Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis Animation | yel vidz | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis Animation
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a constant source of blood glucose is an
absolute requirement for human life that
is why the body develop mechanisms for
storing a supply of glucose in a rapidly
mobilizable form namely glycogen these
mechanisms are glycogenesis the
conversion of glucose to glycogen for
storage and glycogenolysis the
conversion of glycogen back to glucose for
utilization let's first discuss
glycogenesis which is composed of four
steps step one the synthesis of uin
diphosphate glucose it is synthesized
from glucose 1 phosphate and urine
triphosphate acted upon by the enzyme
UDP glucose pyrophosphate forming now
your uin th phosphate
glucose step two synthesis of a primer
to initiate glycogen synthesis since
adding UDP glucose and other glucose
molecules to elongate the chain via
glycogen synthes cannot occur a primer
should be first
formed a protein called glycogenin can
serve as an acceptor of glucose residues
from UDP glucose glycogen in itself can
catalyze this reaction because it is an
enzyme just add few more molecules of
glucose from UDP glucose producing a
short alpha1 14 link glucos Cil chain
that can serve as a primer that is able
to be elongated by glycogen synthase
step three elongation of glycogen chains
you can now add molecules of glucose
from UDP glucose at the non-reducing end
to elongate the chain via glycogen
synthase it is the enzyme responsible
for making the alpha1 14 linkages in
glycogen step four formation of branches
the branches are made by the action of
the enzyme Amo alpha1 14 to Alpha one6
trans glucosidase it removes a set of 6
to8 glucos residues from the non
reducing end of the glycogen chain
breaking an alpha1 14 Bond and attaches
it to a non-terminal glucos residue by
an alpha one6 linkage resulting to a new
non-reducing end you can now repeat step
three and four to form a highly branched
polysaccharide named glycogen now let's
go to glycogenolysis which is composed
of Three Steps step one shortening of
chains the enzyme glycogen phosphor cves
alpha1 14 glycosidic bonds between
glucos Cil residues at non-reducing ends
until four glucos Cil units remain on
each chain before a branch point the
remaining structure is called limit
extreme and phosphor cannot degrade it
further step two removal of branches the
branches are removed by the debranching
enzyme first it removes the outer three
of the four glucosyl residues attached
at a branch next is it transfers them to
the non-reducing end of another chain
length the remaining glucose residue
attached in an alpha one6 linkage is
still removed by the debranching enzyme
releasing it as free
glucose this glucos Cil chain is now
available again for degradation via the
phosphor step three conversion of
glucose 1 phosphate to glucose 6 phosphate
phosphate
since the glucose released by glycogen
phosphor is still in the glucose one
phosphate form it has to be converted
phosphoglucomutase in the liver glucose
6 phosphate is transported into the the
endoplasmic reticulum by glucose 6 phosphate
phosphate
translocates here the glucose 6
phosphate is converted to glucose via
glucose 6
phosphatase hepatocytes release this
glycogen derived glucose into the blood
to help maintain blood glucose
levels however in the muscles glucose 6
phosphate cannot be sent into the blood
because of the lack in the enzyme glucos
6 phosphatase instead it enters
glycolysis providing The energy needed
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