs and probably it goes without saying but hey i'm going to say it anyway that the policies that are made into law here in america reflect only the beliefs of the people who actually vote all things being equal if more people who hold liberal ideology vote we're going to have more liberal policies and vice versa with conservative ideology okay so with that established let's consider two debates and two laws that illustrate this point first is the ongoing debate over making english the official language of the united states just about every year conservatives in congress propose such a policy and every year it dies now conservatives want to do this because they believe it will unite americans of all backgrounds and then additionally they argue that such a law would save billions in federal and state spending as it stands hospitals are mandated to provide translators for patients who need them many schools must hire bilingual teachers and counselors and some states spend millions out of their election budgets to print ballots in several languages and it's true a nation's language is one of the most powerful cultural artifacts to bind people together in a shared heritage however liberals reject the idea of making english the official language because they see it as a tool of oppression and in some cases straight up racist and precisely because language is such a powerful cultural artifact liberals argue that to require immigrants to learn english at the expense of their native language is tantamount to an erasure of their cultural heritage now this debate has been going on for decades and it waxes and wanes depending on not surprisingly the numbers of immigrants entering the nation however up till now it has been just a debate and no official policy has been passed either way but it is a good illustration of how ideology affects and informs policymaking the second debate is related to the first namely the debate over multiculturalism versus assimilation the idea here is whether as americans we should embrace multiculturalism which values and upholds the distinct cultures of the people that live here or whether there exists a normative set of american cultural values that all americans should assimilate to and this debate has a long history going all the way back to the u.s policy concerning american indians in many cases during the process of westward expansion american indians were given the choice to be displaced from their land or assimilate to american culture which in those days meant to speak english dress like americans and embrace christianity etc etc and those debates are still happening today liberals tend to champion multiculturalism while conservatives push for assimilation and the crux of this debate is whether or not there are a set of universal normative american values by which every american should be measured conservatives tend to say yes liberals tend to say no okay those are two examples of ideological debates that have so far not resulted in concrete policy but now let's consider two examples of policies that illustrate how ideology makes its way into law first on the conservative side we can consider the personal responsibility and work opportunity act of 1996. this was a law addressing welfare policies which provided government funds to the poor ever since the policies of lyndon johnson's great society the welfare state in america was significantly expanded and this was a triumph for liberalism but starting in the 1980s conservatives got all kinds of twitchy about this legislation because as they argued the system of welfare trapped the poor in a cycle of poverty the conservatives argued like this if the poor were receiving welfare benefits they had no incentive to go to work and that just means that they would sit at home while big daddy government paid all their bills and so a republican-dominated congress passed the personal responsibility and work opportunity act which limited welfare payments to five years and the result was that the numbers of those on welfare dropped precipitously and conservatives considered this a win because to them it reasserted the american work ethic and now let's consider how liberal ideology resulted in legislation and for this we'll consider the dream act which addressed immigration and more specifically the situation of immigrants who entered the country illegally but were minors that means their parents immigrated illegally but obviously the children had no choice in the matter the dream act aimed to create a set of criteria through which those minors would not be deported but could become american citizens and initially this legislation was somewhat bipartisan but not surprisingly it was more favored by liberal democrats the bill was introduced several times but it never passed republicans wanted stricter immigration limits in return for their cooperation but democrats weren't willing to bend on that one but despite the failure of the bill president obama a democrat took matters into his own hands and issued an executive order to address the situation basically the executive order made the deportation of these immigrant minors impossible and that essentially accomplished the same thing but the problem with executive orders is that when there is a new executive new orders can be made case in point president trump who styled himself tough on immigration rescinded this order and removed many of the protections offered in the dreamers program so all in all you can see how ideology shapes the kind of policy that we end up with and that policy is always going to reflect the ideology of the people who actually vote okay thanks for watching click right here to grab view packet which is going to help you get an a in your class and a five on your exam in may no matter what your ideology i want to keep making these videos to help you so if that's what you want to then you can cast your vote by subscribing to the channel and i shall oblige heimler out
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