คำบรรยาย YouTube:
HIST 102 #23 - The Napoleonic Empire

ไม่ต้องนั่งดูวิดีโอทั้งหมด — รับคำบรรยายฉบับเต็ม ค้นหาคีย์เวิร์ด และคัดลอกด้วยคลิกเดียว

แชร์:

AutoDub

เข้าใจวิดีโอ YouTube ภาษาต่างประเทศ

พากย์ YouTube เป็นภาษาไทยแบบอิมเมอร์ซีฟ

ทลายกำแพงภาษา เปิดรับเนื้อหาคุณภาพจากทั่วโลก

ใช้ฟรี

คำบรรยายวิดีโอ

สรุปวิดีโอ

Summary

Core Theme

The French Revolution's chaotic aftermath led to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, who consolidated power, implemented significant reforms, and ultimately established a vast empire, only to face eventual defeat and exile.

Mind Map

คลิกเพื่อขยาย

คลิกเพื่อสำรวจ Mind Map แบบอินเตอร์แอคทีฟฉบับเต็ม

hello welcome back to our lecture series

for Western Civilization 102. we are

discussing the French Revolution

and we've learned about the events

leading up to the French Revolution

we've discussed and learned about what

happened during the French Revolution

and how it will result in this reign of

terror and this chaos it was definitely

different from the American Revolution

that had taken place previous to this as

we have found out there was a lot of

executions a lot of people even outside

of France a lot of the the monarchs in

other countries such as Prussia and

Austria will enter into French Affairs

and we will actually have fighting

outside of France and not just within

France itself

so France toward the end of the French

Revolution obviously was in chaos very

very radical in fact we had What's

called the thermadorian reaction

where the Committee of Public Safety was

overthrown because it doesn't seem to be

helping anything uh

and of course ropes Pierre which you've

learned about will actually

be executed as well

and he of course was a very prominent

leader during the reign of terror

so all of this chaos that that results

and and we have a new body created

called the directory here when the

French Revolution they were like a

Council of Elders consisted of five men

and and the directory had executive

Authority here in France toward the end

with the rebellions and the uprisings

that are kind of breaking out because

France is still divided at the end of

the Revolution inflation was high there

was a threat of Revolution against the

directory because it doesn't seem like

they are managing to create any type of

stability or order which is what a lot

of people you know longed for

so the directory would actually call

upon this very brilliant young General

by the name of Napoleon Bonaparte

Bonaparte had risen through the ranks of

the army and I want to say he was like

24 years old when he became a brigadier

general so truly brilliant obviously

they called upon him to help

in fact the directory owed him a debt of

gratitude when Napoleon on October 4th

1795 had delivered what he Napoleon

called a whiff of grape shot which meant

bullets that had saved um

save the directory basically say this

convention and uh and then save the

constitution of 1795 at the time France

actually had gone through quite a few

constitutions during their Revolution

unlike the United States of course there

were major differences between the two revolutions

revolutions

so Napoleon Bonaparte was called upon to

help to help maintain order in France of course

course

um but he will as you'll find out in

this lecture Napoleon will take over

and create a French Empire

he wasn't even he he wasn't born in France

France um

and a lot of historians

are people who study history

have questioned with Napoleon Bonaparte

you've learned about enlightened

absolutism you learned what it means for

a ruler to be an enlightened absolutist well

well

there's arguments made on both sides of

the coin that Napoleon of course wasn't

enlightened absolutist

While others argue that Napoleon was

just a dictator

um of course as you learn more about

Napoleon you can make up your own mind

about that maybe he was a little of both

you'll have to decide that

he eventually becomes a consul for Life

Council of course the name Consul will

hearken back to the Roman early

Republican times

he would eventually be able to name his

successor at will and he could amend the

Constitution at will

now every time he would do something

major like this he would put it before

the French people and what's called a plebiscite

plebiscite

which they would vote and say yay or nay

we approve we don't approve

and quite amazingly truly amazing

overwhelmingly I think just about

everyone said we approve every time

Napoleon had a plebiscite

isn't wouldn't that be great for a

politician if they had that much

approval every time they wanted

something done

now you also learn of course about

Napoleon's reforms that he did he will

institute in France things like the

Napoleonic Code

which was also very important for

Louisiana of course and you'll learn

about his his dealings with the church

maybe maybe you'll discuss that as well

his concordat with the Pope in 1801

but you'll also learn about his mistakes

he had created a continental system in

1806 as it was called and basically

Napoleon wanted to create

an integrated economy on the European continent

continent

and he wanted to destroy the British he

wanted to destroy the British economy

and so we will see that France and

Britain again will have problems I under

the leadership of Napoleon and you'll

see that Napoleon will actually Place

members of his family on the Thrones of

other countries in Europe for example

Spain there's others but that just comes

to mind um

and you will of course learn that

Napoleon will fail

and and why he ends up failing

you know one reason of course you'll

learn about him sure is when he invades Russia

Russia okay

okay

Napoleon invaded Russia in the early

19th century it was a big mistake for Napoleon

Napoleon

and of course Hitler invades Russia

of course in the

early 20th century

or mid 20th century and as we know of

course that was a big mistake for Hitler

in Germany so I guess there's a lesson

to be learned from both Hitler and

Napoleon it's not always a good thing to

invade Russia

but eventually this Empire that Napoleon

creates will not last

Napoleon will eventually be exiled not

once but twice because he comes back and

takes over power

before he is kicked out yet again um

so it Napoleon's just a very interesting

historical figure um

very complex

historical person most definitely and so

let's learn more about Napoleon Bonaparte

Bonaparte

well by the time Napoleon takes over

France the French Revolution is over

Napoleon Rises to power and fame during

the French Revolution and to some extent

overthrows those who are in charge at

the time in the French Revolution in

1795 and establishes himself as First Council

Council

that position will eventually become

emperor of France

transforming France from a republic back

into a monarchy essentially now during

the French Revolution Napoleon who was

born on the island of Corsica

in 1769 Rises to power during the

revolution at a very young age in fact

he becomes a brigadier general at the

age of 25 years old Napoleon is known uh

as someone that is not only very

decisive very intelligent excelling at

things like mathematics

very hard-working capable arrogant all

of those adjectives would fit with

Napoleon very driven man that puts

himself in the right spot at the right

time he's on the right side in the

French Revolution and then when things

drift to uh

come apart in the French Revolution he

quickly allies himself with those who

establish themselves as being the people

in control after the people like the

Jacobins or thrown out of power and

after robe Spear's death he establishes

his uh

significance you might say with the

directory which is the group that ends

up running France after

1795. the the directory this group of

five men who established this executive

control within the French Republic uh

will be saved by Napoleon in 1795 using

his Ultra artillery units to save the

directory that gets him

notice and of course

gets him into the position of being able

to lead a French army into Italy where

he has tremendous success against the

austrians in Italy over a two-year

period basically giving the French

control over the Italian Peninsula and

taking away Austrian control

from there he's going to go down to

Egypt where things don't go so well for

him even though it's a disaster to some

extent with the French wiping out the

French Navy excuse me with the British

not knocking out the French Navy at the

bottle of the Nile on August 1st 1798.

Napoleon's going to slip back into

France to some degree he's able to

control the information coming out of

Egypt which is negative against him in

France and keep his popularity that he

had gained during the certain stages of

the Revolution and then stages of

fighting against the austrians now um

that will enable him to overthrow

eventually the directory and establish

himself as the first Council now what he

does is he writes this new constitution

for France he allows uh the plebiscite

the the people of France this National

vote to take place whether they want to

accept this new Constitution and when is

it is accepted uh Napoleon pretty much

establishes his interpretation over that

new Constitution which is a lot more or

I should say a lot less Democratic than

the people of France probably thought

what happens when Napoleon takes over as

essentially is the executive and the 83

departments that were set up under the

French Republic's Constitution the

Departments are the regions of France

these 83 regions that

were established after the nobility

loses control of uh of the French

provinces these directories largely were

self-governing units with their own

assemblies in what the French Republic

did they set up a kind of a federalist

system that we have in the United States

and Napoleon is going to eliminate

the independence you might say of these

83 departments by

establishing these prefects the these

people that are

uh answerable to Napoleon

he'll put these people in charge they

answer back to Paris the people in these

83 departments lose their

autonomy and really don't really have a

democracy anymore like they had had

under the Republic now what's

interesting is

Napoleon does this

and the people to a large extent he's

able to keep the people of France on his

side because things are suddenly working

well in France something that hadn't

happened during the 10 years of the

revolution from 1789 to 1799 and

something that didn't really happen

under Louis xvi's reign as well where

the conditions got so bad that the

revolution broke out so when order is

established again in France and the

economy begins to grow people begin to

have a

a degree of of confidence with the

economy knowing where their next meal is

coming from that wasn't always the case

when the revolution broke out price of

bread stabilizes things ease up a bit in

France and people begin to just simply

accept Napoleon as the ruler now

he's not saying that he's the king he's

not saying that he's a monarch he is

saying he's part of this system that's

you know he is saying that the Republic

is going forth at this point with

he being one of the council members that

they actually had three of these

councils but he puts himself in as the

first Council and they end up saying the

decisions of the first the decisions of

the councils the three councils will

decide on the executive decisions of the

state and then there's this other phrase

within it that says if the other two

disagree then it will be up to the First

Council to decide so the language is

gonna the law is going to allow Napoleon

as the first Council to establish his

rule in an executive way over France now

he does this

uh in a way in in which

all the different groups in France are

going to find something to like about

Napoleon for the peasantry of France the

vast majority of people who live in the

countryside of France they're going to

accept Napoleon because the old feudal

obligations that the peasantry had with

the nobility

that they got rid of within the French

Revolution Napoleon is going to give his

stamp of approval to the elimination of

those feudal obligations so the

peasantry has this degree of autonomy

and freedom that they didn't have before

so they're happy with Napoleon

um the bourgeoisie is happy with

Napoleon because the property rights the

the the fact that they own uh property

in France the property rights will be

affirmed by Napoleon and then you have

Elites within sort of the enlightened

class or the intellectual class that

will be happy with Napoleon because he

patronizes the Arts and Sciences and so

forth and of course science

is where reason comes from and the fact

that he leads

and sets up scientific institutions

begins to reform the education system in

France connecting secondary schools as

prep schools for the University system

these are all going to be things that

people like about Napoleon and his

organizational skills at the top will

filter down through the French

bureaucracy things will begin to work

people will be put in positions of power

within the French government based on

Merit based in other words based on

their ability to do the job and you have

a professional class of bureaucrats that

begin to lead the French government

forward in a much more effective way

than certainly what they had under the

uh under the monarchy and of course the

chaos and to some degree the Anarchy

that occurred during the the French

Revolution things seem a whole lot

better now under Napoleon

now uh Napoleon

is also going to call religion excellent stuff

stuff

to keep the Common Man uh

in check the

the

the French leader Napoleon will realize

that many people in France were

were

culturally and socially and emotionally

connected to the Catholic church

and one of the big mistakes in the

revolution early on the Civil uh

constitution of the clergy which

Stripped Away

Roman control of the church

Force the clergy to be elected the

Bishops to be elected by the people

they're no longer selected by the Roman

Catholic Church that they're elected and

the fact that these clergy and Bishops

had to take this oath of allegiance to

the to the state rather than to Rome

that was something that

broke away a lot of people

severed a lot of people's

enthusiasm at least for the revolution

early on and then you have during the

reign of terror During the Revolution

a confiscation of of Catholic Church

property uh

many of the clergy who didn't take this

oath of allegiant will be Guillotine uh

Church Treasures will be melted down you

have this very aggressive attempt to

Simply de-christianize France uh and

establish this Cult of Reason

many people vast majority of people in

France do not buy into this they're

going to still have their connection

with the Catholic church now Napoleon

realizes this and what he does in 1801

he will re-establish France's connection

with the Catholic Church calling it

essentially having a most favorite

Church status for the the Catholic

Church most of the people in France were

catholic there is Toleration and again

this is uh something that he gives to

who were very enthusiastic about

establishing a

a or establishing a French Republic

instead of a monarchy he does allow for

freedom of religion toleration of the

Protestants toleration of the Jews that

lived in France at the time

but he reconnects himself with the

Catholic church now um

he also of course uh as counsel will

establish the Napoleonic Code for France

which codifies all of the laws of France

France was a a patchwork of laws from

the different provinces he brings all

those laws together in the Napoleonic

Code which establishes uh

basically written a written framework

for all the laws going forward in in the

Napoleonic Code he

reaffirms the gains that were made with

the early Revolution with

equality under the law and so forth and

the abolishing of the old regime the old

feudal Privileges and and systems

basically you know everybody is equal

there's no special significance given to

one group over the other all of that is

established in the Napoleonic Code but

with the Napoleonic Code does is it

makes the law common throughout the land

also more efficient throughout France as well

well

uh he also was uh brings efficiency to

the financial sector of Rome of France

one of the problems with France of

course leading into the revolution one

of the causes of the Revolution or the

cause of the revolution is the money the

financial debt that France had from the

wars that they fought in the 18th

century this mounting debt and the Royal

debt uh from the Royal household ends up

sinking France uh financially and that's

the reason that the revolution breaks

out when Louis XVI is forced to try to

raise revenue by calling together the

Estates General what Napoleon does with

the financial sector is he will

establish the bank of France essentially

a central bank a clearing house for uh

money and loans that will establish a

a consistency in the currency and so

forth so all of these things reform

measures help France Out and because uh

he's one person making these final

decisions and he's someone who's

organized and someone where that

organizational uh level feeds down to

the rest of the French bureaucracy all

of that helps France run more

efficiently and there's a sense of order

that France has that they didn't have

before and generally

because of these things and the other

things that I mentioned the French

people accept Napoleon now

Napoleon realizes that he has to um

you know not Proclaim himself to be the

new king of France that's not going to

happen at least in the first few years

now what he's able to do uh the wars

that were fought against France during

the revolution the the different

countries that were involved in Wars

against France uh those he'll bring

those Wars to an end

uh some of those Wars will be brought to

a conclusion by force by Napoleon he

will also include

the piece of almonds with England in

1802 this uh pretty much ends the

hostilities that France had throughout

the period of the Revolution so now you

have sort of this Tranquility at home

this order at home and you have peace

abroad things hadn't been like this for

France in quite a while especially if

you go back through the 18th centuries

and the wars that they fought starting

in you know with the war of the Austrian

secession the Seven Years War the the

Revolutionary War and then the wars

fought during the revolution people want

it quiet it's not going to stay quiet

for a while for for long though

what Napoleon is doing is he's calming

things down positioning himself uh to

give himself a new title uh

and that's what he will be able to do

and again he uses the Catholic church

that institution uh that the French

people are so familiar with that are

connect that they're so connected with

from an emotional level

um he uses that institution to give

himself this new uh much more impressive

title of Emperor which will

will invite the pope to Paris to the

Notre Dame Cathedral and in a ceremony

that to some degree Harkens back to

Charlemagne being crowned Emperor by the

Pope in the year 800

Napoleon uses the Catholic church and

the pope to make him the new emperor of

France essentially re-establishing the

monarchy that the French had gotten rid

of back in

1792 with uh with the establishment of

the French Republic now Napoleon by the

way doesn't allow the pope to actually

because uh you could say that there's

one person that's more important than a

king or an emperor and that's the person

who establishes or places the crown on

the head of a king or an emperor so what

Napoleon does in this very elaborate

ceremony at Notre Dame Cathedral is he

himself will place the crown on his head

and then after that as the emperor of

France he gets to make the Empress of

France his wife Josephine who he will

crown and the the famous mural the port

the mural of the event of the coronation

of Napoleon

will include the pope giving his

Blessing sitting right next to the

crowning although the Pope's hand was

never raised during that coronation

in the painting it was he also by the

way his his Napoleon's own mother didn't

go to the coronation because he he was

in she was

uh not happy with Napoleon mad at

Napoleon because of the dispute that

Napoleon had with one of his brothers

and so she didn't even attend the

coronation but Napoleon made sure that

the big mural that was uh painted by the

famous French painter David

included the mother his mother is in

this prime location uh overlooking the

ceremony at Notre Dame Cathedral

so you could see Napoleon's ability to

to manipulate the the message that that

comes out from there now as the emperor

of Rome uh he has absolute power because

again the 83 departments all

are answerable to him uh the the prefix

all are answerable to Napoleon and

even though he

when he takes over the the ideals of the

Enlightenment toleration of religion

things like freedom of vocation freedom of

speech freedom of the press some of

those things are going to go by the

wayside because you will have some

newspapers that begin to criticize

Napoleon but he will begin to censor

some of those papers and some of these

editors will be tossed in jail so he's

not going to be able to put up the as

time goes by Napoleon becomes much more

like a a autocratic well a dictator of sorts

sorts

you would have a

a much more firm you know him attempting

a much more firm control over the

population in general now

once he uh establishes himself as the

emperor his main goal and really his

dream is to become the Emperor of this

new Empire that

that is ruled from Paris by Napoleon he

wants to control Europe and

and

part of the process was of course

Napoleon was the one who sold the

Louisiana Territory uh Napoleon is going

to get that territory back from Spain in

a in a secret treaty in 1800 and then in

1803 it would be Napoleon

who makes the decision of course to sell

the vast Louisiana Territory Jefferson

pretty much Thomas Jefferson the

president of the United States who

purchases Louisiana from Napoleon pretty

much wants New Orleans wants to buy the

Isle of Orleans and because of the of

the the slave rebellion in Haiti that uh

eliminated French control of that Island

uh and because he needed money to fight

the British in the future he decides to

sell Off Louisiana Napoleon also doesn't

want Louisiana to fall into the hands of

the French he would rather it be in the

hands of a of a neutral United States

and so that's the reason that he sells

not only New Orleans but Louisiana for

15 million dollars Jefferson by the way

was willing to buy New Orleans for 10

million but he threw in the rest of it

for 15 million comes out to be about

three cents an acre for the the vast

amount of Territory between the

Mississippi River and the Rocky

Mountains all the way from the Gulf of

Mexico up to Canada um

his next effort is really going to be to

control Europe and he knows that in

order to control Europe Napoleon

has to

settle the question against really

establish uh the control of Europe

by controlling Britain he's not going to

be able to control

Europe if he ultimately doesn't have his

dominance over Britain and of course

Great Britain has the largest Navy in

the world they have the largest Empire

in the world even though they lost the

American colonies they still have this

enormous Empire in the world and that is

not going to be very easy no matter how

good his armies are going to be they're

not going to be able to Wade across the

English Channel especially since the

British Navy is going to defend the

island and getting across that channel

is something no one had been able to do

since I guess William the Conqueror in

1066. so

what Napoleon does do is he established

this is the re-establishes his army that

begins to roll through

Europe and as he rolls through Europe he

gobbles up territory he

takes over the area just to the north of

France of course this would be the old

Austrian Netherlands that become that

today is Belgium that

will fall under French control Holland

will fall under French control and then

all the way down the Italian Peninsula

to Rome falls under French control as

well and with that area France from

including Holland to the North Holland

and in the Austrian Netherlands to the

north all the way down to to Rome in

Italy down the the Mediterranean Coast

from the French Riviera to the Italian

Riviera down the the Tuscan Coastline to to

to Rome itself would fall under French

control and what Napoleon would do is he

would just simply say that this is

France that this is this is uh the

French Empire uh so Rome essentially is

a is a French city at this point even

though of course the people there speak

Italian but Napoleon rules over it now

that's not all what he does to the old

Holy Roman Empire he basically

dismantles the old Holy Roman Empire uh

dismantles the Prussian State uh he

establishes a new uh German

Confederation of states

in the Old Hope and Roman Empire the

where Germany is today all falls under

Napoleon's control as the German

Confederation Prussia Austria even as

far east as Russia all fall under

Napoleon's control

as either

an ally a reluctant Ally of Napoleon or

under his Direct Control one of the

things that he does he puts French you

know people under him in control of

these areas he does use the local Elite

Class to help him rule these areas the

people that were basically in charge of

running these countries at a secondary

Level under their

king or ruler or Prince

they're simply going to be still there

but under Napoleon he puts his brother

as king of Holland another king another

brother's king of Westphalia he'll end

up gaining control of Spain in putting

his brother Joseph in charge as the king

of Spain

in the other places like Russia and

Austria Prussia are these reluctant

allies of Napoleon and he has virtual

the continent of Europe to a large

degree and

he begins to put in place the the

Napoleonic Code uh the same governmental

systems that are in place in France now

one of but he still doesn't have Great

Britain and he knows that that's a big

problem and he's going to have to deal

with the British the British of course

uh under Admiral Nelson uh of course

they defeated the French Fleet at the

Battle of the Nile

um back in

1798 and another battle this time when

Napoleon is in charge Admiral Nelson

will destroy a combined French and

Spanish Fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar

in 1805 this battle pretty much wipes

out Napoleon's uh Fleet and ability to

do anything on the Seas against Great

Britain and Great Britain is without a

doubt the the Master of the Seas at this point

point in

Great Britain being the the Master of

the Seas is difficult because there's no

way that Napoleon can get across that

that body of water that channel uh

without controlling the Seas so a an

invasion of Great Britain is something

that uh Napoleon is going to have to put

off even though he's controlling the

continent of Europe

he needs to establish another Fleet at

least or to do something with Great

Britain now what he comes up with

against Great Britain

to try to weaken Great Britain he knows

that the the Royal Navy the largest Navy

in the world

is there because the British Empire is

there and the British economy is there

that creates this very large

powerful navy and without that British

economy the British wouldn't have that

Fleet and what he does since he controls

the continent of Europe Napoleon puts in

place what he calls his Continental System

System

uh in 1807 this continental system is an

attempt by Napoleon

to cut off British trade with the

continent of Europe and of course the

British their economy a large part of

their economy depended on this trade

with the European continent Goods would

come in from all over the world from the

British colonies back into England uh

the goods would have value added to them

or simply you know some things would be

held to trade with other European

countries in the warehouses along uh in

London and so forth the the trade of all

of these Goods coming to London and or

coming to England and then redis you know

know

distributed throughout Europe that was

really the to a large degree that was

the the economy

of the British now

uh if Napoleon what he thinks is that if

he can destroy that trade he can destroy

the economy in the process destroy the

the Royal Navy the power of the royal

Navy now

uh what the British do in response to

this continental system is they will

institute a blockade of European ports

and again Napoleon controls Europe so

it's it's you know you kind of think

about what the Germans did in World War

II uh it's a it's a different it's

there's no connection there at this time

between Great Britain and Europe but

what the British do is they blockade

these ports

in throughout Europe which means that

the British aren't trading with these

ports but nothing else is getting

through there's no trade going out from

Europe uh Holland which is controlled by

Napoleon is not able to send chips out

uh other places I mean even Russia uh in

in places like Prussia and Italy they

are severely restricted because of this

British blockade so the Continental System

System

designed to not allow British the Brits

to the British to trade with the

continent of Europe

the blockade by the British is far more

damaging for Napoleon and the Europeans

because nothing can get out the British

by the way

since they do control the Seas

will begin actively trading with areas

of the world that may have been either

neglected or or they had not taken

advantage of before they begin trading

more with places like South America and

other places in Asia stepping up their

this Continental System to try to weaken

the British simply isn't going to work

it's going to take a while before

Napoleon realizes that but by the time

he realizes it it will be too late now

Napoleon controlling the continent I say

I use the word control and you know

there's not complete control or complete

dominance of the continent for one thing

some of these countries are actually

going against the the continental system

and allowing British goods to come in

simply because these places are are used

to these Goods or need these goods and

they're violating the the continental

system that Napoleon puts in place in

fact Russia has this repeated violation

of the Continental System trading back

and forth with the British the Russians

try to tell Napoleon that they're not

going to do it and what Napoleon has is

his response to this is an invasion of

Russia to basically go all the way into

Russia to take complete control over it

he had already defeated Russian armies

uh in Europe but

you know Russia never lost any territory

to him but when the Russians moved into

Europe now now he's going after Russia

and he amasses an army of about 600

000 men this enormous Army

many of his advisors said don't do it

don't go in to Russia there's no real

uh there's you know the objective here

the or the the reasoning behind this is

not strong enough but Napoleon always

needs to keep advancing and Conquer

conquering that's to some degree that's

what conquerors do uh he needs in order

his power rest in that to some degree he

will lead an invasion of Russia and what

the Russians do is they basically just suck

suck

the French army and Napoleon in the vast

territory that Russia has the the

extremely uh long front and the amount

of distance between Moscow and even

Poland is so great that the Russians can

use that geography that massive land

mass to their advantage in invade in

invading armies and so when Napoleon

comes in the the Russians just simply

back up and Napoleon keeps going after

the Army now what the Russian army does

is they lay waste to their own country

they basically

destroy the the all of the crops all the

livestock so

Napoleon and the French would not be

able to use that as resources that's

what the goal was and that was the plan

you might say by Napoleon is they

invaded into Russia he knew it was a far

you know such a great distance that he

would be so far away from his supply

lines in order to feed that many men on

a daily basis he would have to absorb

the resources within the territory that

he conquered well he absorbed the

territory but without resorting you know

absorbing the resources simply because

the plan for the Russians was to

basically have a slash and burn policy

of of

destroying the resources before the

journey before the

uh the French could get to them and so

there's a big problem that Napoleon has

he's further away

from his supply lines he's moving

against the Army who keeps backing up

but destroying everything in its wake

they're not able to use those resources and

and

there's a problem with the men being uh

malnourished not having enough

to really keep this very large army going

going

even when they get to Moscow you know

the the city of Moscow is uh

is not going to be a resource for for

Napoleon and when Napoleon gets all the

way into Moscow by by this point the

invasion starts in 1812 and he realizes

that you know I better turn around I

better go back I need to go back and

he's already lost lots of men and by the

time he starts to go back the Russian

winner sets in and that winner comes

down on Napoleon's forces these men are not

not

adequately uh

clothed in order to endure the Russian

winter and what started out as the the

Grand Army uh advancing it turns into uh

the the grand Retreat or the great

Retreat and by the time Napoleon gets

all the way back to Prussia uh

or to Poland he starts off with these

six hundred thousand men when he invades

by the time he gets back he's only got a

hundred thousand men left so his army is

to a large extent uh evaporated at least

the size Army that he had when he

initially invaded this invasion of of of

Russia is a big mistake because what it allows

allows

is the areas that he conquered

previously in Europe begin to rise up against

against

French rule or the rule of Napoleon and

you start having armies that begin to

re-establish their presence like the

austrians and the prussians rebellions

breaking out you have the British

seizing the opportunity and seeing in a

an opportunity to crush Napoleon and the

Napoleon will be defeated at the in

October of 1813

at the in in Germany at the Battle uh

light Leipzig in October of 1813

Napoleon is defeated which is a huge

deal on the battlefield he struggles

back into into France but it's not long before

before

so many resources are gone for Napoleon

the rebellions and the outbreaks in the

area that he conquered now he's being invaded

invaded

and this Coalition of countries will end up

entering Paris

Napoleon himself will be taken into

custody and

they're going to place Napoleon on an

island in the in the Mediterranean the

island of Elba

um now on this uh he's on this island

uh in when when he's there the European

monarchs basically get together in

Vienna Austria at the uh at the Congress

of Vienna as they call it and they're

deciding what to do with Europe now that

Napoleon's no longer there and they're

basically deciding how can we put Europe

back together again uh and what they

decide at the Congress of Vienna since

it's a bunch of monarchs running the

show is that we just need to put Europe

back together the way it was including

France uh putting it back together with

the bourbon Dynasty and re-establishing

a monarchy in France re-establishing the

the monarchies that he destroyed when he

conquered Europe

and that's what the the Congress of

Vienna and these Coalition forces of

these different countries they will put

in on the French throne

a bourbon Louis the eight team a member

of the the bourbon family the one that

of course was eliminated During the Revolution

Revolution

and Napoleon is put on this island in

the Mediterranean in Exile they

basically say okay you can have this a

while and you can rule over it

um if you want instead of ruling over

all of Europe well it's not long as

months go by the British Navy is trying

to protect or surround the island and

make sure that Napoleon is kept there

but as time goes on the

surveillance of the island becomes a

little lacks Napoleon's able to slip

away and slip back into France for what

is called the uh his hundred days where

he he's able to regain control of France

he comes back on the Southern Shores of

France and re-establishes his control of

French armies Louis the 18th the bourbon

King is basically off the throne Louis

Napoleon back in charge and it's not

long before Napoleon raises an army uh

uh an army that uh

he will establish in order to do battle

against those who had defeated him

previously and

when this is done

uh Napoleon will venture out of France

and you have oppression force and a

British force that will meet Napoleon

uh just outside of of uh of France in

modern day Belgium at the Battle of

Waterloo and the Duke of Wellington uh

so you have the British forces and the

Prussian forces that will capitalize on

mistakes that are made by Napoleon in

this battle to have a final defeat of

Napoleon at Waterloo so when you hear of

someone's Waterloo uh today that that

term is usually associated with their

their final defeat or the the nail in

the coffin it's the thing that is the end

end

when you have your Waterloo so

Napoleon's Waterloo was Waterloo

in 1815 this is in June of 1815.

in his Reign at this point over France

is completely over now what the

Coalition decides to do the the monarchs

are a little paranoid to some extent in

Europe uh because of all of this

revolutionary activity in

in in in Europe that occurred with the

French Revolution and there's other

little outbreaks that have occurred as

well with these ideas of the

Enlightenment the questioning of the

traditional institutions of Europe which

means monarchies the people who are

ruling are monarchs and they are tuned

in to the people's voices to some extent

they don't want to

uh one Monarch has already been killed

they don't want to keep that uh

you know they don't want to uh

to have a precedent set by by killing

Napoleon so what they do after his

escape from Elba that little island in

the Mediterranean which is not far from

the Italian Coast they're going to put

him on another Island out in the middle

virtually of no one of the most isolated

areas in the world it's in the South Atlantic

Atlantic

almost in between exactly South America

and Africa a british-controlled island

Saint Helena is the island that Napoleon

would be put on at this point

this island is

literally a thousand miles away from the shore

shore

and Napoleon will spend the next six

years of his life on that island that is

controlled by the British and there's no

way off of this island the

Napoleon will end up dying in

1821. uh supposedly of stomach cancer

and you know that's still a question mark

Napoleon uh

some people think that it's possible

that the British just simply decided to

get rid of him through arsenic or whatever

whatever

but stomach cancer is you know the

British are the ones who basically give

that diagnosis so many people in France

aren't going to really take that but

Napoleon is gone that's for sure in 1821

he's dead he's originally buried on the

island he's not going to the the French

will finally get the approval from the

British to get uh his remains his burial

site off that island and bring it back

to Paris where it is today where it's

still a tourist attraction today

um and that was in 1840 so 20 years

after his death that finally happens now um

in Europe is is put back together again

the the Congress of Vienna that began

meeting when he was on Elba they have to

kind of scatter and go fight Napoleon

again after he escapes from Elba and

then they go back to Vienna and they

continue to meet basically establishing

these new guidelines for uh for Europe

that essentially would balance the power

back out and balancing the power means

that you make France uh you reduce the

power of France by making the neighbors

strong and they re-establish the

monarchies not only in France but

throughout Europe as well now another

thing that um the the things that are

things like basically policy flaws like

the Continental System just a bad idea

to Institute that the other thing is

resistance to his rule the people in

that speak other languages other than

French are not going to want uh this

French ruler ruling over them you have

this growth of nationalism that begins

to spring up and if you're a German you

don't want someone who speaks another

language to be your ruler if you're uh

any of these languages Austrian the fact

that he puts his brother on the throne

in these places is also a bad idea

especially Spain where he puts his

brother Joseph on the throne they are

going to Rebel almost from day one when

he puts his brother in as the king of

Spain the Spanish nobility simply don't

accept it and General in in the Spanish

nobility is able to muster up enough

force from the peasantry to constantly

cause problem for Napoleon and a lot of

resources are used by Napoleon in Spain

just making sure that Joseph stays on

the throne of Spain and that is

something that eats up a lot of

resources I mean Napoleon has to go in

with an army himself sometimes and maybe

200 000 French soldiers would be would

be lost in fighting simply trying to

keep the brother of Napoleon on the

throne and then you have that same sort

of dynamic going on in places like

Westphalia and places like Holland where

his brothers on the throne and simply

being opposed to Napoleon's rule this uh

growth of just like the French were proud

a proud nationalists you have other

people in Europe that are proud

nationalists as well proud for their own

nationality and they don't want to be

ruled over and that that sense of pride

and loyalty toward your country means

that you don't want some other country

ruling over you so that plays into the

the factor of these countries rising up

and the people of these countries rising

up against Napoleon

and again once he is uh

uh put on saint

Helena in 1815 uh Napoleon's

days on that island will be pretty

desolate for the most part uh it's a

desolate Windswept Island he does

begin the process while he is on Saint

Helena to

establish his

you might say his mark on History by

making sure that his legacy in his

record is carried forward and uh

when he's on that island that's what he

spends his time doing

establishing uh his version of events

for history

well France

Lee is having a very tumultuous

here not to not to the French Revolution

then we have of course the Napoleonic

Empire and the wars that that were

fought during that time period as well

and so when we come back on our next

lecture we'll learn about the aftermath

um we'll learn about what happens not

only in France but in all of Europe and

how a piece will be formed even though

Napoleon is is eventually exiled he is

defeated and exiled

there's still a lot of questions that

need to be answered and figured out in

European politics and so when we come

back we'll discuss the very important

Congress of Vienna and the concert of

Europe that was created after the defeat

คลิกที่ข้อความหรือไทม์สแตมป์ใดก็ได้เพื่อข้ามไปยังช่วงเวลานั้นในวิดีโอ

แชร์:

คำบรรยายส่วนใหญ่พร้อมภายใน 5 วินาที

คัดลอกด้วยคลิกเดียว125+ ภาษาค้นหาเนื้อหาข้ามไปยังไทม์สแตมป์

วาง YouTube URL

ใส่ลิงก์วิดีโอ YouTube ใดก็ได้เพื่อรับคำบรรยายฉบับเต็ม

คำบรรยายส่วนใหญ่พร้อมภายใน 5 วินาที

ติดตั้ง Chrome Extension ของเรา

ดึงคำบรรยายได้ทันทีโดยไม่ต้องออกจาก YouTube ติดตั้ง Chrome Extension เพื่อเข้าถึงคำบรรยายวิดีโอใดก็ได้ด้วยคลิกเดียวบนหน้าวิดีโอโดยตรง

เพิ่มลงใน Chrome — ฟรี

รองรับ YouTube, Coursera, Udemy และแพลตฟอร์มการเรียนรู้อื่นๆ อีกมากมาย

รับคำบรรยายทันที: แก้ไขโดเมนในแถบที่อยู่ของคุณได้เลย!

YouTube

←

→

↻

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc

YoutubeToText

←

→

↻

https://youtubetotext.net/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc

คำบรรยาย YouTubeกำลังเตรียมผลลัพธ์ให้คุณ…

คำบรรยาย YouTube:HIST 102 #23 - The Napoleonic Empire