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1. Why We Need MPLS | Multi-Protocol Label Switching | All About MPLS For Network Engineers... | PM Networking | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: 1. Why We Need MPLS | Multi-Protocol Label Switching | All About MPLS For Network Engineers...
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Video Transcript
hello everyone once again welcome to PM
networking hope you all are doing great
guys for long time you were requesting
to make video on mpls so today I am
going to create one more playlist on my
YouTube channel and name of this
playlist is all about mpls because in
this playlist We are going to understand
all the things and topic which we have
in mpls but this is first video of this
playlist so today in this video we are
going to understand why we need mpls why
we come up with mpls after that day by
day I will make you understand how mpls
Works how mpls routers forward traffic
on the basis of tag on the basis of
level okay but before understanding
those things guys first try to
understand why we need mpls then only I
can make you understand what is mpls and
how mpls works so in day two or maybe in
day 3 we will understand how mpls works
today try to understand what is the need
of mpls so see guys here on the board I
have draw one diagram in this diagram
you can see this is my service provider
this network is service provider Network
and in service provider Network there
are two types of router in service
provider Network there are two types of
router one is p rotor P router means
provider router and second type of
router is PE rotor provider Edge router
so like you can see this is PE rotter
this is also PE rotter this is also P
router this is also p p and these all
routers which I draw in black color are
provider router these are provider Auto
and these are provider age router after
that provider is connects customer is
routers right so this is my customers
order like you can see here is one
company this is let's say company a
there is one network of company a there
is network of a company B There is a
network of company C
and this is other side of same company
company a company B and Company C let's
say site this is side A this is side two
b side b or B1 and here I can say B two
here I can say C1 here I can say C two
here I can say A1 here I can say E2 this
is side one of a company this is PSI 2
of a company this is side b b of side
one of B company this is side two of B
company this is side one of C complete
this is side Co of side two of C company
like this this providers will connects
multiple customer network provider is
responsible to provide you connectivity
between two points let's say this size
Mumbai so provider is responsible to
connect two sites together like Mumbai
sites Network and Bangalore sites
Network are connected together through
service provider Network and this is the
PE router let's say guys this service
provider have 5000 customers this
service provider have 5000 customer and
there will be lots of router right in
the service provider Network that are P
router that is PE rotor provider router
okay so let's say this service provider
have connected 500 customer done so like
this you can see there are three
customer like this suppose that this
service provider have connect 500
customer like there is here is one PE
rotor here is one p rotter here is and
this service provider is let's say
Airtel then any service provider you can
say guys first of all tell me if this
sites is if this sites is
you know sharing 1000 prefixes this side
sharing 1000 prefixes to this side here
okay this side have one thousand
prefixes and this side have Also let's
say 1000 prefixes now whenever user from
this company will communicate with the
user of this company let's say here is
one user whose IP address is
10.1.1.1 and all all are all customer
can use same network as well in vrf we
have discussed this okay this is the IP
address of a user who is sitting in this
company and here is one user who is
sitting in this company whose IP address
is let's say
10.1.2.1 getting my point okay so
10.1.1.1 want to communicate with
10.1.2.1 this machine will generate uh
icmp traffic if I am taking I am taking
example of ping so this machine will
generate icmp traffic and it will
forward to see router see router will
forward traffic to P router till here I
don't have problem because I have only
two others right but between this P to
this P there are lots of router there
are let us say 500 router so all 500
router will check their routing table
yes or no and all 5000 Slaughter will
install this 1000 prefixes in their
routing table for One customer for One
customer they have this they will
install 1000 prefix in their routing
table so in provider Network right these
routers should be you know with good
Hardware this order cannot be the normal
router otherwise this router cannot
handle this much amount of prefixes in
their routing table yes or no like if I
am connecting 5000 prefixes and total
number of prefixes which I am receiving
from customer is let's say twenty
thousands so these router can know 10
2500 prefixes in their routing table
let's suppose when we are not using mpls
when we are not using mpls if we are not
using mpls let's say then here in
service provider Network I have to use
good Hardware router right I have to use
good router and that are expensive but
with the help of mpls we can use normal
router as well right with the help of
mpls we can use here normal routers
because in mpls okay let's let's talk
about npls later before mpls if P router
will share
thousand prefixes of this company in
this network and all service provider
will install thousand prefixes in their
routing table in the same way this
company is also advertising thousand
prefixes this company is also
advertising 1036s because this company
have thousand number of sites in
different location so this company will
have thousand number of prefixes and it
will advertise to be router and PTP
router will advertise to all P rotor and
all P router will install all prefixes
in their routing table and whenever it
will receive whenever peer router will
receive any prefixes it will check their
routing table like you know when C
router this router will receive a packet
where sources 10.1.1 and destination is
10.1.1.2 what will happen it will check
it will first open IP header and you
know size of IP address is 20 byte so it
will open 20 byte information then it
will check destination IP then it will
look up their FIB table routing table
FIB table forwarding information base
table okay that is in their data plane
it will check a 5B Table after that it
will check two things next of IP address
and exit interface after that it will
format to P router again P router will
check their routing table first it will
open the IP header then it will check
the routing table it will find the next
stop IP address and exist interface then
it will format to P router and in the
same way all P routers all provider
routers will open IP header it will
check destination IP address it will
check the routing table it will find
that a desktop IP address and exit
interface after that it will format the
traffic so guys here in the service
provider Network delay will
automatically increase delay
delay
will automatically increase because in
service provider Network let's say
between this speed router to this P
router there are 1000 routers or 500
routers so 500 routers will check IP
header it will open IP address it will
check routing table it will check the
next top IP address it will check exit
interface and then it will process the
packet so if all 500 routers will you
know perform uh you know this type of
processing for one packet then you can
assume the load on these router guys
then you can assume the load on provider
routers first problem is we can not
handle thousands of prefixes in the
routing table of these router in the
provider router P routers are good
router P router can install thousands of
prefixes but these router cannot install
so these are normal routers so don't
worry we have what mpls now mpls comes
in picture what mpls said mpm you don't
need to install prefixes in their
routing table
providers router will not install rods
in their routing table only PE router
2.1 okay so provider routers will not
have the roots in their routing table
now automatically what will happen here
I can use if these routers don't need to
install these thousands of prefixes or
5000 prefixes in their routing table
then I can use normal router here I can
use normal router only I need to use
here good Hardware okay so this is the
first first benefit and in mpls these
routers don't need to install rods in
their routing table because in mpls
traffic or packet forwarding will done
on the basis of
labeling on the basis of labeling guys
there are few types of ah you know
packet processing if I will talk about
the first type of packet processing so
that is
process switching first is process
switching and now we are not using this method
method
but this is the first method
in process switching whenever it will
receive any frame again it is going to
check their routing table rib table okay
after that second type of switching is
you know second type of switching is called
third type of switching is called Cisco
that is self and you have to understand
sap because mpls is directly connected
on self okay if sap is not enabled on
router then mpls you cannot configure
mpls yes you can configure but there is
no benefit of enabling mpls if sap is
disabled and the fourth type of
switching is called mpls that is mpls
that is label switching multi-protocol
label switching means it is a
combination of multi-protocol and
switching will done on the basis of
level here by default you know if I will
talk about the traditional routing so
router maintains two type of cable in
there by two router maintain actually
two types of table in traditional
routing if I will talk about
the router where we have not enabled the
mpls so let's say I have one daughter
here R1 and mpls is not enabled on this
router so this router will have two
number of table one will be in control plane
plane
one table will be there in control plane
and one table will be there in data plane
plane
data plane if I will talk about the
control plane table so it will maintain
rib table
in the control plane if I will talk
about the data plane table so it will
maintain a 5B table
FIB table and whenever it will receive
the traffic it will check FIB table but
again when we will enable the mtls on
this router then it will you know router
will start maintaining two more table
one in control plane and one in data
plane once I will enable mpls it will
start maintaining two more table one is
called l
i b table and one is called l f i b table
table
lib stands for label information base
table and label forwarding information
base table and now this is like rib
table and this is like FIB table
whenever it will receive any traffic in
any packet it will check this table
if mpls enabled router is receiving a
packet it will check this table lfib
table and on the basis of life lfib
table routers will take forwarding
decision in a life every table it will
store label number with prefixes so in
this network in this network if we will
configure mpls these router will not
install all prefixes in the routing
table this is the first benefit and
routers will take forwarding decision on
the basis of label and size of level is
only 20 bits only 20 bits so by checking
20 bits information router will switch
the packet so here traffic forwarding or
packet forwarding will be fast as
compared to earlier as compared to safe
getting my point because this time it is
checking only 20 bits information
earlier it was opening 20 bytes had
order to check destination IP address
and after that it will look up their FIB
table then it will find the next stop IP
address then exit interface and after
that in order will process the packet
but now in ampls it will check only 20
bits level and after that it can switch the
the
packet we will understand how how mpls
will work just try to understand guys
why we are going to learn mpls first
okay I will make you understand all the
things like how mpls will work how
orders are going to add that label how
labeling will work how packet flow is
there in mpls all things and topic we
are going to discuss don't worry okay
but this is day one this is first video
try to understand today why we come up
with mpls so first reason is so that in
service provider network service
provider order should not install what
uh all rods of customer okay
without installing rods of rods of
customer in their routing table these
router can format traffic of customer
from one point to another point with the
help of label with the help of label so
delay will also fast here we don't have
any delay and here we don't need to
purchase you know uh High CPU High CP
utilization router or good Hardware here
I can use normal routers as well okay
and the second benefit is fast as I told
you okay that switching will be fast so
what we'll do what we will do here in P
to see router we will configure Maybe bzp
bzp
and here in service provider Network we
will configure mpls guys if you have
less number of router let's say in your
network there are five routers six Auto
ten routers then you don't need to use
mpls mpls is required when we have lots
of router like if I will talk about the
ISP network service provider Network in
these type of network there are lots of
total 500 5000 you know ten thousands
routers are there so in those networks
we need to use mpls and from tomorrow we
are going to understand how mpls Works
what it is exactly okay so guys mpls is
nothing but it is a routing technique
which we are using in large Network for
the fast switching for the fast
switching if I will talk about the mpls
so mpls will do nothing mpls will add
one extra header that is mpls header
between IP header and
data link header let's say this PC will
have generate one packet one packet in
the packet Source app is 10.1.1.1
destination IP is
10.1.2.1 after that source Mac is let's
say 0 a and destination Mac is let's say
0b that is getable Mac address pc will
forward this to save to this C router
and see router will check their routing
table in their routing table root will
be available it will forward to this
router and here on P router mpls is
enabled so what we order will do p
router will add one extra header that is 10.1.1.1
after that it will add one header mpls
header in this mpls header there will be
tag number let's say 103 and then layer
2 header
let's say we are using serial links hdlc
header will be there
I'll see here after that P rotor will
forward this packet to provide a router
provider router is not going to check IP
header provider routers will never check
IP header that's why I'm telling you
that this router will will not have root
as well in their routing table but still
it can forward the packet because it is
going to check this information mpls
header till mpls header it will open
layer 2 header and mpls header inside
the mpls header it will see
the tag number and it will swap the tag
number we will understand how it will
swap the tag number and after that it
will process the packet to their
neighbor router okay guys so this is all
about this video about the today video
today just we have discussed that in
which scenario we need to use mpls and
today we will understand what what is
mpls we will understand sap also what is
sap acceptable what is the difference
between rib and FIB table Ohio routers
build lib table lfib table all things we
are going to understand in upcoming days
guys if you have learned something from
this video please hit on like button if
you like this playlist mpls playlist
please let me know in comment that's all
for today thanks for watching we will
meet soon in next video till then stay
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