0:07 [Music]
0:09 thank you
0:12 track one
0:15 hey Jenny oh hi Steve nice to see you
0:18 good to see you too how's it going fine
0:20 thanks I'm so glad the exams have
0:23 finished me too so are you going on a
0:26 holiday this summer yes I've decided to
0:28 go to Mexico for the whole summer
0:31 vacation six weeks in total that sounds
0:34 great what are you gonna do there well
0:36 actually it's a working holiday I'm
0:37 going to work at a school teaching
0:40 English to Children what about you I'm
0:42 going to Paris for two weeks are you
0:45 going with your family no I'm going with
0:47 my best friend we've enrolled in a
0:49 language school to study French that
0:57 track two foreign
1:03 Royal Mount Hotel how may I help you hello
1:05 hello
1:07 um I'd like to book a twin room please
1:09 for next week one minute please I'll
1:12 just check if we have one available yes
1:15 we do sir now I just need to take down a
1:18 few details if I may yes of course what
1:21 name is the booking under my name Duncan
1:27 Jeffrey that's Geo double f r e y g e o
1:30 double f-r-e-y and could I have a
1:38 5762-23821 when will you be arriving sir
1:41 sometime on the evening of the 19th of
1:44 September yes and we'll be leaving on
1:46 the 23rd how much will that be in total
1:51 so that's a twin room for a twin it
1:54 would normally be 235 pounds but I can
1:56 give you a special rate as it's low
1:59 season 210 pounds for the six nights
2:01 great thank you and how would you like
2:04 to pay sir we accept cash check or
2:07 credit card I'll pay cash on arrival if
2:09 that's okay of course sir we look
2:15 track three
2:17 so what are the differences between
2:20 these four hotels well the main
2:22 difference is in the facilities they
2:24 offer the hotel Sunshine is the only one
2:27 which has a gym and it's also got one of
2:29 the top Health Spas in the area it's
2:31 next to a lake so you can do water
2:34 sports there but if you really like
2:36 sailing or water skiing then the
2:38 Highland Hotel would probably be the
2:40 best place because it offers great
2:42 instruction programs in these Sports
2:46 actually I'm not a sporty person okay
2:48 um well what about the hotel come in
2:51 here it's a brand new hotel and it
2:52 Prides itself on its Cinema and
2:55 multimedia Center and then there's the
2:58 Royal this one has a conference room a
3:01 meeting room and free computer access
3:03 but it's not really appropriate for
3:05 children there's not much in the way of
3:08 entertainment well I'm going on holiday
3:11 not to work and it's just my wife and me
3:13 so I think we'll book with the hotel
3:19 track four
3:22 so there's a great walking tour tomorrow
3:25 morning or tomorrow night we could go on
3:27 the cruise around the harbor what do you
3:29 think John well we've got theater
3:31 tickets for tonight so we'll be too
3:32 tired for the walking tour in the
3:34 morning but I don't fancy the cruise
3:38 either why not it'll be fun look it's a
3:42 dinner cruise and it's only 12 each I
3:44 hate the sea and I'll be sick with fear
3:47 if the waves are big and dinner on a boat
3:48 boat
3:50 I just couldn't but we'll be in the harbor
3:51 harbor
3:54 still now what about this there's a bus
3:57 tour tomorrow evening it's only 5.50 and
3:59 goes all around the main tourist sites
4:02 yeah that sounds okay but I'd much rather
4:08 track five
4:10 where shall we eat tonight well there
4:13 are plenty of options the guide says
4:14 this city has hundreds of restaurants
4:16 what kind of food would you like to have
4:20 John well I quite like seafood there's
4:22 the Captain's Table on First Street the
4:25 guide gives it four stars hmm I don't
4:28 know the hotel receptionist told me the
4:30 service is slow but if you like seafood
4:31 there are a couple more places in the
4:36 guide ah yes mangans or Joe's Cafe what
4:38 about those Sam mangans could be a good
4:41 option it's nicer than Joe's Cafe and
4:44 there are fantastic views as well we'd
4:47 probably pay a bit extra Joe's Cafe is
4:50 much cheaper but we're on holiday I
4:52 think we should Splash out that sounds great
4:53 great
4:56 oh no hold on it's closed tonight and
4:58 what a shame should we go to Joe's Cafe
5:01 then yes I suppose we'll have to I'll
5:03 give them a call and book a table can I
5:07 use your phone uh no sorry I've left my
5:09 phone in the hotel
5:11 we can ask the receptionist to do it
5:13 let's go back now and sort it out we can
5:15 get change and have a drink before
5:26 hello how can I help you
5:29 um hello is it possible to book a bus
5:32 tour of the city here of course sir when
5:33 would you like to take the tour there
5:35 are tours in the morning afternoon and
5:37 evening sometimes it's nice to see the
5:39 city at night with the buildings lit up
5:42 we'll be going out for dinner tonight so
5:44 we prefer to go this afternoon oh and
5:47 it's for two people right now I just
5:50 need some details can you give me the
5:53 names of the two people please yes Susan
5:57 field and James Carter Susan field and
6:00 James sorry can you spell your surname
6:04 for me please it's Carter
6:07 c-a-r-t-e-r thank you and can I have a
6:09 contact telephone number why'd you need
6:12 one just in case we have to cancel the
6:15 tour and need to contact you I see well
6:18 my mobile number is zero seven nine
6:21 double eight six three six one nine
6:23 seven that's zero seven nine double
6:26 eight eight six three six one nine seven
6:29 now can you also tell me which hotel
6:32 you're staying at the Crest Hotel oh uh
6:34 no sorry that's the hotel we're staying
6:37 in next week it's the Riverside Hotel oh
6:41 the Riverside is a Lovely Hotel are you
6:44 enjoying your stay yes we are very much
6:46 we definitely recommend it to others oh
6:49 I am glad now I can book you on the tour
6:52 at 4pm would that suit you alternatively
6:55 there is one at two two would be better
6:58 for us please right that's booked for
7:01 you sir two people at 2PM today August
7:03 the 14th you pay the bus driver when you
7:06 get on and it's four pounds per person
7:15 can I also ask you about the museum in
7:17 the main Square I was reading about it
7:19 in my guidebook and was shocked to see
7:22 that the entrance price is 10 pounds why
7:24 does it cost so much well the museum has
7:26 the largest collection of Latin American
7:28 Art in Europe people come from all over
7:31 the world to see it but that's not the
7:33 reason why it's so expensive to get in
7:36 you see the building is very old and it
7:38 needs repairs the 10 pound ticket cost
7:40 will go towards repairing the roof and
7:43 the walls I see well I suppose it's
7:45 worth paying 10 pounds to see the
7:48 collection yes I think so too is there
7:50 anything else I can help you with
7:52 actually there is I was wondering if you
7:54 knew of any good restaurants in the area
7:57 well there are a few restaurants near
7:59 the harbor and a couple on the beach
8:01 which are nice the problem is that the
8:04 smell of the fish market is quite strong
8:06 down there I don't think my girlfriend
8:08 would be very pleased I know what you
8:12 mean it's not very romantic is it my
8:14 advice would be to go to the next town
8:17 it's bigger and the restaurant selection
8:20 is wider you can get there by taxi and
8:22 it only takes about 10 minutes the town
8:25 is quite picturesque is it for a special
8:27 occasion yes it's my girlfriend's
8:29 birthday so I'd like to go somewhere
8:32 special uh do you know any of these
8:33 restaurants well enough to tell me about
8:36 them well I know about a few of them and
8:39 there are pictures in this leaflet here
8:43 oh this one here is lovely the Bell View
8:45 and it's extremely popular it has a
8:48 famous chef so it's not cheap but the
8:51 standard of the food is very high it's
8:53 right by the Sea and there are wonderful
8:57 views if you get a good table then
8:59 there's the Lighthouse Cafe you can see
9:02 the picture here which isn't really a
9:04 cafe at all in fact it's a great
9:07 restaurant and a lot of TV celebrities
9:10 and actors eat there the place has been
9:12 going for over a hundred years it's
9:16 quite an institution around here I'm not
9:18 sure about those two they sound too
9:20 expensive to me I was thinking of
9:22 somewhere small not too up Market but
9:24 with good food in that case what about
9:27 Harvey's the same family has run this
9:29 restaurant for over a century and it's
9:31 reasonably priced and really popular
9:34 with local people oh and there's another
9:36 family-run restaurant Stonecroft house
9:39 new owners took over a month ago and
9:41 they're getting good reviews there's a
9:43 new Chef there and the food is meant to
9:45 be very good this leaflet has the
9:46 contact details for all the restaurants
9:49 so you can just call them if you'd like
9:52 to book a table great thanks you've been
9:53 very helpful
9:55 Track eight
9:58 hello everyone sorry to interrupt your
10:00 class I just want to make a quick
10:03 announcement about our summer timetable
10:06 Shimmer's dance school will be offering
10:08 new classes this spring due to strong
10:11 demand Angela Stevenson will be back
10:14 this term running the ballet class this
10:17 class will be on Tuesdays and instead of
10:21 the normal hour from 6 30 to 7 30 we'll
10:23 be running the class for an hour and a
10:26 half so it'll continue until 8 o'clock
10:30 this means we have to charge higher fees
10:33 but only slightly higher from 8 pounds
10:36 50 to 10 pounds 50. that's only two
10:39 pounds for the extra half hour next
10:42 Janine Davis will still be teaching the
10:45 Tango classes instead of being on
10:47 Mondays these classes will be on
10:50 Wednesday nights from seven o'clock to
10:53 eight o'clock the fee will still be 7
10:56 pounds 50 for the hour last but not
10:58 least Andrew is taking over the tap
11:02 class this class is for early risers as
11:05 it starts at 8 30 on Saturday morning
11:08 and finishes at 10. we expect this class
11:11 to be very popular as tap is a great way
11:13 to get fit while learning new dancing
11:17 skills this will cost 11 pounds all the
11:19 other classes remain the same as the
11:21 winter timetable we hope there's
11:24 something for all of you at Shimmers
11:27 track nine
11:29 Internet safety is a big concern
11:31 nowadays and to protect your children
11:33 and teenagers online it's a good idea to
11:35 monitor the sites they visit
11:37 don't be put off from letting your kids
11:39 use the Internet it's essential for
11:41 their education and can help them make
11:42 friends too
11:45 now let me tell you a bit about some
11:47 sites we found for children of course
11:49 there's a limited number of sites for
11:51 the very young but we would suggest one
11:55 called playtime online it's designed for
11:57 children from four to six years old it's
12:00 really colorful and helps children learn
12:03 skills for games children love it and it
12:06 helps them when they begin School
12:08 then from say five until about 10 years
12:11 of age there's a really useful website
12:14 called moving up this takes playtime
12:17 online a step further and enhances the
12:20 maths and language skills of the child
12:22 teachers speak highly of this site for
12:24 child development
12:26 when children get into their teens the
12:29 internet can be a more dangerous place
12:32 net aware for the 12 to 16 year age
12:34 group makes young people more aware of
12:37 online dangers it's a good site for your
12:39 child to look at before they start
12:40 surfing on their own
12:44 now all teenagers love chatting and chat
12:47 electric is a site designed specifically
12:50 for teens from 13 to 16 to make friends
12:53 online with people their own age
12:56 the last site is invaluable for teens
12:58 studying for exams
13:01 16 to 18 year olds love test doctors
13:03 which is a site designed to help
13:05 students revise for their exams and is
13:07 full of Handy hints and tips
13:10 the site is run by subject Specialists
13:18 track 10.
13:20 the health and education summer camp in
13:21 the county of cork in southern Ireland
13:24 is ideal for young people who'd like to
13:27 learn new sports and activities it has a
13:29 beautiful location near a river and
13:31 occupies five acres
13:33 the camp has two types of accommodation
13:36 tents and caverns both of which are
13:38 modern and comfortable
13:40 the cabins are by the river and the
13:42 tents are on Higher Ground away from the
13:45 river and next to the washrooms there
13:47 are two washroom blocks fully equipped
13:50 with showers as well as toilets we also
13:52 have facilities for cooking here we
13:55 provide all the pots pans utensils
13:57 all cooking is done in the cooking area
13:59 which is situated in the center of the
14:02 camp this gives the camp a real social
14:08 track 11.
14:10 the Duke of edinburgh's award is a
14:12 program of activities designed to help
14:14 young people from all backgrounds
14:16 develop personally there are three
14:20 levels bronze silver and gold and for
14:22 each level participants have to complete
14:24 a series of activities in four
14:28 categories volunteering physical skills
14:30 and Expedition
14:32 this talk will explain what you have to
14:35 do in order to get a Bronze award
14:38 the first thing you need to do is find a
14:40 Duke of Edinburgh center near you this
14:43 could be your school college or youth
14:45 club then you'll need to pay a small fee
14:48 to enroll in the program once you've
14:51 enrolled you'll get a welcome pack which
14:53 explains the four categories in more
14:55 detail then you can start planning what
14:58 to do you can do many different types of
15:01 activity for each category but you must
15:03 get them approved by your Duke of
15:05 Edinburgh coordinator before you start
15:07 so you don't waste time doing something
15:09 which is not approved
15:12 the other important person is your
15:15 assessor this is the person who will
15:17 certify that you've completed each
15:20 activity by signing your record book
15:22 after you've completed all the
15:24 activities and the time given your
15:26 recesser will send your record book
15:29 results to the operating Authority who
15:31 will check it if everything is
15:33 satisfactory you'll get your certificate
15:35 and badge to confirm you've completed
15:38 the award and after that you can start
15:45 track 12.
15:48 good morning everyone and thank you for
15:50 coming to find out more about the new
15:52 team program here at the Park Hill
15:55 Leisure Center I'd like to take you
15:57 through the program the classes
16:00 available describe the building itself
16:02 and then give you some information about
16:05 how to register and sign up for the
16:07 sports and activities we offer
16:10 afterwards you'll have an opportunity to
16:13 take a tour of the center we also have
16:15 some taster sessions with our
16:17 instructors which we hope you'll enjoy
16:20 and which will motivate you to sign up
16:22 let's go through the classes first
16:25 as you can see from the Teen program
16:27 handout in your pack we have lots of
16:30 classes on offer our instructors are
16:32 highly qualified and have lots of
16:35 experience training young people Diana
16:37 is our dance instructor and she gives
16:40 classes in jazz and salsa on Wednesday
16:44 and Thursday evenings respectively Jim
16:46 usually takes the football practice
16:48 sessions but this year he is branching
16:51 out into American Sports and will be
16:53 running the baseball club on Saturday
16:56 afternoons we think this will be very
16:59 popular so Steve will now run the
17:02 football practice this class has been
17:04 changed from Saturday to Sunday
17:07 afternoons Steve will also take the
17:09 skateboarding class on Monday evening
17:12 the roller skating course is for
17:14 beginners and this will be taken by
17:17 Stella who was last year's under-21
17:20 London roller skating Champion so you'll
17:22 be in good hands with her expert advice nice
17:23 nice
17:26 the day of this course is still to be
17:28 arranged but it's likely to be Tuesday
17:31 we'll confirm the day by the end of this week
17:32 week
17:35 track 13.
17:37 now some of you won't have been to Park
17:40 Hill Leisure Center before so let me
17:41 just tell you a little about the layout
17:45 as you can see the reception area here
17:48 is very spacious and there is plenty of
17:50 room to meet your friends and have a
17:53 drink we also have brand new dance
17:56 studios with floor-to-ceiling mirrors
17:59 and the latest audio equipment the dance
18:02 studios are to the left of the reception
18:06 area behind the swimming pool no sorry I
18:09 meant opposite the swimming pool both
18:11 the roller skating and skateboarding
18:14 classes will be held in the skate arena
18:17 this has also been refurbished and we
18:19 have a new five meter ramp in there
18:21 which is proving to be popular
18:24 the arena is behind the changing rooms
18:27 which you can see behind us between the
18:29 gym and Tennis Courts the tennis courts
18:32 are on the right of the Arena you'll see
18:33 both of these new spaces on the tour later
18:34 later
18:37 now the final thing I want to talk about
18:40 is how to join the Park Hill Leisure
18:42 Center and enroll for the classes
18:45 first you need to complete an enrollment
18:48 form with some of your personal details
18:51 including your address and telephone
18:54 number and the name of your school
18:56 if you're under 16 years old then you'll
18:58 also be required to get your parents
19:01 permission to take part in the classes
19:03 please ask one of your parents to sign
19:06 the authorization form attached to the
19:09 enrollment form you'll find the form in
19:10 your information pack
19:13 when you've done this you just hand the
19:16 forms to reception you can pay an annual
19:18 subscription of 20 pounds or
19:21 alternatively you can pay each time you
19:22 use the facilities
19:25 there is a one pound 60 admission fee in
19:26 this case
19:29 whether you decide to pay in one go or
19:31 with each visit you still need to
19:33 complete the forms in your pack and
19:36 become a member once we have the forms
19:38 we'll send your membership card to your
19:41 home address all you need to do is show
19:43 this card every time you come to the
19:45 center and if you want to book a class
19:48 you just need your membership number on
19:50 your card
19:52 track 15.
19:55 hi everyone how are you all I'm fine
19:58 thanks Linda actually I'm not feeling so
20:01 well I think I've got a cold oh no
20:03 Stephen I'm sorry to hear that what
20:06 about you Joanne I'm fine but I'm very
20:09 busy with my biology course oh me too
20:12 there's so much work to do in that case
20:15 we should get started on our essay John
20:18 do you want to start okay let me start
20:26 track 16.
20:28 we've really got to decide who does what
20:31 for our Natural Earth Project okay Alice
20:34 well we've got all our Cloud research so
20:37 let's decide how to break it down well
20:39 we should probably start by saying how
20:42 clouds are formed good idea and then
20:44 maybe move on to the different types of
20:47 clouds we can separate it into low-lying
20:50 medium level and high clouds what do you
20:53 think Jenny yes I think that's a good
20:55 idea and we should also make a
20:57 PowerPoint to make it a bit more
20:59 interesting and put in pictures of the
21:02 different clouds good idea Jenny we
21:05 should probably have cue cards too I'm
21:07 useless at remembering what to say
21:10 without them yes me too well I'm quite
21:12 happy to organize everything we found
21:15 out about clouds and make sure it fits
21:17 since our presentation times actually
21:20 I'd better do that I've got all the
21:22 research on my computer so it makes
21:25 sense how about if you make the
21:27 presentation slides Carl okay Alice
21:30 that's fine by me well if you guys are
21:32 gonna do that then I'll look on the
21:33 internet for pictures of the different
21:36 types of clouds that'll be great Jenny
21:38 I'll also make the prompt cards so we
21:40 don't forget what we're saying during
21:42 the presentation sounds great let's have
21:45 a run through on Tuesday what sections
21:47 does everyone want to talk about I don't
21:50 really mind I hate speaking in front of
21:52 people so I'd prefer not to do the
21:55 introduction I don't mind I'll do that
21:57 if you don't want to talk much then why
21:59 don't you just do the middle bit about
22:02 the medium level clouds yes I can do the
22:05 low level and high level clouds part I'm
22:07 sure Jenny can handle the summarizing
22:10 too thanks guys we can all take
22:16 track 17.
22:21 hi Roger Debbie Hi how are you oh I've
22:22 been struggling with my natural Earth assignment
22:24 assignment
22:26 it's proving to be really difficult the
22:29 one for Professor black me too I'm
22:31 writing about volcanic activity what are
22:34 you doing yours on acid rain I thought
22:36 that would be okay but the process is
22:39 really complicated well I can help you
22:42 with it I know a lot about acid rain I
22:44 studied the causes and effects last year
22:47 really oh that's great I've done some
22:50 work on the causes I'm going to write
22:52 that acid rain is caused by sulfur
22:55 dioxide from power plants and smelters
22:58 basically this reacts in the atmosphere
23:01 to form acid rain ah but it's not just
23:04 sulfur dioxide it's also nitrogen oxides
23:07 really yes when things like car exhausts
23:10 but aren't nitrogen oxides also caused
23:12 by natural events too yes they're a
23:14 minor Factor but I think they're worth
23:18 mentioning but sorry carry on thanks I
23:21 might add that so anyway these emissions
23:23 react in the atmosphere with water
23:27 oxygen and oxidants to form acidic
23:30 compounds like sulfuric acid these
23:32 compounds Then Fall to Earth are you
23:34 going to mention the different ways they
23:37 return to the ground do you mean wet and
23:40 dry deposition yes so you've done a bit
23:43 of background reading then yes so if
23:46 I've got it right acid rain often comes
23:49 down as rain but also as snow or fog
23:53 this is wet deposition I'm also going to
23:55 Define it as any form of precipitation
23:58 that removes acids from the atmosphere
24:00 yes I think that's a good term to Define
24:05 it dry deposition well I think that's
24:07 when the pollutants stick to the ground
24:08 through dust
24:10 I'm not really sure how to define it
24:13 though compared to wet deposition just
24:16 think of it as any pollutants that are
24:18 not caused through precipitation that's
24:20 probably the best way
24:22 did you know that sunlight can enhance
24:24 the effects of acid rain as well no I
24:27 didn't oh there's so much to think about
24:30 I'm sure I'll go over my word limit well
24:32 you sound like you know a lot about the
24:34 subject just try and keep your focus
24:37 I've had the same problem writing about
24:45 track 18.
24:47 do you want to make a start in our
24:49 Natural Earth Project I think our idea
24:51 of a lightning safety presentation is
24:54 great don't you Rachel yes I think it'll
24:56 be really good I have a few ideas
25:00 already oh great me too I think we
25:03 should divide it into two parts what to
25:04 do if you're inside when lightning
25:07 strikes and what to do if you're outside
25:10 what do you think that's good but we
25:13 need more something about planning for
25:16 this kind of event and also what to do
25:18 if someone gets hit by lightning oh I
25:21 can't believe I forgot that of course
25:23 well what should we talk about in the
25:26 first part I think we should say it's
25:28 important to be aware lightning is
25:31 always before rain so don't wait until
25:34 it rains as soon as you hear thunder or
25:37 lightning you should get inside okay yes
25:40 and then if you're indoors you should
25:42 avoid water stay away from doors and
25:45 windows and don't use the telephone
25:48 phone or any electrical equipment in
25:51 fact if you can switch it off first and
25:53 you should wait half an hour after the
25:55 last clap of Thunder before going back
25:58 outside and if you're outside when it
26:01 storms you also need to avoid water try
26:04 and get inside as soon as possible there
26:06 are certain things you should avoid Open
26:10 Spaces anything large and made of metal
26:14 and of course the obvious one trees but
26:16 we should mention that if lightning
26:18 strikes very near you you need to crouch
26:22 down oh is that right I thought you had
26:24 to stand still no that's actually wrong
26:27 you're supposed to crouch down and put
26:29 your hands over your ears the noise can
26:32 damage your hearing if you don't
26:35 okay I think we've got quite a lot here
26:39 only the last part to go now what to do
26:41 if someone gets hit
26:43 I think we should say that it's very
26:45 rare for someone to get hit by lightning
26:48 our talk sounds as if there's danger all
26:50 around we should try and make it sound a
26:53 bit more reassuring yes you're right
26:56 we'll say it doesn't happen often it's
26:58 just better to be safe than sorry but
27:00 what should we say about getting hit by
27:02 lightning well I think we should say
27:05 it's safe to touch people who've been
27:07 hit by lightning they don't have any
27:09 electrical charge if there's a first
27:12 aider around then they should help them
27:14 otherwise it's just best to call for an
27:16 ambulance and we should remind our
27:19 audience that 80 of lightning victims
27:21 don't get fatally injured that should
27:28 track 19.
27:31 so I think we'd better start planning
27:32 what we're going to do for our group
27:36 project have you guys had any ideas I
27:37 was thinking we should do something on
27:40 extreme weather events but I think Alex
27:44 had some different ideas yes maybe we
27:45 should look into more localized weather
27:47 conditions and the effects on the
27:49 immediate environment that's a good idea
27:51 Alex but I don't think we'd be able to
27:54 get much data on that and we don't
27:56 really have time to do our own research
27:58 what about doing something about the
28:01 seasons I think the seasons might be a
28:03 bit too wide-reaching you know when we
28:06 take into account the wind patterns and
28:09 pressure systems maybe you're right well
28:11 how about Tom's idea of extreme weather
28:14 conditions yes that sounds like a good
28:17 idea it's easy to break down into
28:19 separate parts and it certainly sounds
28:21 more interesting I'd quite like to cover
28:24 monsoons I've been doing some reading on
28:26 them and they're quite interesting well
28:28 that sounds good we should maybe take
28:31 two areas each that would make it easier
28:32 for us to focus
28:35 well we've got lots to choose from we
28:37 could do blizzards heat waves droughts
28:40 Cyclones there are loads why don't you
28:43 do blizzards too Tom I don't fancy doing
28:45 them but I wouldn't mind doing something
28:48 on floods they're linked to monsoons I
28:51 think so it will be an easy transition
28:53 what do you fancy doing Alex well I
28:56 could always cover wins but that isn't
28:59 really extreme enough well I could do
29:02 hurricanes they're pretty exciting how
29:05 about doing Cyclones Emma I'd rather do
29:07 heat waves and droughts I think I know a
29:09 bit about them I don't know anything
29:12 about Cyclones Cyclones are really
29:14 interesting I can cover them that sounds
29:16 great I was thinking about doing
29:18 Cyclones but I'm happy for you to do them
29:19 them
29:22 track 20.
29:25 right shall we get started on some of
29:28 the content yes we haven't got that much
29:30 time does anyone know anything about
29:32 their topics I know quite a lot about
29:35 Cyclones do you well I studied them at
29:38 high school you know Cyclones usually
29:40 start near the equator they need quite
29:43 warm water to form above the warm water
29:46 The Vapor in the air forms clouds and if
29:48 there is low pressure then these clouds
29:51 will start to rotate isn't it also the
29:53 fact that the Earth rotates too which
29:56 makes the clouds spin more yes that too
29:59 once they begin rotating they can either
30:02 lose momentum or keep Gathering momentum
30:04 until they hit land these ones are
30:08 called mature Cyclones luckily as soon
30:10 as they hit land they start to lose
30:13 momentum and fade away just because they
30:14 don't have the warmth of the ocean
30:17 underneath well that's a relief they can
30:19 still be really destructive they are
30:22 like a big circle of wind they blow
30:24 strongly until the eye of the storm
30:26 passes you know the center where
30:28 everything is really quiet no wind or
30:30 anything but then the other side hits
30:33 and the winds blow just as strongly but
30:35 in the other direction it's just amazing
30:38 yes I would really like to cover that
30:40 well it looks like we've got it all
30:41 arranged then
30:44 track 21.
30:47 my family isn't very big there's just my
30:50 son and me I'm a single parent
30:52 for the last 10 years I've been
30:54 concentrating on looking after my son
30:57 James who's now 14. but now I've met
30:59 someone special and we've just got
31:03 engaged my fiance has four kids of his
31:05 own and we're gonna get married in July
31:07 James is really excited about it he's
31:09 looking forward to having brothers and
31:12 sisters in his new Step family
31:16 we live as one big extended family there
31:19 are seven of us in our household besides
31:21 my husband and me and our children
31:25 there's my aunt and two of my cousins I
31:27 stay at home and care for my mother
31:29 because she's quite old and can't look
31:32 after herself obviously we suffer from a
31:34 lack of space in the house but we all
31:40 track 22. one
31:42 one
31:45 firstly I'm going to talk about the role
31:46 of the parent
31:49 secondly I'll discuss the role of the
31:52 child and lastly we'll look at the
31:55 family unit as a whole two
31:56 two
31:59 parenting is a difficult job because no
32:03 two children are ever the same three
32:04 three
32:07 families are important because they form
32:09 the basis for socialization
32:12 additionally they educate and protect
32:16 4.
32:19 the family structure has varied greatly
32:23 over time that is different times have
32:25 had different views of what a
32:28 traditional family structure is
32:32 5. many argue that less traditional
32:35 structures are not as effective however
32:40 there is little evidence to support this
32:44 6. many people are having families later
32:45 in life
32:48 consequently the rise in the number of
32:53 7.
32:56 families in other parts of the world
32:59 differ from the Western Norm for
33:01 instance In some cultures having
33:05 multiple husbands or wives is the norm eight
33:07 eight
33:09 although there are many arguments for
33:11 trying to keep the traditional family
33:15 structure strong I feel a key issue is
33:18 the economic necessity of having a
33:25 truck 23.
33:28 as we have seen changes in the structure
33:30 of the family are constantly occurring
33:34 extended to nuclear patrifocal to a more
33:37 equal footing between the Sexes and dual
33:40 parenting to single parenting
33:43 however a recent phenomenon in the UK
33:46 which is changing the traditional family
33:48 is the increasing number of adults who
33:50 continue to live with their parents
33:53 until their 30s or sometimes even their forties
33:54 forties
33:57 the UK has traditionally been a society
34:00 where Offspring leave the family home in
34:02 their late teens or early twenties to
34:05 set up their own home and families but
34:09 in the last 25 years this has decreased
34:11 official statistics released by the
34:13 office of national statistics show that
34:16 today 10 percent of men in their early
34:19 30s still live with their parents this
34:21 Compares with five percent of women in
34:23 this age range
34:26 the reasons for this are complex and
34:29 varied it cannot be denied that some
34:30 people are choosing to stay at home
34:33 living with parents can be an easy
34:36 option food is provided Heating and
34:39 electricity are paid for and rent if any
34:40 is minimal
34:42 however a third of those surveyed
34:44 claimed they are living with their
34:46 parents because it is too difficult to
34:48 get on the property ladder
34:50 house prices in the last few decades
34:53 have risen dramatically property is now
34:55 five times the average annual salary
34:57 whereas it was only three times the
35:00 average annual wage in the 1980s
35:03 this fact coupled with high unemployment
35:05 amongst young people makes it virtually
35:08 impossible for a single person to buy a
35:10 home or even rent
35:13 a number of students going on to higher
35:15 education has also been steadily increasing
35:16 increasing
35:19 many of these students return home after
35:21 finishing their studies as a result of
35:24 the student debt they have accumulated
35:26 it can take many years to pay this off
35:29 and if the burden of rent or a mortgage
35:31 is added to that it can be just too much
35:34 for a young adult's pocket
35:37 however help is now at hand the
35:39 government is tackling some of the
35:41 problems that cause people to remain
35:44 with their parents with a new scheme the
35:46 affordable housing scheme
35:49 this aims to help people part by a house
35:51 or flat by making housing more
35:54 affordable for first-time buyers and
35:56 possibly taking the strain away from
36:03 track 24.
36:06 the family is a topic which we will look
36:08 at in great detail this term for
36:11 sociologists the family is often seen as
36:13 the beginning of socialization
36:16 indeed it is the seed of society itself
36:20 in recent decades many old people have
36:22 no longer been able to rely on their
36:24 offspring for support which was common
36:25 50 years ago
36:28 many children are brought up by only one
36:30 parent something virtually unheard of
36:33 before the 1960s
36:35 we can certainly say that during the
36:37 last half century we have seen an
36:39 enormous change in traditional family structures
36:41 structures
36:43 the extended family lasted well into the
36:46 early 1900s and this kind of strong
36:49 family unit was essential due to
36:50 property ownership
36:53 housing often was scarce and it was
36:54 necessary for people to live with
36:57 parents and take over the property when
36:59 their parents died of course people
37:01 still benefit from their family line
37:04 still today people generally inherited
37:06 to any money that their mother or father
37:07 might have
37:11 in the UK the last 50 years has also
37:12 seen a decrease in the number of
37:15 Offspring parents have whereas in the
37:18 1950s only 10 percent of Offspring were
37:20 only children
37:22 this number has risen
37:25 nowadays this is the case for just over
37:35 in Victorian times the upper classes
37:37 made up less than three percent of the
37:40 entire population of Britain yet this
37:42 class held more than 90 percent of the
37:44 country's wealth
37:46 this shows the massive Gap there was
37:49 between rich and poor a gap which is
37:52 shrunk considerably in the last century
37:54 today we're going to look at the wide
37:56 differences in Family Life between rich
37:59 and poor in Victorian times
38:02 let's begin with the upper classes
38:04 the other classes of the Victorian
38:07 period were generally the nobility or
38:10 the clergy most of their servants were
38:12 very poorly paid but were always
38:14 accommodated within the homes of upper
38:16 class Victorian families so they didn't
38:19 have to pay for accommodation food and
38:20 often clothing
38:22 the money which they did earn they
38:25 normally sent home to their families
38:27 many Victorian servants came from the
38:29 countryside where the effects of the
38:31 industrial revolution had resulted in
38:34 job losses amongst these servants were
38:36 Cooks housemaids stable hands and butlers
38:37 butlers
38:41 the family would also employ a nanny who
38:43 although employed by the family was not
38:45 traditionally seen as a servant
38:48 anani's primary role was to care for the children
38:49 children
38:50 she was responsible for teaching the
38:52 children how to behave looking after
38:55 them when they were ill and instilling
38:56 discipline into them
38:59 nannies did not however educate the
39:02 children generally children from wealthy
39:04 families did not attend school outside
39:06 the family home
39:08 tutors would come to the house to do
39:10 this and although on occasion mothers
39:12 taught their children to read and
39:13 fathers gave their children some
39:16 instruction in Latin this was not a
39:17 common occurrence
39:21 now the Victorian offer classes have the
39:23 reputation of being quite cruel but this
39:26 wasn't always the case they were also
39:27 quite charitable
39:29 ragged schools were set up with funding
39:31 from the upper classes so that poor
39:33 children could have some form of Education
39:34 Education
39:37 additionally most Victorian parents were
39:39 very proud of their children who were
39:42 often seen as prized possessions
39:45 this goes against the common idea that
39:47 parents were very hard on their children
39:50 in fact the opposite was generally the rule
39:51 rule however
39:52 however
39:54 the situation for lower class families
39:57 was very different in the lower classes
40:00 child labor was Rife children as young
40:02 as eight earned a living as chimney
40:04 sweeps for wealthy houses
40:07 now let's move on to looking at the
40:09 lower class families in more detail
