Scale and time zone in ENEM. Will it
fall, how does it fall, and how to solve it? This is what I'm
today's class. Hello, welcome!
Welcome to another class of our
extensive ENEM for competencies
and skills, a free
solidarity project here on YouTube to help
students from all over Brazil. We are in
our ninth class. Yes, this is our class
in this project, which has 35 classes,
completely free for you. Let me
introduce myself. You just happened to
stumble upon this video. I want to ask you
to like it and leave your comment,
which I read here with
great affection every week. I'm
Professor Thi. I'm Thi Formaggio. I
'm a specialist in São
Paulo entrance exams in Geography and current affairs, and
also in ENEM. So, I came here to
YouTube, since ENEM is this test that
all students take, to bring
geography to you, just like you see
there in your prep course. But if you can't
afford it, I'm here to
help you and show you that it's always possible. It's
Worth Watching Again. What did
we learn in the previous
classes? Previously, we talked about
cartography in class seven, which was about
projections. Class eight was about map types.
In class 9, we discussed scale and time zone. We
discussed that every map is distorted.
We understood that the projection can be
cylindrical. You met
Mercartor and Pets. We talked about
latitude and longitude. We even talked
a little about the issue of
satellite remote sensing maps. We also addressed this issue
associated with map types: sketches, plans,
topographic maps, anamorphosis.
I showed you how to interpret the
topographic map. In today's class,
we'll talk first about scale
and then about time zones. As always,
you already know that our course is a
strategic course. So, starting from a
question, I'll give you an entire class. One
of the classes we have here is that
class on Earth's movements, rotation and
translation. With a single question from the
Enem (National High School Exam), I practically explained everything
you learn there in your prep course, you learn
there in your school, quickly and
specifically for a test like the Enem,
which is different from the
São Paulo entrance exams. Class n a We're going to talk about
scale and time zones very
quickly, showing you the
reasoning you need to have to
solve this type of exercise. Remember, we
we
talked about how every map is a
cartographic representation. So, we
can put it like this: the
map is a representation of reality,
but we already know that, I know. But
I want to draw on a thread from
previous classes with you: the map is a
representation of
reality. In fact, you can think like this:
like this:
how many times has this
reality been reduced to fit on a
sheet of paper? Because that's not the case with the map.
If you have the map at its real size, it
loses its meaning. The map is the representation
of diminished reality, and that's why
we have
scale. Scale is a
mathematical relationship. I know you learn
scale in math, but I wanted to
show you a little bit about geography, while
always maintaining the idea of
proportionality. A mathematical relationship
between the
mapped area. I like to think like this: if you
want to write it down in pencil, how many times has
reality been reduced to fit on a
sheet of paper? And how do you have to
have this notion? In this way, our
scale can be made of two
It is represented in two ways.
Remember, my dears, that this scale
we are talking about is a
cartographic scale. Be careful because in geography there is
another scale. When I say
this, the global action has consequences
locally, regionally, and globally. This is
a scale, but not cartographic. The
cartographic scale is this mathematical scale, and
we have two types. You can have a
numerical and a
graphic cartographic scale. I will show
you the difference between the two. What would
a numerical scale be? It is a fraction.
fraction. One to
100,000. Let's put 100,000. One to 100,000. Okay, one to 100,000. This is a
a
scale. I mean, 1 cm on the
map is equivalent to 100,000
cm. In reality, these two points are
equivalence points and are equal. So, 1 cm on the
map is equivalent to 100,000 in reality. Or
you can do
this graphically, so you
think of it like this:
0 1
2 centimeters. It is on a graphic scale, by
convention, whenever you see a scale
like this, after zero, each little space has
1 cm 1 cm on the map is worth
1 km in reality, so 2 cm on the map
are worth 2 km in reality. Did you
understand the difference, but teacher, there
's no proportion here. Here are centimeters,
here are kilometers. That's okay because the
graphic scale works. When the exercise
tells you like this: City A and
City B are represented on a
straight line and between them there is 2
cm. What is the
real distance between these two cities? And then you just have to
think: 2 cm = 2 km. 3 cm = 3 km. I
used a very easy example here to make
life easier for you, but I
wanted to show you something, my love, that it
's not with me that you're going to learn. Let
me show you. Remember physics classes,
math classes, when you have
this little table? Come back here on YouTube.
You have incredible and free content
from physics teachers and
math teachers who leave there for you
free classes on
measurement conversion per class, such as scale is a
proportion. To know how many
centimeters on the map are equivalent to so many in
reality, you have to understand the
conversion of these measurements. For example, if
I'm here with a measurement in
centimeters and I want to convert it to
kilometers, I need to 1 2 3 4 5 I'm going to
divide or to be faster, which is
a division, you can think of the
power relationship or simply, you
put it in scientific notation or
simply omit the five zeros and move
with the comma. Okay, now when you're in
kilometers and need to change to
centimeters, then we're going to
multiply. I'll ask you to
remember this in class today because I'm
going to use it. Okay, I know you must be
itching, teacher, but 1 cm on the
map is always equivalent to so many in reality. Here
you gave an example: one to 100,000 is
always a multiple of 10. It's to make the
calculation easier, and here it will always
be one. It will always be one on the map. So
many in reality. And why
couldn't centimeters be like this? Look, 1 m
to so many meters, but wait a minute. When have
you ever seen a map in meters? There's no
map in meters. There's a map in centimeters.
Pro, it could be millimeters. No, by
convention, we have centimeters to
centimeters. Oh, but what if the exercise
gives me millimeters? Then you do the conversion.
If the exercise gives you a distance in
millimeters, but it asks What is the scale?
In the end, you will always have to make
this conversion. So, thinking about this, I
wanted you to help me now with
one that I'm sure
everyone here has confused. I'm sure you've
already taken a test and your entrance exam
small scale. I'll give two examples of
scale before I give the answer.
Will you tell me which is the large? What is the
small? First scale: 1 to
100? Second scale: 1 to 1
million? What is the small scale? Oh,
what a stupid question, right? One to 100? I
know this is from the humanities, right, teacher,
but this question is very
easy. Will it be?
If scale is a fraction, it is a
division? I'm going to ask you to divide
one to
100. Now, I'm going to ask you to divide
one to 1
million. Which value is
million is a
small scale, while one to
100 is a large scale. And you know why
we say large or small? You
will always look at the
details. Do you agree that on a map where
each centimeter on the map corresponds to
100 of reality? I didn't need to
reduce reality so many times to
fit on a piece of paper? Now imagine a globe
where I reduced reality a million
times to fit on the sheet of paper, that's why
it's small. It's small in
detail. Remember this phrase that applies to
life and the entrance exam? I'm going to create a
mug with it. I've already created a
mug with my other phrases. If you
don't follow me on Instagram, please follow me on Instagram. I
'm @profformagio. There I post several
study tips, including my
products, from my
brand. Among them, a beautiful cup called
Água Mole en Rocha (Soft Water in Rock), it lasts so long, it beats until it
hardens. I'm going to create a next one
that's like this:
greatness is in the details. A scale is
large if it's detailed, for example, one
to 100 could be a plant, the plan of
a house, the plan of a city. Now, one
to 1 million is, for example, the globe. But there's
one thing between the plant and the
globe. If I reduce reality 100
times to fit on the paper, it means that
such a large area won't fit. At most, it
fits my house, so it's large in
detail, but it presents a small
mapped area. Now, on a small scale, it
has no detail. But you want the world, I don't. I'll
beforehand. I apologize for my voice
today. I have a sore
throat. Even for those who follow me on social
media, I commented. If you're
watching this recorded class, I'm already
fine, but I'm here despite the
difficulty, trying hard to
put this class on the air for you, right? So
as not to delay the schedule and you can
continue studying and following through so that
next year you can send me a
message telling me about your approval.
Okay, so please, I'll zoom in so
you can write this down. Large scale and
small scale are not about the denominator, they're
about the details. One to 100 has more
details than one to 1 million. It's like
you take a picture. Let me take a
very cute picture that I have here to
show you. Let's go get a
picture of someone very cute. No, it's not a
picture of a person. I think I'll
take a picture of Mrs. Lili. If you don't
know Lili, Lili is my
little dog, and she's the cutest thing
in the world. Let me show you. Oh, wait,
this is Lili. See, I
can see all of Lili, but I can't
see her little face, her little nose, her snout,
but if I
zoom in super fast, look how I can see the
details of this hole. You can see,
but with the details, I lost all of Lili.
I can only see the snout, but I lost
all of Lili. But if I zoom out, I lose
the details, but the represented area increases.
You can think that the
scale is like a zoom. The
more detail you have, the smaller the area
you can observe. It's the famous
choices. But let's talk about
scale calculation. I already understand what scale is,
teacher, but my question is how to
calculate it. How to calculate it, dear ones.
Most students do the rule of three, and
I understand the rule of three is very easy to do.
You should do it like this. But
for those who have a lot of difficulty, I
wanted to introduce you to the Triangle of
Success, which is nothing more than the
scale formula. The scale is equal to desinho
over desão. But easier. The formula
is like this: make a
triangle, make a t of profit, ISS
combined, and remember me and
template here. We will have a
division and Here on this axis we have
multiplication, then
division, multiplication, so I'm going to do the
rule of three. Okay, my love, but I
'm here in a project where there are people who,
like me, came from a
public school, perhaps came from a pandemic and did
n't have in-depth knowledge of this
subject because there was a problem, because there was a
lack of teachers, and suddenly you
can't do so well with
math. That was me. I went to the preparatory
course. I was a scholarship student in a
pre-university course. I got a 100% scholarship
while all my classmates there were
reviewing. I was learning the
content for the first time. So, if there's
one thing my life as a student
has taught me, it's to have humility to learn and to go
back to the basics. I was a student who
needed her teachers to
understand that I had no foundation at
all, and I needed to be humble to
go back to the basics if necessary. So,
for those who, like me, were students who
lagged behind, I'm here to help you,
okay? I was that student, and that's why
I'm here on YouTube to help
people who, like me,
needed this opportunity to
learn and be able to ace the
Enem. to enter university and start
changing your life, okay? That's what I
believe, and I'm here to help you.
So, if you're already very good, skip this
video. Maybe it's not for you, but
I guarantee that even those who think they're very
good. Be humble. We always have
something new to learn. Okay, take
this to life, okay, my angels. It works
like this: basic math. The exercise: we
have three variables. The exercise has to
give you at least two, right? If it
gives you three, you don't need anything. If it
gives you only one, you're screwed. There's no way. So, it
will give you two variables. Let's say it
wants to know. Oh, let me tell you what
these acronyms mean, right? The capital D
scale, and the little Dezinho is the distance on the
map. So, if you want, put it like this. The
real distance is the exercise that will
ask for it, but normally it is given in
kilometers or meters. Or you say it
goes from here to the Pirang post in
centimeters. The scale will be given in
centimeters, always in
centimeters, and the distance is normally
given in centimeters or millimeters, so
please pay attention to the conversion.
Let's say the exercise
gives you three
possibilities, or it wants to know. the
real distance or he wants to know the
scale or he wants to know the distance on the
map if it doesn't give you the real distance just
erase it from the Triangle and just do
do
Scale times
Dezinho if he wants to know the scale
just do desão times dezinho in
this case it is division right
that axis is division let me erase
here desão over dezinho and if you
want to know the Dezinho is also a
division desão over eão okay In other words it
is the rule of three you will see that
doing with the rule of three you get
here but this is for those who have a lot of
difficulty and don't know how to set up the rule of
three to see if you really learned
I wanted to challenge you to do an
exercise let's do together on our
list exercise two since our
focus here on YouTube is an exercise
actually a course focused on
exercises let's take our list and
we will now do the
Enem 2022 exercise a possible flight path
and we read the
statement considering that the distance
between the place where the plane wreckage
was sighted and the city of perte and it
this distance of 2
cm the scale of this representation is then
Hold on, I'll write it down now that he
wants to know the scale. Do you remember how to
find the scale? If you don't remember, in the
corner of your test, you make the
Triangle of Success. Assemble the Dead. You
'll get addicted to this. Hide the scale.
Desão about
desinho, but Professor. He only talked about 2
cm, right? Which is the desinho. Obviously, 2 cm
is not the real distance. And where is the
real distance? The real distance. In the image, it's 2500.
So, let's do
2500 divided by 2. Taís. I already do the
measurement conversion. Look, you can already
do it, but since I'll have to
add a lot of zeros because this is
in kilometers, right? And PR, the scale
is always in centimeters. I'll leave it
to put the zero at the end just to make
the division easier because I want to
speed it up. Okay, let's divide 2500 by
2. Divide it quickly. From your house, for
me, you can even do it in your head
very quickly. We'll have this
result, but you noticed that it's still
in kilometers, but the whole scale is
like this. The scale is equal to 1
cm, two points. Then you copy the
value, but now there's one thing missing.
What are the
zeros if it's in kilometers and I have to
pass it to centimeters I'll have to
multiply let's remember how many
zeros I'm going to add which is nothing more
than multiplying in this case it's five
I'll drag it to you to E since
you know it's five Remember I
warned you I was going to need this here in
your head there to but I don't have it
watch a class here on YouTube of
basic math so because look we
're in kilometers let's go to
centimeters with me one 1 2 3 4 5 let's
add these zeros 1 2 3 4 5 be
careful now it's 1 2 3 point 1 2 3 point
great and then like this you
look for our option which has exactly
here are three zeros here are three
zeros here 125 1 to
125 letter e okay PR I did it with the rule
of three and I rocked it Congratulations to you we've
already had this conversation let's do
another scale exercise you can
apply this I swear ok you can get
any list whether from fuves or
Unicamp it will work do it like this let's
do exercise 4 that it is a
scale exercise, but it is the way that
appears most in ENEM, which is an
interpretation. You already know: we read
directly from the source through a geography of
Power RA party and we will pronounce
modern cartography in the Perspective
described in the text, which began to represent the
earth, giving emphasis to A. So, he is
talking about a more
modern cartography, and what is this cartography
giving emphasis to? People, we will need to
read the text because as soon as
modern cartography is this, there is no way. There was
no knowledge of cartography itself. I do
n't know if you agree. Let's go to the
text. The image or model, that is, every
construction of reality is an instrument
of power. This is reminding me of the
new IBGE map that had people thinking
that for some reason it was controversial
because it placed Brazil in the center.
Every map is political because everything is
political, so there is no neutrality in
cartography. Obviously, the B in IBGE is not a
dot, it is Brazil. So, it is obvious that,
just as several other countries have already
placed themselves in the center, it is a way of
representing China, France has already done
this, the United States too, and
here, our dear Cloue Rafan, a
great The geographer is saying exactly
this to you. I couldn't help but
talk about it, right? The IBGE map is going to fall.
The image or model, that is, the entire
construction of reality, is the instrument
of power, and this has been the case since the origins of
man. An image is a guide to action that has
taken the most diverse forms. We even
made the image an object in itself, and
over time, we acquired the habit of acting
more on the images—simulacra—of
objects, oh, than on the
objects themselves. We could imagine the study of
systems of representation in connection with
the classes that held power throughout
history. Or do you think the
Greenwich meridian was chosen by a draw
on Instagram? I twii. That's right. If you don't
follow me on Twitter, you'll also follow me there.
Everything is political, it depends on the
ruling class that is in power. So, the
statement says:
modern cartography, as described in the text, begins
to represent the earth, emphasizing what
this cartography of Power is on a
large scale, not because a large scale
represents the floor plan of a house and not the
earth. The text talks about representing the
earth. This map tries to represent
areas where there is a geoeconomic domain. I
liked this map. It goes through a
geocentric aspect. What is
geocentric, people? This is strange
because centric gel is Earth, center of the
Earth, but space there, the Earth in the center,
no, but it's the map that already shows the Earth,
but which part of the Earth? I didn't like this one,
but I'm not going to eliminate it right away.
Equivalent cylindrical projection. Nobody
even mentioned it. People representing the
Earth can be cylindrical, it can be
azimuthal. Man, that's crazy. Nobody even
mentioned it. Nobody talked about the type of
projection and letter. And oh, the Earth started to be
represented by colored captions. What
are you crazy about? So, think about it. The
text talks about what Enem is. People, the
text doesn't It doesn't talk about power. Power is not
hegemony, therefore, it's the letter B. Look,
this was more of a geopolitical issue,
but I managed to bring it to the
physical geography class. That's it. Guys, I hope
you liked it. Let's
finish this explanation, yes, it doesn't fall
much. Scale exercise. We will
finish my explanation in a
very simple way, talking to you about the
dreaded, not so dreaded,
time zone from now on. After all, why
time zone? What was the need for us to
create a time zone system? I
'll memorize how I memorize all the time
zones in the world. You don't memorize, my love. The
first thing you have to understand
is that taking the Earth in a
cylindrical projection, we have a
central meridian by convention, not by
Instagram draw, which is the Greenwich meridian,
which was placed as the
Central Meridian in the 10th century due to all the
power of the United Kingdom in that
imperialist era. So, we have to have a
simple reasoning that we had in our
our
360º rotation class. It is the path that the Earth makes in 24
hours. The name of this is rotation. This is a
day, so I have a Question for
you: Let's divide the Earth into bands that
last one hour. So, how many
degrees does the Earth move every hour?
Using the TR 15º rule. So, we
decided that 15º has one hour, and this is
a time zone, but it is the theoretical time zone. Why do
n't we take the Globe and divide it into
bands with a straight line, otherwise the
same city could have two
different times? Then, countries will make
adaptations, as you can see in the
Exercise, there in our list. Okay, I
'll show you what matters is that
you know that by convention, we have to
decide a place where the day begins, and
where the day begins. The day begins in the middle
of the Pacific Ocean, on a line called
Lead, the international date change line.
Our teacher, there are two leads, or did you
become a flat-Earther out of nowhere? That two
leads is the same line that meets in the
middle of the Pacific. If here is zero, here is
180, here is 180, and if you sang 180, 180,
360, you are giving away your age to
me. So, what do you have? A place
where the day begins. So, by convention,
we decide like this. I always put
Japan. here and Hawaii here by convention
Remembering that it is not the sun that moves
but the earth but if you stand still
you will have the impression that the sun
makes this movement always remember that
Japan is the Land of the Rising Sun so the
day rises first in Japan actually
from the middle of the Pacific towards Brazil
you can remember yes the name of this is
apparent movement of the Sun Why
apparent because the sun does not move right
guys Hello hello thank God who
moves is the earth so we can think
like this from the Greenwich meridian
which is our reference Oh and I think
you noticed right that the lid is
exactly thinking of the Earth as a
globe okay if here is the
Greenwich meridian the lid is the line that is behind
the Grinch meridian therefore it is the
antimeridian I know you are not
seeing but get a globe so you can see there is
London right behind it is the lid okay so
we did convention yes because guys the
day starts where I want today the day
started in Brazil for me but by
convention we decided that the day
starts in the middle of the Pacific and runs
towards Japan so when You
use London as a reference. Everyone
who is east of London
is ahead. Draw this in your
notebook. Everyone who is west. Have
you ever had an east-west class
with me? Is it late? Is it late? Is it
ahead? In relation to London, which
is our reference meridian back in the
19th century by convention? Why do
I have to know this? Because now I
'm going to show you, every time there's
a time zone exercise, it will
give you either a value in degrees or it will give you
this: plus 1 plus 2 + 3 plus 4 up to
plus 12. This is what we call UTC
Coordinated Universal Time. Don't worry about
that now. And whoever is west -1 -2 -3
-4 up to -1. How do you know it's
12 one way and 12 the other way? How do
I know 24 hours: 12 this way and 12 that way? Do
n't be afraid. It's simple.
Think about day-to-day life. You've made mistakes so far
because you didn't think about day-to-day life, okay? Or instead
of giving the entrance exam like this, you can
do this here. Look, every 15 minutes. 15
15º 30 45 Why 15 because we
did a calculation remember
here also
15º 30 and so on until we get 12 x
15 which is 180 did you get my
reasoning if not you pause breathe and come
back again because I'm showing you
this come on I can do an exercise
I'll pretend an exercise here
okay the exercise will always take into
account the Grinch meridian I'm going to invent
located in São in fact São Paulo
there is a city located in the state of
São Paulo that is 45 degrees to the West
your clock shows 10 o'clock in the
morning I want to know what time it is in a
city x there that I don't know which one is
at 30º but to the East Ah no I'm
not going to put 15 there I'm going PR
Madagascar I'm going to Madagascar I do
n't know Madagascar is not right at 15º Ah let's go
to a city that is at 15º go a
city x I'm inventing now while
I speak to you I'm in a city x
that is at 15º Oh no, why am I going to
invent it? Let's do an exercise, isn't it
easier? Let me choose an
exercise, all this time was just charm.
Let me see what exercise we're
going to do that talks about this.
Exercise for Enem 2019. Remember I
said that the time zone has
adaptation lines. See, look at the
Grinch meridian itself. See how he does it.
See, cool, right? You can
understand. In fact, this is the
Grinch meridian, which is this line, and here is the
limit of the time zone. Okay, so you can
see. Success, okay? You managed to
visualize it. And then we're going to read the
exercise. The 2014 World Cup match
took place on the 13th at 4 p.m. in
Rio de Janeiro. Considering
daylight saving time in Berlin, we'll have to
add an hour to it. I don't know anything about
daylight saving time. Oh, I
'll explain to you. When it's summer
in that hemisphere, summer means there's
more light. Remember? It's normal for some
countries that want to adhere to
daylight saving time. What they do is advance
their clocks by one hour to be able to take
advantage of more sunlight. So, let's go,
in the summer it gets darker. It's late, right, at
7 p.m., it's still sunny, but then
you advance your clock to 8
p.m. Why? Because then you can take
advantage of it, so while it's 7 p.m.,
your clock already shows 8 p.m., so it's a
way to take advantage of the light. Brazil
no longer has it. While I'm recording
this video, in 2024, Brazil no longer has
daylight saving time, but we already had it.
So, the whole country that is on
daylight saving time is one hour ahead of the
time you're used to
from the Grinch meridian. So, here.
He already said that Berlin is ahead of schedule.
I don't know how to do an exercise like this.
I'll teach you. So, you
'll always draw the Earth on the map. You'll
always draw the Green meridian
because your teacher taught you. You'll
always draw Japan, which is the Land of the
Rising Sun, with reference to
Hawaii, which is one of the last countries in the
world to see sunrise. You'll remember that
towards Japan is more, towards
Hawaii is less. Do this, there, for what
work? I swear it will be worth
it. You'll do this quickly. On the day
of the test, he says we're in Rio
de Janeiro. January PR, but he didn't give the degrees
of Rio de Janeiro. But he gave a map.
Let's take Rio de Janeiro here. You
had to know that it's in the same time zone as
Brasília. Then you're following our time zone, which
is 3. Remember I said plus 1 plus 2,
men-1, men2, and Berlin. He put Berlin, and
Berlin is in the time zone plus one. So I
put this on the map. Look, Rio de Janeiro,
which is still beautiful, is less TR. Why
less? Because it's behind because it
's to the West.
Sorry, guys, I told
you I wasn't very cool, right?
While Berlin is in the time zone plus one.
Okay, but more because it's ahead. What
time was it in Rio de Janeiro? 16 hours.
So I have to find out what time it
will be in Berlin, since Berlin is on
daylight saving time. So, Berlin
will actually be plus one plus one of
daylight saving time. You can leave it to add at the
end. What's the trick?
Now, look at me. What are you going to
do with these values? It could be
degrees, right? The exercise could be given like this:
Rio de Janeiro is at 45 degrees and this one is at
at
15 degrees. It would be the same, but in degrees, it's
more annoying because I would have to
convert. Look what I would have to do.
I would have to
add 45 + 15, it would be
60º, and then divide by 15º
to get hours. Here, I don't need to
do this because I don't need to
do this because it's already written down because
you already have the differences right. Think
with me. From Greenwish to here, there are 3 hours,
right? Why think about Men-1 Men 2 - 3? So
here there are 3 hours. From here to here, there is 1
hour plus one, as they are
different hemispheres, I will have to add three with
1. So I discovered that the interval
between them is 4 hours. Okay, what do
I do with 4 hours? Nothing. I just discovered that it is
the interval between them. Let's look
at Berlin. It
is 4 pm in Rio de Janeiro. What time is it
in Berlin? Just look at the map.
Is Berlin ahead or behind? If
Berlin is further east, it means
that Berlin is ahead, so
Berlin time is 16 hours from Rio de
Janeiro. Plus 4 hours, which is the difference
between them, and then I will have
Berlin time. It would be 20 hours, but not if
Forget it. Let me take out this BR, otherwise it will
look like Brazil, right? I'll put BL for
Berlin. Don't forget that Berlin is on
daylight saving time, so in Berlin it's 9
p.m. Taís. I just didn't understand one thing.
Why did I add 3 hours to 1 hour?
They are in
different hemispheres. PR, and if it were in the same
hemisphere, okay? Let's imagine. So you're
going to leave Rio de Janeiro, which is minus 3,
and you go to Fernando de Noronha, which
is minus 1. You agree with me that it doesn't
make sense for me to add, right? If it's in the same
hemisphere, then I'll subtract because.
What is the interval between three and two,
one hour difference? So in
Fernando de Noronha, which is also
ahead, it would be 5 p.m. Oh, and if I
go ahead and go to Mato Grosso, which is
behind, then you subtract an hour. That's
how you have to think:
everyone going east is ahead.
Everyone coming west is
behind because it's as if the sun had
n't arrived yet. So, alternative. And
now you're going to feel a little angry
because I'm going to solve one of the
most difficult exercises that students get wrong every
year when it appears. It's an exercise.
about the stock market, let me find out.
What is it? Every year I give this exercise
in the courses I teach in
person on my platform. On my
platform, we have a shift, you know,
guys, besides the students attending the
class, we have live shifts, and it's not, no, it
's not with anyone else.
I'm responsible for the shifts, and this
question is always one of the most asked in
this Enem question when it involves the
stock market. Let's read the text. Look,
the world financial market
works 24 hours a day. I'm not saying
that people work 24 hours in the
same place, okay? It's just that the
stock exchanges are
articulated, even opening and closing at
different times, as happens in the
New York Stock Exchange, in the London Stock Exchange, Beijing,
and São Paulo. Everyone who, for
example, is involved in the export and
import of
goods needs to know the
time zone to make use of this
information. So, here, people, you remember
the name of this line where the day begins. It's
there, right? The day starts here. So, don't
forget that over here, oh, here is Japan, right,
over here, they're all
ahead. I would put it like this: oh, and over here,
these people are late, okay, so the day
starts here. I'll even take it out. the word "
advanced" so you don't get confused, just so
we know. Look, the day starts here, so
it starts from Japan towards New
York. It's a new day.
And then the text says, considering that
the stock exchange starts operating at
9 a.m., an investor in Porto Alegre,
which is in Brazil, can say that
the times he should consult the
exchanges and the sequence in which the
information is
obtained are in the alternative there. There was a
student who panicked when he saw this
this
here, he was thinking, "People, I'm going to have to
know the Beijing time," but
he didn't even give me the reference time
for Porto Alegre so I could do the
math. How am I going to have to keep
doing the math? If it's 9 a.m., there was no
need. The only thing you have to
know is that the guy in Porto Alegre at 9
a.m. turned on his
computer. Remembering that it's 9 a.m. in
Porto Alegre, but let's look at the map. If it
's 9 a.m. in Porto Alegre, there in Japan. It
's already night, so in what order does he
receive the information? In other words, who
woke up first and which exchange, in the
order, brought this information. Looking
at the map, I can imagine. What are
the options I have? I have Beijing,
New York, and London. Well, I'll start
with Beijing, so
Beijing, New York, and London. So, which
was the first stock exchange to close so I
could give the information to our
friend from Porto Alegre? So, first,
Beijing started the day and made the
decision, then the day went to London, and
the day started in Porto
Alegre. And Porto Alegre is here. New
York is one time zone ahead. So, when
I opened my office in Porto Alegre
at 9 a.m., the stock exchange in New York hadn't
opened yet, but the Beijing stock exchange
had already closed in London. I don't know, it must have
been half a day already. So, the only thing
you had to do is look for this
order. The order of the information is just that.
Beijing, New York, it doesn't have to be Beijing,
London, New York, no. New York hasn't even
opened. Beijing, London, and New York. Uh, in
New York, it's still 7 a.m. in Beijing. It
's already 8 p.m. in London. Noon, you didn't even
need to do the math, that's all. But
if the math was necessary, he would have
given you the longitude, and he didn't. You
see, he didn't give it, so,
considering that Porto Alegre is in the same time zone,
he didn't give it, so the Enem didn't
expect you to do the math, it
expected you to reason, but maybe
Before our course, you didn't have the
habit of thinking this way, my angel.
Look at me carefully. I hope that you, just
like Thaís in the past, who had a
very outdated education that brought with it
many problems for the entrance exam,
can know that it is possible to learn.
Trust yourself. Put these exercises into practice.
Finish my list and I'll
see you, my angel, next week. Okay, let
me put it here on full screen so I can thank you. Let's
find my
full screen here so I can thank you
very much for another class. I hope
you realize that I'm making
an effort here. It's 9:30 at night
and I'm here recording for you because
the effort I'm making to
help you will be the effort you
will also make to not give up studying
geography this year. I'm not here far
from me with the meritocratic speech. I
know how difficult it is and how much
you shouldn't have to go through this
to have access to a
quality education. But if the entrance exam exists, I
need to help you pass it
more smoothly. Leave your
like, leave here the encouragement for me to
continue this work and I Thank you
for staying with me until here, see you
next week with geology. Kisses everyone.
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