[Music]
Good day to our senior high school
learners and shoutout to my students in
Jose Abad Santos senior high school
Welcome to our new episode and we are
now on the second part of our topic freedom
of the human person But before
that Let's have a recap of the
highlights of our last lesson so for our
last lesson we discuss the concept of
freedom we also discuss the perspective of
freedom based on the following
philosophers we have aristotel and the
power of we have Freedom on the context
of Spirituality by St Thomas aquinas We
also have Freedom based on the context
of existentialism by John Paul sre and
freedom based on the context of social
contract theory by the three
philosophers namely John L John Jax and
Sir Thomas hubs we identify and
characterize the Follow the different
kinds of freedom like the moral Freedom
psychological freedom and the physical
freedom we also discuss the difference
between positive and negative Freedom
now between the positive and negative
Freedom this important for us to
exercise positive freedom and lastly We
also emphasize that freedom is not
always absolute 'ba our Freedom has
always had its limitations now if you
want to Uh to go back or to review those
important topics that we have discussed
last meeting the link for our last
box the ability to exercise one's
freedom in any manner is called freedom
of choice and having choices are related
to the freedom that we exercise so for
today we will discuss our topic and that is
choices we now move on to lesson number
12 still part of freedom of the human
person now part two and we focus more on
the context on the field of the study of
ethics so Welcome to another episode of
philosophy class with sir Edward
Freedom free will and and determinism
cannot escape consequences or causal
results in some discussion we call it as
punishment or karma which we are
responsible for so for today's topic We
will Discuss the concept of choices and
freedom Comes with great
responsibilities there is an absolute
understanding that all actions have consequences
always remember that
Freedom involves choice
chance and choosing are
inconsolable if a person has the
capacity to choose then that person can be
held responsible over the
actions freedom is the power to be what
you want to be and the ability to decide
and create
yourself many of the characteristics
that define our personality are often a
product of our choices
and freedom gives you the ability to
strive to achieve that goal so for
example Talents are developed to their
fullest only if we choose to dedicate
time and effort to improve them Like for
example the Talent for public speaking
for the performance art Like for example
singing and does dancing Takes Time to
develop on our effort to
strive drive to Uh to hone our craft and
Talents freedom is also rooted in the
human person self-determination and the exercise
of intellect and free will a
person's actions determine What kind of
person he or she becomes for example a
person for example is that you saw a
person carrying a heavy load of books
and instructional materials along the
hallway will you are you going to help that
person to ease that burden of
carrying that heavy load of books or not
or you just simply ignore that person so that
is where you will use Your Freedom
you will use Your Freedom to help that
person or not and remember that Freedom
As what I have mentioned earlier is
rooted on self
-determination and they exercise a
free Will it is upon our
self-determination and Our free will
whether we're going to help that person
not Moreover Freedom entails
responsibility Freedom requires a degree
of control from the person who exercised
it for example ba Uh the ability to
control yourself towards Addiction or
any impulsive behavior to lose control
of one self diminishes human freedom and dehumanizes
the person now persons who
are denied of their Freedom by other
individuals groups and institutions are
also dehumanized for example Slavery or imprisonment person
so going back to what I
have said earlier Freedom entails
responsibility and it requires a degree
for us to limit ourselves or to exercise prudence
or control In order for example
to overcome some of our addictions Like
for example Uh we overcome Uh we need to
overcome for example our Addiction when
it comes to cigaret or smoking or for
young People Like You Uh the online
games Addiction so as you may see and
and as you may notice freedom and
responsibility and that responsibility
is the that you exercise a degree of
control to limit or to regulate yourself
and to overcome those Addiction or
impulsive behavior that you
have now What makes us free and how does
Freedom shape our
experiences now we have two elements
that define Freedom first on the list is what we
call as voluntariness voluntariness
refers to the ability of a
person to act out his or her own will or
his or your own free will and self
determination now decisions are made out
of his or her his or her own free will
also means that a person may act Even if
he or she is not required or called to take
an action So that's where the
concept of
initiative voluntary acts come in are free acts
which can be assigned a corresponding
moral value and whenever we decide to
take action this results in a certain
consequence so Again the first element
to define freedom is what we call as
initiative number two is what we called
as responsibility it refers to the
person being accountable for his or her
actions and their consequence a person
who had no awareness of the effect of
his or her action can be considered as
acting with diminished
Freedom another reality that we have to
face as we experience or exercise our
freedom is the fact that freedom is
experience through the act of making
choices so remember if You've seen the
movie Spiderman ba it was mentioned by
Uncle Ben to Peter Parker that with
great power comes great responsibility
again for the time our freedom is not
always absolute because it entails
responsibility on our
part Now let's proceed to the nature of
the choices we make or the act of making a choice
understanding the importance of
being prudent in making choices we will
all realize that any deliberate Act of
choosing involves evaluating the
alternatives or the options the concept
of We the reasons Explain that when we
are choosing the act involves not only
weighing the reasons but giving way to
reasons meaning we need to think of the
pros and cons we need to think of the
consequences before choosing ba from the
different alternatives we need to choose
or we need to think or base our decision Which
one would be Better In The End
think of a longterm goal think of a
longterm solution
now after you have chosen each
alternative You will realize that some
considerations carry more weight than
the others that is why you Choose one
alternative and disregard the other so It
is a m that we should be careful
prudent and mindful on making decisions
or on making choices in
life now the branch of philosophy
related to our lesson for today is the
field of ethics as what we have
mentioned on our previous discussion
during our first quarter discussion
ethics is a Branch of philosophy that
deals with the systematic questioning
and critical examination of the
underlying principles of morality ethics
refers to the goodness or badness of an
action it Talks about the concept of
morality now we have the following
related concepts for our lesson we have
first concept and that is moral Agent A
moral Agent is a person who has the
ability to discern right from wrong and
be held accountable for his or her own
moral actions Agents have a moral
responsibility not to cause unjustified
harm so every time that we need to make
moral decisions then we become a moral
Agent As what I have mentioned on our
previous discussion to give you an
example of what a modal Agent is ah see
for example you caught your classmates
or you learn that cheating is rampant on
your class especially Now with the
online class screenshots of the Google
of the Google forms were disseminated to
through the group chat so it is on your
Burden as a modal Agent whether You're
just going to ignore the the the ongoing
Uh online cheating or you're going to
report it to your teachers so that you would
not be able to tolerate the wrong
doings or the misbehavior or the or the
misdeeds of your classmates So that's what
we called as moral Agent and from
our day today life 'do we all encounter
Uh Uh we all encounter situations that
need moral decision and therefore we
become what we called as a moral
choice are choices made on a person's
ethics manners character and what they
believe is proper behavior these
decisions tend to affect not only our
wellbeing but the wellbeing of
others now Let us define or distinguish
intellectual choice and practical choice
when we intellect choice This is choice
which is selected based on a moral
standpoint they are normative answers
about what we ough to do from a moral
system that we uphold and its moral
principles when we say intellectual
choice This is the obvious answer that
we should give or that we should act or that we
should choose base from a
situation so say for example you so for
example a wallet when you when you go outside
or When You Went outside ' ba if
you're Uh going to choose intellectual
choice the obvious answer this is that
you should Look for the own Look for the
owner of the wallet and return into the
rightful owner because you don't own
that particular wallet that is from the
point of view of intellectual choice you
provide normative answer it comes from
the word norm expected behavior ' ba
you're going to choose What is expected
from you that is in
choice this normative answers would take
into consideration the behavior which
the society will accept for example when
you are to decide in a moral issue you
can try to give intellectual choice as a
normative answer here you are simply
assuming you are not as it were facing
that actual moral situation describe in
the dilemma in this case the answers that you are in to give our
prescriptive in
this imaginary and hypothetical
situation so again for intellectual
choice you give the answer or the
choice because this is what you think is right
this is what you think acceptable to
to
society on the other hand when we say
practical choice these are choice which is
born out of psychological and emotional
emotional
considerations practical choice are made
when confronted with the actual
situation in comparison with the
intellectual you are not the one in
that situation he seems to be hypothetical
but for practical you're
confronted with the actual situation and
usually affected by the psychological
aspect of the person embroiled in the
moral situation or dilemma now for
example psychological and emotional
stress and lack of time to deliberate
during an actual moral situation may
affect a person's moral decision that
situation a person may be so engulfed by
Emotions that he or she may sometimes fail to make
the right choice Likewise stress
could make a person's practical
choice in consistent with his or her
intellectual choice now going back to
the example that I have me that I
mentioned a while ago if we're going to
choose practical choice on that
situation wherein you saw a wallet and
say for example you are indeed in need
or needy or financially Uh in need
during those time then on the point of
view of practical choices that you're
going to take that particular wallet
again practical choice are choice made
when you are confronted with the actual
situation Now it's up for us to decide
whether that particular decision is
considered moral or not moral So that's where
the study of ethics comes in but
then Again in making choices we need to be
careful we need to be prudent on
making decisions and
choices to understand more the concept
of choices based on the context of
morality and ethics Let us analyze this
situation what we call as the trolly
problem there is a runway trolly
barreling down the railway trucks ahead
on the trucks there are five people tied
up and unable to move the truly is
headed straight for them you are
standing some distance off in the train
yard next to a lever if you pull this
lever that truly will switch to a
different set of tracks of set of tracks how
how
you notice that there is one person on
the S track Now you have two options
number one do nothing and allow the
trolly to kill the five people on the
main track or the second
option pull The
lever diverting the trolley into the S
track where it will kill one person the
question Now Is which is the more
ethical option or simply What is the
right thing to do now this particular
situation though it may seem observed entails
a difficult decision entails a
difficult choice because whatever choice
that you made it will entail the lives
of the people regardless of whether
five people will be killed or one people
will be killed still you will commit or
you will be responsible for the killing
of those or of those persons So this
particular Uh situation is a Classic
manifestation of what we called as moral
dilemma now What is moral dilemma
dilemma Let us define first dilemma dilemma
is a situation where a
person is forced to choose between two
or more conflicting options neither of
which is
acceptable when dilemma involve human
actions which have moral implications
they are called ethical or moral Dilemmas moral
Dilemmas moral
Dilemmas are situations where
persons who are called moral Agents in
ethics are forced to choose between two
or more conflicting options but neither
of which resolves the situation in a
morally acceptable manner so I have here
some situations for you to understand
the concept of moral dilemma so we have
here for example linse is a deeply
religious person hence she considers
killing humans Absolutely wrong
unfortunately for Lin it is found out
that Lin is having an ectopic pregnancy
meaning the the child or the fetus is
not situated on the uus but outside of
the uterus and that makes her pregnancy
dangerous now linse is fac with two conflicting
conflicting
options whether a to Resort to abortion
or letter be to does not Resort to
abortion and this is an example of moral
dilemma whatever whatever decisions that
now we have three conditions That must
be present in moral dilemma number one the
person or the Agent of a moral action is
obliged to make decisions about which
course of action is the best number two
there must be different courses of
action to choose from number no matter what
course of action is taken some
moral principles was compromise
was compromise
another example we have here
a military Doctor is attending to the
needs of the wounded soldiers in the
middle of the war unfortunately two
soldiers urgently need a blood
transfusion however only one bag of
blood is available at the moment to Whom
Shall the doctor administer the blood
transfusion so again this is an example
of moral dilemma So this are extreme
scenarios wherein we should be mindful
it involves discernment reflection and
of course prayer ba asking for Divine
intervention for us to make the good and
to make a fair decisions and
choices now given the consequence and
gravity on making choices and decisions
it is the important for all of us to
evaluate and exercise prudence in our
choice or in making choices in life when
we are exercising our choice We must
always be cautious and aware of the choices
that we make as well as the
implications of this in the future the
capacity of an individual to make good
choice comes from his or her accumulated
experiences and
values always remember that when we make
choices we choose not for ourselves but
also for the things that will affect that
that
choice now choices also entails
consequences and entails sacrifices We
must take into consideration the
necessary sacrifices that we must make
for us to grow There are times that when
we decide we take risk may be a
sacrifice or consequence and the
tendency of humans to take such daunting
task comes from this from his or her
experiences and values in totality the
situation and progress of a person in a
situation Falls on the result that is
our goal depends solly the weighted
consequences We must Bear and the
sacrifices We must endure so say for
example despite the difficulty that
we're experiencing because of the Online
class 'is the difficulty of the
internet connection
ba some of us having experien ice the
difficulty of managing Our Time at home
and on the demands of our online class
we should be more resilient we should be more
flexible we should be more patient
to endure sacrifices
remember that every choice
that we make always entails consequences
and it demands sacrifices We must endure sacrifices
sacrifices
for us to grow as a and eventually to
whatever We want whatever we Aspire in
life now How can I exercise my freedom
manner now we must all remember that
human Freedom though essential is not always absolute human
always absolute human
Freedom should be exercised
with control and and a
recognition of reasonable
limits limiting personal Freedom
requires sacrifice to a certain
self-interest and accept certain
realities that are beyond control and
Our sense of right and wrong guides us
on recognizing and deciding on the
should also be exercised
with regard for knowledge and truth It
is necessary to cultivate the
intellectual virtue of prudence in
making sound
choice remember that in exercising our
freedom we should also recognize and
uphold not only our individual Freedom
but also the freedom of others should we be
mindful of exercising our
Freedom our Freedom limits or stops us
whenever we inflict harm or risk or
danger to other
people therefore Freedom should be exercised
with DU regard for the w
welfare of other
persons and for the last part of our
discussion Let's have here two concept
the given and the chosen when we say given
givens are what we call as the
predetermined things that do not negate
our Freedom but give us the opportunity
to exercise our Freedom when we
determine ourselves so say for example
of given our family Our name our
socioeconomic background those are what
we call as given ba those are the
predetermined things given to our life
but based on our lesson ba We all have
the capacity to make decisions to make cho
choices in life and that is where chosen
will follow or enter the picture
chosen because we should use our freedom
in a good way so that we may become
better people and better versions of
ourselves what I'm trying to say despite
the difficulties or struggles that we
experience because those are the things given
to our life still we have our
decisions 'ba to transcend or to
surpass TH or overcome those
difficulties and adversity so that we
can become better
Uh Better in the future and the process
to become a better versions of
ourselves Now let's have a recap of our
discussion for today's topic we discuss
the concept of freedom and freedom
always involves choice and that choice entails
entails
responsibility because for every
decisions that we make it follows
consequences We also discuss that
Freedom that Freedom entails two
elements and those element men or what
we call as the element of
voluntariness and responsibility and
last we and lastly We also Discuss the
concept of ethics we discuss man as a moral
Agent and man capable of moral
decisions and experiencing moral
decision moral Dilemmas in life now
always remember that Freedom Comes with
responsibility and we should always be
prudent and mindful on making our
choices and decisions in life and that
ends our lesson for today I am sir Edward See
you again next time for new
learnings and discoveries as we continue
our Pursuit for wisdom and truth in
philosophy CL with sir Edward Have a
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