Artificial intelligence has already begun to upend countless industries.
And where some see the promise of the new technology, others see the peril.
Perhaps nowhere is this argument more present than in the creative world.
Can AI create meaningful art?
Can it replace artists?
In the film industry, AI has become at once
ubiquitous and controversial begging the question,
what is AI's place in filmmaking?
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- Number five
is alive.
- What constitutes AI is a debate in and of itself.
- I like your floor.
- NASA describes the term as referring to computer systems that can perform
complex tasks normally done by human reasoning, decision making, creating,
et cetera, and argues that there is no single simple definition of artificial
intelligence because AI tools are capable of a wide range of tasks and outputs.
Linguist Noam Chomsky has argued software like ChatGPT
hardly constitutes true artificial intelligence.
Such programs are stuck in a prehuman or non-human phase of cognitive evolution.
Their deepest flaw is the absence of the most critical capacity of
any intelligence, the ingredients of explanation.
For our purposes, we'll use artificial intelligence to refer to
a machine's ability to learn from its environment to complete a given task.
AI as a concept is not new and has been discussed and experimented
with since the mid-20th century.
In the 2010s, artificial intelligence came much closer to reality with advances in
deep learning, which refers to machines using neural networks to process data.
By the 2020s, investment in AI increased exponentially, and the technology
has experienced rapid advancement and expansion in the past few years.
Today, AI has a wide variety of uses from self-driving cars to search engines.
- Hey, magic Mirror, who's the fairest of them all?
- Shrek, of course?
- Most relevant to filmmakers and other creatives is artificial
intelligences generative applications.
In other words, its ability to create text, sound, and visuals.
Generative tools of all types are already being used in films, both
large and small, resulting in both excitement and fear within the industry.
The movie industry has always had a complex relationship with new technology.
Oftentimes, simultaneously embracing it and pushing it forward while
lamenting the changes it brings.
I.
Serge Eisenstein and other Soviet filmmakers wrote that sound in movies
may threaten to destroy all cinema's present formal achievements.
Orson Welles worried that color films hurt actors' performances.
Famed writer Susan Sontag proclaimed the death of film
when digital filmmaking was on the rise.
And yet this does not mean criticism of AI
is without merit and that the tool doesn't endanger countless people's livelihoods.
We look at why many in the film industry reject the use of artificial intelligence.
But first, we'll look at its rapidly evolving uses in each
stage of the movie-making process.
- Can a robot write a symphony?
Can a robot turn a canvas into a beautiful masterpiece?
- Can you?
- AI has several applications within pre-production.
As of yet artificial intelligence as a ways to go as a screenwriter.
But the technology is already being used in the scripting process.
ChatGPT can be used as a tool to brainstorm ideas or even
generate potential storylines.
Software like ScriptBook meanwhile have been used to create box office
projections based on scripts, as well as give notes on story arcs, plot
holes, and character development.
AI has also become more prevalent in the storyboarding process.
Instead of taking the time to draw each frame, directors, and DPs can use image
creation software like Midjourney to create stills based on their descriptions.
AI has become crucial for virtual location scouting.
Creatives can feed an AI generator prompts based on a script's requirements,
and the tool will create a 3D rendering of a potential shoot site.
Art director and VFX supervisor Oliver Zeller Elaborates,
AI can automate drafting for existing locations or 3D modeled builds.
Make efficient translation of photos, art, or text descriptions into 3D models;
perform variant generations...
as well as intricate ornament.
AI can also be employed in deciding on what films get green-lit.
Warner Brothers partnered with AI company Cinelytic
to aid its development and purchasing decisions.
Cinelytic founder Tobias Keiser explains, The system can calculate in seconds what used
to take days to assess by human when it comes to
general film package evaluation or stars worth.
And AI's applications continue into production.
Artificial intelligence has been used by art departments to more quickly
create production design elements such as these
band posters in 'True Detective: Night Country'.
Of course, AI can also create its own footage.
Sora, for example, can build entire shots out of simple text-based prompts.
This technology has garnered a lot of attention and has come a long way in
a short period of time.
But as of yet, it is still a long way from replacing
the production process as a whole.
For now, AI generative video software offers a limited amount of control
over the image that comes out of a prompt, as well as a time limit.
The software has also had difficulty recreating the same character from
shot to shot, restricting the kind of storytelling a filmmaker can do.
- I am literally filled with hot air.
- But these generative softwares have already become
revolutionary in the post-production stage.
Perhaps the area in filmmaking most affected by AI so far is visual effects.
Artificial intelligence has already cut down on the amount of
labor needed to achieve certain VFX shots and in turn, created new
potentials for what filmmakers can do.
In 'Here', for example, Robert Zemeckis and his team used AI provided by the
company Metaphysic to de-age Tom Hanks and Robin Wright.
Zemeckis explains, 'The film simply wouldn't work without our actors
seamlessly transforming into younger versions of themselves.
Metaphysic's AI tools do exactly that in ways that were previously impossible.
In large part, AI has cut down on time-consuming and tedious work.
Oliver Zeller notes, On the hero shot I did on 'The Drop',
I used AI rotoscoping and got two days of work in an hour.
Tools like 'content aware fill' have allowed filmmakers to remove
unwanted elements quickly and easily.
Adobe Sensei uses AI to help editors complete a variety
of more menial editing tasks.
AI has also seen more creative applications in post
'Late Night with the Devil' used AI-generated interstitial cards.
'Secret Invasion' used AI images in its credit sequence.
The documentary 'Roadrunner', meanwhile used AI to
recreate Anthony Boudin's voice in some of the film's narration.
- You were successful and I'm successful, and I'm wondering are you happy?
- 'The Brutalist' was even more subtle using artificial intelligence
to enhance actors' accents.
While the use of AI is spreading rapidly, there are as many criticisms of the tool
as there are uses.
Arguably most pressingly, many in the film industry
see artificial intelligence as an existential threat to their livelihood.
- So what are you thinking? - Huh? We're out of a job.
- Don't you mean extinct?
- The specter of AI was a major factor in both the WGA and SAG-AFTRA strikes
as the unions feared that studios would turn to artificial intelligence
to cut costs and eliminate jobs.
- The A-M-P-T-P is focused on making a lot of money by the way of our art.
Their attempts to instill AI as a normal operating
procedure is literally dehumanizing the workforce, and it's not good for society.
It's not good for our environment.
It's not good for working-class families.
It's just not good.
- There is also pushback to AI on creative grounds.
Many filmmakers have noted that relying on AI to create a movie results in
a loss of humanity and originality.
David Fincher notes
I think ultimately the thing that we respond to in poetry
and writing and songwriting
and photography is the personal bent.
I have friends who are photographic geniuses playing with AI, and it
always looks like sort of a low-rent version of Roger Deakins.
Steven Spielberg puts it succinctly.
- It's got me very nervous because you're basically taking something
you created and you made, which is the computer, and giving the computer
autonomy over your point of view and yourself as a human person.
- To some, these creative limitations mean that AI can be useful in
certain ways, but not in others.
Ben Affleck explains how he perceives the strengths and weaknesses
of artificial intelligence.
- AI is a craftsman at best.
Craftsmen is knowing how to work.
Art is knowing when to stop, and I think knowing when to stop is going to be a very
difficult thing for AI to learn because it's taste and also lack of consistency,
lack of controls, lack of quality.
AI for, for this world of generative video, is gonna do key things more me.
I wouldn't like to be in the visual effects business.
They're in trouble.
Because what costs a lot of money is now gonna cost a lot less, but it's not
gonna replace human beings making films.
- Usually, there's applause at the end of this.
- Another issue with the current iteration of generative AI is that
it pulls from pre-existing work.
Resulting in claims that it is another form of plagiarism.
This can have negative creative ramifications since by its very nature,
it is recycling art that already exists, but it can also have legal ramifications.
Cinematographer, Kathryn Brillhart notes.
Some studios say we don't even feel comfortable using Gen AI in storyboards
and concept art because we don't want a hint of any theft or licensing
issues to come through in the final.
The future of AI in filmmaking is nearly impossible to predict.
And perhaps that is why it is both exciting
and terrifying to those in the movie industry.
Will AI help democratize filmmaking making the expensive medium
more accessible for everyone?
Or will it result in job losses and a wave of unoriginal content,
devoid of human feeling?
Let us know what you think.
For the time being at least no one is gonna make
your movie for you, but StudioBinder can help.
Use its pre-production and production software to get your
next project to the finish line.
That's all for now.
Until next time, keep hold of your humanity.
It's what sets you apart from the machines.
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