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Alien Worlds: The Search for Earth 2.0 | Space Documentary
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[Music] can you believe it [Music] can you realize that we that you and I that all of us [Music] actually begun the exploration of another world come with us Life as We Know It took birth some 4 billion years ago [Music] the emergence of the first ever cell was a Monumental event in the history of life on Earth it marked the beginning of a journey that would take billions of years to unfold and that would eventually lead to the incredible diversity of species that we see today this first cell was a small but vital step towards the eventual evolution of complex organisms it was made up of proteins the essential building blocks of life and it had just a handful of crucial functions that allowed it to survive and replicate even though it was incredibly basic in its design this first cell was where it all started good As Time passed the Earth's conditions changed and this provided the impetus for life to evolve and flourish in new and exciting ways and as the temperature of the planet gradually cooled the atmosphere became richer in oxygen providing the ideal conditions for new forms of life to emerge over time these simple organisms evolved into more complex forms and the diversity of life on Earth grew exponentially today the diversity and complexity of life on Earth is truly staggering from the earliest bacteria to the largest whales each new species has brought something unique to the table helping to shape the world around them in countless ways the animal kingdom is full of fascinating creatures with remarkable abilities that allow them to survive in their respective habitats bats possess the remarkable ability to echolocate a skill that allows them to effortlessly navigate through the darkness and hunt with pinpoint accuracy cheetahs can run at mind-boggling speeds of up to 60 miles an hour making them one of the fastest animals on the planet [Music] and then there are koalas who move at a glacial Pace spending up to 18 hours a day sleeping as they conserve their precious energy a unique strategy that allows them to survive on a diet that is low in calories and it's just one example of the ingenious ways that nature has evolved to overcome the challenges of survival but perhaps the most remarkable species of All Is Us humans unlike other animals we have the ability to use our brains to invent and create things that transform the world around us we have harnessed the power of fire created language and built civilizations that span the globe from the wheel to the smartphone and even sent people to space humans have constantly pushed the boundaries of what's possible while we've made incredible discoveries about our own world and the universe around us a central question has fascinated us for centuries are we alone in this universe [Music] with billions or even trillions of galaxies in the universe each with its own unique set of stars and planetary systems the odds of Earth being the only planet capable of supporting life seen vanishingly remote the idea that life might exist beyond Earth has captured the imaginations of scientists philosophers and storytellers for centuries and with each passing year our understanding of the universe grows bringing us even closer to answering this age-old question as we continue to discover more about the cosmos we learned that there could be countless other planets that could potentially Harbor life with conditions that are similar to Earth these planets could have a stable environment complex geology flowing water and the necessary conditions to support Life as We Know It it's a tantalizing thought that there could be other creatures out there perhaps even intelligent ones who are wondering the same thing we are so far the universe remains silent leaving Humanity to wonder if we are truly alone are we being observed are extraterrestrials avoiding us through the utilization of countless telescopes on Earth and in space each painstakingly scouring the vast expanse of the universe for even the slightest indication of a planet capable of supporting life we find ourselves edging ever nearer to an elusive answer [Music] every life form needs a planet to live but how many planets are there in the universe one of the earliest modern day attempts to answer this question was made by the astronomer Frank Drake in the early 1960s using a radio telescope in Green Bank West Virginia he set his sights on two nearby Stars Epsilon eridani an orange star just 10.5 light years away and Tau seti a yellow star about three-quarters the size and mass of our sun with his expertise Drake postulated that signs of alien intelligence could potentially be streaming bias in the form of radio signals he formulated an equation that sought to estimate the number of planets with intelligent life in our galaxy alone through his calculations he arrived at a conservative estimate of four thousand such planets in the Milky Way fast forward six decades Searchers have checked and rechecked Epsilon eridani taucetti and many other nearby Stars and so far they've found no repeating messages or anomalous signals however with the advancement of Technology we continue to increase our estimation of the number of potentially habitable planets in the known universe today the estimate of this figure has increased by a gazillion it is now believed that there could be more planets than stars in the Milky Way galaxy with potentially at least one planet per star there could be up to a million billion trillion planets in the entire universe this mind-boggling number opens up the possibility that there could be countless Earth-like planets out there with a rocky surface atmosphere and liquid water making them Prime candidates for the development of life astronomers posit that when a solar system is formed the early star produces a strong solar wind that blows away most of the lighter gases in the inner part of the solar system leaving only the denser Rocky material this allows these materials to come together and form small rocky planets like Earth on the other hand gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn form farther out in the solar system where the solar wind was not strong enough to blow away the lighter gases this allows the gas giants to grow much larger and accumulate large amounts of gas and Ice resulting in their massive size compared to Rocky inner planets to understand what is happening on the surface of these planets to find out if these worlds are or can be inhabited astronomers use their most powerful telescopes to scrutinize the sky the square kilometer array the largest radio telescope in the world it boasts the capability of a collecting area of one square kilometer Green Bank Observatory located in Virginia the green Bank telescope is the world's largest fully steerable radio telescope and the elt currently being built in Chile the extremely large telescope will be the world's most advanced telescope ever built and in space thanks to The Cutting Edge telescopes like the Kepler space telescope and Tess astronomers have discovered more than 5 000 planets outside our solar system scientists call them exoplanets many of them have been found that exist within the Goldilocks zone the region around a star where it is warm enough for water to flow where the temperature is just right for Life as we know it not too hot and not too cold many of them that lie hundreds of light years away have been detected using the transit method an indirect method wherein scientists track the minuscule dimness of the star when a planet eclipses its light when astronomers detect this dip in light levels they found a new planet highly upgraded telescopes now allow detection if the light of the star has been dimmed by a factor of a thousandth by using and analyzing the spectrum of the star's light before during and after the transit scientists can determine how the planet's atmosphere affects the Starlight passing through it this analysis provides valuable information about the planet's composition including what gases make up its atmosphere and whether or not it has a rocky surface using these astronomical methods scientists have been able to explore and study the chemical compositions of numerous exoplanets in our galaxy and Beyond and what they have found is truly astonishing some exoplanets have been found to contain high levels of heavy elements such as carbon oxygen and nitrogen the very elements that are essential for Life as we know it to exist but that's not all in recent years scientists have also discovered a number of exoplanets that share striking similarities to our own planet close your eyes and imagine looking up at the night sky and seeing a faint reddish star shining back at you [Music] you may not know it but that star is the home to the closest exoplanet to our own and it's a world that could potentially Harbor Life as We Know It this is Proxima Centauri B the closest exoplanet to home Earth's twin as suggested by data how would life adapt to such a world [Music] located 4.2 light years away from Earth the Alpha Centauri system a triple star system is home to Proxima Centauri a tiny red dwarf star it orbits around a pair of sun-like stars Alpha Centauri A and B and right there nestled in the habitable zone of its star is Proxima Centauri B the gem of this star system Proxima B orbits its star at a distance of just 4.6 million miles this is incredibly close just five percent of the distance between the Earth and the Sun and even closer than the distance between Mercury and the Sun however since Proxima Centauri is only one-tenth of the size of our sun the star's habitable zone is much closer to it but the Goldilocks zone being so close to the star's surface also has its drawbacks due to the planet's close proximity to its star it becomes tidally locked one side of the planet is always facing the star a scorching desert while the other side is forever dark exposed to the cold vacuum of space this could make it difficult for life to find a foothold such temperature extremes on Proxima Centauri B make it hard for life to exist but there may be hope in the Twilight Zone where the light and dark sides meet the temperature is just right making it a potential Haven for Life between scorched Earth and eternal winter it is in these conditions that life may be able to adapt and thrive astronomers discovered Proxima B in 2016 using the radial velocity method they detected a tiny star wobbling slightly in a small circle this subtle movement was caused by the gravitational pull of a nearby planet and upon closer investigation they identified the planet as Proxima Centauri B [Music] after careful study and Analysis of the exoplanet it became clear that Proxima b as it was named was strikingly similar to Earth in fact the planet scored an impressive 0.87 ESI which is a measure of its similarity to Earth this score takes into account various factors such as the planet's size mass temperature and density based on these factors scientists estimate that Proxima Centauri B is 87 Earth-like making it a promising candidate for extraterrestrial life but despite its high ESI score much about the planet remains unknown including whether or not it has an atmosphere the star at orbits Proxima Centauri is a highly active Red Dwarf flare star which means that the planet is constantly bombarded with intense Stellar Wind pressures over 2 000 times greater than what Earth experiences from the solar wind these conditions raise the possibility that the planet's atmosphere could have been Stripped Away over time leaving it Barren exposed to the harsh conditions of space and inhospitable to life on Proxima B where the threat of solar flares and intense winds could be a daily occurrence life may have found a way to survive by taking refuge in the depths of its oceans on Earth we've already discovered life that can withstand intense radiation by utilizing specialized adaptations Coral polyps have evolved to produce fluorescent proteins that block excessive sunlight effectively neutralizing the detrimental effects of ultraviolet light in Shallow Waters they can glow brilliant pink and purple at night creating a stunning spectacle models show that it's possible with the right conditions that Proxima B could actually withstand such levels of radiation a robust and strong magnetosphere could potentially redirect the Stellar winds to the planet's poles creating spectacular auroras that would be many times greater in size and Luminosity than those experienced on Earth if this holds true it's possible that life on Proxima B could resemble life here on Earth in unexpected ways its surface would likely be much warmer than Earth's average temperature creating conditions that could support life scientists suspect that any life forms on the planet would likely resemble those found here on Earth as the principles of evolution are considered a universal law of nature just like gravity evolutionary convergence is a process by which unrelated species can evolve similar adaptations to similar environmental challenges meaning that life on other planets might look surprisingly familiar to us the evolution of Life on any planet is a delicate balance between beneficial and harmful changes even on Earth where life has flourished for billions of years the vast majority of species that ever existed have gone extinct however some life forms have managed to persist and Thrive and some have even evolved into incredibly complex organisms flight is a great example of this in an environment filled with fluid-like water one can either float if they're lighter than the fluid or use wings to fly aerodynamically and generate lift for example the wings of bats birds and insects all serve the same purpose but they've evolved independently of each other similarly if two exoplanets have identical conditions such as temperature atmospheric pressure and access to water it's possible that life could arise on both planets and evolve in similar ways to adapt to their environments so if Proxima B supports life and there's a high chance at least to some degree that it may resemble life on Earth Additionally the presence of similar conditions on exoplanets could also lead to the development of similar biochemistry for example life on Earth is based on carbon and it's possible that life on exoplanets could also be based on carbon if the conditions on those planets are like those on Earth but most carbon-based life forms like those on earth have their own set of limitations carbon compounds have lower melting and boiling points which can make it difficult for organisms to survive in extreme environments like the scorching heat near a star or the freezing cold of deep space [Music] so what if life on an alien planet has adapted so well to its condition that it's become extremely resilient and can survive even the most extreme conditions is it possible that life in the universe may take on forms that are vastly different from what we know and understand [Music] close your eyes and imagine a world where the ocean stretches across the entire planet a world where the water is so hot that it could boil twice as quickly as it does on Earth yet the water doesn't boil away due to the intense pressure created by the atmosphere which is almost 10 times stronger than Earth's this is a hycian planet k218b located about 124 light years away from us it's a world where only the fittest can survive [Music] of the thousands of exoplanets discovered within the last 30 years this really caught the scientists attention on August 26 2021 scientists claimed that they had identified a new class of planets planets which are up to three times the size of Earth can have a mass 8 to 10 times that of Earth scorching temperatures up to 200 degrees Celsius thick hydrogen atmospheres and planet-wide oceans hundreds of miles deep they call them piscean worlds k218b is one such piscean world and scientists believe it resides in the habitable zone of its star such planets because of their size allow for a much wider habitable zone compared to earth-sized planets this means that even if they're situated much further from their host Sons they could still support life similar to Proxima b a vast majority of these hycian planets are tidally locked which implies that one side of the planet always faces its host star while the other side remains shrouded in Perpetual Darkness offering life little chance for survival on the Terminator line however k218b distinguishes itself from the rest as the Hubble Space Telescope has already confirmed the presence of water Vapors in its atmosphere this groundbreaking discovery marks the first time water has been detected on any exoplanet the presence of water on K2 18b makes it a prime candidate for the search for extraterrestrial life as it's a crucial ingredient for the evolution of Life as We Know It but despite the planet's surface temperature being a comfortable 10 degrees Celsius its hydrogen-rich atmosphere causes the temperature and pressure to increase as you descend deeper into its depths at the rocky core the pressure is expected to be thousands of times higher than that of Earth's surface with temperatures that can approach a scorching 5000 degrees Fahrenheit these conditions make it difficult for complex molecules to form leaving scientists to ponder how life could adapt to such an extreme world while many of the Prime heisian candidates identified by researchers are bigger and hotter than k218b they are believed to still have the characteristics to host large oceans that could support microbial life similar to that found in some of Earth's most extreme watery environments it's truly fascinating to realize how life can Thrive even in such extreme conditions surprisingly on Earth highly resistant microbes such as tardigrades have managed to withstand such harsh conditions tardigrades also known as water bears for example can even manage to live without water for up to 10 years these organisms known as extremophiles can survive and flourish in extreme conditions such as high crushing pressure acidic or alkaline conditions and scorching temperatures such forms of Life as We Know It are present at hydrothermal vents in the earth's oceans these vents are places where the sea floor meets magma from the Earth's mantle superheating the surrounding water and creating a harsh inhospitable environment yet even here life finds a way and at these vents thriving communities of bacteria crabs and tube worms can be found there water temperatures can reach up to 464 degrees Celsius but instead of vaporizing the water remains liquid thanks to the pressure of the rest of the ocean bearing down on it in fact some scientists even believe that life on Earth actually started in hydrothermal vents it's surprising to think that the same extreme conditions that could wipe out most life on Earth might be responsible for the very existence of life itself these remarkable organisms come in many different types and can survive in some of the harshest environments on Earth and possibly Beyond heat resistant organisms known as thermophiles are able to survive at temperatures of up to 120 degrees Celsius well above the boiling point of water such similar organisms might be able to survive on hot exoplanets such as hycin worlds where temperatures can exceed one thousand degrees Celsius acidophiles are organisms that can survive in acidic environments with a pH of 3 or lower hypoliths live underneath rocks in deserts where they are exposed to extreme temperatures high levels of ultraviolet radiation and dryness to survive they rely on unique adaptations such as using photosynthesis or breaking down minerals in rocks for energy radio resistant organisms such as danococcus radio durans are able to withstand high levels of radiation they are known as the world's toughest bacterium and can survive radiation doses that would kill most other organisms including humans they may even be able to survive on exoplanets that are bombarded by the intense radiation from their host Stars methanobacterium found in wetlands and even in the guts of animals and humans this tiny microbe has an incredible metabolic pathway that sets it apart from other living beings unlike most organisms that rely on oxygen to produce energy methanobacterium has the ability to create its energy through the process of methanogenesis which involves converting hydrogen gas to carbon dioxide into methane bypassing the use of oxygen k218b could potentially Harbor life forms that are similar to methanobacterium where organisms could thrive in the extreme conditions found on high Sean planets where temperatures can exceed 1000 degrees Celsius imagine a hybrid of methanobacterium and a heat resistant thermophile which could survive the extreme temperatures and conditions of a high Sean Planet this hybrid organism could be a potential solution for energy production on such planets where traditional sources of energy would not be sustainable so if one of these planets had microbes swimming in the oceans underneath thick hydrogen atmospheres would we be able to detect them astronomers are eagerly awaiting for the opportunity to gather spectroscopic observations of heisian planets understanding of a planet within the habitable zone has the right ingredients for life means searching for Bio signatures Like Oxygen methane nitrous oxide and ozone all of which are found on Earth the planet was given a score of 0.73 ESI that is according to estimates scientists consider it 73 percent Earth-like quite soon they'll have a number of hycin-like planets to study which are located relatively close to us ranging from 35 to 150 light years away and the James Webb Space Telescope already has the capability to examine their atmospheres a biosignature detection would transform our understanding of life in the universe and our place in it upside down it seems like a series of mind-boggling discoveries lies ahead of us and these could definitely represent a completely new class of habitable planets that we should be exploring in more detail while extremophiles are fascinating examples of life's ability to adapt and thrive in even the most extreme conditions some might wonder that there could be exoplanets that Harbor much more diverse and Abundant Life perhaps even giving rise to massive creatures like the dinosaurs that once roamed our own planet these worlds could offer conditions that make earth look mild in comparison close your eyes and imagine a planet where the ground beneath your feet is so heavy that you'd weigh two or three times what you do on Earth where the sky is dominated by a massive close-in star and where the air is thick making it hard to breathe welcome to the world of super Earths a new class of planets that are Earth-like but more massive than our own a world where the Giants rule this is galise 667 CC a super Earth about four times the mass of Earth super Earths are a fascinating new class of planets that share many similarities with Earth but their sheer size and gravity make them unique they can have rocky icy or a combination of both surfaces with geological features that can be more extreme and noticeable than those found on Earth mountains volcanoes and canyons on these planets could be taller larger and more spectacular than anything we've seen on our own planet one of the most intriguing things about super Earths is that they are far more common in the Galaxy than Earth-like planets in fact they are estimated to make up a significant portion of the planets in our galaxy with studies suggesting that one-third of all stars in the Milky Way could have super Earths in their habitable zones while many super Earths are not considered habitable in the traditional sense some of them may be super habitable these planets have the potential to be even more suitable for life than Earth itself they could be older larger warmer wetter with higher levels of oxygen stronger magnetic fields and a longer living star picture yourself standing on the surface of Gilles 667cc as you look up to the sky you'll see a massive close-in star dominating The Horizon which is the parent star of the exoplanet and two other stars Illuminating the sky that make up the Triple Star system galise 667 CC completes one orbit around its star in just under 30 days it's located just about 7 million kilometers or less than 5 million miles Mercury is 57 million kilometers from the Sun by comparison its star a red dwarf belongs to the m-type star category which are the coolest and most abundant stars in the universe with lifetimes that can last trillions of years these stars have their habitable zone very close to the surface for comparison our sun is a g-type star these are medium-sized stars with surface temperatures between 5 000 and 6000 Kelvin they emit radiation mostly in the yellow part of the spectrum and have lifetimes of around 10 billion years interestingly K Stars which have properties intermediates of G and M stars are considered to be the sweet spot for habitability they are abundant in the galaxy and pump up the chances of finding life on Earth it took 3.5 billion years for complex life and 4 billion years for advanced life such as humans to evolve if life were to originate on a planet orbiting a k star there would be more time for evolution to take place compared to Earth this is because super Earths which are planets larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune could provide more land mass and habitat making them more suitable for life to thrive additionally super habitable worlds may have higher gravity and a thicker atmosphere which could help spread beneficial organisms potentially leading to a more diverse ecosystem planetary scientists suggest that the sweet spot age for a super habitable exoplanet is around five to eight billion years which would provide enough time for complex and advanced life forms to develop planets with more moisture and an average surface temperature 8 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than Earth may be more habitable because warmer and wetter climates tend to have more diverse life in fact some super habitable planets may even resemble Earth during the Carboniferous period about 359 million years ago when the climate was similar to a tropical rainforest there might even be phytoplankton covering large areas of the ocean perhaps as large as continents on earth with the possibility of such diverse and complex life forms on super habitable exoplanets the next generation of enormous ground-based telescopes including the 39 meter extremely large telescope and the 25.4 meter giant Magellan telescope will have the highest prospects of discovering indications of life in the atmospheres of these planets these telescopes currently under construction are expected to gather data by the end of the decade astronomers are aware that life's essential components are present in the universe but livable does not imply inhabited and even the most habitable planet may not be inhabited it's plausible that life on Earth was truly an exceptional accident until scientists discover proof of life elsewhere in the universe if scientists continue to hunt for signs of Life on these extremely livable super Earths over the following years and don't find any people might be forced to believe that the universe is a lonely Place astronomers have used Earth as a model and planets in the habitable zone around stars for decades to learn the conditions necessary to sustain life and that is understandable at first however this search is far too limited and scientists have expanded their search for life beyond the traditional habitable zone around Stars close your eyes and imagine a planet adrift in the abyss of interstellar space a cosmic Wanderer unfettered by the gravitational pull of a parent star this is PSO j318.522 a rogue Planet six times the mass of Jupiter and a surface temperature of around 800 degrees Celsius not much is known about how these planets come to exist but scientists theorize that they are either failed stars or planets that have been ejected from a planetary system after an encounter with another world rogue planets normally grow faintly from the heat of their formation but once they cool down they disappear into the darkness making them extremely difficult to detect and observe how would life adapt to such an unusual world at first glance a rogue Planet may seem like a desolate Wasteland a Barren and inhospitable place for life yet Recent research suggests that some rogue planets May possess the necessary conditions for life to thrive these planets may have thick atmospheres that trap enough heat to sustain liquid water which is essential for life on Earth while it may seem unlikely that life could adapt to such an unusual world it's worth considering the possibility that a rogue Planet especially one that was once part of a solar system could be home to thriving life forms in fact rogue planets May provide a more stable environment for life to flourish compared to orbiting Stars these planets are free from the turbulence and radiation that can arise from interactions with a parent star this means that any life forms that evolve on rogue planets may be less likely to face Extinction due to external factors similar to high Sean worlds life on rogue planets can Thrive near the hydrothermal vents on the ocean beds from these vents a constant flow of minerals spews forth from the Earth's mantle a perfect source of energy and nutrients for bacteria to thrive which in turn attract larger and more complex creatures like snails fish octopus and tube worms up to two meters long it's possible that the same process could have occurred on rogue planets with volcanic activity or other events providing the energy and raw materials needed for life to take hold as time passes on these rogue planets complex ecosystems could emerge with predators and prey coexisting in a delicate balance perhaps intelligent life could arise a different type of intelligence that we could never even comprehend adapting to the extreme challenges of living on a planet without a parent star these intelligent beings might never break through the ice that blankets their world and might never even realize that there is such a thing as outside their small world would be their entire universe it's amazing to think about a rogue Planet drifting between the Stars yet carrying life with it of course all good things must come to an end eventually even the most resilient deep sea creatures would be unable to survive as the planet's core cools and its oceans freeze over millions of generations might live and die in these dark oceans ignorant of the vast and Incredible Universe that exists beyond their icy prison with the possibility of billions of rogue planets scattered throughout the Galaxy the search for life beyond our solar system has taken an exciting new turn close your eyes and imagine a system of seven planets all roughly the size of Earth orbiting a small dim star this is the Trappist one system located just 39 light years away from our own solar system it was discovered in 2017 and has since been regarded as one of the most remarkable discoveries in astronomy what makes it so intriguing is that three of its seven planets are situated within the star's habitable zone which means that they are at just the right distance to potentially support liquid water and possibly even life and each of these worlds is far older than Earth giving potential life forms here a 3 billion year Head Start over such an extended period life on these planets may have had ample time to evolve and diversify potentially giving rise to Advanced civilizations beyond our imagination this Ultra Cool dwarf star around which these planets orbit is much dimmer and cooler than our sun which means that the planets receive less energy from their star as a result any life forms that exist here may be fundamentally different from those we know on Earth as you walk along the alien terrain you notice something odd the Sun never moves that's because all of the planets in this system are tidally locked to their star starting with trappist-1g the coldest of the habitable Trappist planets analysis has shown that it has a density of 76 percent that of Earth indicating a large amount of water on the planet most of this water is likely in the form of colossal ice sheet covering the majority of the planet however despite its icy exterior the possibility of Life existing in this planet's frigid depths cannot be ruled out trappist-1f the next planet in the Trappist lineup here you find an eyeball Planet situated closer to the parent star than its icy neighbor the ice sheets on this planet have been pushed further back creating a larger focused crater that can potentially hold significant water bodies this planet has a radius almost identical to Earth but with only 68 percent of its mass it is expected to be another water-rich world with up to 20 percent of the planet's composition consisting of water this world is an ocean planet with ice sheets tens even hundreds of miles deep creating the perfect environment for large lakes and a single vast ocean to occupy the focus in fact this planet is essentially one giant fishbowl with an ESI score of 0.70 it's apparent that this planet is more suitable for aquatic life than terrestrial [Music] trappist-1d with a lower density than Earth is expected to Harbor large amounts of water possibly mostly in gaseous form creating a thick swampy water vapor atmosphere similar to Venus however the excessive heat of the planet's Focus May create a more temperate climate across the night side potentially allowing for the existence of lakes or even oceans of water in absolute Darkness this planet has an ESI score of 0.91 and while simulations of its conditions are split between an Earth-like and a more venus-like world the possibility of Life existing in some form cannot be dismissed trappist-1e is situated slightly on the warm side of the habitability Zone just like Earth this planet has a size and density nearly identical to our home planet unlike its neighbors the planet's greater density suggests that it contains less water creating the possibility of a mixed surface between terrestrial and Marine environments the similarities between this planet and Earth are astounding making it hard to imagine that life could not exist in some form in this environment trappist-1e has an ESI score of 0.95 making it the most Earth-like exoplanet discovered to date it's possibly the closest we've ever come to finding an earth 2.0 the universe might be teeming with life on Amazing planets and it's not just limited to the Stars we can see twinkling in the night sky in the words of the great astronomer Carl Sagan the universe is a pretty big place if it's just us seems like an awful waste of space indeed when we consider the sheer size and complexity of the cosmos it seems almost inconceivable that Earth could be the only planet to Harbor intelligent life perhaps there are intelligent beings out there pondering the same questions we do curious about their place in the universe even now its inhabitants may be examining images of a yellow g-type main sequence star somewhere in the Milky Way galaxy they see a tiny pale blue dot tucked into a remarkably circular orbit will they wonder if they found that other Earth perhaps with intelligent life able to communicate across the voids of space or will they Wonder after pouring over their data and running planetary formation models is it big enough or special enough to support life German philosopher leibniz once famously claimed that Earth is the best of all possible universes it's a claim that has stood the test of time for over 300 years but in recent times Studies have shown that the Earth is not the ideal place that could exist the planet's climate has fluctuated over time from boiling oceans to a planet-wide deep freeze due to tectonic activity and variations in the brightness of the Sun for most of the Earth's 4.5 billion year history humans and other huge animals were unable to survive simulation suggest that Earth's long-term habitability was not predetermined but rather a result of chance literally it is a blessing that we are alive maybe biology is truly very complex requires such stable conditions and so much time that Earth may very well be an anomaly a rare Oasis Of Life in many ways life on Earth is like a grand Symphony with each species playing its own part in a magnificent and intricate composition from the tiniest microbe to the largest whale each has its own unique Melody to add to the chorus and just like a symphony life on Earth is a thing of beauty a Wonder to behold and a testament to the incredible power of evolution let's take care of it cherish it and protect it for generations to come Earth may very well be the rarest place in the universe and we get the privilege of calling it home foreign [Music]
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