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This content explores intriguing anomalies and mysteries surrounding ancient history, from potential man-made structures in Antarctica and the debated age of the Sphinx, to the nature of cursed objects, the biblical city of Sodom, and the preservation of ancient knowledge in Pompeii.

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on the bottom of our planet lies The

Frigid land of

Antarctica the coldest and most

inhospitable continent in the

world stretching over 5 million square

miles Antarctica is covered in ice

sheets that reach more than a mile

deep the average daily temperature is

49° f and wind speeds can reach over 100

mph today the only inhabitants of this

Baron landscape are scientists who work

in research stations scattered across the

the

continent mainstream geologists have

long believed that ancient humans never

settled on Antarctica because of its

hostile climate but

incredibly in

2016 satellite images revealed a curious

formation emerging from the ice that

some researchers believe could

be a man-made pyramid

recently there have been a number of

reports of pyramids huge Great Pyramids

in Antarctica they jut out of the ice

and snow and they look perfect just like

those in Egypt but they dwarf those in

Egypt like the Great Pyramid one has a

perfectly square base that is 2 km

Square in each Direction

is it possible therefore that our

ancestors did actually reach the Antarctic

Antarctic

continent and perhaps even settle there

a man-made pyramid beneath the Antarctic

Ice if such an incredible notion is true

then it naturally begs some

questions how was such a massive

structure built on Antarctica when was

it done and by

whom Antarctica we have been told from

the geologists has been under ice for

many millions of years however there is

evidence that it could have been free of

ice certainly in certain

areas until perhaps 4,000

BC there are a large number of stories

from Polynesia of so-called culture

Heroes who reached the Antarctic

continent a French academic by the name

of aror put together all of these

different stories in a book titled out of

Antarctica the Polynesian people's

stories describe This Strange Land with

these white rocks that come out of the

water which are icebergs and other

creatures such as seals and Penguins and

seem to describe an area that we now

know as

Antarctica the Polynesian peoples

believed this was the place of the

ancestors and they said this is where uh

we came from originally why did they

believe this if this was

untrue is it really possible that the

coldest place on

Earth was once warm enough to be

inhabited by

humans well in 2017 German geologists

collected core amples

from deep within the frozen Antarctic

seafloor in order to analyze what the

continent's climate might have been like

thousands of years

ago what they discovered was

astonishing in the case of that

expedition in early

2017 we used a very special seaf Flor

drill r that uh hasn't been used before

in Antarctica so when we used this

special drill rig

and the settlement came up we saw

immediately more than 60 different taxa

of plants similar to something that you

would find in a rainforest in a

temperature regime that was similar to

what we today know from Northern

Italy and finding that on the Antarctic

continent that was the most exciting

thing because the climatic conditions

doesn't today allow any vegetation to

survive under those conditions So based

on that location and the environment we

found I think that the Antarctic

continent and the secrets that still

need to be recovered will tell us a lot

about planet

Earth Cairo

Egypt sitting at top a plateau just a

few miles west of the Nile River is the Giza

Giza

necropolis perhaps the most famous

collection of ruins in the entire

world believed to be constructed during

ancient Egypt's fourth Dynasty around

2550 BC these Limestone monuments

attract thousands of tourists every day

who come to Marvel at the immense

pyramids forbidding

tombs and a mysterious Stone Sentinel

known as the

Sphinx I think you can argue that the

Sphinx is the most recognizable statue

anywhere in the

world its scale is

immense it's one single piece of

stone it is cut from the natural rock of

the Giza

Plateau the Sphinx stands 240 ft long 66

ft tall and 62 ft

wide for thousands of years this massive

statue has been an object of both

Fascination and

wonder but even after centuries of study

the Sphinx holds many secrets that

archaeologists are still trying to

unravel the Sphinx that we know today

the Sphinx from the Great Pyramids of

Giza is the most famous of all sphinxes

but there are sphinxes all over ancient

Egypt there are smaller sphinxes there's

an Avenue full of sphinxes between the

temples but the great sphin of Geer is

something very different it's a single

sculpture it sits in a very particular

place it doesn't seem to have performed

the same function at all what was it for

this is what we really want to

know no one has understood exactly what

means because for literally thousands of

years the Sphinx was buried up to its

neck in sand so it's only a head

sticking out of the sand for much of its

history there is a very famous painting

of Emperor Napoleon standing in front of

the Sphinx buried still at this point up

to its shoulders you might think what

does Napoleon got to do with Egypt and

the Sphinx well in fact Napoleon LED an

invasion of Egypt in

1798 which had a big impact back in

Europe in raising awareness and interest

in ancient Egypt

sites it wasn't until the 1920s that a

team of archaeologists led by engineer Emil

Emil

Barz succeeded in unearthing the Sphinx

from the Desert Sands they were able to

expose it and to so to reveal for the

first time in centuries that this was

not just a head a disembodied head but a

a full Sphinx

sculpture and this is a watershed moment

for us understanding what the

Sphinx archaeologists and egyptologists

like myself believe that the Sphinx was

sculpted around 2500 BC by King keine as

a part of his funerary complex but a lot

of Scholars disagree about the sphin and

there's a lot of mystery surrounding

when was the Sphinx actually

sculpted one of the most important

documents we have to do with the dating

of the Sphinx is the inventory

Steeler this is a commemorative stone

that actually records details of how the

Pharaoh kufu repaired the Sphinx after

lightning the significance of this is

that kufu came before cfre the pharaoh

who is conventionally said to have

constructed the

sphin the inventory Stella has an

inscription that goes back to about 4600

years ago and that inscription says that

the Sphinx is a much older structure

that the Egyptians adopted and repaired

and venerated

based on the inscriptions on the

inventory Stila there are some

archaeologists who believe that the

Sphinx is so ancient that it could

predate any records in human history

that are known to

exist and some researchers are convinced

that physical evidence of the Sphinx's

true age can be found on the structure

itself the first time I visited the

Sphinx was in the summer of 1990 my

early studies of the Sphinx looked at

the erosional features on the body of

the Sphinx and comparing that to other

erosional features right on the Giza

plateau and what I found was the body of

the Sphinx and the walls of the Sphinx

enclosure are weathered differently than

everything else on the Giza

Plateau the rest of the plateau shows

classic wind

erosion but what is on the Sphinx is

water weathering it's rainfall

precipitation and this makes no sense

when the Sphinx is sitting on the edge

of the Sahara Desert that has been a

bone dry desert for literally thousands

of years so what I concluded is that the

body of the Sphinx and therefore the

original Statue had to go back to

prahara times when there was a much more

temperate climate much more moisture

much more rainfall and it has to go back

not just a little bit into that period

but quite far back given that we have

incredible amount of weathering and

erosion on the

Sphinx I now think that it goes back to

the end of the last ice age Circa 10,000

BC I am convinced that it is a ruin from

Cincinnati

Ohio just outside the city on a normal

Suburban Street in an ordinary

neighborhood is the home of Greg and Dana

Dana

newerk from the outside their home is

not much different from any other house

on the Block get some Fork action going

on yeah but inside it contains something quite

quite

extraordinary because there is a room in

the basement that is filled with a

collection of strange objects sent by

people from all over the world that are

believed to be

cursed Greg and I lead normal lives and

we we go about our life the same way

that everyone else does we just happen

to be caretakers for very strange

objects the way that we got started

collecting cursed objects was complete

accident it wasn't something that we had

set out to do

never would have imagined myself doing

this we were just interested in in general

weirdness my wife and I investigate all

manner of high

strangeness and we were both very

interested in the idea of cursed objects

we slowly gained a reputation as being

particularly good people for this and so

anytime anyone had a problem with an

artifact they would come to us and say I

don't know what to do with this this

thing is affecting my life will you just

take it off my hands it'd be easier to

just give it to you and let you deal

with it so we built up this collection

of very bizarre

things visitors to the new Kirk's home

are given ample warning that the

basement is filled with objects that are

cursed we have a lot of haunted robes

but curiously every day the new Kirks

receive requests from people who are

eager to view their cursed collection

you think with cursed objects you want

to avoid them but there is a draw to

them when an object is said to be cursed

another word you could use is special

it's special if this chair is cursed

it's different from every other chair in

the world and that makes it unique that

makes it interesting and that draws our

attention every single time and the fact

that that specialness is that it hurts

people that appeals to a certain maab

streak that we all have as human

beings people think of cursed objects as

being being kind of fun and spooky but

working with them it feels a lot less

about that and a lot more about that

kind of heavy responsibility to keep

some of these objects with us under lock

and key and maybe out of the wrong

hands and maybe in a place that's safer

not only for for everyone else but for

them the new Kirk's collection includes

several objects that are considered to

have the power to inflict harm on anyone

who comes near them

this is the cursed deer skull we drove

down to Nashville to pick up from a

woman who saw this in an antique store

and took it back to her office and

almost immediately her employees started

getting sick one of her employees was

hit by a car and then the wall that this

was hanging on actually fell down and

took half of the building with

it there are certain objects

specifically in our Museum that without

people knowing why they feel this the

way that they feel they will definitely

have heart palpitations

anxiety we've had people almost faint

we've had people throw up we've had

people dry Heap people have very

visceral physical reactions to being

objects among the accursed objects in

the new Kirks collection is a deadly

ring that is claimed to kill anyone who wears

wears

it a Bible used during a failed exorcism

and a doll that is believed to spread

illness wherever it

goes but of all the cursed objects the

Newks have come across there is one that

is so harrowing they refuse to keep it

in their collection it is an unsettling

wooden Effigy known as the

Chrome the Crone really is the

definition of kind of a cursed object it

is a carved statue of a woman someone at

some point in time took this object and

attached The Noose and the

nails it was given to us by some hikers

who found it in the cat skills off the

beaten path in a

cave they took it home and initially

started to experience really frightening

things their animals were behaving

strangely they were finding wet

footprints on the ground and they didn't

know what to

do someone who we had work worked with

previously put them in contact with us

and after you know having some

communication with them they they sent

the Crone to us people who would get

near the Crone they would be just

overwhelmed with

anxiety this guy came all the way from

Canada to come and see the Crone he

begged us to take it out of the

box almost

immediately his eyes roll up in the back

of his head and he starts to believe

from his

mouth and he has a violent seizure and

he has to be taken out by the paramedics

and that's when Dan and I looked at each

other and we said we have to do

something about

this it got to a point where the Crone

was just too dangerous for even us to

take care of and what we wanted to do

was bring her back to the cat skills

which is where she's [Music]

[Music]

from to remove the Cron's curse the new

Kirk's plan was return to the area where

it was originally found by two hikers

many years

before at which point they would remove

the nails embedded in the Crone in a cleansing

cleansing

ritual we wanted to bring her back and

every time a nail was pulled out the

intention was that we were pulling that

curse out of the

object we hiked into the woods for

miles and I set up a circle the idea of

setting up a circle was basically just

to create an energetic space for

containing this

ritual the whole time we were doing this

we were hearing

footsteps and strange sounds that

weren't animals around our

Circle but we couldn't see

anything we were absolutely terrified

but we start performing the ritual I

pull the nails out soon as that happens

we feel this almost electric pop in the

air when we were done every coyote on

the mountain just started

howling and the ritual was finished and

what we were looking at was just a block

of wood and we just kind of knew that we

had done what we went there to

do in the lower Jordan River Valley 8

mil north of the Dead Sea

a distinct Ridge rises from the

landscape but this is no ordinary

Ridge because buried under layers of

dirt and rock are the ruins of an

ancient city that dates back almost 4,000

4,000

years modern archaeologists have named

the site tal El

hamam when you look at tal ham from

satellite imagery it's long and it's

narrow it's about a mile from anend to

end we believe that as many as 50,000

people occupied the city according to

experts tall El hamam is shrouded in

mystery we don't know what it was named

in ancient times or who lived there but

in recent years some archaeologists have

theorized that tal El hamam is actually

the ruins of the biblical city of

Sodom in Genesis you have these cities

Sodom and more and there's wickedness

there's inequity in the city but then

God decides no this city is doing a

horrible kinds of things so I'm

literally going to rain fire sulfur down

I'm going to destroy this

city God said enough is enough fire and

burning Stone came forth out of the

heavens from Yahweh and consumed the

city in fact the Bible says that every person

person

crop plant tree twig anything that was

living was destroyed the Sodom and gomor

story is fascinating and it's meant to

be a metaphor an understanding of oh

when human beings don't do what they

should do here's what God does to

destroy us you it's God's power being

manifested it's an act of

God the destruction of Sodom and

Gomorrah has long been associated with

the wrath of God until recently many

scholars thought that the story was only a

myth so why do some experts now believe

that tal El amam could be the remains of

the city of

Sodom there is more geographical data in

the biblical text for the location of

Sodom than there is for any other

biblical site the Bible was very very

clear that it was north and east of the

Dead Sea and it was very clear that it

was east of Jerusalem and Tama matches

geographics of the text it matches the

time frame of the text it matches all

the possible descriptions of the text

describes it the idea that tal Elam

matches the location of Sodom in the

Bible is

intriguing and researchers also claim

that there is physical evidence on

site that confirms the biblical

description of sodom's Destruction

the actual destruction event is recorded

in just two verses in Genesis 19: 24 and

25 where it talks about the fact that

rock and fire came down from the heavens

and destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah one

theory is that an incoming meteor or meteor

meteor

fragment exploded over the North End of

the Dead

Sea and destroyed talah

ham there are there are numerous proxies

that give strong indication that an air

burst or impact event have occurred the

first is the evidence of thermal damage

that's represented through melted

building materials and partially melted Pottery

Pottery

fragments the second is the appearance

and occurrence of microspheres very very

tiny spherical shaped melted pieces of

mineral grains and sand

and the third is a high concentration of

rare Earth elements Rare Earth elements

are very common in asteroids not so

common on the earth what's interesting

is that the middle layer of tal hamam

has a really high salt

concentration it's so salty that a lot

of times we excavate Pottery that's just

coated with thick salt crystals that's

pretty unusual why is is that layer so

salty well it's the same salt as found

in the Dead Sea probably because this

airburst event pushed a massive amount

of dirt water and salt over the

landscape a meteor explosion in the sky

if tal El hamam really was Sodom could

such an explosion be the reason why the

city is now buried in dirt that has a

high concentration of salt

some experts believe the answer is yes

and they point to the biblical story for

further evidence of the connection

between the destruction of Sodom and

salt the story of Sodom essentially

picks up in Genesis 19 where you have

these two angels that look like men who

travel down to visit lot who's living

down in Sodom and lot shows them

tremendous Hospitality you're supposed

to be kind to immigrants you're supposed

to be kind to foreigners as lot has

done God has decided to destroy the city

because of its

wickedness so the Angels grab lot and

his family and as they're leaving Sodom

the Angels give them the command don't

even look back and then you have this

fascinating detail where it says that

Lot's wife turned and looked back and

she turned into a pillar of salt

what could be the significance of Lot's

wife turning into a pillar of

salt does this detail from the story

support the theory that a meteor

explosion in the sky buried Sodom in tur

and salt

perhaps but is a meteor explosion a

natural event or is it an act of God

there's been a lot of question about

fire and brimstone coming down from the

heavens right this is one of these

Unexplained Mysteries and there have

been a lot of theories and this probably

has something to do with wanting

evidence that proves Faith a lot of

people believe in these stories and

archaeology can confirm them I think

from a point of view of science as we

look at the biblical text and we look at

the statement of this was fire and

burning Stone from God out of the

heavens if such an event actually

occurred would it have left some

evidences around well of course yes

that's all confirmed by the Science Now

science can't tell me one way or the

other whether it's an act of God but the

event is

confirmed Pompei Italy 79

ad at approximately 1:00 p.m. on a

peaceful late summer day this ancient

Roman city in the shadow of Mount vvus

is shaken by a massive volcanic

eruption within minutes superheated gas

and lav engulf the city and its

surroundings in an instant thousands of

people are buried alive as a city that

was once their

tomb nearly 2,000 years after the

eruption pompe is a city that remains

Frozen in

time this eruption was what we call a

pyroclastic eruption where clouds of of

Ash and debris hundreds of degrees hot

came flowing down the mountain flash

flying everything in its path and

miraculously the heat of this Cloud was

enough to carbonize and preserve rather

than destroy all kinds of information

we have well-preserved

architecture wood and organic materials food

food

stuffs human

remains animal remains that have been

preserved for 2,000 years beneath uh

this volcanic

debris today the excavated ruins of

Pompei offer archaeologists and tourists

a breathtaking look at the doomed ancient

ancient

city perhaps the most intriguing

Discovery found beneath the ash from

Mount vesuvius's eruption was an ancient

Roman structure located not far from

pompe known as The Villa De

papyri the villa de piri was a Roman

luxury Villa that was full of sculpture

and marble and bronze The Villa was

discovered by chance in 1750 by well

diggers who tunneling about 75 ft

through volcanic debris first hit a

colored marble floor with an amazing

pattern made up of bright red and yellow

Marbles and we think this was once the

vacation home of a Roman senator of the

highest rank of an old Noble family

named Lucius calpernius

piso the volcanic ash that buried Villa

De papayi did not only preserve the

physical structure it also entombed a

library that contained more than 18800 Papyrus

Papyrus

Scrolls these scrolls are an

extraordinary record of the thoughts and

writings of people who lived nearly

ago those texts were discovered when the

city was excavated and some of the

artifacts were first found they people

who discovered them didn't know what

they were they thought that maybe they

were pieces of branches or logs because

they were rolled up and carbonized until

someone finally realized these are texts on

Papyrus the villa de piri library is

significant because it's the only

surviving library from Antiquity with

its contents there were Scrolls found

that date to the 3D 2nd and 1st Century

BC in the 1st Century ad about 300 of

them or so have been

unscrolling they contain mostly philosophic

philosophic

texts some poetry some literary

criticism a little bit of history but

many of the scrolls are so tightly bound

together and carbonized that there's

them fear of damaging the Scrolls has

left many of them virtually untouch for

over a 100

years but new technology has presented a

potential opportunity to read these

mysterious ancient

texts scientists in the computer science

department at the University of Kentucky

have developed a new method known as virtual

virtual

unwrapping which uses a sophisticated

x-ray machine to scan the Scrolls

without damaging them the virtual

unwrapping that we innovated basically

allows a

360° set of views to be collected from

an object that rotates in front of an x-ray

x-ray

beam this is a real scroll that's 2,000

years old and in

crosssection we can see there's there's

damage there are parts that are missing

sections that are broken now we're using

our software for the Second Step which

is to trace these wraps all the way

through so that we can build a 3D model

that lets us flatten that out and then

read the text that's on it and once

we're done we've achieved this image

it's on the left which is the final

completely unwrapped

version this is a quote from

democratus who was an early Greek

philosopher and is very well known for

having postulated with others that

materials are made of

atoms I think it's remarkable that 2,000

years ago Greek philosophers were

postulating what we now know is true from

from

science thus far the team has been able

to digitally scan two complete Scrolls

and a number of

fragments they hope that in the future

technology will advance and allow them

to reveal even

more but what Secrets might be contained

in those 2,000-year-old Scrolls one

exciting possibility that has been

suggested is that the original letters

written by Jesus's Apostle Paul could

have been kept within the library of

villa de

papy The Villa of the hyrie was in tuned

about 40 to 50 years after the death of

Jesus at this time the original Apostles

are now outdoing their mission work in

various parts of the

Mediterranean so it's entirely likely

that the Villa of the papy could have a

collection of copies of Paul's

letters if the letters from the Apostle

Paul circulated and found its way into

the collection such a discovery would

represent the earliest Christian

material that we have almost dating back

to the time of Christ and the disciples

being able to use these techniques to

understand history in a way that's

almost forensic is going to bring

surprising things forward and we're

going to be revealing more secrets than

we'd ever imagined before [Music]

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