Volcanoes are powerful geological landforms, primarily found at plate boundaries, that erupt molten rock and ash, shaping the Earth's surface and atmosphere while also playing a crucial role in the planet's carbon cycle.
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volcanoes are our most explosive
landforms able to eject molten rock and
clouds of thick ash high into the atmosphere
with devastating consequences [Music]
volcanoes mostly occur along destructive
and constructive plate boundaries where
plates are pushed together or dragged apart
apart [Music]
cracks or weaknesses allow magma to rise
up from below the Earth's crust [Music]
[Music]
pressure builds up which then releases
a volcanic eruption [Music]
LACMA that reaches the Earth's surface
is called lava this molten lava
eventually cools to form new rock [Music]
[Music]
after more eruptions over time a mound
of rock builds up forming a cone-shaped
volcano volcanoes all have the same key
structure a collection of magma
underneath the volcano forms a hot
bubbling furnace called the magma chamber
the main vent allows this magma to escape
escape
and secondary vents a smaller outlets
the magma can travel through
the caved-in surface is called the crater
crater
it's created after an eruption blows the
top of the volcano eruptions occur when
pressure forces magma from the chamber
up the main vent towards the crater if
the ash and mud from a volcanic eruption
mix with rain water or snow it creates
fast-moving mud flows
the hot lava and overwhelming mud flows
however volcanoes are also essential for
scientists believe that volcanoes formed
Earth's first atmosphere by spewing
water vapor sulfur dioxide nitrogen and
carbon dioxide into the air and volcanic
eruptions continue to contribute to the
carbon cycle crucial to life by
releasing carbon dioxide
they can go through long periods of
being very active but they may also
become dormant not erupting for hundreds
or thousands of years and eventually
they can become extinct just leaving a
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