0:03 all right hello year 12 we are now
0:06 looking at part two which begins with
0:11 this image on page 165 in your novels
0:14 now in your novels you will
0:16 have which is not in this one but there
0:19 is a quote and it says it's from the
0:22 newspaper article a newspaper article in
0:24 the paper
0:26 Pomerania from Germany in the mid 1930s
0:28 and it says Mickey Mouse is the most
0:31 miserable ideal ever revealed healthy
0:34 emotions tell every independent young
0:36 man and every honorable youth that the
0:39 dirty and filthy covered Vermin the
0:42 greatest bacteria car carrier in the
0:45 animal kingdom cannot be the ideal type
0:48 of animal away with Jewish brutalization
0:50 of the people down with Mickey Mouse
0:53 where the swastika cross now that
0:57 extracts on page 164 of your novel and
0:59 that's an example of the na Nazi
1:01 propaganda and uh and the way in which
1:06 they portray the Jews as mice who were
1:08 not in fact great and um Mickey Mouse
1:11 would never be a desirable animal and
1:13 should never be looked up by children
1:17 because um he is in fact and they are in
1:20 fact Vermin the lowest form of life um
1:25 and deserve in the eyes of Nazis to be
1:28 eradicated um then on the next page over
1:30 which is 165 which is this one in your
1:32 novel you've got this um picture and
1:36 he's dedicated this book for rishu and for
1:37 for
1:41 NAA and dashel in ours which I believe
1:43 are his own
1:46 children and this is one of those rare
1:50 images or photographs in the novel um
1:52 and it stands out because there's only
1:55 three times and this is the I think this
1:58 is the second one um and it's an image
2:00 of the innocent and the young rashu
2:03 rashu
2:09 um you know and uh this young boy that
2:13 uh art Spelman himself has competed with
2:17 it's um the ghost of a man that could
2:20 have been that um art has to compete
2:23 with every day for the rest of his life
2:26 um for some reason against this perfect
2:29 child who was never an adult and who who
2:31 won't be remember for the Tantrums and
2:34 um uh anything else wrong that he might
2:36 have ever done but only for this
2:38 beautiful young boy that he was what he
2:42 could have been um and despite the fact
2:43 that arfs he's been in competition with
2:45 him he has taken the time and and
2:49 dedicated this book to him uh you know
2:51 which shows his his
2:55 love and that in innocent image is then
2:58 contrasted with uh this one in our book
3:01 we have a a second image up here on page
3:05 166 which is an overview of ast's camp
3:07 and then um inside of it it's got an
3:09 inset of the Catskills
3:12 Mountains um and New York showing the
3:15 journey between
3:19 um that art has to take to see vladic
3:22 who is um who is staying out of New York
3:24 City and he has to go and visit him um
3:27 but we've got this image here um he said
3:29 that and here where my troubles began
3:33 from asts to the cat skills and Beyond
3:35 so um playing on the word ashz but um
3:37 cat skills are the mountains but it's
3:41 also could be cat cats kill um and cats
3:44 as in cats have lots of
3:46 skills uh there are a few different
3:48 ideas there that you could um have a
3:50 think about why um he's used that
3:52 particular particular wording and what
3:54 what it might mean
3:55 mean [Music]
3:57 [Music]
4:00 um and then we've got chapter one Mouse
4:02 schwitz and we've got them stripped of
4:05 their identities now they're um inside
4:07 the camp behind the bobbed wire they
4:09 lack their own identity they instead of
4:11 being um given a number a pair of
4:14 pajamas um that has a gold star on it
4:23 are all right um and the beginning of um
4:26 part two is um he's writing this after
4:28 the success of part one after it's been
4:31 published because original finally um
4:34 mouse or the complete Mouse um which is
4:37 Parts one and part two that's the final
4:38 product that's what we're seeing in our
4:40 novel but how it was published was
4:42 published as um a Serial which means in part
4:44 part
4:48 um uh in the magazine uh rule I think
4:51 over um many years and then finally was
4:54 put together in the book um and this is
4:56 written after the first part has been
4:57 published and has received kind of
5:00 critical Acclaim it's seem be very
5:04 popular and um Art's kind of later on
5:05 struggling to deal with that and he
5:08 doesn't know really um how to deal with
5:09 that and whether the attention he's
5:12 receiving um is he's worthy of it or
5:14 what he's contributed is valuable Etc
5:17 and it just shows you know um all his
5:19 insecurities in in dealing with that but
5:23 anyway getting back to this we've got um
5:24 a number of drawings of different
5:27 animals here and uh we see that um art
5:30 is trying to figure out how he should um
5:32 represent franois his wife who is French
5:35 and and the difficulty of representing a
5:37 race in this story and this is part of
5:39 the meta narrative this is him writing
5:41 the book and showing the struggle of
5:43 writing the book and trying to come up
5:47 with um characters or or um the
5:50 appropriate image of a character to suit
5:52 a race or a people
5:56 um within his story
6:00 and it shows him trying to mediate his
6:02 uh father's identity with his own
6:03 experience he's trying to figure out
6:06 where they fit in and who he is and um
6:08 he's asking friends well how should she
6:10 be drawn and
6:13 um she suggested you know a bunny rabbit
6:14 and they're debating and that's why
6:16 we've got these different drawings but
6:18 it's just the um the idea of
6:20 experimentation and trying to figure out
6:24 how the best way to present your story
6:26 and explore that story in the most
6:27 accurate way
6:30 possible all right and then we moving on
6:33 here and he says um you know you should
6:35 have married what's her name well no
6:37 sorry this is fris saying this you
6:39 should have married what's her name the
6:41 girl you were seeing when we first met
6:44 Sandra yes then you could have just
6:46 drawn mice no problem so she's getting
6:47 cranky at him because he's saying that
6:49 she needs to draw her differently he
6:50 needs to draw her differently but he
6:52 doesn't know how to he says come on I
6:54 just dated her to get over my prejudice
6:57 against middle class New York Jewish
7:00 women so even Jews can show Prejudice
7:02 themselves they're not immune from from
7:04 being prejudiced against other people so
7:08 they he um you know that isn't that
7:10 doesn't make him racist but he's showing
7:12 some form of prejudice towards Women
7:15 Within his um Social
7:18 Circles um and then we've got um hurry
7:20 your father just phoned he's had a heart
7:22 attack or what oh no um he left this
7:24 number to call we just saw him last week
7:27 on the way out the Bungalow um we
7:31 stopped at the cat skills he looked fine
7:37 him and they decide they've got to go visit
7:38 visit
7:42 him um what a pity you just got up here
7:45 um so they've had to leave where they
7:47 were which was on holiday with their
7:49 friends and they've had to go to the cat
7:55 skills where um vladic is to help him
7:57 because he's
8:00 unwell um and this is um this physical
8:03 journey in the car
8:06 um is part of the mer meta narrative
8:09 he's um really reflecting on what it's
8:11 like to write and whether what he's
8:15 doing is the right thing and if he can
8:19 even if he is allowed to make a
8:22 contribution to um the
8:25 Holocaust um literature which means what
8:27 that means is all the books that tell a
8:30 story about the Holocaust everything um
8:32 from night to the museum that we visited
8:34 on Camp to the Holocaust Museum in the
8:37 United States um to all the other
8:40 written Tales of um survivors and
8:45 historical narratives Etc um is his um
8:48 graphic novel contribution um valuable
8:50 has he added to it enhanced you know
8:52 he's constantly battling with this question
8:53 question
8:57 himself and he says here um depressed
8:59 again and he goes just thinking about my
9:01 book it's so presumptuous of me and this
9:04 emphasis on this word b in bold I mean I
9:06 can't even make any sense out of my
9:09 relationship with my father how am I
9:11 supposed to make any sense of out of
9:14 ashz of the Holocaust so even though
9:15 he's trying to do that with his book he
9:18 thinks like gosh I'm an idiot like why
9:20 would I think that I could make sense of
9:23 it um I'm just trying to Grapple with it
9:25 with this book but why did I think that
9:27 I could make sense of it and he said
9:28 when I was a kid I used to think about
9:31 which of my parents I'd let the Nazis
9:33 take to the ovens if I could only save
9:35 one of them usually I save my mother do
9:38 you think that's normal and she said
9:40 nobody's normal and so this idea of
9:44 um uh normality is a question that he's
9:46 always um wondering about and constantly
9:48 coming back to and he says I wonder if
9:50 Ru and I would get along if he was still
9:53 alive he says your brother my ghost
9:55 Brother since he got killed before I was
9:57 born he was only five or
10:00 six after the war my parents traced down
10:02 the vaguest rumors and went to the
10:03 orphanages all over Europe they couldn't
10:06 believe he was dead I don't think about
10:08 him much when I was I didn't think about
10:09 him much when I was growing up he was
10:12 mainly a large blurry photograph hanging
10:14 in my parents
10:16 bedroom uh uh I thought that was a
10:18 picture of you though it didn't look
10:21 like you that's the point they didn't
10:23 need photos of me in their room I was
10:27 alive the photo never threw Tantrums or
10:29 got in any kind of trouble it was an
10:32 ideal kid and I was a pain in the ass I
10:35 couldn't compete and again we've got
10:38 this idea of a competition he's in
10:40 competition with his dead brother he's
10:42 in competition with his father and the
10:44 pain that he can feel and he says they
10:47 didn't talk about rishu but that photo
10:50 was kind of reproach was a kind of
10:53 reproach he'd have become a doctor and
10:56 married a wealthy Jewish girl the creep
10:59 but at least we could have made him go
11:01 deal with flat it's spooky having
11:04 sibling rivalry with a snapshot and
11:07 that's a very um relevant quote I think
11:09 to a number of questions so I'd
11:10 definitely be making note of this
11:11 passage and it's part of a meta
11:14 narrative reflecting on the experience
11:19 of writing and what and what um trying
11:21 to retell this Holocaust story has has
11:23 um um revealed for him
11:30 and yeah it's sad though he is in
11:31 competition with the photo but that's
11:32 how he
11:34 feels and then we've got this touching
11:36 on this idea of guilt here I never felt
11:38 guilty about rashu but I did have
11:40 nightmares about SS men coming into my
11:43 class and dragging all us Jewish kids
11:45 away don't get me wrong I wasn't
11:47 obsessed with this stuff just that
11:51 sometimes I'd fantasize cyclum be coming
11:54 out of our shower instead of water so
11:56 you can see that he's been deeply
11:58 traumatized by this experience even
11:59 though he says don't get me wrong I
12:02 wasn't obsessed um the fact that that's
12:03 a concern that he had or even a
12:06 nightmare that he had
12:10 um tells us maybe that he knew too much
12:12 um and that he wasn't helped in how to
12:13 deal with
12:15 that I know this isn't same but I
12:17 somehow wish I had been in asts with my
12:20 parents so I could really know what they
12:22 lived through I guess it's some kind of
12:25 guilt about having had an easier life
12:26 than they
12:29 did you know and is it fair that he
12:33 thinks that he should have to feel
12:37 um have experienced that sorry to
12:39 understand them and what they went
12:42 through um it's quite this is quite sad
12:44 and just kind of an interesting point
12:45 that I think you need to spend a little
12:47 bit of time thinking about this spread
12:50 and and what he's trying to say and what
12:52 he's trying to Grapple with I guess it's
12:54 some kind of guilt about having had an
12:57 easier life than them and this I wish I
13:01 had been in Ash with with my parents you
13:04 know really really have a think about
13:07 that why does he wish that what does he
13:10 um does he really want to understand or
13:11 does he want this just to be an
13:13 authentic text I'm not
13:16 sure I feel so inadequate trying to
13:18 reconstruct reality that was worse than
13:22 my darkest dreams and this is feeding
13:24 into I think his own you know
13:28 self-esteem issues and um his struggle
13:32 to um feel like the contribution he's
13:34 making is worthwhile and whether he's in
13:35 fact a valid person to make a
13:37 contribution to this literature this
13:40 Narrative of the Holocaust um you know
13:42 and trying to do it as a comic strip I
13:44 guess I bit off more than I can chew
13:47 maybe I ought to forget the whole thing
13:48 and he says there's so much I'll never
13:51 be able to understand or visualize I
13:54 mean reality is too complex for Comics
13:56 which this is a good one here a very
13:58 good quote so much has to be left out or
14:01 disted Ed and she says just keep it
14:03 honest honey but you could also the
14:05 counter argument to that is that so much
14:08 can be conveyed in images that cannot be
14:10 um conveyed in words and his drawings
14:13 were able to do that so um this quote
14:15 here in this spread would come about if
14:17 you're talking about um how does the
14:21 graphic novel um structure add to the um
14:23 the Holocaust narrative or literature
14:26 and whether it's a valid um way
14:29 to uh write about and EXP for the
14:30 Holocaust experience if the graphic
14:35 novel is is worthy um and I think it is
14:37 and but that's up to you what you think
14:39 but you need to justify what you think
14:40 why you think and you need to have some
14:42 evidence from the text to show the
14:45 debate that's going on for um
14:48 Ry as to whether or not what he's doing
14:52 is is valid all right and
14:55 then he arrives at the cat skills and he
14:57 goes you see how it is now Arty she took
14:59 my money and she ran away or
15:02 how could you do it leave me such a sick
15:04 man like me alone so Mara has abandoned
15:07 him and has taken his money
15:11 seemingly um I haven't read enough about
15:12 this to know any more than that so we'll
15:13 just leave that one there it says look
15:16 how nice I made for you a bed for the
15:18 whole summer you can be comfortable here
15:21 hey we're just staying for a few days PO
15:24 he needs to remind him that
15:28 um they they're not there for Long Haul
15:35 while and this here um I just want to
15:37 take it a step back for a moment this is
15:39 what's called um breaking the fourth
15:42 wall which means it's stepping out again
15:45 it's another level and this
15:48 um this dialogue that they've had did
15:50 this really ever happen no I don't think
15:52 so because what he says is see what I
15:55 mean in real life you'd never have let
15:57 me talk this long without interrupting
15:59 he couldn't have had this whole dialogue
16:01 with her without her
16:04 talking um he's just had to make it up
16:08 to kind of show um his own uh internal
16:12 mental struggle with this writing and um
16:14 drawing and and
16:17 um and how he's trying to communicate
16:19 his father's story um so that's what's
16:21 called breaking the fourth wall you
16:22 could talk about that and if you want to
16:24 learn a bit more about that just Google
16:26 that all
16:28 right and then we'll skip a couple
16:31 couple of pages forward
16:33 forward
16:37 um and we've got the kind of frustration
16:43 and anger of Vlad here who is
16:47 um upset and angry about Mara leaving
16:49 him and he's saying but this she can't
16:52 do she needs my signature AI what do you
16:55 do H I'm just lighting my cigarette and
16:57 he's you know this shows his confusion
16:58 you know you've got the idea of the
17:00 jewel head there [Music]
17:01 [Music]
17:05 um down here only to light the oven I
17:08 use them these wood matches I have to
17:10 buy the paper matches I can have free
17:13 from the lobby of the Pines hotel and
17:14 this is
17:18 again him always trying to save a buck
17:20 and um avoid spending it where he can
17:23 and conserve his funds for a rainy day
17:25 which um seemingly will never occur and
17:26 he's going to have to leave the money
17:28 behind when he passes but he's always
17:31 saving just in case it's like he's
17:33 afraid always that the Holocaust might
17:36 be around the corner at any moment and
17:38 um he needs to be as resourceful as he
17:40 can in order to protect himself and his
17:44 family um but that that um incident this
17:48 moment with the um matches is um one
17:50 point you need to probably annotate here
17:52 and make sure that you're aware of as
17:55 the characterization of who um vladic is
17:57 why he is and what he believes about
18:01 could possibly happen in into him um you
18:04 know that this could the Holocaust could
18:06 could happen again so he needs to
18:09 continue to be resourceful and Frugal
18:11 and and save and save and safe um and
18:13 then at the bottom of the neck spread
18:15 and it says um a nurse it costs money
18:17 you think your father spends money so
18:19 easy poor Mara one time I went to the
18:22 supermarket with her she had to erase a
18:24 hairbrush from the bill because he
18:26 wouldn't pay for her personal items How
18:29 could a couple live like that and so I
18:30 just had to I've just got a scky note
18:32 there about like the family relationship
18:33 the fractured relationship that's going
18:38 on um and how difficult um of how
18:40 difficult vladic is as a person
18:41 person
18:44 and um
18:48 how we need to be um sympathetic maybe
18:50 to some of the other characters in the
18:52 novel because of the way that he
18:56 is um but also realized that Art's
18:59 writing from his own perspective and um
19:00 and he hasn't had the most positive
19:02 relationship with his father and that
19:03 possibly colors the way that he presents
19:06 him in this in this
19:11 novel all right and then we've got here
19:13 here um
19:15 um
19:17 Vlad is kind of hijacking the moment
19:20 with a bit of a guilt trip about what
19:26 do and he says maybe but lots of the
19:29 people are P survivors like those
19:33 um cups if they've if they're whacked up
19:35 it's in a different way from vadex it
19:38 was saying that um everybody is has
19:40 their struggles that they deal with
19:42 after the Holocaust but Vlad is a
19:44 special case and he thinks he's kind of
19:47 more extreme than anybody else and his
19:50 story suggests maybe that's true but
19:54 um who knows um it hits just one story
19:56 and we must always remember that it's
19:59 not what everybody would be like but um
20:02 is one story of of a
20:05 Survivor and he says God if it wasn't so
20:07 pathetic it would be kind of
20:10 funny and um and that is she's talking
20:11 about the fact that since gas is
20:13 included in their rent he leaves a burn
20:17 a little um all day to save on matches
20:18 which in fact the matches are so much
20:21 cheaper than um the gas but he just
20:23 doesn't have to pay for that as part of
20:26 his rent so he thinks it's okay to waste
20:29 it so it's an interesting um Dynamic and
20:31 they're saying you know it's pathetic
20:35 it's also sad and uh unnerving and a bit
20:39 um upsetting maybe for them so and then
20:41 we've got the narration after a few a
20:45 few tents hours later and we've got
20:49 again vadic is blaming art for the
20:51 problems he's having you did this it's
20:53 your fault that I've done this
20:57 um and um him getting angry and calling
20:59 him lazy
21:02 and every job we should make so as to do
21:05 it right away and
21:09 um you know he just constantly puts him
21:12 down and makes him feel um belittled and
21:14 worthless because um he's not living up
21:16 to this kind of ridiculous standard that
21:19 Vlad sets for
21:21 him which is unfair and explains
21:22 probably why the two of them are the way
21:26 they are all right and now this is Page
21:28 184 in your novel
21:30 got this moment down here and it's kind
21:33 of a little moment where vladic
21:36 tries to
21:38 be well tries to reach out to his son and
21:40 and
21:43 um uh bridge that Gap and and bring them
21:47 back together again but um AI shuts him
21:48 down and pushes him
21:52 away because he's frustrated and angry
21:54 at him and
21:58 so um refuses to kind of um forgive him
22:01 and let him in and then um Because
22:03 unless it's about the book or the story
22:05 he doesn't really want to hear about it
22:07 he um just makes him go back to it he
22:09 says well what happened when you and Mom
22:11 arrived there and we separated so we
22:14 step back we see the change in panel
22:16 back into the other
22:19 story and then back out again but you
22:21 need to understand never Anya and I were
22:23 separated no and we going back and
22:25 forward between these panels
22:28 here and they were together even when
22:30 they weren't
22:33 um together showing kind of the strength
22:36 and bond of their relationship um and
22:40 that when um they were what's the word he
22:47 uses says something like um never we were
22:48 were
22:51 separated but the war put us apart so
22:54 they were um forcibly taken apart they
22:56 had no choice in the matter they were um
23:00 simply had to do what they did because
23:02 they were made to by these kind of
23:03 vicious guards and
23:06 men and shut up yids which is an
23:08 offensive term for Jews
23:10 Jews
23:12 and it's
23:15 also um very
23:19 simple uh but when it says shut up Ys to
23:20 the bath house
23:25 quick it's um showing the very potential
23:27 danger of that moment and what could
23:29 have been
23:31 the crematorium which other people
23:33 thought was the bath house when they
23:35 were going
23:38 in all right then we've got this I think
23:40 is it's a particularly powerful panel if
23:42 you just take the time to have a look at
23:44 these images um you've got them running
23:47 after their showers um they're dressed
23:49 in pajamas the brutality of the guards
23:51 and these are the poles treating them
23:53 that way they're stripping them of their
23:55 identity even further they no longer
23:56 have their clothes none of their
23:58 belongings and their identity is taken
24:00 away and they are given instead of a
24:02 number they register us and they took
24:04 from us our names and here they put me my
24:05 my
24:07 number we've got the overlay of that and his
24:09 his
24:13 interjection um of present day over the
24:16 top of the the the historical
24:18 narrative um points to the significance
24:21 of that moment um and the power of of
24:23 what it means when you take away who a
24:25 person is and you strip them of
24:27 everything they are and instead Define
24:29 them as a number you make them less
24:32 human you make them verman so you've got him
24:34 him
24:37 um with human
24:43 face
24:51 got all around was a smell so terrible I
24:53 can't explain Swedish so like rubber
24:55 burning and fat and that's the body's
24:57 burning in the crematorium for those who
25:00 who might have missed that one um
25:02 um
25:04 and you know that
25:08 smell um the smoke permeates Camp life
25:09 it always hangs over them it's something
25:12 they can never escape and you see that
25:14 down here in that image like it's kind
25:15 of an omnipresent
25:18 omnipresent
25:21 smoke um and he's talking about the fact
25:24 that uh Abraham
25:28 who was the nephew of mandom um I didn't
25:36 chimney and he says the Germans didn't
25:38 need them so they finished also in
25:39 ashwoods and so he's talking about the
25:46 um betrayed him I think and I think they
25:48 didn't even mean it oh they didn't
25:50 realize that they had betrayed him
25:51 because uh they didn't know that the
25:53 gods who were trying to move them this
25:54 is when they're being smuggled back
25:56 earlier and we had the train station
25:59 image when they're being smuggled that
26:01 um the Smugglers could speak Yiddish so
26:03 they knew what the um Jews were saying
26:06 to each other and manipulated them
26:08 accordingly all right we've got the
26:12 closeup here of the um of his number and
26:14 it says it ends with 13 the age a Jewish
26:17 boy becomes a man and look added
26:19 together the totals of 18 that's chai
26:22 the Hebrew the Hebrew number of life and
26:24 so he sees this kind of as symbol for
26:26 hope and we see that despite the kind of
26:28 awful situation that he is that he's
26:31 looking for a moment um of Hope and
26:33 potential and possibility and you see
26:36 that his change of face and
26:39 demeanor as he starts to um kind of feel
26:43 rejuvenated or um reinvigorated by this
26:46 this hope for what could
26:48 be and then we move on we've got this
26:52 larger panel and this is a rare um I
26:54 don't recall seeing any other panel kind
26:57 of drawn in a similar light but now it
26:59 was ast's mandal bomb was a mess and he
27:00 used to be this wealthy man and now
27:04 you've got these little um parts of text
27:07 here narrating how he's being kind of
27:08 desecrated from the person that he was
27:11 and he's become this um prisoner with no
27:14 shoe pants too big he always such to
27:15 walk around holding on to it so have a
27:17 little read of that and have a look
27:20 about how um think about how people
27:23 didn't matter who you were um as a Jew
27:25 the wealthiest to the very poorest you
27:27 know could be undone by the Nazis and
27:32 you were used to um to nothing but we
27:36 see that um vladic this is one person
27:41 that um he who exists kind of before for
27:44 him and and he helps him and looks after
27:46 him um not necessarily in that moment
27:58 return and he says you know he needs a
27:59 spoon and he needs a belt and all sorts
28:04 of other things so when um
28:09 vladic is um saved by one of the guards
28:11 a little bit later on because he knows
28:13 the language and he's able to teach um
28:17 him as requested he then takes some of
28:19 the goods that he obtains and he shares
28:23 them with a mandal bomb and helps him to
28:27 survive for some part he says he was so
28:29 happy with this and the Capo knew mandal
28:32 bum was my friend so left him alone how
28:34 long I could I kept him but a few days
28:36 later the Germans chose him to take away
28:39 to work nobody could help this so it was
28:42 finished with mandal bum I never saw him
28:45 more again and you know the finality of
28:47 that moment and kind of the simplistic
28:51 nature of that um narration or that text
28:54 um shows how easily Bonds were broken
28:57 and lost in in the Holocaust you just
29:00 had to move on that's all that you could
29:11 what's keep going
29:14 down I'm just looking through my book I
29:17 think I've skipped a few pages
29:19 pages
29:22 y got the racism here you je you've only
29:23 been here a few days and you're ready to
29:27 do business um this reputation that the
29:28 Jews have have always is being kind of
29:31 out to get their
29:35 own and um this carries on and he says
29:38 um they wanted only to finish everyone
29:41 out it was very hard work and very
29:43 little food maybe they kicked and hit
29:44 him and he's talking about mandal bum
29:47 who he was taken away to work because he
29:50 couldn't work fast enough or maybe he
29:52 got sick so they put him first in the
29:55 hospital and then in the oven you see
29:58 how they did and I had it still happy there
29:59 there
30:02 was happy there for me it was not yet the
30:03 the end
30:05 end
30:08 um and he kind of makes up a story for
30:10 how he thinks manal bomb's life might
30:11 have ended suggesting all these
30:13 alternative but basically it touches on
30:16 all the ways in which the Nazis um
30:19 destroyed the lives of the Jews and and
30:21 systematically took took them apart with
30:23 things like throwing their hat and
30:25 telling him to go and fetch it or um
30:27 just inhumanity of these other things by
30:29 not feeding them so starving them to
30:34 death um them um going to hospital and
30:36 becoming very ill and obviously being of
30:39 no use then as workers so being sent to the
30:47 ovens and then again you've got vladic
30:49 being cheap here and it's a bit of a
30:52 characterization of who he
30:55 is and that's how the
30:57 um chapter ends on that and there's this
31:00 one kind of odd moment where he's kind
31:02 to another lady that's playing Bingo and
31:07 he gives her um his card and it's kind
31:09 of one little moment of kindness that he
31:11 shows in an
31:14 otherwise present day
31:18 um uh story in which he he is not a very
31:22 kind person um to the people around him
31:25 especially the people that love him um
31:27 all right I'm going to leave it off
31:30 there the next one is Ash witz time
31:33 flies but I'm not going to
31:37 do that one for the moment so check back
31:40 in then later in January and I'll have
31:43 done one then all right happy listening
31:45 keep annotating
31:47 yourselves and I'll see you back at school
