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✅✅✅La INDEPENDENCIA de EEUU - La Revolución Americana✅✅✅
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Today we are going to study the American Revolution
we will learn how 13 British colonies
rebelled and founded the United States of
America we are going to look at a history that
combines discontent over the payment of
taxes struggles for
parliamentary representation and systematic mistreatment of
the natives today we are going to understand why
this historical episode happened how it
developed and what its
consequences were welcome to Daniela the device
while Spain had colonized
much of south central America
Great Britain had to be
content with the coastal area of
North America this area did not have gold
silver gems or great wealth but it did have
tremendously fertile soil perfect
for agriculture this encouraged them to become
become
eminently agricultural colonies for a
time everything was fine for the colonists they
barely paid taxes and the
British government turned a blind eye when they
attacked the Indians to expel them and
steal their lands but relations
between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain
began to become cloudy when
the French and Indian War broke out in which Great
Britain and France fought They faced each other for
control of North America during this
war Great Britain did not send too many
soldiers and the colonists played a
fundamental role since in addition to the
soldiers of the army they also
fought against the French
but defending North America cost
the British very dearly the
military expenses were tremendous so the
British parliament wanted to find a
solution on the one hand they would seek peace
with the Indians being able to reduce
military expenses since they would not be in
continuous war and on the other hand they would raise
taxes in the 13 colonies so that it
would be the North Americans themselves
who paid for the costs of the army
that protected them how to achieve peace with
the Indians because through the
proclamation act a law that prevented
further colonization so the
British government decided that this
could not continue the 13 colonies
could not grow any more the
Indian territories east of the
Appalachian Mountains would be respected and forts would be built on
the border to ensure that there would
be no more fighting and it would be
the 13 colonies that would pay for this
military detachment this
greatly upset the colonists but to
understand how deep It was their anger we
must understand it was the population of
the 13 colonies the settlers were
farmers the lands of North America
were very fertile so from the
beginning of colonization tens of
thousands of people had emigrated with the
idea of becoming farmers and that
immigration continued the population
had reached 2 million
people and was increasing two million
people who abandoned everything in
Europe to go to America and farm but
how to get land in a place that
was already inhabited by the Indians well it
is clear by killing the Indians that it had not
occurred to you because the
English settlers if since its beginnings the
British colonization had consisted
of the systematic attack on the Indians
stealing their lands the Indians
had no place within the 13 colonies
or they left or were massacred and with
the new law this ended
in England there was a liberal political model
that had continued to be replicated on a
small scale in the colonies on the
island after the English Revolution the
monarch had lost absolute power
and a parliamentary political system had developed
the parliament
elected by The nobles and bourgeoisie had
become the legislative power that
made the laws. This system had been
copied on a small scale in the
colonies. Each of the thirteen colonies
had a small legislative chamber in
which the richest colonists voted. They did not
have much power but they could make
some local laws such as
to control the buying and selling of
products or the fencing of lands and
although nobody knew this yet, these
legislative chambers would be
essential to organize the rebellion
and in addition the colonists barely paid
taxes at least much less than the
British in Europe. In the modern age,
states could not be financed as
easily as they do today. Applying
taxes was very difficult since there was no
management capacity to
apply taxes such as VAT or
income taxes. So in general, only
land ownership or
products that had to go through a
large warehouse such as cereals, coal,
fabrics or things like that could be delayed. Then
the collectors could go calculate the
total amount of the product and apply a
tax. Colonial powers such as
Great Britain, Spain, and Holland created
laws to force trade
between their colonies and the rest of the world
had to be carried out in ships of their
own nationality and through the
metropolis, that is to say if an English settler
grew cotton in Virginia and wanted to
sell it, it had to leave
on British ships
that had to stop in an
English port where
tax collectors would easily apply
export tariffs
before allowing the cotton to be
sold to any other European country, which
in turn would apply import tariffs.
The same happened in reverse if that
settler wanted to buy Spanish wine,
he had to pay export tariffs,
travel to England where they would
apply import tariffs and
from there he would travel to America. This
system made imports and
exports very expensive since
in addition to the trip, taxes had to be paid
when leaving and entering each country. It
was an easy system to control by
requiring all merchandise to pass
through the ports of the metropolis,
nothing escaped the collectors and these
tariffs were basically the only
taxes that the settlers paid but
the reality was that most of them didn't
even pay
to avoid them they continually bought and
sold products through
smugglers' ships that brought
products in and out without going through England so
the reality was that the British
barely received taxes from the 13
colonies and since
tax revenues were insufficient the
British government decided to start taxing more
products the colonists would have to pay
began by applying taxes to
molasses sugar since
large barrels were transported it could
pass easily and then
taxes were applied to stamped paper
which made its price very expensive until
then they had not been able to vote in the
English parliament but since they barely
paid taxes it did not hurt them
too much but now that their
taxes were being raised they considered they
demanded to be able to vote there in the
English parliament
in the British parliament the vast
majority of the deputies were English nobles and
bourgeoisie so they
basically approved laws that
benefited them and England they had already been
forced to give up seats
to the Welsh and the Scots and they thought
that if they allowed the Americans to sit too
the Irish would also want representation Indians
or even Africans and in the end they would
lose their absolute majority and
England would cease to be the great
beneficiary of this unequal political system.
The tax increase generated
enormous discontent
the slogan no taxation without
representation became very popular and they demanded
parliamentary representation beyond
their insignificant colonial assemblies
the colonists began to demonstrate and
boycott English products
avoiding at all costs buying
goods that had been
taxed. The colonial assemblies
elected a group of representatives and
sent them to London where they went to
the British Parliament. Benjamin
Franklin expressed his discontent and
Parliament accepted by repealing the
taxes but their joy was short-lived. The
following year
new taxes began to be approved a law was passed that
forced the 13 colonies to house
feed and supply the
British army. New
taxes on glass, lead, paint,
paper and tea were also approved and
customs controls were strengthened to prevent
more smuggled merchandise from entering. Discontent
among the colonists increased and in In this
context the so called woodland massacre took place
a group of protesters were protesting against
the increase in taxes in front of a group
of British soldiers there came a time when they
began to throw garbage
pieces of wood and ice at the
British and one of them slipped and
fell according to one version as he fell his
rifle went off and the rest of the soldiers
thinking they were being shot opened
fire on the crowd but according to another
version as he got up he shot on purpose and
the others followed him they called it the
Boston massacre although only
five people died but of course every story
needs its epic and this story was
twisted and exaggerated I know throughout the
thirteen colonies just a year later in
Boston in protest against the taxes
the British Tea Party took place a group of
Indians boarded a ship and threw all
the merchandise into the sea ruining the it is
difficult to know if the colonists believed
that the British were going to swallow the
lie that it had been the natives
when there were not even natives
living in the city of Boston
if in reality they were showing that
endemic contempt towards the
native peoples making a mockery of them but
the truth is that the British knew
that it had been them, the colonists, and they
began to retaliate. They
then passed what Americans
call the Intolerable Acts, a
set of five laws by
which from then on, Great Britain would
directly elect the politicians of
Massachusetts, which was where
Boston was located. They could also
transfer trials to Great Britain
so that any accused would be
tried and imprisoned in Europe where
a much harsher trial would await them.
They also ordered the port of
Boston to be closed until all the tea
thrown into the sea was paid for. And finally,
the colonists were forced to house the soldiers in
their homes if necessary. The
unrest in the thirteen colonies increased
even more so the small parliaments
of the thirteen colonies decided to get together
to decide.
Each of them chose a few
representatives and they met in the
first continental congress. In which they
agreed to boycott all
British products and wrote a petition to the
king and seeing him repeal the
Intolerable Acts their strategy was to
promise loyalty to the king while
denying the authority of the
british parliament since they were not
represented in it deep down
many north american colonists still wanted to
remain part of great britain
but demanded equal treatment or
be represented in the
london parliament or have their own
parliament in which they could pass
their own laws if the king had
accepted surely
the war would have been avoided but the request went unanswered
a few months later they
met again in the second continental congress
and meanwhile there were already two tendencies
among the colonists those who wanted to continue
living under the protection of the
british crown but changing their situation and
those who already directly advocated
separating for independence and
then the second continental congress
began to test various measures the
first was that it was mandatory to
like and subscribe to this channel because what a
cool video it has been
good this maybe I made it up but i
'm sure that's what they thought
so like and subscribe what they did
approve was the formation of
civil governments outside of royal control
and the creation of a continental army
led by george
washington these These actions were
clearly illegal and were clear
signs of rebellion anticipating what
some considered inevitable and others
desirable numerous colonists began
purchasing and stockpiling weapons and ammunition
while thousands more organized into
militias a war was brewing
when the British discovered
illegal gunpowder magazines they
began seizing them and in the town
of Lexington a group of colonists
confronted them shooting the
British had to retreat to
Boston while being
pursued by colonists who
set up ambushes along the
way upon reaching the city the
British had nearly 200 dead
wounded and over 50 soldiers
captured the war had begun [Music]
For the next few months the
situation was very tense throughout North America
North America
the British were not expecting a
rebellion and had so few troops that they
had to withdraw them to just a few
towns while the rebellion spread throughout the countryside
the armed colonists who called
themselves patriots launched an attack
on the British colonies in Canada
they thought that if they could take the north
the British would end up surrendering without
waging a real war their
attack was not a failure but it was not a
success either since they managed to take Montreal
but not tb and in the south the attack of the
Americans against Boston caused
the British to abandon the
city in Great Britain they began to
prepare their army but with the
winter in between they could not send
reinforcements until the spring of the
following year letting a few months slip away that
were fundamental for George
Washington to recruit and train an
army capable of standing up to him
when the following spring the
British fleet arrived the general
took New York without difficulty and
prepared to regain control of the rest
of the territories
but the second continental congress
would be convened and in view of the latest events
events
a few days later it approved the declaration
of independence [Laughter]
[Laughter]
but in addition to a war between Great
Britain and the North American colonists it was
a civil war because not
all the colonists were in favor of
independence those who fought for
it were called the patriots
while those who fought in favor of
staying united with Great Britain
were called The patriots
were more numerous they were better organized and
took much more decisive action in
pursuing the loyalists humiliating
them publicly and even arresting
them on the other hand most of the
indians fought for the british
because they knew that if the americans
gained independence they would ignore
the proclamation act and continue
expanding westward which
meant they would continue to
expel or massacre them
general joe and from a plan from new
york would advance north while
the british army of canada marched
south in order to isolate
the rebel territory in two they could
then put down the north and focus
on reconquering the south but joe wrote
to great britain asking for permission it
took them weeks to respond he then
wrote again proposing some
changes and the response was again too late
late
this slowness caused him to lose four
precious months any general knows
that in war time is money and the
british had just given away
precious time to the americans
finally when the campaign began the
americans had managed to gather
twice as many troops when the
the british news spread like wildfire and
reached europe convincing britain's
european enemies that it
was time to settle old scores
france and spain were going to
go into action [Music]
[Music]
france had lost canada during the
seven years war and spain wanted to
recover gibraltar and menorca which they had
lost to the british
during the war of succession if they
defeated great britain they would have a
chance to recover what they
considered theirs so first
france and then spain entered the
war on behalf of the americans
great britain found itself attacked in
north america in the caribbean in all
european waters in gibraltar in menorca and
its army and navy were not
enough meanwhile almost all
european countries
practiced smuggling with the
americans who thus obtained all
kinds of weapons and money
seeing that they could not face a
war on so many fronts from great
britain they launched a new offer to
end the war they would grant
all their demands both on their
political representation and on
taxes but it was too late
the american elites only
wanted independence the british
were overwhelmed by an unforeseen
global war they then decided to attack
virgilio part of the troops were
displaced by sea while others
marched on foot there meeting
with reinforcements arrived from new
york in the small town of georgetown
here the most decisive battle of the
entire war was fought the battle of georgetown
there the french fleet cornered the
british by hands and the
franco american army far superior in
number cornered them murcians so it was
impossible for them to break the siege
surrounded and with no possibility of escape
the british army surrendered with
most of its army captured and
with the french and spanish harassment throughout
the world
the british realized that they
could not win the war and focused on
trying to defend their other possessions
like gibraltar the caribbean islands or
india finally the following year great
britain recognized the independence of the
[Music]
Independence served as an example to
other countries from a geostrategic point of view.
Spain made a big mistake by helping the
United States because Latin America saw
that it was possible to become independent from the
mother country and a few decades later
also semantics. At the time of
independence, the 13 colonies did not
form a single country but were
three states, thirteen countries united in a
confederation that had a
common army led by George
Washington. It was not until a few years
later when the feeling of
unity grew and finally in
1787 all the states agreed to join
into a single country, an agreement that they ratified
by signing the US Constitution.
[Music] [Laughter]
[Laughter] [Applause]
Well, not all because Vermont was an
independent state until four
years later it also decided to join. The
Constitution included many of the ideas
of the Enlightenment, such as the division of
powers. The United States had the first
liberal constitution in history, a
democratic constitution that guaranteed
the rights of its inhabitants. Some
historians say that the
first liberal state was founded. first
modern democracy although well this is
quite nuanced in theory the
Americans had gained independence
because the British did not let them
vote, they excluded them from the
parliamentary system so in theory they were going to
create a fair or democratic system in which
all Americans
were represented no well no they
also imposed
census suffrage only the rich could vote
just like in England women
who are half the population
could not vote and now comes the best and I
say the best because from this
moment on everything begins to be tremendously
murky the very few natives who lived
within the us and I say very few not
because originally there were no natives
living there but because they had already been
massacred or expelled well these
natives could not vote they did not have the
right to vote it did not matter how rich they
were they did not even have
nationality they lived in a kind of
legal limbo in which they could do little
more than live poorly all this became even
crueler when the us began to
expand towards the west already freed
from the british they ignored the
proclamation act and conquered the west
sometimes declaring war on the
indians sometimes without declaring it
organizing authentic massacres worthy
of being called genocide and in other
cases organizing their deportation from
the fertile lands of the east to the arid lands
of the west and there in the
middle of nowhere with no water and with
practically nothing to grow
the natives in reservations
like the natives, blacks
were not recognized as citizens but
in addition they were placed one step
below allowing
slavery to continue a slavery that would last 70
more years until it was abolished in
1865 when globally all
western countries were abolishing it
and finally we must mention a mini
consequence that affected Spain and that is
that as a result of the war against
Great Britain
Spain managed to recover Menorca [Music]
[Music]
but the siege of Gibraltar failed and it was not recovered
if you liked the video share it with
your friends if you want to know more about
geography and history take a look at the
other videos on the channel and if you are a teacher
you have very interesting things for your
students and I also recommend you take
a look at my other channel focused on
secondary school exams
thank you very much and greetings [Music]
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