0:02 imagine the years 1840 and you're a
0:04 Bonnie sea captain in the far South
0:05 Pacific when you come upon an
0:08 incomprehensibly large wall of ice it's
0:10 a mile high and stretches as far as the
0:12 eye can see in each Direction so you
0:14 sail to the right to see if you can find
0:15 a way around it and you sail and you
0:17 sail and you sail and no matter how far
0:20 you go it never ends and in fact you
0:22 wind up right back where you started it
0:25 is a literally impenetrable ice wall
0:27 that you can never cross obviously this
0:29 is where the world ends and obviously
0:30 this ice wall was built to keep us from
0:32 falling off the edge of the Earth and
0:35 obviously the World is Flat except no
0:37 any Bonnie SE Captain worth is salt
0:38 would have known that the Earth was
0:40 round in 1840 he would have known that
0:42 he was traveling around in a circle
0:44 nobody thought Antarctica was the end of
0:46 the world but in terms of accessibility
0:49 it might as well have been Antarctica is
0:51 a harsh punishing deadly place next to
0:53 impossible to survive so even though the
0:56 world did not end at Antarctica it is
0:58 kind of like a new world begins there's
0:59 a reason NASA trains astronauts are
1:02 future Mars missions in Antarctica it's
1:03 basically another planet down there
1:05 people have only taken up residence in
1:07 Antarctica in the last 100 years it's
1:09 still very much unexplored lands in the
1:12 old days unexplored lands were Rife with
1:15 Legends and myths and speculations um
1:18 Darby dragons and whatnot and Antarctica
1:19 is no different today I started looking
1:22 into it and I found a mountain of like
1:23 wild stories and Mysteries surrounding
1:25 Antarctica so in this video let's take a
1:27 look at the single most mysterious place
1:30 on planet Earth and get to the bottom of
1:32 what's going on down [Music]
1:44 there if there's one word to describe
1:47 Antarctica it's desolate an endless
1:49 landscape of white snow and ice
1:51 simultaneously one of the driest places
1:53 on Earth and home to 60% of the Earth's
1:55 fresh water all of it locked up in an
1:57 ice sheet that covers 99.6% of the
1:59 continent a continent that's way bigger
2:00 than you might think
2:02 in most map projections you only see a
2:03 little sliver of land mass at the bottom
2:05 of the map or it gets divided up in some
2:07 way but it's more than twice the size of
2:09 Australia and big enough to cover the
2:11 United States Mexico the Gulf of Mexico
2:13 and most of the Southern Canadian
2:15 provinces and all of it under an ice
2:18 sheet that averages 2,160 M thick that's
2:22 1.3 M High average it's also the
2:24 windiest place on Earth with an average
2:25 wind speed of 10 knots but it can reach
2:28 up to 80 knots or 96 miles an hour due
2:29 to something called catabatic winds
2:31 which are basically caused by a cold
2:32 dense air being funneled Through The
2:34 Valleys in the landscape it's also
2:36 extremely isolated surrounded by some of
2:38 the largest oceans in the world with the
2:39 mainland more than a th000 miles away
2:41 from the closest inhabited continent the
2:42 closest point being the Antarctic
2:44 Peninsula that reaches out to within 600
2:46 Mi of Tira Del fuo and Argentina and of
2:48 course between them is the Drake Passage
2:50 which is considered one of the roughest
2:51 areas of ocean in the
2:55 world because of course it is oh it's also
2:56 also
2:59 old and Lakey there about 400 under
3:02 underground lakes in Antarctica or under
3:05 ice I guess scientists started finding
3:07 these lakes in the 1970s using radar
3:09 seismic and satellite Technologies and
3:11 some of these are over 3 km deep in the
3:13 ice and then in the 1990s Russian
3:14 scientists discovered a lake that they
3:17 called Lake VTO this is the sixth
3:20 largest lake by volume in the
3:22 world and for some reason it's not ice
3:24 why is it not ice everything around it
3:26 is ice it turns out there's a geothermal
3:27 vent down there that's warming up enough
3:30 of it to keep it liquid but again this
3:31 is the sixth largest lake on the planet
3:35 and it's under almost a mile of ice 15
3:38 milliony old ice geothermal vents of
3:39 course are teaming with life in most
3:40 places that they're found but this
3:42 particular place has been completely
3:44 isolated from the rest of the world for
3:46 15 million years there was a raging
3:48 debate over what kind of sea creatures
3:50 might live at the bottom of Lake Bostock
3:52 for two decades scientists would get
3:54 their answer in
3:56 1999 but more on that later there is
3:58 just something about us humans that we
4:00 see a place like that that remote that
4:04 isolated that deadly and we say yeah I'm
4:06 totally going to go there so starting in
4:08 the early 20th century it was also the
4:10 site of a string of tragedies as
4:11 explorers raised to be the first to the
4:13 South Pole and perhaps no Explorer
4:15 exemplifies the hubris of the so-called
4:18 heroic age than Robert Falcon Scott
4:20 Robert Falcon Scott besides having an
4:21 amazing name started his career as a
4:24 respected British Navy officer but in
4:26 the 1890s both his father and younger
4:27 brother died unexpectedly which made him
4:29 the loone provider for his mother and sister
4:30 sister
4:32 so he became desperate to elevate his
4:34 status but there just weren't a lot of
4:35 advancement opportunities in the Navy at
4:38 the time and then in 1899 while home on
4:39 leave he had a chance encounter with the
4:40 president of the royal geographical
4:43 Society a guy named Clemens Markham and
4:44 he was funding an expedition to the
4:47 South Pole and he needed a commander so
4:48 yeah Robert Falcon Scott jumped at the
4:51 chance so in 1901 he set sail on his
4:53 ship Discovery with fellow explorers
4:55 Ernest Shackleton and Edward Wilson and
4:57 they didn't quite make it to the poll
4:59 although they did reach 82 de latitude
5:01 which is the furthest south anybody had
5:02 ever been at that time but yeah they
5:04 eventually had to turn back with just
5:06 530 Mi to go this was actually kind of a
5:08 disaster they ran out of supplies the
5:09 crew all came down with scurvy they had
5:11 to resort to eating their sled dogs to
5:14 survive and still Robert Falcon Scott
5:15 wanted to press on it was actually
5:17 Shackleton who insisted that they turn
5:19 back in order to save the crew um this
5:20 actually led to a major falling out
5:22 between the two of them that lasted for
5:24 years still Robert FAL and Scott
5:26 returned to Britain a hero they did
5:27 Cover new ground and made new
5:29 geographical discoveries there was a sci
5:31 ific component to this trip so a lot of
5:33 cool science was done and to the British
5:35 public who had been kind of demoralized
5:38 at this point in history um yeah he was
5:39 kind of like proof that Brit still had
5:41 some fight and pluck in him he got
5:43 invited to balm moral castle by King
5:45 Edward iith um he actually promoted him
5:47 to the commander of the royal Victorian
5:50 order um he became a toast of society
5:51 for a while and he eventually met and
5:52 married a wealthy socialite named
5:55 Kathleen Bruce so in a way he got
5:57 exactly what he wanted from that trip
5:59 but deep down it always really bothered
6:00 him that he never quite got to the South
6:01 Pole you know and he and he kind of
6:04 blames Shackleton for holding him back
6:06 uh and and publicly he was really nice
6:07 to Shackleton that he got along and
6:10 whatnot but in practice uh he was pretty
6:13 antagonistic like in 1907 Shackleton
6:14 launched his own expedition to the South
6:17 Pole and Robert Falcon Scott forbid him
6:19 from Landing in the McMurdo sound which
6:21 is the same place where the discovery
6:23 had landed when they went the last time
6:25 and at the time it was by far the safest
6:27 landing spot but Scott insisted that
6:29 that was his field of work and he had
6:31 right of the area so yeah he was willing
6:33 to put shackleton's whole crew in more
6:34 danger because of
6:37 that swell dude Shackleton landed there
6:39 anyway on his ship which was called the
6:41 Nimrod and they got a lot closer this
6:43 time they got to 88 degrees latitude it
6:46 was a mere 95 miles from the south pole
6:48 but again supplies ran out dogs were
6:50 eaten and Shackleton made the decision
6:52 to turn back to save his crew which he
6:54 succeeded at doing they all made it back
6:56 barely by the way this would happen
6:58 again to Shackleton several years later
7:00 on the endurance you might have heard
7:01 the story of the endurance the ship
7:03 basically got destroyed in the sea ice
7:04 and he and his crew were stranded there
7:06 for about 4 months before they could be
7:09 rescued but they did all survive so
7:10 while Shackleton never quite made it to
7:12 the South Pole he did earn the
7:14 reputation as a captain who you know
7:15 always put his crew first even if it
7:18 meant for goinging personal
7:20 Glory something that could not be said
7:23 for Robert Falcon Scott in November 1911
7:26 the ship teranova landed on Ross Island
7:27 and from there Robert Falcon Scott set
7:29 off with a crew to the South Pole which
7:31 he was going to reach this time no
7:33 matter what for once and for all he was
7:34 going to beat Shackleton and he was
7:35 going to be the first human being to the
7:37 South Pole the crew faced all the usual
7:39 hardships including sled dog stew but
7:43 they pressed on and on January 17th 1912
7:45 they did it Robert Falcon Scott reached
7:48 the South Pole and what he found
7:53 there was a Norwegian flag yeah Ral Emon
7:56 got there just a month before him and he
7:58 had no idea at least not until he saw
8:01 the flag play Ed there so yeah he and
8:02 his crew they they turned around and
8:04 headed back to their
8:09 ship which they never actually
8:11 reached one by one they succumbed to the
8:13 cold and starvation including eventually
8:16 the captain himself and thus ended the
8:24 Scott by the way Ral amonson made
8:26 getting to the South Pole look easy like
8:28 dude just crushed it while everybody
8:30 else had struggled and suffered and
8:32 often died he had actually trained with
8:34 his crew extensively for years
8:36 beforehand and yeah the whole thing went
8:38 really smoothly they got back to the
8:39 boat 10 days early though it does need
8:41 to be said his entire mission was
8:43 strictly competitive like he was just
8:44 there to get to the South Pole there was
8:46 no science component to it whereas
8:48 Scott's Mission did have a science
8:50 component to it in fact when rescue
8:51 teams found their final resting place
8:53 they had on them the first fossils ever
8:55 found in Antarctica and this actually
8:57 turned out to be one of the first big
8:58 mysteries of Antarctica because these
9:01 fossils were petrified
9:04 wood meaning Antarctica used to be
9:06 covered in
9:08 forests what this of course would go on
9:10 to become part of the first early
9:12 evidence of plate tectonics theory uh
9:13 basically proving that Antarctica used
9:15 to be part of Pangia and in a much more
9:17 temperate region but after Emon and
9:19 Scott and Shackleton technology improved
9:21 and more and more explorers and
9:22 scientists made a lot more discoveries
9:26 in Antarctica and with it a lot more
9:28 Mysteries so I talked about Lake Bostock
9:30 and how deep under the ice it was well
9:32 there's another mysterious Lake that's
9:40 it deep lake it's an inland Lake in East
9:42 Antarctica it's about 55 met below the
9:44 sea level and as you go deeper into it
9:46 the salinity increases drastically it's
9:47 about the same salt content as the Dead
9:50 Sea in fact it's 10 times saltier than
9:52 the ocean but because that salinity the
9:53 water never freezes even though it gets
9:54 down to
9:56 -20° so you might think that nothing
9:59 could possibly live in water that cold
10:02 but nope something does live there a
10:03 study in 2008 showed that there's
10:05 actually three species of a bacteria
10:07 called Hyo archa which makes up most of
10:09 the biosphere there Halo ARA if you're
10:11 not familiar with it it's a single cell
10:13 organism that basically it thrives in
10:15 salty water there's also a green algae
10:16 that grows on the lake surface which is
10:18 actually the main food source for the
10:20 bacteria living down there and like I
10:21 said there's three different species of
10:23 Halo ARA and they're all adapted to
10:24 different parts of the lake like some
10:26 like deeper locations some like to eat
10:28 the protein in the water and some like
10:30 to eat the sugar that the green Algae
10:37 algae I mentioned earlier that 99% of
10:39 Antarctica is covered in an ice sheet
10:41 well one of the few places that's not
10:43 covered by an ice sheet is McMurdo dry
10:45 Valley and it kind of looks like Mars
10:47 there but one interesting sight there is
10:49 Taylor Glacier which has a five-story
10:51 waterfall that pours into Lake Bonnie
10:52 what's interesting about this particular
10:56 waterfall is um it looks a lot like
10:58 blood yeah it looks like somebody just
11:00 stabbed the GLA and it's bleeding out so
11:03 they named it Blood Falls and uh yeah
11:04 only recently scientists have been able
11:05 to figure out what makes it look that
11:07 color yeah Dr Ken Livy is a scientist at
11:09 John Hopkins University and he used
11:11 transmission electron microscopes to
11:13 basically examine samples of the blood
11:15 Falls Waters and what he discovered were
11:18 tiny iron-rich nanospheres that oxidize
11:19 which turns the water red and
11:21 nanospheres apparently occur in nature I
11:23 think of nanospheres as like a a
11:25 molecular thing with graphite or
11:27 something like that but they they are
11:28 real things that happen in nature
11:30 they're about 100 the size of an average
11:32 human red blood cell and they've got
11:34 their own unique chemical and physical
11:35 characteristics and these nanospheres
11:37 come from a lake that's about 400 m
11:40 underground it's very salty and it's cut
11:41 off from the air so it just kind of like
11:43 sits there but it's very iron rich so
11:44 once it seeps through the fissures and
11:47 hits the air the iron rich water rusts
11:49 creating Blood [Music]
11:51 [Music]
11:54 Falls yeah I've got to do it coming this
11:56 Sunday to the pipy Civic Center tokomak
11:59 and stellarator featuring bloodfall
12:07 free Antarctica's largest ice shelf is
12:09 the Ross ice shelf named after Dr James
12:11 Clark Ross who discovered it in 1841 and
12:13 when I say large I mean it's about the
12:15 size of France it covers over 500,000
12:18 Square km it's also several hundred met
12:20 thick all of that very interesting what
12:23 really makes it interesting is that it
12:39 no that is not the newest Apex Twin
12:42 single uh that is an actual ice shelf
12:44 vibrating it's caused by winds blowing
12:46 across the snow Dunes that create
12:48 vibrations on the surface and and those
12:50 vibrations create seismic tones the
12:52 thing is we can't actually hear those
12:54 vibrations they're they're seismic tones
12:55 so scientists have to use seismic
12:57 sensors to hear the songs what you're
13:00 hearing has been ranged up quite a bit
13:01 so that we can hear it and it was
13:02 discovered by accident they were
13:04 actually installing these seismic
13:05 sensors to try to observe other things
13:07 and they kept hearing these these sounds
13:08 and they didn't know where it was coming
13:10 from and also the songs change based on
13:12 environmental shifts like snow melting or
13:19 moving in the late 1950s something
13:21 really strange was discovered in the
13:23 northern Wilks land in East anartica
13:26 it's a gravity anomaly which is exactly
13:27 what it sounds like it's where there's a
13:29 difference between the predicted value
13:31 of gravity at a specific site and what's
13:33 actually observed there so yeah um
13:35 there's just a place in Antarctica where
13:37 gravity Works
13:39 differently you know that that thing
13:42 what could cause gravity to work
13:43 differently in a certain spot well in
13:45 this case it looks like it was a giant
13:47 impact crater yeah Studies have shown
13:48 that there's an impact crater underneath
13:51 the ice sheet that's 450 km across which
13:53 would make it twice the size of the
13:55 chickalo crater in Mexico you know the
13:57 one that wiped out all the dinosaurs
13:59 NASA is actually who found this gravity
14:00 anomaly as part of their Gravity
14:02 Research and climate experiment mission
14:04 in 2006 now there's still studies to be
14:06 done here it's not completely confirmed
14:09 yet but if this were an asteroid impact
14:10 they think it might have actually been
14:12 strong enough to break up gondwana land
14:13 as the supercontinent that separated
14:22 Antarctica in 2017 a giant hole opened
14:25 up in Antarctica how big is this hole
14:27 it's the size of
14:36 Ireland a hole it's 78,000 Square km
14:39 it's actually the largest hole found in
14:41 Antarctica since the 1970s which implies
14:43 that there were bigger holes found in
14:45 the' 70s it's a structure called of Pia
14:47 which is basically an area of open water
14:49 and sea ice it's located in the wetel
14:51 sea in the Southern Ocean and it Formed
14:52 basically because the warmer water and
14:54 the deeper parts of the sea push the
14:56 warm water up causing the ice on the
14:58 surface to melt and then as the water
15:00 makes contact with the cooler surface
15:02 water it sinks again and then it's
15:04 reheated and pushed to the surface and
15:05 this goes on over and over again now
15:07 there's a lot of these types of holes
15:09 these penas that have popped up in the
15:11 sea ice all around Antarctica but this
15:13 one is massive and they're still not
15:16 exactly sure how one this big could form
15:18 with the uh the methods that they're
15:26 mystery in 1964 the British Royal Navy's
15:28 HMS protector visited boet Island which
15:31 is located here between the Cape of Good
15:33 Hope and Antarctica and while there they
15:35 found a lagoon and a water logged
15:37 Lifeboat this boat didn't have any sails
15:39 didn't have any markings just a just a
15:41 nameless boat in a lagoon in a remote
15:43 part of the world they also found a pair
15:45 of ores and a 44g barrel but they didn't
15:47 find any signs of life or any human
15:49 remains it seemed to have just been this
15:51 abandoned Lifeboat and nobody knows who
15:54 abandoned it or where they went even
15:56 weirder in 1966 another Expedition went
15:59 to that same spot and this time the life
16:00 boat was gone there was there was no
16:03 mention of it like it just disappeared
16:06 there are ghost ships are there ghost
16:08 lifeboats because this might be a ghost
16:10 Lifeboat and now that I've talked about
16:12 ghost ships um it's time to Pivot a
16:13 little bit everything that I've talked
16:15 about so far is just kind of like weird
16:16 things that happen in a weird part of
16:19 the world there's some really crazy
16:21 stuff going around about
16:29 that about 10 years ago ago a story
16:31 started swirling around regarding Lake
16:34 vosto which I was talking about earlier
16:37 and the uh life that might live down
16:39 there according to this story a Russian
16:40 drilling crew was working at Lake bosck
16:43 in 2012 when they came across apparently
16:45 a monster octopus that they named
16:48 organism 46b this monster octopus
16:50 apparently had all the kind of qualities
16:52 you would expect from an octopus it was
16:53 apparently really smart it was actually
16:56 able to disable the workers's radio it
16:57 paralyzed prey by releasing Venom into
17:00 the water and it could shape shift into
17:03 other shapes which octopuses are kind of
17:05 famous for and according to the story
17:06 the researchers were able to capture the
17:08 octopus but Russian Authority showed up
17:11 and took it away and denied that it ever
17:12 existed and that nothing was ever found
17:15 there and because of that organism 46b
17:17 remains a mystery and some even believe
17:19 that Putin plans to breed the octopus as
17:23 a bit of a military weapon thanks [Music]
17:29 Antarctica speaking of monster some
17:31 people believe that Nazis built a secret
17:32 base in Antarctica where they took
17:34 Hitler at the end of World War II there
17:36 have been no shortage of Hitler actually
17:38 survive stories that happened since
17:40 World War II this is just the anarctica
17:42 version of it and people who believe in
17:44 the story also believe that from this
17:45 base they were able to defeat American
17:47 and British military by shooting down
17:50 their planes with the use of UFOs the US
17:51 did eventually destroy this base in the
17:53 1950s with nuclear weapons but you
17:54 wouldn't know this because various
17:56 governments around the world have of
17:57 course you know concealed all this knowledge
18:05 and if a Nazi base using UFOs for war
18:06 wasn't enough to blow your mind well
18:08 guess what we have wound up exactly
18:10 where we all expected to
18:14 be aliens cuz you know Nazis flying UFOs
18:15 that's that's
18:18 crazy it's actually aliens and I mean I
18:19 guess it makes a little bit of sense if
18:22 there are aliens living here on planet
18:24 Earth um why not go to the most desolate
18:26 and isolated place in the world to set
18:28 up a a bit of a base and launch all your UF
18:30 UF
18:32 from and of course there's no shortage
18:35 of photographs that have weird anomalies
18:37 in it that you can't quite explain that
18:39 look like UFOs and last but not least
18:41 are the stories about pyramids or
18:42 ancient civilizations that have been
18:44 buried under the ice of Antarctica some
18:45 people believe that this might have been
18:47 like an ancient Egyptian civilization
18:49 with the pyramids and stuff some people
18:51 believe it might have been Atlantis I
18:52 mean after all we we know that
18:54 Antarctica used to be a more tropical
18:57 continent that was in a you know more uh
18:59 suitable place for life and
19:00 civilizations to flourish I mean if
19:01 you're going to have an ancient city or
19:04 civilization get buried under water why
19:06 not get buried under ice so what are we
19:08 to make of all these crazy stories
19:11 coming out of Antarctica you know
19:13 mysterious lifeboats monster octopuses aliens
19:24 blanket so we can start with that
19:26 mysterious life V so in the early 2010s
19:28 online researchers actually figured out
19:29 what it was was and it turns out it was
19:31 a Soviet Antarctic wailing Fleet that
19:34 visited boet Island in November of 1958
19:36 people were s ashore but the bad weather
19:37 said in and people were temporarily
19:39 stranded so there's not a whole lot of
19:41 story behind this uh a helicopter picked
19:42 them up a few days later they weren't
19:44 stranded for very long but they did
19:46 leave the Lifeboat behind in the lagoon
19:48 um why it disappeared later it probably
19:50 just sunk further down into the water
19:53 the monster octopus in Lake VTO has a
19:55 pretty simple explanation it turns out
19:58 um yeah it's entirely a work of fiction
20:00 it can be traced back to a specific blog
20:03 post by a guy named C Michael fory who
20:06 was a former writer for yes the weekly
20:08 world news remember when you would go to
20:09 the grocery store and you would see the
20:11 weekly world news and you just knew that
20:13 it was fiction and uh and it wasn't real
20:16 and it was just like fake stuff
20:18 uh feels like we've lost a little bit of
20:20 that lately yeah I guess the weekly
20:22 world news isn't really around anymore
20:23 but he published this on his own
20:25 personal blog page and it was clearly
20:27 labeled fiction I guess this is kind of
20:30 like the uh Sergey P Moreno video that I
20:31 did it was a story that kind of took on
20:33 a life of its own and turns out the
20:35 whole thing was made up but it's easy to
20:36 believe because yeah colossal squid do
20:38 exist in the Southern Ocean but uh
20:40 because it's a subglacial lake it lacks
20:43 sunlight has those extremely cold
20:44 temperatures it's it's unlikely that a
20:46 complex creature of that size could
20:48 survive in it especially something as
20:50 big and complex as an octopus now
20:52 regarding all those pyramids that people
20:54 claim to have found in Antarctica it
20:55 turns out that there's there's just a
20:57 lot of mountains in the world that look
20:59 like pyramids especially when shot from
21:02 above with the sunlight hitting it at a
21:03 certain angle and in Antarctica
21:05 especially you have a lot of like the
21:07 tops of mountains kind of peeking out
21:10 above the glacial ice which it just it
21:11 looks like the size of a pyramid but
21:13 it's actually a full-on mountain you
21:14 just don't see most of the mountain this
21:16 by the way is called a NCH that's a
21:18 mountain or a hill surrounded by glacial
21:20 lice in fact there's a whole range of
21:21 mountains in Antarctica called the
21:23 Ellsworth mountain range uh it was
21:25 discovered in 1935 and yeah it features
21:27 a lot of these pyramid-like shapes this
21:29 one in particular is
21:31 1,265 M tall from the base of the
21:33 mountain to the top but all we really
21:35 see is is the top of that mountain
21:36 sticking out of the ice so yeah it looks
21:38 like pyramids to a lot of people as far
21:40 as the Atlantis Story Goes Isis covered
21:43 Antarctica for 15 million years which is
21:45 way longer than humans have walked the
21:47 Earth so if we were somehow able to
21:49 establish a an ancient civilization at
21:50 the South Pole it would have only
21:52 happened after everything was completely
21:54 frozen over which seems impossible
21:55 considering the temperatures and the
21:56 fact that there's just not a whole lot
22:00 of food there to stay warm and nourished
22:01 so yeah stories about Atlantis are
22:03 usually vague and lacked any solid facts
22:05 so like yeah when when Asians and
22:07 Europeans talked about unmapped places
22:08 in the past uh they could have been
22:10 talking about Australia or Oceania so
22:12 now we get to the Nazi conspiracy
22:14 theories and here's the deal about that one
22:16 one
22:19 um there's a little bit of truth to it
22:22 Nazis did actually land and camp in
22:24 Antarctica but it wasn't for a military
22:25 base it was for a whaling station so
22:27 that uh Germany wouldn't have to be
22:29 dependent on whale oil for of Norway the
22:31 Germans actually landed in an area that
22:32 was already claimed by Norway called the
22:35 drawning mod land but you know they they
22:36 planted Flags there and they called it nwab
22:37 nwab
22:40 land sure I pronounced that perfectly
22:42 yeah the area was abandoned by the Nazis
22:45 in 1945 uh which makes sense cuz Nazis
22:47 were out of power at that point but yeah
22:48 thousands of scientists have visited
22:50 that area since the 1950s it's been
22:52 mapped by satellite
22:55 aircraft nothing's there and it is also
22:57 true that the US and Britain conducted
22:59 military and bombing operations around
23:01 Antarctica but those were test missions
23:03 they didn't have anything to do with
23:06 Nazis well after the World War II uh
23:07 they seem to been conflated with the
23:09 Nazi base to create stories about secret
23:11 missions and UFOs it all just comes
23:13 together into a nice conspiracy stew and
23:15 speaking of the sightings of UFOs that I
23:17 was talking about most of the crashed
23:19 UFOs I was talking about can easily be
23:21 explained as rocks or mountain peaks or
23:22 tipped over icebergs the fact of the
23:25 matter is Antarctica is a very strange
23:28 alien landscape where things don't look
23:31 normal because they're not normal and
23:33 it's just really easy to apply wild and
23:35 crazy stuff to the things that you see
23:37 that don't make sense to you by the way
23:38 one more thing I didn't even talk about
23:40 this earlier but um the Earth isn't
23:42 Hollow and Antarctica isn't a Gateway
23:44 into the planet the hollow Earth theory
23:47 actually goes back to Edmund hiy um the
23:49 same guy behind Haley's Comet who came
23:51 up with the idea in the 17th century but
23:53 this theory has been disproven since the
23:55 1730s and modern science has proven that
23:56 the Earth is actually composed of rock
23:59 and iron it's all right there trust the
24:00 shirt people now what does make
24:02 Antarctica really cool is all the
24:04 research and scientific experiments that
24:06 are being conducted there
24:09 including the life in Lake VTO no it's
24:11 not a monster octopus but yes they have
24:13 found evidence of life down there so in
24:15 1998 a joint team of scientists drilled
24:17 an ice score down to Lake Bostock
24:18 looking for life and by the way if
24:20 you're thinking to yourself oh God did
24:22 they contaminate a potential ecosystem
24:29 years well you're ahead of me the team
24:30 was made up of scientists from Russia
24:32 France and the US and the ice core they
24:33 drilled was one of the deepest ice cores
24:37 ever drilled it went down 3,623 M or
24:41 11886 ft that's over 2 mil they stopped
24:43 thankfully about 100 m above the water
24:45 level but even in that ice they found
24:48 extremophile microbes so there's there's
24:50 definitely life down there in 2012 a
24:52 Russian team got a bit more bold and
24:54 were're able to actually collect water
24:55 from the lake I know that sounds like
24:57 they just dipped a ladle down there and
24:58 took a sip but they were actually really
25:00 careful about it so here's how they did
25:02 it they drilled down to like just above
25:04 the water barrier and then slowly just a
25:06 little bit at a time pushed forward
25:07 until the pressure from underneath
25:09 forced the water up into the bore hole
25:11 and then they pulled the drill out as
25:12 soon as the water went up there that
25:14 water then froze which plugged up the
25:16 hole and then they drilled into that
25:18 plug and collected a sample from that
25:20 ice that was made from Lake water this
25:22 method has been used several times since
25:23 then and there are samples that have
25:24 been studied and the consensus seems to
25:27 be that there's a diverse and teeming
25:29 ecosystem down there DNA sequencing
25:32 found over 3,500 unique Gene sequences
25:34 94% of which were bacteria and 4% were
25:36 from more advanced UK carot these
25:38 species were described mostly As what
25:40 one would expect to find in you know
25:42 brackish water around deep sea sediments
25:44 and thermal vents but while the vast
25:46 majority of the life that was found was
25:48 unicellular organisms there was some
25:50 multicellular ones in there nothing much
25:51 more complex than that
25:55 though except a team in 2020 found DNA
25:57 that was 97% similar to a type of rock
25:59 CA that lives off the coast of
26:02 Antarctica called noemia Corps now most
26:04 don't think that there's actual species
26:06 of cod living down there um it's
26:09 expected that's a contamination of some
26:11 kind cuz there has been some
26:13 contamination yeah Lake VTO has been a
26:14 bit of a flas point among
26:16 environmentalists because water samples
26:17 have shown traces of kerosene and
26:19 antifreeze in it yeah one of the
26:20 problems that they ran into when they
26:23 were drilling this again 2 m long bore
26:25 hole is that sections of this bore hole
26:27 would freeze over so the Russians
26:29 started using kerosene and freon to keep
26:30 the holes open and
26:32 lubricated and they didn't just use a
26:33 little bit they used 60 tons of the
26:35 stuff now it wasn't like they were just
26:37 pouring it into the lake there were only
26:38 trait amounts that have been found in it
26:40 but still anyway there's a whole debate
26:42 around that but that's just one thing
26:43 that's been studied in Antarctica we
26:45 studied things like the ozone hole
26:47 milliony old DNA neutrinos from outter
26:49 space and evidence of fires during the
26:51 time of the dinosaurs oh remember that
26:52 Mars meteorite that they thought might
26:54 have had fossilized bacteria in it yeah
26:56 that was that was found in Antarctica
26:57 they've also used Antarctica to study
26:59 Team D Dynamics for future missions to
27:01 other planets all of which is really
27:03 cool but this video is already running
27:05 really long so I'm going to add an extra
27:07 section to the version that I upload to
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27:11 there yeah in my last video I used a
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27:23 love YouTube but I got to be honest um I
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27:30 I make the rules you know there's been a
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27:35 God Bless but you know nebula's been
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29:16 anyway that's it for now thank you guys
29:17 so much for watching please share down
29:18 in the comments what your favorite
29:20 anarctica fact is if there's anything
29:23 that I missed or whatnot and uh outside
29:24 of that you guys have a good rest of
29:26 your week stay safe and I'll see you
