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Conceptos clave de gestión de riesgo de desastres | CEDU Uninorte | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Conceptos clave de gestión de riesgo de desastres
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[Music] [Applause]
[Applause] If
disasters are not
unpredictable or unexpected events, on the
contrary, they are scenarios that we
humans build with our
daily behaviors in the way
we interact with the environment and
with other human beings,
the starting point of disasters
is not when a
natural phenomenon such as an earthquake occurs, the
disaster actually starts long before,
for example, when we build houses on
land that does not meet the
necessary conditions, that is to say, when
we build the risk, the threat
consists of the possibility that at a
given time in the land where we
decide to live, a
natural phenomenon occurs with such intensity
that it could negatively impact
the population and its services, for example,
a land that floods or a hillside
that could slide. The first point in
the construction of risk is to expose
our homes and infrastructure to
a threat, for example, to build on
floodable lands,
a correct way would be to build on
higher ground where I don't know and name
the exposure does not imply that
damage will always be generated when
a threat occurs, because the way we occupy
the territory and we build
buildings with will lead to a greater or
lesser impact when a threat occurs it
consists of the internal risk factor
to which a community is exposed to
suffer damage or loss as a result
of the occurrence of a natural
or man-made phenomenon imagine that
we build houses in seismic zones without
the buildings including
earthquake-resistant structures they would better withstand
earthquakes but if they do not include these structures
structures
then the houses will not withstand
earthquakes and therefore doing this is equivalent to
generating a risk but it is important to
understand that vulnerability is not
only physical, that is to say it is not only because of the
housing built, vulnerability
also has to do with other factors
such as economic capacity this is the
availability of resources to reduce
the risk also influences
vulnerability the technical capacity of both
the people who generate
knowledge of the risk and the
institutions that can carry out
risk reduction works
the lack of knowledge or the level of
education about the environment and the
risk of disasters by the
people who live in an area exposed to
natural or social threats and
environmental degradation in the areas in which we
live are also
key factors in vulnerability
there are ways to reduce these impacts that
can cause a threat one of
them consists of avoiding building
risks by acting in advance, that is to
say by controlling the form of occupation
and use of the land through
territorial planning or ordinance, therefore the first thing we
must think about is the magnitude of the
event, a small
landslide on a slight slope
with few houses is not the same as a large
landslide on a slope full of
many houses, then in places
where it is foreseen that
potentially dangerous events could occur,
the construction of houses should be avoided.
What is called prevention,
risk prevention consists of advancing
restrictive or prospective intervention measures and actions arranged
in advance in order to avoid the generation of
risks, it can focus on
avoiding or neutralizing the threat or the
exposure and vulnerability to it,
it,
definitively to prevent
new risks from being generated, but we cannot forget
that in the territory we inhabit we already
have many constructed risks, that is
where we must undertake other
activities seeking to reduce damage and
losses, recognizing that we
cannot effectively reduce the
risks to zero, then the task
consists of reducing their
negative impacts, for example, building a wall
so that a piece of land does not flood or
slide and therefore do not damage
belongings this is called mitigation
the two previous concepts, that is,
prevention and mitigation are the
fundamental elements of
risk reduction but by the very fact
that in the territory in which we live
we already have many risks built and that it
is possible that a disaster occurs
before we manage to build all
our mitigation works, it is
essential that we prepare to
attend to disaster situations.
This we call disaster management
consists of developing, testing and
executing emergency and
contingency plans which describe how we
should act in the face of disasters and
emergencies, describing the ways to
attend to and evacuate
affected people as well as ways to
rebuild the damages that occurred
without rebuilding the
initial risk conditions [Music]
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