This content provides science-based strategies for optimizing one's workspace to enhance focus, creativity, and productivity, emphasizing the impact of environmental factors like light, vision, and sound on cognitive function.
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Welcome to Huberman Lab Essentials,
where we revisit past episodes for the
most potent and actionable science-based
tools for mental health, physical
health, and performance.
I'm Andrew Huberman, and I'm a professor
of neurobiology and opthalmology at
Stanford School of Medicine. Today,
we're going to talk all about how to
optimize your workspace for maximum
productivity. Indeed, that means to
heighten levels of focus, to increase
levels of creativity, to improve your
ability to task switch. And this could
be for sake of school or for work,
creative endeavors, personal endeavors.
This really extends to everybody. This
is a topic that's intrigued me for a
very long time because my undergraduate
adviser, my graduate adviser, and my
posttock adviser had many things in
common, including being great
scientists, being kind people, and
terrific mentors. But they had another
thing in common which always perplexed
me which is that their offices were a
complete disaster. They had mountains of
books, mountains of papers, mountains of
all sorts of stuff and yet all of them
were extremely productive and could
remain extremely focused in that
incredibly cluttered environment. Now
I'm somebody who doesn't like clutter. I
find it very hard to focus in cluttered
environments. And indeed, there's
tremendous variation among people as to
whether or not they can remain focused
or whether or not they struggle to focus
in physically cluttered environments.
There's no right or wrong to this, but
the question we should ask ourselves is
why were they all able to be so focused?
And it turns out that the reason they
were able to be so focused is that they
all captured one single and yet
fundamental variable of workspace
optimization. And we'll talk about what
that variable is. In fact, we're going
to talk about what all the variables of
optimizing a workspace are. Things like
vision, things like light, things like
noise in the room, whether or not you
listen to music or not, whether or not
you use noise cancelling headphones or
not. We're going to talk about all of
that. And we're going to do that in a
way that you can optimize your workspace
regardless of whether or not you are at
home, whether or not you're on the road,
etc. Because the last thing I would ever
want to do is to create a situation
where you find the optimal workspace and
then you are a slave to that optimal
workspace. That's just not the way the
world works. What you want to do or my
goal for you rather is that you will
have a short checklist of things that
you can look to anytime you sit down to
do work and you can think about the
underlying variables that impact your
brain and your body and allow your brain
and body to get into the optimal state
in order to learn in order to be
productive and indeed to move through
your workouts in a very relaxed and
pleasureful way while maintaining focus
and while pursuing any of the number of
things that you're doing. The first
variable we want to think about in terms
of workspace optimization is vision and
light. From the time you wake up in the
morning until about 6 or 7 or 8,
sometimes 9 hours later, your brain is
in a unique state. It is in a state of
high levels of dopamine, a neurom
modulator, and high levels of
epinephrine, as well as hormones like
cortisol and so forth. That early part
of the day is a time of day in which for
sake of workspace optimization.
Being in a brightly lit environment can
lend itself to optimal work throughout
the day, not just during that early
phase. So, one of the things that I've
done for my workspace is to make sure
that when I wake up in the morning, I do
go get my sunlight. If the sun isn't
out, I turn on as many bright artificial
lights as I can manage or tolerate and
then I go get my sunlight exposure. But
once I set out to do some work that all
the overhead lights in that room are on
as well as lights in front of me and
that's again to stimulate heightened
levels of focus and further release of
these neurom modulators that I mentioned
before dopamine, norepinephrine and
epinephrine. Now the way that one could
do that could be a very lowcost way of
having for instance a desk lamp and
those overhead lights. Ring lights can
be pretty cost effective and yet they're
very bright and they have the sort of
bright blue light that is going to
optimally stimulate those melanops and
ganglen cells. I don't use a ring light.
I use a light pad. The particular light
pad I use I bought on Amazon. So I place
that on the desk in front of me and I
turn it on essentially throughout this
phase one of the day. For those of you
that can place your desk near a window
and even better to open the window, that
would be really fantastic. Why would I
say open the window? Well, it turns out
that sunlight is going to be the best
stimulus for waking up your brain and
body through this melanops into
hypothalamus system. And by looking at
sunlight through a window, it's 5050
times less effective than if that window
were to be open. Mostly because those
windows filter out a lot of the
wavelengths of blue light that are
essential for stimulating the eyes and
this wakeup signal. Now, in the
afternoon, starting at about 9 and
continuing until about 16 hours after
waking, you want to start dimming the
lights in that environment. The idea is
that in this so-called phase two of the
24-hour cycle, from about 9 to 16 hours
after waking, you want to bring the
level of lights down a bit. Having
lights that are in front of you is fine,
but overhead lights at that time are not
going to be optimal for the sorts of
neurochemical states that your brain
wants to be in. The states that I'm
referring to are a shift from the
dopamine and norepinephrine that's
highest early in the day to increases in
things like serotonin and other neurom
modulators that put your brain into a
state that's better for creative
endeavors or for more abstract thinking.
So, what I recommend doing and what I
personally do is I will turn off
overhead lights in the afternoon. It's
not completely dim. It's not completely
dark, but I will start to reduce the
amount of overhead light and just simply
keep the light pad on and whatever other
lamps I happen to be using. So,
somewhere around 4 or 5:00 p.m., which
for me is, you know, about 12 hours
after I've been awake or 14 hours after
I've been awake, I will turn off that
light pad and start to transition the
lights in my environment to more yellows
and reds. And then I'll just mention
because I know there are people who are
working in the middle of the night,
there's phase three, which is about 17
to 24 hours after waking. If you're
going to be doing work in that third
phase of your circadian cycle, you
really want to limit the amount of
bright light that you're getting in your
eyes to just the amount that allows you
to do the work that you're doing.
Because if you get light in your eyes
that's any brighter than that, you're
going to severely deplete your melatonin
levels. You're going to severely shift
your circadian clock and it's
effectively like traveling to another
time zone. So, if you stay up from 3:00
a.m. until 6:00 a.m. or 2:00 a.m. until
4:00 a.m. working on a term paper or
something of that sort and you're
getting bright light in your eyes, you
are effectively flying 6 hours in to a
different time zone or at least that's
what your body registers it as. And it
can really throw your sleep and your
metabolism and a number of other things
out of whack. Now, there's an exception
to this, which is if you really want to
be awake, it can often be beneficial to
flipping on all the lights in the room
and keeping them really bright. One of
the hardest things to do is to stay up
all night studying when you're in a dim
environment. So, you have to determine
the tradeoff between whether or not you
want to shift your clock or whether or
not you want to get the work done. Now,
that's light. But there's another aspect
of vision that has been shown to be
critically important for how alert we
are going to be and how well we can
maintain that alertness. And that has to
do with where our visual focus is in a
given environment. There's a very
underappreciated and yet incredible
aspect of our neurology that has to do
with the relationship between where we
look and our level of alertness. And it
works in a very logical way. We have
clusters of neurons in our brain stem.
And those clusters of neurons control
our eyelid muscles and they control our
eye movements up and down and to the
sides. Now the neurons that control
those muscles have a very interesting
feature which is that when we are
looking down toward the ground or
anywhere below basically the the central
region of our face. The neurons that
control that eye movement are intimately
related to areas of the brain stem that
release certain types of neurom
modulators and neurotransmitters
and they activate areas of the brain
that are associated with calm and indeed
even with sleepiness. Now the opposite
is also true. We have neurons that place
our eyes into an upward gaze above the
sort of level of our nose and up above
our forehead literally looking up while
keeping the head stationary. Those
neurons don't just control the position
of the eyes and cause them to move up.
They also trigger the activation of
brain circuits that are associated with
alertness. Now, this has some obvious
implications. Contrary to what most
people do, which is to look down at
their laptop, tablet, or phone, if you
want to be alert and you want to
maintain the maximum amount of focus for
whatever it is that you're reading or
doing, you want that screen or whatever
it is that you're looking at to at least
be at eye level and ideally slightly
above it. There's another aspect of our
vision that's absolutely critical for
optimizing our workspace and that has to
do with this really interesting feature
of our visual pathways in that it has
two major channels. Those two major
channels have names although you don't
have to remember the names. The first
one is the so-called parvo cellular
channel which is involved in looking at
things at specific points in space and
at high resolution or detail. And then
there's the so-called magnosellar
channel that's involved in looking at
big swaths of visual space and at lower
resolution. Now again, you don't have to
remember the names. What you do have to
remember, however, is that you're going
to create the maximum amount of
alertness in your system, the maximum
amount of ability to focus when your
system is in that parvocellular mode.
When you're bringing your eyes to a
common point, what we call avergence eye
movement, v e r g- n ce. Bringing your
eyes to a single point in space will
create a narrower aperture of a visual
window, meaning your your visual world
actually shrinks, at least perceptually.
Now the caveat to this is that if you
are going to look at a narrow space, a
narrow window for any period of time,
whether or not it's a book or a laptop
or a tablet or a phone, those virgin's
eye movements not only create alertness,
but they also require energy and they
also can fatigue the eyes because
there's a process called accommodation
whereby the shape of your eye literally
has to change so that the lens can move
so that you can focus at that location.
Accommodation is an incredible process,
but it is a demanding one, and that's
the reason that your eyes get tired when
you focus on something for too long. So,
here's a principle extracted from the
opthalmology and neuroscience literature
that you can adopt. For every 45 minutes
in which you are focusing on something
like a phone or a tablet or a book page
or your computer, you want to get into Magnusellar
Magnusellar
panoramic vision for at least five
minutes. And the way that I suggest to
do this is actually to take a walk
ideally outside. So for every 45 minutes
or so, try and get five minutes of
relaxing your eyes. Look off into the
distance. Looking at a horizon will
automatically trigger this panoramic
gaze, which is very relaxing to the eyes
and will allow you to go back into a
focused work bout. The one thing you
absolututely do not want to do is to go
outside and check your phone. Because if
you're outside checking your phone or
you're taking a break and checking your
phone, you're still in that virgin eye
movement. Okay? So this is very very
important because virgin's eye movements
increase focus and attention and you can
exploit that to increase focus and
attention when you want to but you
absolutely need to relax the system.
Again for every 45 minutes in which
you've been in that focused mode you
want to get at least 5 minutes of
panoramic vision. Next, I'd like to talk
about an aspect of workspace
optimization that can actually bias
whether or not our brain and nervous
system are better suited for detailed
analytic work or more abstract work.
What I'm about to describe is called the
cathedral effect. The cathedral effect
has been discussed well really for many
many decades maybe even hundreds of
years but formally has been discussed
since the early 2000s in which it seemed
that people who were in high ceiling
environments hence the phrase cathedral
would shift their thinking and their
ideas to more abstract and creative
lofty type thinking. So literally higher
ceiling, loftier thinking, higher
aspirations that this was observed in
terms of the language that they used,
but also the sorts of ideas that they
would generate.
And conversely, that people that were in
lower ceiling environments would be more
oriented toward using language that was
more restricted, literally more
detailed, analytic about things in their
immediate space. So what does this mean
for workspace optimization? Well, most
of us have a fixed ceiling uh level in
our in our home, but you might have
rooms in which the ceiling is higher and
rooms in which the ceiling is lower. If
that were the case, I recommend if you
want to do creative work during phase 2,
the 9 to 16 hours of uh your circadian
cycle, 9 to 16 hours after waking that
is that you do that in the high ceiling
room or maybe even outdoors out on a
deck or on a patio because the highest
ceiling of course is is the sky. And
again, the lower the ceiling or the
lower your visual environment, the more
that one tends to do or per I should say
performs detailed analytic work
accurately. And the more that one's
thinking is oriented towards detailed
sort of correct answer type work.
Whereas when the ceiling is higher or
there's no ceiling, the more that the
brain and the rest of the processing
that we call cognitive processing is
related to abstract reasoning,
brainstorming, and indeed can pull from
broader swaths of memory resources
because really what abstract reasoning
is is it's taking existing elements and
and maneuvering them or arranging them
into novel ways. So you can think about
like notes on a piano um playing a
particular song, learning scales. That's
very analytic. there's a there's a
correct answer that you're trying to
arrive at or generate. Whereas writing
music or um writing poetry or generating
um new material of any kind involves
taking existing elements, right? You're
not going to use words that you don't
have committed to your memory or that
you're not aware of and arranging them
in novel ways. So, I think the cathedral
effect can be leveraged and again, you
don't need to move into a different home
or build a slanted roof and work at one
side of the the room at one part of the
day and the other side of the room at
the other. Although, hey, if that's the
way you um you want to swing it, that's
great. Uh most of us don't have that
flexibility. But it's very clear that
the height of the ceiling of the visual
environment that we're in has a profound
effect on the types of cognitive
processes that we are able to engage.
Now, I'd like to shift our attention to
the auditory environment or the noise in
the room or the music in the room or the
music or noise in the headphones because
it turns out that there is a lot of
quality scientific data out there that
speaks to whether or not listening to
particular sounds can enhance our
cognition. And indeed, the answer is
yes. But there are very particular types
of things to listen to under very
particular types of conditions that
allow one to do that. If you look across
the literature for studies that involve
complete silence or white noise or
binaural beats or music or classical
music or rock and roll, you can find
results to support any type of
environment as being more beneficial.
However, as we'll talk about in a
moment, there are a few types of
environments to really avoid and a few
types of sounds that really can enhance
the cognition and your ability to focus
in your workspace environment across the
board that really seem to work for all
people. Let's talk about background
noise to avoid. And here we're talking
about background noise to avoid because
it actually can cause um some pretty
severe deficits in cognition. There's a
paper, first author Jordan Love, cool
name. Um, last author Alexander Francis.
The the title of the paper has to do
with psychophysiological responses to
potentially annoying heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning noise
during mentally demanding work, which is
a mouthful. But basically what this
paper identifies is a large data set in
which workplace and environmental noise
mostly the humming of air conditioners
that's very loud or the humming of
heaters that's very loud and ongoing
just incessant doesn't let up can really
increase mental fatigue and can vastly
decrease cognitive performance. I think
we've all experienced that when you're
in a room and there's some ongoing
background noise and all of a sudden it
stops and you just feel this enormous
relief. So, does that mean that we
shouldn't listen to white noise or pink
noise or brown noise while we're
working? Certainly, a lot of people do.
In fact, if you want to know what white
noise, pink noise, and brown noise are
just different constellations of
auditory frequencies that are played
together. Brown noise has others. It has
different frequencies that are that are
included at higher amplitude, etc. You
can look this stuff up on YouTube if you
want. You just put brown noise. None of
it sounds terrific. It doesn't sound
like music. It's literally just noise,
mixed frequencies, and no particular
arrangement. There is some evidence that
playing white noise in the background or
on headphones or pink noise or brown
noise can facilitate cognition, but it's
mainly through an increase in this
overall alertness
as a consequence of areas like locus
ceruius and other brain stem areas that
are associated with autonomic arousal
from that noise. There's really no
reason to suspect, however, that those
particular patterns of noise are going
to optimize particular mental functions.
So, what I'd like to turn to next are
particular patterns of sounds that
indeed have been shown in peer-reviewed
studies to optimize certain types of
mental processing because you can
incorporate these into your optimized
workspace environment through headphones
or through speakers, whatever mechanism
that you want in order to get more out
of your work efforts. If you were to
search for apps or go online and try and
find sounds that can improve thinking or
change your emotions, you're generally
going to find three types. One are
called isopchronic tones. These are
tones usually of a a common frequency.
So it might be um a beep and then a
pause and then a beep of the same
frequency and then beep. Forgive my um
terrible beeping. Um, I don't know what
good beeping would sound like, but um,
contrast is tones with monoral beats.
Monoral beats would be repetitive almost
percussive like beats delivered to just
This kind of thing. Okay, you can find
apps that can deliver monal beats. You
can find also apps that deliver
so-called binaural beats. You can also
find YouTube scripts that or channels
that will deliver binaural beats.
Binaural beats as the name suggests are
beats delivered to the two ears. One
pattern of kind of percussive beat to
one ear and a different pattern or at
least a pattern that's out of phase
that's not synchronized delivered to the
other ear. So on one ear you hear d and
in the other ear you've got dun dun dun.
And what happens is because of the way
that the auditory system converges in
the brain stem and generates what are
called intraoral time differences. I'll
explain what that means in a moment.
intraoral time differences. The
difference between the two patterns of
beats that are heard by the each of the
two different ears leads to a third
pattern that the brain entrains to and
kind of maps onto and generates
particular types of brain waves. Okay,
so without going into a lot of detail,
intraal time differences are the ways in
which if you were to hear something off
to your right, like I just snapped my
finger just to the right of my right
ear, that a signal arrives in my right
ear before that sound signal, those
sound waves arrive in my left ear. So
there's an intraoral between ears time
difference and there's a brain stem area
in which signals from one ear and
signals from the other ear converge and
there's literally a math done by your
nervous system that says this signal
arrived before the other signal and the
difference between those signals is the
intraoral time difference. Binaural
beats have been generated in ways that
create a particular pattern of intraoral
time differences that then cascades up
to the rest of the brain and puts the
forebrain and other areas of the brain
that are involved in cognition and
action into a particular rhythm. And
some of the rhythms or waves of brain
activity are ones that you may have
heard of things like alpha waves or
theta waves or gamma waves. If you look
across the board at the studies of
binaural beats and you ask what sorts of
binaural beats appear to be useful for
people to enhance their brain function
for particular kinds of task, we arrive
at some very interesting answers. So
we'll review what those are. Now the
frequency of binaural beats that appears
to bring about improved cognitive
functioning at the level of memory
improved reaction times and improved
verbal recall
seems to be 40 hertz. You might try
listening to binaural beats for about 30
minutes while doing something else and
then maybe eating lunch or something of
that sort or taking a walk and then
going into the workout because remember
the moment that you start listening to
these binaural beats the brain doesn't
immediately switch into a particular
pattern of oscillation or brain waves it
takes some time. So again, 40 Hz
binaural beats, many many apps, many
YouTube scripts out there, probably
other resources for binaural beats.
Hopefully zero cost so you can access
those without any um need to to shell
out any money. Some of you out there
might be craving a little bit more
mechanism by which binaural beats can
influence things like focus or reduced
reaction time. This has actually been
explored. This 40 hertz binaural beats
pattern seems to have an effect on
what's called strrial dopamine. That
dopamine release leads to heightened
levels of motivation and focus. Why
motivation and focus? Well, dopamine is
actually the substrate by which
epinephrine is made. Dopamine, the
molecule, is actually converted into
epinephrine, adrenaline. And they work
together like close cousins, dopamine
and epinephrine, in order to put us on a
path of movement or if we are doing work
of mental movement toward a goal. So
that's a little bit of mechanistic meat
to explain at least part of the reason
why 40 hertz binaural beats can enhance
our focus, reduce our reaction times,
and improve indeed learning and memory.
Next, I'd like to talk about two aspects
of optimizing workspace that will come
up at some point in your work or school
life. The first one is interruptions.
There's a simple method that I learned
from my graduate adviser that works
very, very well. What she would do was
if I came by and asked a question or if
anyone came by and asked a question, she
would acknowledge their presence but
would not shift her body toward them.
So, she purposely did not position her
computer facing the door, which I think
is a deadly uh or I should say deadly to
focus way of positioning your workspace.
So, her computer was facing the wall.
The door was uh perpendicular to that.
And I would come by and I say, "I have a
question." And she would say, "Yes." So
she would acknowledge my presence but
she wouldn't actually orient her body
toward me which told me that this
conversation was not going to last very
long and no matter how long I stood
there or what I asked she would never
orient toward me which generally kept
these conversations very very short. The
other approach which um I confess uh
colleagues of mine have used before um
not necessarily at Stanford but
elsewhere is to um simply say no to
everything that somebody requests or
comes by. So if someone would knock on
the door, they would just shout no
through the door. Or if someone would
say, "Can I bother you for a second?"
They would say no. Or if someone would
say, "I have something I want to tell
you." They would just say no. And they
would just continue doing this until the
person went away. That was actually very
effective. These were some of the most
productive people I know. Not always the
kindest people, but some of them were
very kind. So is it better to sit or is
it better to stand when doing work? At
least as it relates to focus and
productivity. And the answer is both.
There have been a number of systematic
studies exploring what are called sitst
stand desks. So these are desks that can
be set to a height that makes standing
the best practice and then they can be
lowered to a height that makes sitting
the best practice or the easiest
practice I should say. And it turns out
that just sitting is terrible for us.
Okay? And there's an enormous number of
studies out there that point to the fact
that people who sit for five or six or
seven hours a day doing work have all
sorts of issues related to sleep, neck
pain, cognition suffers, their number of
cardiovascular effects, even digestion.
There may even actually be some almost
pressure effects on the pelvic floor and
things of that sort depending on the
chairs that one uses. but that people
who stand are in a slightly better
situation where many of those health
metrics improve. But that people that do
a combination of sitting and standing at
the same desk throughout the day or move
from one desk to another if they don't
have a combination sit stand desk that's
going to be best. Now, what's
interesting if you look at the
scientific literature is that people who
decreased their sitting time by about
half each day showed incredibly
significant effects on reduced neck and
shoulder pain, increase in subjective
health, vitality in workrelated
environments, and perhaps most
importantly for sake of today's discussion,
discussion,
improvement in cognitive conditioning
and the ability to embrace new tasks and
cognitive performance. What happens if
we just stand? Well, that can also
generate some postural issues in terms
of stabilization and fatigue. That said,
most everybody, at least in the US, is
not getting sufficient cardiovascular
exercise or movement throughout the day.
And standing at one's desk can improve
some of those health metrics and again
can improve productivity probably
because of those postural effects that I
talked about earlier. I have to say
after now about 10 years of working at a
sitst stand desk, I find I can't sit for
too long before I want to stand. And my
standing balance can be anywhere from 30
minutes to 2 hours, although two hours
would be a little bit long. And then I
catch myself kind of leaning on the desk
off to the side. So again, the idea is
to stand but not be leaning on the desk.
Obviously, if you're typing or you're
writing, there'll be some leaning
involved, but that's what the literature
support. So, we've been discussing
workspace optimization with the
understanding that you're not always
going to work in the same place every
day. What I've tried to do is give you a
set of high potency tools that can
improve your focus and cognition and to
place that within a framework for
particular kinds of work. Let's just
review some of the basic elements of
what we've covered today. First of all,
in the first part of your day, that 0 to
nine hours after waking, you want bright
lights, especially overhead lights, as
bright as you can keep them without
feeling uncomfortable or certainly not
without feeling any pain in your eyes or
elsewhere in your body. Bright lights
will make for the maximum state of
alertness. And if you can, try and place
whatever it is you're focusing on at
least at nose level or above. Try and
avoid reclining. Try and stand for at
least half of your workday. That's a
good goal and it may take some time to
work up to that goal. In addition, if
you're going to use sound as a stimulus
for increasing focus and alertness, try
and avoid exposure to white noise, pink
noise, or brown noise for extended
periods of time for more than an hour or
so. That might actually be damaging to
the auditory system and at the very
least is kind of stressful even though
you might not notice it. It's kind of a
background level of anxiety and stress
that is not going to serve you well.
Rather, if you're going to pursue
particular types of sound frequencies,
consider using 40 Hz binaural beats, not
monoral beats, but 40 Hz binaural beats
done during a particular workout or for
30 minutes prior to that workout. I
would not rely on binaural beats all the
time every day. I think that could cause
them to lose their potency just because
of the way the auditory system
attenuates. Some other things that you
could do in order to improve your
workplace performance would be to
consider the cathedral effect. If you're
going to do analytic work for any part
of the day, phase one or phase two as I
describe them, but really in any time of
day, that detailed analytic work for
which there is a correct answer, then
try and get into an environment with a
relatively low ceiling. If you don't
have access to a low ceiling
environment, you might consider using a
brimmed hat or even a hoodie or or even
just facing down or even putting your
hand above uh above your eyes as you
will as a at the level of your of your
eyebrows. In contrast, if you're
interested in doing brainstorming,
creative work, you're writing new
things, you're creating new things of
any kind, artwork, consider getting into
a high ceiling or no ceiling
environment. Or if you're wearing a
brimmed hat or you're wearing a hoodie,
maybe peel that back. Now, of course,
there are an enormous number of other
things that you can do to improve work
performance and productivity, and I've
talked about those in previous episodes.
In particular, in the episode on focus
and the episode on motivation, there are
supplements you can take that can
increase dopamine, for instance. There
are tools that you can use to increase
your focus. For instance, focusing your
visual attention on one location for 30
to 60 seconds prior to entering a
focused work bout. I do want to
acknowledge again the fact that I
realize people are showing up to this
challenge of workspace optimization with
different budgets with different
constraints. Some people have kids at
home. There are a lot of interruptions,
some people do not.
Nonetheless, I hope that the information
I was able to provide today will allow
you to make subtle or maybe even drastic
rearrangements in your workspace
environment. There's one other point
related to that that I did not cover and
that I'd like to cover just briefly,
which is that there's nothing to say
that you have to always work in the same
location all the time. You can move from
house to cafe if that works for you. You
can move from office to home. You can
also move from different locations
within your home. Once again, thank you
for joining me for this discussion about
the science and peer-reviewed literature
on workspace optimization. I hope some
if not all of the tools will be
beneficial for you. And as always, thank
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