0:02 pharmacokinetics is a fundamental aspect
0:04 of pharmacology that focuses on the
0:06 movement of drugs within the body
0:08 encompassing various processes such as
0:12 absorption distribution metabolism and
0:15 excretion these processes collectively
0:17 determine how a drug is absorbed
0:19 distributed to tissues metabolized and
0:22 eventually eliminated from the body
0:25 absorption drug absorption is a critical
0:27 pharmacokinetic parameter that defines
0:29 how a drug moves from its Administration
0:31 set into the
0:33 bloodstream this process is influenced
0:36 by various factors including the Drug's
0:39 physicochemical properties formulation
0:40 and root of
0:42 administration the chemical
0:44 characteristics of a drug impact its
0:47 absorption factors like solubility
0:50 molecular size and ionization State
0:53 affect how easily a drug can cross cell
0:55 membranes highly soluble drugs with
0:57 faster dissolution rates tend to be
1:00 absorbed more readily lipid Sol ability
1:02 also plays a significant role in drug
1:05 absorption the size and ionization state
1:08 of a drug molecule can also affect its
1:11 ability to cross cell membranes smaller
1:13 non-ionized molecules generally have
1:16 better absorption rates the dosage form
1:18 of a drug such as tablets capsules or
1:22 Solutions can influence absorption rates
1:24 for example Solutions generally have a
1:26 higher absorption rate compared to solid
1:29 forms like tablets different routes of
1:31 drug administ ation affect
1:34 bioavailability bioavailability is the
1:36 fraction of the active drug that enters
1:38 the bloodstream and reaches its Target
1:41 site intravenous administration provides
1:44 100% bioavailability as the drug is
1:46 directly delivered to the systemic circulation
1:48 circulation
1:49 distribution after entering the
1:52 bloodstream drugs are distributed to
1:54 various tissues in the body factors
1:56 affecting distribution include blood
1:59 profusion tissue binding and membrane
2:02 per ability perfusion is the rate of
2:04 blood flow to different tissues and it
2:06 determines the rate at which drugs are
2:09 distributed tissues with high perfusion
2:11 rates such as the heart and lungs
2:13 receive drugs more quickly than tissues
2:15 with lower perfusion rates like muscle
2:18 and fat some drugs can bind to specific
2:20 tissues which can affect their
2:23 distribution for example drugs that bind
2:25 to fatty tissues will have a larger
2:27 apparent volume of distribution the
2:30 solubility of a drug in water and lipids
2:31 also affects its
2:34 distribution hydrophilic drugs are more
2:36 soluble in water and distribute into the
2:38 extracellular fluid while lipophilic
2:41 drugs are more soluble in lipids and can
2:44 cross cell membranes more easily
2:47 metabolism drug metabolism is the
2:49 process by which the body converts drugs
2:51 into metabolites that are easier to
2:53 eliminate this process primarily occurs
2:55 in the liver but can also take place in
2:58 other organs such as the kidneys lungs
3:00 and intestinal tract
3:02 metabolism of drugs can include two
3:06 phases phase one reactions and Phase 2
3:08 reactions phase one reactions involve
3:13 oxidation reduction hydrolysis hydration or
3:13 or
3:15 isomerization which modify the drugs
3:19 chemical structure cytochrome p450
3:22 enzymes play a crucial role in Phase One
3:25 reactions Phase 2 reactions involve
3:27 conjugation where the drug or its
3:30 metabolites are combined with endogenous
3:32 molecules like glucuronic acid forming
3:34 more water soluble
3:36 metabolites some factors that can affect
3:40 metabolism includes genetic variability
3:43 age gender and disease conditions
3:46 excretion drug excretion is the final
3:49 step in the adme process which involves
3:51 removing drugs and their metabolites
3:54 from the body this process primarily
3:55 occurs in the kidneys but can also
3:58 involve other organs such as the liver
4:02 lungs and intestinal tract mechanisms of drug
4:02 drug
4:05 excretion most drugs or metabolites are
4:08 excreted by the kidneys some drugs and
4:10 their metabolites are extensively
4:13 excreted in bile other drugs can also be
4:16 excreted through the lungs sweat saliva
4:18 and breast Mill some factors that can
4:21 affect drug excretion includes kidney
4:24 failure drug interactions and some drug
4:26 properties hope you have liked this
4:29 video please support us by subscribing
