hello and welcome to lecture number 13
this is topic 2.2 departure zones in
Africa and the slave tra to the United
States the first learning objective is
to describe the scale and Geographic
scope of the transatlantic slave
trade the transatlantic slave trade was
the process in which enslaved people
from Africa were transported by European
nations to the Americas it was so large
that by 1800 more people in the Americas
were from Africa than any other region
in the world it lasted for 350 years
from 1526 to 1867 and the last major
importer was Brazil which stopped in
1850 in total more than 12 A5 million
enslaved Africans were forcibly
transferred to the Americas this does
not account for the people who died in
transit it is estimated that more than
1.8 million Africans died during the
Middle Passage due to horrific
conditions this also doesn't account for
the people who died as they were being
marched to coastal cities for export out
of those 125 million about 5%
approximately 388,000 came directly from
States of those who came to the United
States they usually landed in Charleston
South Carolina it was the point of
arrival for almost half of all Africans
brought directly from Africa to the
modern day United States totaling just
under 200,000 people Charleston was the
center of the United States slave
trading partially because the Carolina
colonies were set up by Barbadian white
Planters who had used slavery in
Barbados to grow sugar
while they could not grow sugarcane in
South Carolina because of the quality of
the soil they found that they could grow
rice in the Low Country rice cultivation
techniques were brought over by enslaved
Africans from the SAG Gambia region who
were highly skilled in this agricultural
practice African enslaved people were
very Adept to growing rice leading to a
massive importation of enslaved people
to do this agricultural work because of
the number brought to Charleston slave
auctions like the one seen on the screen
were very common in the heart of
Charleston a remnant of the slave tra is
the old slave Mar Museum which was a be
raccoon or holding cell for enslave
people to be sold or auctioned off it
operated for about 50 years in the early
1800s before it was shut down in the
closing years of the Civil War in
Charleston the auction houses were
located on chmer Street which became
known as The Wall Street of slavery due
to the high volume of
transactions the top enslaving nations
were Portugal Great Britain France Spain
and the Netherlands Portugal had the
most with 5.8 million and they dominated
the slave trade from the 16th to the 17
19 century the Portuguese established
the first European Trading Post in
subsaharan Africa at almina in
1482 the second most was Great Britain
with 3.3 million and they dominated the
trade from the 17th to the 18th century
part of the reason why they took so many
African captives to the Americas was
because of the crops they were using
them to grow primarily sugar cane the
life expectancy of enslaved people on
sugar cane plantations was very low and
it was more financially sound for the
Planters to continue to capture and
import more enslaved laborers than it
was to slow down production and keep the
enslaved Africans from dying from overe
exhaustion heat or other
diseases the last three enslaving
European nations are France Spain and
Netherlands with 1.4 million 1.5 million
and 550,000 enslaved people respectively
the French focused their slave trade
efforts to the Caribbean with major
centers in s domain now Haiti and
Martinique most of the arrivals to
British North America occurred between
1720 to 1780 and this includes parts of
the British colonies that are outside of
what became the United States primarily
the Caribbean islands of Barbados and
Jamaica where laborers for sugar
plantations were in high demand that the
enslave populations of the United States
reflected the huge numbers of people
that were transported by 1825 one
black the second learning objective is
to identify the primary slave trading
zones in Africa from which Africans were forcibly
taken the origins of Africans
transported direct ly to North American
primarily came from nine contemporary
African regions Santa Gambia Sierra Leon
Liberia Ghana Benin Nigeria Angola and
mosan Beque the percentages are shown on
the map with the largest regions being
sag Gambia and Angola many of these
regions especially the bite of benon and
the bite of Biafra were known as the
slave Coast due to the high volume of
slave exports it is important to note
that mosm Beek makes the list because it
is located on the Eastern side of
Africa another reason why many of the
enslaved people came from from these
regions is because they were
historically slaving centers that
exported people when the Portuguese and
the Spanish dominated the slave trade
and New World exploration the Portuguese
had placed an outpost at almina in Ghana
and Luanda near Angola sending many
people West captives from Santa Gambia
and Angola were nearly half of those
brought to North America just because
the numbers reflect where they were
point of the departure was does not mean
that this is also the origin of where
those enslaved people came from it's
likely that the origin of the enslaved
people sent from these locations was
likely for further
Inland the last learning objective is to
explain how the distribution of distinct
African ethnic groups during the era of
slavery shaped the development of
African-American communities in the United
States this varied based on the
different places of origin Central
Africans had experienced with
Catholicism as discussed in unit one due
to the kingdom of Congo's voluntary
conversion to Christianity upon contact
with the Portuguese West Africans had
experience with Islam because of the
Anar and trade with the berbers and some
regions had matrinal
Traditions these cultural aspects were
brought to the Americas with the ins
slaved people when they arrived in what
later became the United States the
interactions of different ethnic groups
produced combinations of cultural
practices new Creo languages like goola
and South Carolina and new religious
practices like hudu which involved the
veneration of ancestors and Herbal
Healing emerged the practice of the Ring
because the ancestors of early
generations of African-Americans came
from numerous West and Central African
ethnic groups the modern day
African-American population share some
of these ethnic similarities to groups
in West Africa like the woff aan Igbo
and Yuba the woff and Mand people were
known for their skills in blacksmithing
and agriculture which they brought to
the Americas nearly half of those
brought to the United States came from
societies with Muslim or Christian
influence however the freedom to
practice these religions was curtailed
the cultural and ethnic diversity among
the enslaved people brought to what
later became the United States had a
huge impact on the American South this
is reflected in the cultural practices
languages and beliefs found there gulla
as a Creo language and Louisiana creel
are examples of languages merging
African words and grammar with English
musics with complex rhythms call and
response tones and African inspired
instruments evolved into widely used
instruments like the banjo religious
practices involving conjurers or herbal
doctors were more commonly consulted for
illnesses than white doctors by enslaved
people african-based culture also
influenced the southern accent as
enslaved people often raised and cared
for enslavers children leading them to
pick up on linguistic
habits additionally enslave people who
are also domestic servants and Cooks
introduced elements of West African
cuisine which became Staples of Southern
Cuisine like fried okra Fried Chicken
collared greens and sweet potatoes or
yams finally while many enslaved
Africans held on to their traditional
beliefs that their Creo religions in the
South more of them were attracted to
Christianity after the first Great
Awakening in the early 1700s the first
Great Awakening preachers were
Protestant and spoke all across the
British North American colonies in a way
that was very similar in spirit to the
traditional belief rituals they were
also attracted to practices like the
baptism which involved full body
immersion into water the black church
continued to be an influential
century in recap nearly 12 half million
people were transported in the
transatlantic slave trade and only 5%
arrived directly in the modern-day
United States Portugal Great Britain
France Spain and the Netherlands were
the top five enslaving nations enslaved
Africans directly transported to North
America came from West and central
Africa the diversity of ethnicities and
cultures produced multiple combinations
of african-based cultural practices
finally the distribution of diverse
African ethnic groups in the American
South created diverse black communities
thank you for watching if you would like
to watch the next lecture click the
thumbnail on the screen and if you would
like more resources to help you study
you can visit APUSH lights.com
slaam I wish you the best of luck with
your studies and I hope to see you back
Chrome Extension