Let's explore program threats and
understand security vulnerabilities in
operating systems. We will discuss
various forms of malicious software and
how they can affect your
computer. A Trojan horse is a type of
malicious code that appears legitimate
but performs undisclosed malicious
functions when executed potentially
compromising system security. It is
named after the ancient Greek story of
the Trojan War where soldiers hid inside
a wooden horse to enter the city of
Troy. Here are some key characteristics
of Trojan horses. They often disguise
themselves as legitimate software. They
require user activation to execute. They
cannot self-replicate like viruses. They
are often used to establish back doors
and they may steal sensitive information.
Let's explore the common types of Trojan
horses. First, we have back doors which
create unauthorized access points to
bypass normal authentication and gain
remote control of the system. Remote
access Trojans are examples of this.
Next is spyware which monitors user
activities and collects sensitive
information like keystrokes, browsing
history and login credentials. Key
loggers and screen recorders are
examples. Then there is banking trojans
that are specifically designed to steal
banking credentials and financial
information from infected systems. Zeus
and spy are examples of this. Ransomware
encrypts user files and demands payment
for the decryption key effectively
holding data hostage. Examples include
one a cry and ri short message service
or SMS. Trojans infect mobile devices to
send premium rate SMS messages,
generating revenue for attackers at user
expense. Fake instant op fake are
examples of this. Finally, there are
botn nets that turn infected computers
into zombies that can be remotely
controlled to perform distributed
attacks. Mia and emote are examples.
A computer virus is a type of malicious
software that when executed replicates
itself by modifying other computer
programs and inserting its own code.
When this replication succeeds, the
affected areas are then set to be
infected. Here are some key properties
of viruses. They have self-replication
capabilities. They have to attach to a
host file. They modify the code of the
host. Their execution is triggered by
some event. They use evasion techniques
to avoid detection. And finally, they
deliver their payload which is the
damaging part of the
virus. Let's examine the common types of
computer viruses. There are boot sector
viruses which infect the master boot
record of storage devices and activate
when the system boots before the
operating system loads. Michelangelo and
form are examples of this type of virus.
Then there are file infectors which
attach to executable files such as those
with the ex E or C OM extensions and
activate when the infected program runs.
An example is the CI or Chernobyl virus
or the Cascade virus. Multipartite
viruses combine boot sector and file
infection methods and can spread through
multiple vectors. Tequila and Flip are
examples. Polymorphic viruses change
their code structure with each infection
to evade detection by antivirus
software. Stealth viruses hide from
detection by intercepting system calls
and returning fake
information. Macroviruses are written in
macro languages embedded in documents
like Word or Excel files.
A computer worm is a standalone malware
program that replicates itself to spread
to other computers. Unlike viruses,
worms can propagate without any human
interaction, and do not need to attach
to an existing program. Key features of
worms include self-replication without a
host program, network-based propagation,
autonomous spreading without user
action, active scanning for
vulnerabilities, and the ability to
resources. Let's take a look at some
notable computer worms in history. In
1988, the Morris worm was one of the
first recognized worms on the internet.
Created by Robert Morris as an
experiment. It exploited vulnerabilities
in Unix send mail finger and RSH or Rex.
In 2001, Code Red targeted Microsoft II
web servers by exploiting a buffer overflow
overflow
vulnerability. It defaced websites and
launched distributed denial of service
attacks. In 2004, Sasser exploited a
vulnerability in the local security
authority subsystem service oral SAS in
Windows and was created by German
computer science student Sven Jaskan. In
2010, Stuckset was a sophisticated worm
targeting industrial control systems,
specifically Seaman's SCADS systems, and
is believed to have been created to
sabotage Iran's nuclear program. It was
the first known cyber weapon to cause
physical damage.
Malware, short for malicious software,
is any software intentionally designed
to cause damage to a computer, server,
client, or computer network. It can take
many forms and exploit various
vulnerabilities. Common types of malware
include key loggers, back doors,
ransomware, root kits, spyware, adwear,
bots, and crypto
miners. Let's delve into some advanced
malware types.
Root kits are malware that provide
privileged access to a computer while
actively hiding its presence. They often
modify system files or the kernel to
maintain stealth. Ransomware encrypts
the victim's files and demands payment
for the decryption key, often spreading
through fishing emails or exploiting
vulnerabilities. Examples of ransomware
include Wukry, Pedia, Riak, and Crypto
Locker. Crypto miners hijack computer
resources to mine cryptocurrency without
the user's consent and can be delivered
through compromised websites or
malicious downloads. Advanced persistent
threats are sophisticated targeted
attacks that focus on stealing data over
long periods of time and are often state
sponsored using multiple attack vectors
to maintain persistence. Examples
include Stuckset, Duku, Flame, and
Advanced Persistent Threat 29, also
known as Cozy
Bear. To defend against program threats,
employ these strategies. Use updated
antivirus and anti-malware software.
Keep operating systems and applications
patched. Implement strong access
controls and
authentication. Use firewalls and
intrusion detection systems. monitor
system behavior and network traffic,
maintain regular backups of critical
data, and train users on security
awareness and best
practices. If you like this video, hit
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