0:02 We're going to start off with the essay
0:05 writing. Uh let me tell you ins writing
0:08 there are two tasks. Uh first is task
0:11 one and task one is report writing for
0:13 academic IELS candidates [music] and
0:15 letter writing for general training is
0:20 candidates. Uh the task length is 150
0:23 words. For academic report writing
0:26 minimum 150 words and maximum you may
0:29 write up to 200 words. Then we have task
0:33 two. Uh task two is same for academic as
0:34 well as for general training IS
0:37 candidates. And task two is essay
0:39 writing. You have to write an essay. Uh
0:42 the length of task two is 250 words
0:45 minimum. Although you may write up to
0:47 350 words. There is no penalty on that.
0:50 But minimum you should write 250 words
0:53 for task two and 150 for task one. Okay.
0:57 Now if we go further uh there are four
1:00 types of essays and uh we will learn
1:04 each type one by one right for example
1:06 today we are going to learn one type of
1:08 essays then we'll go on and learn other
1:10 types but before we proceed let me tell
1:14 you the structure of all ISEL's essays
1:17 the structures are almost same in every
1:20 essay we have introduction then we have
1:22 body paragraphs and then we have conclusion
1:24 conclusion
1:26 So body paragraphs depend on your
1:29 layout. For example, you want to write
1:30 two body paragraphs, you want to write
1:33 three body paragraphs, that's okay. But
1:34 there should be minimum two body
1:37 paragraphs according to your structure.
1:40 Uh or maximum there can be four body
1:41 paragraphs, not more than that. And
1:44 don't make your essay very lengthy
1:46 because writing more will never get you
1:49 any positive uh feedback or any positive
1:51 bench score in actual exam. So it's
1:54 introduction. Then we have body
1:56 paragraphs, two or four paragraphs,
1:58 three, it depends on you. Okay? And then
2:02 we have conclusion. Now if we talk about
2:05 essay writing, there are four types of
2:07 essays. And there may be a fifth type as
2:09 well. And when they make the fifth type,
2:12 uh we call it the direct question essay
2:15 or double question essay. So they pick
2:17 up one question from opinion and they
2:19 pick up one question from problem
2:22 solution from advantages disadvantages
2:26 and all that. All right. Uh okay. So as
2:30 far as IS writing task two is concerned
2:33 topic will be given in a statement and
2:35 there are two parts of the topic. One is
2:38 background statement and second is the
2:41 thesis statement. Now what is background
2:43 statement? They will just tell you a
2:46 fact. And by the way, in ISLs, all the
2:49 essays are on current affairs, current
2:51 issues, current topics. They will not be
2:54 anything about the past. Uh for example,
2:56 we have artificial intelligence,
3:00 technology, transportation, pollution,
3:02 environmental stuff and all that. So all
3:04 the current affairs they have in their
3:06 IELS writing. Okay? They can give you
3:10 any topic. So uh don't run after topics.
3:12 You should know how to write an essay.
3:14 Regardless of the thing that the topic
3:16 is this or that, you should know how to
3:20 write an essay. Okay. So, uh coming back
3:22 to this uh whenever we say topic
3:24 statement, now topic statement is
3:26 something which you need to read and
3:30 understand. For example, these days a
3:34 large number of people depend on
3:36 softwares based on artificial technology,
3:37 technology,
3:40 right? Or these days a vast majority of
3:42 young people are going to foreign
3:46 countries. These days a large number of
3:49 people are visiting other countries for
3:51 pleasure or this and that. So there will
3:53 be a statement. So first thing is you
3:55 need to read that. Thank you so much.
3:57 You need to read that statement and you
3:59 need to understand what it is about and
4:01 interpret the statement. Read it,
4:04 translate it, translate every word and
4:06 make up your mind that this is what I
4:09 have to write about. Okay. So once you
4:10 understand the statement then from the
4:13 thesis part of your essay you will
4:16 understand which which type of essay is
4:18 that and type of essay means number of
4:20 paragraphs and how you're going to
4:23 address that topic. If they say what are
4:26 the causes and how to solve you
4:29 understand it is causes and solution
4:31 essay. If they say do you agree or
4:34 disagree you understand it's agree and
4:36 this is the second part of the topic.
4:38 First part is fact. There is a
4:41 statement. Second part is this. Okay. If
4:44 in the topic they say discuss both views
4:46 and give your own opinion, you
4:49 understand it is a discussion essay. If
4:52 they say do the advantages
4:55 outweigh drawbacks, right? Or is this a
4:59 positive or a negative development? So
5:00 accordingly you have to make up your
5:03 mind. You have to see advantages are
5:05 more development is positive or
5:07 development is negative and all that.
5:10 Again for essay writing they do not
5:13 expect specialized knowledge. For
5:15 example, if they give you a topic on
5:17 global warming, they do not expect facts
5:20 and figures from you that you are a
5:22 scientist and you know about global
5:24 warming. Not at all. They want you to
5:27 write an essay which is understandable
5:31 by by anyone who can understand English.
5:33 So there should not be any what do you
5:35 say specific facts
5:36 [snorts and clears throat] and figures
5:38 and all that and you are writing this
5:41 essay for an examiner and examiner is
5:44 not expert in that very field. Examiner
5:46 is expert in English. So you need to
5:48 focus your language skills mainly.
5:50 Although knowledge is important but
5:52 language skills are more important than
5:55 that. Okay. Now, today we are going to
5:58 talk about one important essay type and
6:01 that is what we call problem solution
6:05 essay. Uh we may call it problem and
6:08 solution or sometimes they give you the
6:10 problem in the topic statement and they
6:13 ask you the reasons behind that problem.
6:17 In that case we call it causes and
6:19 solution essay. So either it is going to
6:22 be problem and solution or it is going
6:24 to be causes and solution and the topic
6:26 will tell you. I mean that thesis part
6:28 of the topic will tell you. For example,
6:32 if they say these days a large number of
6:35 people smoke at public places especially
6:39 in parks, gardens and shopping malls,
6:42 right? So what are the problems
6:47 associated with uh with public for with
6:49 smoking at public places and how to
6:52 overcome these issues or what are the
6:56 reasons behind uh smoking at the public
6:58 places and how to overcome that. So if
7:00 they ask you what are the reasons you
7:02 need to tell the reasons. If they ask
7:04 you what are the problems you have to
7:07 tell the problems and then there will be
7:10 solutions. So it is either problem or
7:13 solution problem and solution or reasons
7:17 causes and solution essay. Now remember
7:18 one thing whenever they give you the
7:20 topic and all that stuff the first thing
7:24 is you need to read the topic and what
7:26 do you say gather all the information
7:29 that you have available as I told you
7:32 you need to have some logical thinking
7:34 you don't need specialized knowledge and
7:36 the topics that they're going to give
7:38 you it is just like you know a common
7:41 sense today we are aware what what the
7:43 problems are we have environmental
7:45 problems we know about artificial
7:47 intelligence We know about internet. We
7:50 know about education. So, uh they expect
7:53 you that you're going to go to a foreign
7:56 country for studies or for immigration.
7:58 So, you should be able to write at least
8:01 250 words to show your language skills.
8:05 Okay. Now, uh whenever you write your
8:07 essay uh and you understand it's a
8:11 problem solution essay. So uh in problem
8:12 solution essay you can think about the
8:14 topic and then you can have some rough
8:17 work as you're doing IS on computer. So
8:20 you may do rough work on uh that
8:22 computer uh you can type it there and
8:24 later on you can delete that. So you can
8:26 think okay what are the problems problem
8:30 number one problem number two problem
8:32 number three that's it or if it is
8:35 causes and solution essay you will say
8:39 all right uh problem is uh transport
8:41 public transport or public people do not
8:43 have access to that what is reason
8:46 number one what is reason number two
8:47 what is reason number and these three
8:50 reasons must be separate it's not that
8:53 same thing and you're talking about that
8:57 I Repetition is the band killer. If your
8:59 idea you are repeating your ideas, if
9:01 you're repeating same ideas time and
9:03 again, that will bring you low band
9:05 score. So you need to come up with
9:08 different ideas. Okay? For example, if
9:10 we talk about uh going to foreign
9:13 country for higher studies, why are
9:16 people going? Reason number one, you can
9:19 talk about international degree that is
9:21 more valuable than local degree, right?
9:22 Second, you can talk about career opportunities,
9:23 opportunities,
9:24 >> culture diversity,
9:26 >> right? You can talk about cultural
9:29 diversity. So, all the things should be
9:30 separate so that you could write on
9:34 that. Okay? So, uh problem solution
9:36 essay. I'll come to the structure of
9:39 this essay and layout later. But let me
9:41 tell you examiner is going to check four
9:44 things in your essay, in your report and
9:48 all that. Those four things number one,
9:50 we have task response. most important
9:53 thing if there is no task response then
9:55 they will not check anything now what is
9:58 task response task response means number
10:01 of words that you write and how many
10:03 words minimum all the things I'm telling
10:05 you they are written in the book so you
10:07 don't have to read anything just follow
10:10 me now and whatever I'm saying now we
10:12 have already recorded that on Saturday
10:14 you will receive the recorded lesson
10:16 also the same lesson you will receive on
10:18 Saturday so don't worry about that okay
10:20 you don't need to write Just listen,
10:23 make up your mind, understand as much as
10:25 possible. If you miss any part, there is
10:27 no problem. So the first thing is task
10:30 response. Task response means the length
10:34 of your task and second how
10:37 uh like how much you cover the topic,
10:39 right? For example, if you cover the
10:42 topic entirely, then you may get better
10:44 bench score in task response. If you
10:47 cover some parts of the topic, then you
10:49 may get low band on that. And if you go
10:52 beyond the topic right for example if uh
10:56 you are given a topic foreign studies
10:58 and you don't talk about studies you
10:59 only talk about foreign lifestyle
11:01 opportunities in a foreign country
11:03 people go to foreign country they enjoy
11:05 they this and that and you miss
11:08 education or you don't discuss education
11:10 that much you will get low bench score
11:13 in task response. So task response means
11:17 how thoroughly you covered the topic
11:19 right and divide the topic in two parts
11:21 like okay I'm going to talk about
11:24 studying in a foreign country what are
11:27 the problems and what are the solutions
11:30 so if in your essay you have the
11:32 problems faced by people who study in a
11:34 foreign country and you have provided
11:37 proper solution okay so you will get
11:40 good bench score on your task response
11:43 right After that the second criteria is
11:46 important one that is coherence and cohesion.
11:48 cohesion.
11:51 Coherence and cohesion that is all about
11:54 the structure of your essay, structure
11:58 of your paragraphs, how to connect ideas
12:01 or how to connect sentences in the
12:04 paragraph. We call it coherence and
12:07 cohesion. The first thing is you you are
12:09 going to write everything in proper
12:11 paragraphing. There is nothing like
12:14 bullet points or heading. Headings are
12:15 not allowed. Bullet points are not
12:19 allowed. Points like numbering 1 2 3 4. Huh?
12:19 Huh?
12:21 >> Comparison are allowed. Like should we
12:23 do the comparison like foreign student
12:23 for London?
12:25 >> Absolutely. Why not? Comparisons should
12:27 be there. Okay. Uh if if they are
12:30 relevant. So uh you need to go on like
12:34 that. Okay. Now getting back to the main
12:37 point and cohesion. uh they will check
12:39 paragraphing, proper paragraphing and
12:42 then ideas you have presented and the
12:45 logical flow of your ideas. In a minute
12:46 I'll tell you all these things. It's not
12:48 rocket science. They're very very simple
12:50 things. Once you make up your mind that
12:52 I'm going to structure my essay like
12:55 this rest is practice. Practice improve
12:57 your ideas, improve your knowledge,
12:59 improve your language skills and you can
13:02 write a very good essay. Okay. So this
13:04 is what we call coherence and cohesion.
13:06 Now for for instance if I'm going to
13:08 give you a presentation
13:10 and in the presentation I say good
13:13 morning ladies and gentlemen today I'm
13:15 going to talk to you about essay
13:19 writing. Now you are clear right? In
13:22 this lesson I will discuss what type of
13:25 essays we have in ISS and how to write
13:29 them. First of all I would like to talk
13:32 about the type of essays that we have.
13:34 Secondly, I will tell you how to write
13:37 these essays and finally we will have a
13:40 question answer session. What is it? It
13:44 is actually coherence and cohesion. I'm
13:46 telling you what I'm going to do. So
13:49 when you tell the reader this is my
13:51 first point, this is my second point,
13:53 this is my example, this is my
13:56 conclusion, this is my contrary
13:58 statement, this is my solution, this is
14:01 problem number one. If you say first of
14:04 all the main issue is
14:05 >> now you're telling this is the first
14:08 problem right then you say to resolve
14:10 this problem it means you're going to
14:13 give a solution when you say for
14:16 instance means you are going to give an
14:19 example then you say there is another
14:22 important hardship or problem behind
14:24 this now you're talking about second
14:27 problem right then you give solution so
14:28 you need to come up with all these
14:31 things Right? And you need to learn
14:32 these phrases and we have all these
14:35 phrases in the books that you have. For
14:37 example, academic eyes. You've got this
14:40 book eight units, eight items in
14:41 writing. So one by one you can do them
14:44 all. Okay. So this is coherence and
14:47 cohesion connectivity of ideas. When you
14:50 write a paragraph, first you tell what
14:52 is the main point in that paragraph.
14:54 Then you elaborate that main point. Then
14:57 you give a relevant example if you have.
14:59 And if it is a problem solution essay in
15:01 a minute I'll tell you all that and then
15:03 you have to conclude. Okay. So this is
15:06 what we call coherence and cohesion.
15:08 Ideas should be well connected. Things
15:11 should be in proper paragraphs and
15:13 paragraphs should have a proper layout
15:16 or structure. Okay. Now after this the
15:19 next marking criteria is grammatical
15:22 range and accuracy. Now they will check
15:24 your grammar, they will check your
15:27 punctuation. They will check they will
15:29 check accuracy of sentences and all
15:32 that. So for this essays are written in
15:36 present tense in ISS essays are mainly
15:38 written in present tense. So you should
15:41 have very good command over present
15:43 simple we call it present indefinite
15:46 also present simple tense along with
15:49 that present continuous tense. If there
15:51 is a continuous action and you have to
15:53 give a variety to the examiner, then
15:55 present perfect tense, passive voice of
15:57 present perfect is very commonly used in
16:00 essay writing and then present perfect
16:02 continuous tense. Now there are two more
16:05 tenses which you may use. One is past
16:08 tense. For instance, if you say a
16:11 century ago,
16:13 10 years ago, 5 years ago like when you
16:15 start then you can say that. So for that
16:17 you need past simple tense. And in
16:20 conclusion at times you have to predict.
16:22 So when you predict there you need
16:24 future simple tense. So these are the
16:27 tenses that you need to learn and then
16:29 you can just go on with that. Now
16:31 grammatical range and accuracy for band
16:34 score six. If your target band is six in
16:37 ISS you can you can use compound
16:40 sentences mainly simple sentences
16:43 compound sentences and you can get six
16:45 band. But if your target band is seven
16:48 or above then you need to use compound
16:50 complex conditional
16:53 >> passive voice passive structures then
16:56 variety of tenses because these tenses
16:58 will give a variety and do not
17:01 repeatedly use the same thing like you
17:03 say in my opinion then again you say in
17:05 my opinion then again you say in my
17:08 opinion and don't use the same structure
17:11 again and again. It's called plagiarism
17:13 when I did my thesis. It is a very important
17:13 important
17:16 >> no plagiarism is something different.
17:18 It's entirely no no that repetition
17:20 plagiarism is if you copy someone's work
17:22 without acknowledging that that is what
17:24 we call plagiarism. >> So
17:26 >> So
17:29 repetition is something else. Plagiarism
17:31 is something else. For example, if I've
17:32 written something an article and you
17:35 copy a paragraph from my article and you
17:36 don't mention my name, that is what we
17:39 call plagiarism. Okay, that's different.
17:42 Okay, so coming back to this, we've got
17:44 this uh structure and all that and uh
17:47 this is what we call grammatical range
17:50 and accuracy. Even if you don't use full
17:52 stop, uh they will consider that. Now,
17:54 it does not mean that they're going to
17:56 count your mistakes and they're going to
17:58 give you the band score. If you say if I
18:01 write more, more mistakes will lead to
18:03 lower band score. Fewer mistakes will
18:06 lead to better band score. It's not like
18:08 that. You know throughout your writing
18:12 of 250 words you are maintaining a style
18:14 of writing. So they're going to give you
18:17 band on that. They will not check your
18:19 writing. They will not mark your
18:20 writing. They will not correct your
18:22 writing. If you think teacher will have
18:24 red ballpoint and teacher will say ah
18:26 this is the mistake. This is not at all.
18:29 They're going to read paragraphs.
18:31 They're going to see okay how many words
18:33 are these relevance and four marking
18:36 criterias and examiner will give marks
18:38 to each for example task response all
18:40 right you've not covered the topic well
18:43 six band then after that they will say
18:46 coherence and cohesion connectivity of
18:49 ideas okay okay okay good yeah that's
18:51 better seven band then they come to
18:54 grammatical range and accuracy all right
18:56 grammatical range mainly simple
18:58 structure five band here and finally
19:00 vocabu capsular. So there are four
19:02 things they're going to check and
19:03 they're going to give you bench score
19:06 separately and then there is the overall
19:08 bench score. Now the final marking
19:11 criteria is lexical resource or we call
19:14 it vocabulary. In this uh marking
19:17 criteria they will check uh two types of
19:20 vocabulary. One is topic specific
19:23 vocabulary. If you are given a topic
19:25 about going to a foreign country and
19:27 studying there, study abroad. Now they
19:30 will see how many words you know about
19:33 that. Okay. Uh what is the extension or
19:36 to what extent you explain the topic?
19:40 After that we go on. You're making me
19:42 forget. Please be quiet. Okay. Yeah. I
19:44 ideas slip out of my mind when I listen
19:48 to you. Okay. So, uh yeah, vocabulary.
19:51 Now remember in ISS there are two type
19:53 of vocabularies. For instance, you've
19:55 got problem solution essay. Now the
19:58 words we commonly use in problem
20:01 solution essay. For example, to resolve
20:04 this problem, the main issue is to
20:07 tackle this issue. The way forward could
20:09 be way forward could be mean solution
20:12 could be. So this is the variety you
20:13 need to give because you know in problem
20:16 solution essay many times you have to
20:18 use the word problem and many times you
20:20 have to use the word solution problem
20:22 solution problem solution. So if you
20:26 know the synonyms of problem synonyms of
20:28 solution you can write better essay.
20:32 This is called uh type specific
20:35 vocabulary. Second is topic specific
20:38 vocabulary. If you are given a topic tourism
20:39 tourism
20:42 for example uh global tourism has
20:44 increased tremendously in the last 20
20:47 years. All right. And then they say what
20:50 are the problems people face with the
20:53 influx of tourists in a certain area and
20:56 how to resolve these problems. Now you
20:57 see okay if there are so many tourists
21:00 what is problem number one? What is
21:02 problem number two? And what is problem
21:04 number three? And each problem should
21:06 have a solution. That is equally
21:09 important. Right? So, vocabulary, topic
21:11 related vocabulary and essay type
21:14 vocabulary. Essay type vocabulary you
21:16 will find here with every essay type we
21:18 have almost 100 words. So, you will find
21:21 that vocabulary. For uh topic related
21:25 vocabulary again with every essay uh
21:28 type we have at least 10 to 20 sample
21:30 answers and these sample answers are
21:33 those topics which are either they have
21:37 come in exam or they are most frequent
21:39 topics in ISS. So once you're going to
21:42 learn those words once you're going to
21:44 go through those uh what do you say
21:46 sample answers you can easily write your
21:50 answer well. Okay. So essay writing
21:54 needs two things. One is ideas that is
21:56 what we call knowledge. Second is
21:58 language skills. Okay. And sometimes if
22:02 your knowledge is weak they may may not
22:04 deduct your bench score that much. But
22:06 if your language skills are strong,
22:08 knowledge is weak, you can get good
22:10 bench score. But again remember four
22:12 marking criterias. And whenever you
22:14 practice, you just need to see that how
22:17 much have I covered the topic and the
22:20 vocabulary range and all that. And essay
22:22 writing is not something which I can
22:24 deliver a lecture and you say now I
22:26 understand problem solution essay. Thank
22:28 you so much. Tomorrow I'm going for my
22:32 exam. You need practice. Okay? It's just
22:34 something when you are going to type an
22:36 essay, you type another essay, you type
22:38 another essay and then you learn how to
22:41 do that all. Okay? Now the final thing
22:45 is this that uh you know we have IEL's
22:47 speaking book. In speaking book there
22:50 are sample answers. Now if I ask you a
22:52 question what is your favorite color?
22:55 You will give me answer using your
22:58 vocabulary using your sentence structure
23:00 and there will not be any improvement.
23:03 If every day you speak English for one
23:05 hour and you speak your own English
23:07 there are two Englishes. One is your own
23:10 English. Second is you acquire English.
23:12 So if you read your if you speak your
23:15 own English there will not be any
23:17 improvement. But if what is your
23:19 favorite color? In the book we have a
23:21 question with sample answer and in the
23:23 sample answer they have mentioned
23:26 different things. For example you may
23:29 answer my favorite color is white. I
23:32 like this color very much. Right? So if
23:35 in the book it's written all right uh I
23:39 always like or I get attracted to
23:42 lighter shades of colors that is why my
23:45 most favorite color is white and there
23:47 are several reasons behind this white is
23:51 the color of peace that is why I like it
23:53 and on the other hand it's a kind of
23:56 holy color so that is why I like this
23:58 color very much now when you give this
24:00 answer now you know sometimes what
24:03 happens you already know the words but
24:06 the arrangement of the words in certain
24:09 ideas that is what you need to learn. So
24:12 for essay writing I don't want you to
24:15 blindly write an essay. You pick a topic
24:17 and you write an essay. Say he he I have
24:19 written an essay and it looks good and
24:22 all that, right? You you need to first
24:25 read an essay. Read one essay. Get some
24:28 ideas from there. See what type of essay
24:30 is there. And in this book, we have 100
24:33 plus essays on all four types of essays.
24:35 [music] Right? Once you've read the
24:38 essay, you know the ideas, you know what
24:40 are the points and now you can rewrite
24:43 that essay again. Read an essay. Rewrite
24:45 that essay. Read an essay, rewrite that
24:47 essay. By reading and rewriting, you
24:49 will improve more. [music] But if you
24:52 write freestyle that I'll just pick up a
24:54 topic randomly and I will write on my
24:57 own, there will not be any improvement
24:59 at all. Keep that in mind. [music]
