Alkenes are reactive molecules characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond, which readily undergoes electrophilic addition reactions. These reactions involve the breaking of the double bond and the addition of atoms or molecules across it, leading to the formation of larger, saturated compounds.
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this is M sjcam in this video I'll be
looking at the addition reactions of the
alkanes alkenes are reactive molecules
due to the presence of a carbon to
carbon double bond also known as an
alkyl group they undergo electrophilic
addition reactions in which two
molecules combine to produce a larger
molecule here we have examples of
symmetrical alkenes we have ethene on
the Left Butte to een in the middle and
on the right we have hex 3 in as we can
see each molecule has a carbon two
carbon double bond which is the reactive
part of the molecule when alkenes
undergo addition reactions the carbon
the carbon double bond opens up creating
additional bonding positions we look at
the difference between symmetrical and
unsymmetrical alkenes at the end of the
video the first type of addition
reaction we look at is hydrogenation in
this reaction an alkene reacts with
hydrogen to form an alkane so here we
can see c2 h4 which is ethene reacting
with hydrogen to form c2h6 which is
ethane in the reaction the carbon to
carbon double bond opens up and we add
two hydrogen atoms to the molecule note
that this reaction is usually carried
out using a nickel catalyst and here we
can see the overall chemical equation
for the reaction the next type of
reaction is halogenation in halogenation
alkenes react with halogens to produce
dye halogen o compounds so here we have
ethene reacting with bromine to produce
one to die bromo ethane and here we have
the chemical equation for the reaction
alkenes also react with hydrogen halides
that's HCl HBR Ohi to produce halogen no
alkanes so here we have the reaction of
ethene with hydrogen bromide to produce
bromo ethane and once again here we have
the chemical equation for the reaction
the next type of reaction is hydration
in which an alkene react
with steam to form an alcohol so in this
reaction we have ethene reacting with
water in the form of steam in the
presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst to
form ethanol and here we have the
equation for the reaction and finally we
look at the difference between the
reactions of symmetrical and
unsymmetrical alkenes the addition
reactions of symmetrical alkenes produce
only one possible product so here we
have Butte Queen which is a symmetrical
alkene reacting with hydrogen chloride
the only possible product of the
reaction is to chloro butane next we
have the reaction of Butte one in which
is an unsymmetrical alkene when Butte
one in react with hydrogen chloride
there are two possible products they are
one chloro butane and 2-chloro butane to
predict a major product of the reaction
we apply markovnikov's rule which is
only covered in the higher level
syllabus for high level students in this
case the major product will be 2-chloro
butane this is due to the stability of
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