0:03 cameras all stand by here we go [Music]
0:04 [Music]
0:08 one Jeff watch the TV the average time
0:10 spent watching television is 5 to 6
0:14 hours per day holy residuals there's a
0:16 reason for calling it The Boob Tube in
0:19 the idiot box let's change the
0:22 channel we want to WAP about our
0:25 scene here is the
0:28 news we must give the American viewer
0:29 the kind of Television that he both
0:30 desire and
0:32 deserve okay let's try it do it again
0:33 then we'll see what it comes out this
0:36 time television has grown faster than a
1:37 [Music]
1:41 the TV was the center of the house I
1:43 don't remember a time without
1:46 TV by 1960 essentially every household
1:48 in America had a television it was a new
1:50 way of bringing the world to
1:53 you when something big happened on
1:54 television it really did happen to the
1:57 entire country and impacted the entire
2:00 country at the same time keep and awaken
2:02 eye on the world suddenly television was
2:05 the main event everything else changed
2:07 even the way in which you went about the
2:09 business of getting someone elected [Music]
2:22 [Music]
2:25 president David will you hit the one
2:28 minute button please the 30 seconds and
2:32 the cut please in 1960 the Nixon Kennedy
2:35 debate was a first in television a lot
2:37 of people were watching that night and
2:40 it introduced a lot of people to Kennedy
2:41 will you let me see the tight shot on
2:43 cter one
2:46 please you hear me now speaking is that
2:47 about the right tone of
2:50 voice good evening the television and
2:52 radio stations of the United States and
2:55 their Affiliated stations are proud to
2:58 provide when the networks offered a
3:00 debate Kennedy immediately medely said
3:02 yes because he was sure he could do
3:05 better than Nixon I think Mr Nixon is an
3:07 effective leader of his party I hope he
3:09 would grant me the same the question
3:12 before us is which point of view and
3:13 which party do we want to leave the United
3:14 United
3:16 States Mr Nixon would you like to
3:18 comment on that statement I have no
3:20 comment if you're live on television and
3:22 there's a camera right
3:25 here there's really no place to hide
3:28 once you see a guy sweating when asked a
3:30 question are you sure he's the leader
3:32 for you that's the question before the
3:34 American people and only you can decide
3:36 what you want what you want this country
3:38 to be what you want to do with the
3:41 future I think we're ready to move if
3:43 you saw it on television clearly Kennedy
3:46 had won that debate gentlemen thank you
3:47 very much for permitting us to present
3:49 the next president of the United States
3:51 on this unique program other debates in
3:53 this it was the beginning of a new form
3:56 of political
3:58 craftsmanship if you could structure
4:00 your message appropriately for the T
4:01 camera you could have a huge impact and
4:03 if you couldn't you were toast I would
4:05 like you now to give a real tonight
4:08 welcome to senator from Massachusetts Mr John
4:17 Kennedy may I ask you so that I don't
4:19 look too naive a tough question right
4:23 off the bat whether I'm a Democrat or
4:25 Republican people recognized that
4:27 television was now the medium that
4:30 mattered it wasn't before 196 and it was
4:32 every day after 1960 in those presidential
4:34 presidential
4:36 debates oh honey let's go watch that try
4:39 to find Western all right once everyone
4:41 had a TV set in their living room and
4:43 advertisers had fully gotten a grip on
4:45 how effective this was a way to sell
4:47 products the very definition of what you
4:51 were doing was to create entertainment
4:53 that would appeal to as many people as
4:56 possible beaver eat your brussels
5:00 sprouts sheima I can't my stomach still
5:03 L up to my throat now no excuses Leave
5:05 it to Beaver was something that a lot of
5:08 families understood it's the first show
5:10 that was ever shot from the perspective
5:14 of a child Beaver most people have had a
5:15 lot of the experiences that the beaver
5:18 or Wall-E had and everyone in their life
5:21 has an Edy Haskell hi Wall-E some dumb
5:23 kid fell in a
5:26 soup uh good evening Mr Cleaver uh some
5:28 poor unfortunate child is trapped up
5:30 there everyone has that moment when they
5:32 were so embarrassed and they thought
5:35 they'd never get over it but they did
5:37 tonight's Special Report of the scene of
5:40 the 1961 Emy this is whether it's a
5:42 situation comedy or whether it's a
5:45 western or whether it's a a drama I
5:47 think you it's the quality of the show
5:50 itself that's important The Andy
5:53 Griffith Show Mayberry it's just Kinder
5:55 gentler place be hard not to want to
5:58 live in Maybury hi Paul hi Barn help the
6:01 core of the and Griffith Show was this
6:05 rock at the center of it calm wisdom I
6:09 have taken the best parts of myself and
6:12 people that I've known all my life and
6:15 put them into Andy Taylor hope they uh
6:18 they comes a time when you have to stop
6:21 the play acting tell the truth don't you
6:22 believe me
6:25 Paul don't you
6:29 Paul people appreciate emotional honesty
6:31 they appreciate it more than laughs it's
6:32 great if you can achieve both
6:34 simultaneously and the Andy gri Show
6:37 actually did that very often for sitcom
6:39 and it shows an unexpected
6:42 depth so Al we think in the new format
6:43 the second dance number should come
6:47 before the big sketch gee I don't know I
6:50 like it now I like it yeah me too yeah I
6:52 like it too what do you know look at
7:00 wearing I only wrote what I knew about
7:01 was just my life and if you're writing
7:03 about that nobody can say that's not
7:06 true it is true I'm living it on the
7:08 Dick Van Dy show we could believe the
7:11 actions of the characters because we
7:13 could relate to them this wasn't a genie
7:15 and a bikini in someone's bottle on
7:18 their mantle these were real people
7:22 women are more more honest and direct no
7:24 they're more
7:27 courageous we all have the same needs
7:30 feelings relationships with husbands and
7:32 wives that was the kind of Comedy we did
7:34 the problems of living
7:44 baby oh Rob don't tell me you're jealous
7:46 already the season opening episode for
7:49 the 1963 season was seared into my head
7:51 now our wife had a baby on the same day
7:53 in the same hospital and the hospital
7:55 was very busy Mr Peters what am I
7:57 getting at they thought they got the
7:59 wrong baby from the hospital so he
8:02 called the parents of the other kid and
8:04 thinks you know uh we may have your kid
8:10 kid hi we're Mr and Mrs
8:31 W it was beautiful absolutely beautiful
8:33 here they're tackling a subject without
8:35 tackling it why didn't you tell me on the
8:36 the
8:39 phone missed the expression on your face
8:42 the network worried about the fact that
8:44 the African-Americans might be upset by
8:47 it the network was always a little
8:49 behind there are there's always somebody
8:53 back there who doesn't have ba a WLS
8:56 balls in Hollywood the winner kyl Riner
9:05 I wish somebody had told me I would have
9:17 hair I was going to tell you this one
9:18 you know you know those knock knock
9:21 jokes yeah but they're old now some new
9:23 I got a real I got a real funny one all
9:26 right go ahead start say knock knock I
9:27 say yeah go ahead knock knock who's there
9:38 yeah there's only three networks and it
9:40 was only one late night show really and
9:44 it was Jack par they don't understand uh
9:45 how we do the show we just keep talking
9:49 with no I it's
9:52 Agony Jack Parr invented the late night
9:55 television talk show you feel confident
9:57 that you there's not a man in the world
10:01 to beat me I'm as pretty as Liber r
10:05 Jack had in his Corner his personality
10:08 his fabulously interesting complex
10:11 frightening neurotic but another cases
10:14 enthusiastic and informed personality it
10:17 made for great television how much time
10:17 have I
10:20 done I don't have a watch
10:24 either how much nine has it been
10:27 Charming I'll quit now that I'm
10:32 not he here
10:34 Johnny Johnny Carson inherited The
10:37 Tonight Show but he made it his own it's
10:38 going to be wild tonight I can always
10:49 married and if his buddies came and they
10:51 started playing together you felt like
10:53 what it must have felt like to go to
10:54 Vegas at 3: in the morning and have the
10:56 Rat Pack come
11:00 on no but where's the guy you talk to [Applause]
11:03 [Applause]
11:05 I love that it was a beautiful thing to
11:08 watch a guy working at his best okay
11:11 Mingo well we have get your ax and let's go
11:21 [Music] [Applause]
11:35 if you watch it closely he's gauging how
11:38 much longer he can wait to let the laugh
11:41 die before what he says will be
11:44 irrelevant to what happened and he gets
12:01 [Applause]
12:02 Johnny was the best audience in the
12:05 world and he loved comedy and the woman
12:06 the woman's watching him she's watching
12:07 him from the corner her eyes she says to
12:09 him what are you looking at the guy says
12:22 lady Johnny was there listening for you
12:24 he wanted you to score and when you
12:26 scored he scored conductor said now calm
12:28 down L he said Madam the Pennsylvania
12:31 Railroad will go to any length to avoid
12:32 having differences between the
12:34 passengers said perhaps it would be more
12:35 to your convenience if we were to
12:37 rearrange your
12:39 seating and as a small compensation from
12:42 the railroad if you'll accompany me to
12:43 the dining car we'll give you a free
12:59 monkey I I'm dick kavat uh funnier than
13:02 Chad Huntley taller than Mickey Rooney
13:04 and as pure and honest as Newark New
13:07 Jersey the dick cavat show was amazing
13:08 because you could get people like Norman
13:11 maor and Woody Allen my only New Year's
13:13 resolution this year I think I'm going
13:14 to try and sleep through the Nixon
13:17 Administration you know you would have
13:19 authors on you would have heavyweight
13:21 boxers there were conversations When you
13:23 mention the national anthem and uh talk
13:25 about playing it in any unorthodox way
13:27 you immediately get a guaranteed
13:28 percentage of hate mail from people who
13:30 say that's not an orthodox that's not an
13:33 orthodox it isn't an orthodox no no I
13:40 go I just thought anything that's
13:42 interesting ought to have a place on a
13:45 talk show rather than young pretty
13:47 actresses who use the word excited in
13:49 every sentence you're not frequently
13:51 seen on television is that by choice or
13:54 well uh of course it is the most
13:56 impressive medium of all uh it's the
13:58 medium that's going to either save
14:00 America or send a down into demise
14:02 there's no question about I'm getting
14:04 out of it
14:06 myself we'll be back after
14:09 this what you do is you book the best
14:10 possible guests from different kinds of
14:12 businesses maybe not everybody in Show
14:14 Business some politics some newspaper
14:16 people get them all on a stage together
14:19 and hope that something works but it's a
14:21 great show it's a great platform for
14:23 people who have something to say the
14:25 point is that they take these scripts
14:27 out of the drawers they change the
14:29 things around maybe it doesn't work with
14:30 Green Acres but on many of these shows
14:32 and that's why night after night you
14:35 turn on these cereals and they all seem
14:41 box back then you had lots and lots of
14:43 copycats You've Got The Adams Family and
14:45 then you have the monsters you've got
14:46 Bewitched and then you've got I Dream of
14:48 Genie you know the the old saying is
14:50 imitation is the sincerest form of
14:52 Television so if one person is doing
14:54 this Fantastical hit we're going to do
14:57 that now was that considered a crime I'm
14:58 afraid not there aren't any laws to
15:01 protect us against Bad TV shows yet so
15:04 you're safe thank
15:07 you what I'm surprised by are some of
15:08 the shows that I can't even imagine the
15:11 pitch meetings for like Poogan's Heroes
15:13 it's a story about American prisoners of
15:16 war in a Nazi concentration camp which
15:18 doesn't exactly sound like it's a funny
15:21 comedy why don't they trust us
15:25 Schultz that shows you how weird the 60s
15:28 was right there there's another one of
15:37 stop the moving story of an effeminate
15:43 driver who is really an astronaut for the
15:50 mafia 9:30 eastern time 8:30 Central
16:01 Time BBS presents this program in
16:03 color I didn't have color television
16:07 until I was 16 years old yes I lived
16:09 like an animal the following program is
16:12 being brought to you In Living Color on
16:15 NBC getting the color TV was huge
16:17 because suddenly we could watch Walt
16:18 Disney's Wonderful World of Color on
16:21 Sunday nights which was like just an
16:23 acid trip of a show we just could not believe
16:29 it Tinker Bell going Bing Bing Bing and
16:31 it was like oh it was like special
16:32 effects par
16:42 color that also happened just
16:45 coincidentally at the time when what we
16:48 think of as the mod 60s came in colors
16:51 were all over the place just as TV could
16:56 start to take advantage of them hi well
16:59 glad you can make it I remember saying
17:02 stay tuned for gigit Next In Color
17:04 Wednesday night September 15th in color
17:09 on ABC it was a big marketing
17:12 thing color TV was a huge step forward
17:15 as far as the technology went and yet I
17:17 think of Lost in Space Lost in Space
17:19 started off as a black and white show
17:20 and then went to color it didn't get any
17:23 better when it went to color Dr Smith
17:26 you're alive of course I'm alive do I
17:29 look like a corpse the period has a
17:32 reputation for being TV as a kind of
17:34 candy sometimes felt like there was this
17:36 really aggressive innocence to it you're
17:39 only to blow that in an emergency this
17:40 is an emergency you're standing on my
17:44 foot Gilligan's Island makes no sense
17:46 whatsoever logistically got to make a
17:48 spider drunk how is the professor able
17:49 to build all this stuff but not build a
17:53 damn raft with this stick of true
17:55 Dynamite that I made it makes no sense
17:57 if you pull any single thread on it but
17:59 it was just like the kind of show
18:01 designed to live forever in syndication
18:04 what are you looking for for none who
18:12 kidding Flying Nun is the most that is a
18:15 crazy show like what is that about look
18:17 Carlos it's very simple you see I only
18:19 weigh 90 lb and the combination of my
18:22 cornette and the win lifts me it was
18:26 just complete nonsense let's face it it
18:29 was in height of the 60s and every one
18:31 was eating granola and dropping out and
18:35 doing God knows what else and I
18:38 wasn't hello Central I'm switching to my
18:40 eyeglasses put a hold on my wallet but
18:46 open television more than ever in the
18:58 go seemed like it was almost sort of a
19:00 willful respit from the stuff that was
19:03 going on out in the world and in real
19:06 life here's a bulletin from CBS News
19:08 there has been an attempt as perhaps you
19:10 know now on the life of President
19:12 Kennedy he was wounded in an automobile
19:14 driving from until the early 60s
19:17 television news was by and large seen as
19:19 something of a Backwater to print
19:22 journalism and even to radio but the
19:25 Kennedy assassination was the moment
19:28 that television journalism came of age
19:30 continue full day coverage of the
19:31 presidential funeral and final
19:33 procession to Harley more and more
19:36 people were depending on television to
19:38 give them the headline news of the day
19:40 330 Americans were killed in combat last
19:42 week in Vietnam but the number of
19:45 wounded 3886 was the highest of any week
19:46 in the world most of the
19:49 1960s the contrast between what you saw
19:50 on your entertainment and what you saw
19:54 on the news was you know
19:56 planetary never has this descent been as
19:59 emotional as intense
20:02 in the 60s it was one thing after
20:05 another each year it was filled with important
20:11 events Governor Wallace has ordered 500
20:13 Alabama National Guardsmen in Tuscaloosa
20:15 at the moment they are under his
20:18 control whether it was the civil rights
20:20 movement or it was the Kennedy
20:23 assassination or the Space Race radi
20:24 when there was a huge thing that
20:27 happened it happened on TV the witness
20:29 to that violence that it seemed to be
20:30 unprovoked on the part of the
20:34 demonstrators television became the fire
20:36 in which the whole tribe gathered around
20:39 to listen to the elders tell them what
20:40 was going on police reinforcements
21:07 good evening ladies and gentlemen
21:10 tonight live from New York from
21:12 Hollywood from beautiful downtown
21:17 Burbank here is the star of our show Bob [Music]
21:24 Po variety was the backbone of
21:25 Television back then one year there were
21:27 like 18 different variety shows
21:28 everybody had a variety [Music]
21:34 [Music]
21:36 everyone was different because of who
21:42 [Music] [Applause]
21:47 [Applause] [Music]
21:50 [Music]
21:54 show Dean Martin was just so loose he
21:56 acted as though he was doing the whole
21:58 show drunk without a rehearsal this a
22:01 real International show now where else
22:03 could you see a smooth Italian and a slippery
22:20 funny he always looked as if he was a bit
22:22 bit
22:24 lost people thought it was because he
22:26 was Tiddly but that was part of the charm
22:32 here he is Ed [Music]
22:36 [Music] Sullivan
22:38 Sullivan
22:40 thank no matter who controlled the TV
22:42 set the other nights of the week on
22:44 Sunday night you know 8:00 you were
22:46 going to watch Ed Sullivan Now ladies
22:48 and gentlemen a very fine nov act Ed
22:50 Sullivan was a phenomenon and he was a
22:54 powerful force quiet Peace Quiet the
22:55 beauty of the Sullivan kind of variety
22:57 show is that if you didn't like
22:59 something something else would be around
23:02 in 4 minutes no Johnny no no no why why
23:05 it is very difficult easy advertisers
23:07 wanted everybody and so they got
23:09 everybody a little kid and his
23:11 grandparents who could watch the same
23:15 show they would have an elephant on and
23:16 then the next thing somebody doing
23:18 Shakespeare and then the next thing a
23:20 comic there would be an acrobat and then
23:23 an opera singer the next bit which was
23:32 will be great when anything that was
23:34 current was on The Ed Sullivan Show here
23:42 Tri Rodney danger everybody wanted a
23:44 showcase and if you got on Sullivan you
23:46 knew you can talk about it then next you
23:48 see Sullivan my whole life I don't get
23:51 no respect no respect from anyone as a
23:53 performer you couldn't get a better
24:08 when I started out they would say
24:10 variety is a man's game uh it's Dean
24:13 it's mil Burl it's Jackie gleon it's you
24:16 know the guys but variety is what I know
24:22 [Music] [Applause]
24:23 [Applause]
24:26 this she had been so good on the Gary
24:28 Moore Show she always know she can sing
24:32 and dance and be funny honey where
24:35 the on my show I would do Pratt Falls
24:36 and jump out of Windows and get pies in
24:41 the face and it was Heaven it's a it's a
24:44 I I think it's going oh you know I still
24:46 I see a rerun of Carol Bernett show I
24:49 God damn they're
24:51 funny there's never been a better three-
24:53 wall scetch show ever she was great in
24:55 bed too Dicky remember that you never
24:58 went to bed with well you're not
25:01 supposed to cut you're supposed to Bow
25:08 over when Tim Conway came on and his
25:10 goal in life was to destroy Harvey
25:13 here's Tim with our own Harvey Corman as
25:16 a brand new dentist with his very first
25:19 patient we used to have a pool backstage
25:21 not as to whether Harvey was going to
25:23 break up but as to how far he could get
25:26 along in the sketch before he broke up
25:29 okay noane here we are no came take a
25:38 [Music]
25:40 right they never knew what he was going
25:42 to do but they knew it was not going to
25:50 expected when they did the dentist
25:53 sketch none of that was rehearsed he'll
25:55 be right with
25:59 you poor Harvey was helpless tears
26:02 coming down and Tim swears that Harvey
26:10 sketch I don't know why that works so
26:12 well watching two actors break character
26:15 and just crack each other up should not
26:17 be as entertaining but somehow when it's
26:19 Tim Conway and Harvey Corman doing it it
26:21 just uh I could watch that stuff
26:23 forever I just thought if we have fun
26:25 the audience will we're going to go out
26:29 there and do what we do best and it
26:31 worked you can plan it you can write it
26:33 you can rehearse it but you hope for
26:35 some magic and it was it was Carol Carol
26:36 the magic of Carol [Music]
26:47 Beret are you say he's a TV addict well
26:49 perhaps he's been staring at this
26:50 electronic blessing the television set
26:54 for so long that his life has become his
26:56 yeah and he's reached such a stage of
26:57 confusion that he no longer knows
26:59 whether he's watching the action or is
27:06 it you unlock this door with the key of
27:08 imagination Beyond it is another
27:10 dimension there was a desire on the part
27:13 of writers and producers to push the
27:15 envelope and stretch the medium and you
27:17 certainly saw that with a Twilight Zone
27:19 it was a very cinematic show this is not
27:22 a new world it has patterned itself
27:24 after every dictator who has ever
27:26 planted The Ripping imprint of a boot on
27:28 the pages of history since the beginning
27:30 of time Rod Serling who created The
27:32 Twilight Zone came to the realization
27:34 that through a lens of fantasy or
27:36 science fiction he could actually tell
27:38 stories about racism he could tell
27:41 stories about fascism tonight I shall
27:45 talk to you about glorious Conformity it
27:47 was a way to deal with a lot of the
27:48 issues that America was starting to go
27:51 through at that time but in a fantastic
27:53 setting so that there's some divide
27:55 between you and the show they sent four
27:57 people a mother and a father and two
28:01 kids who look just like humans but they
28:04 weren't the Twilight Zone had these
28:06 little Oh Henry like twists on it and
28:09 was allowed to have unhappy
28:11 endings they picked the most dangerous
28:22 themselves now 6 months of fugitive this
28:25 is Richard kemell with a new identity
28:28 and for as long as it is safe a new name
28:30 The Fugitive was kind of a somber
28:32 character study beware the eyes of
28:35 strangers keep moving everybody wanted
28:38 to see what happens to the fugitive well
28:39 the natural question is how long is it
28:41 going to go on will we ever find I'm
28:43 about ready to give up I'm
28:47 tired when it ended it broke the
28:49 viewership record set by The Beatles on
28:51 Ed Sullivan was one of the first TV
28:53 shows that actually went somewhere you
28:56 know Youngstown is not exactly on our
28:59 course and I lot of ways television was
29:01 showing the slices of the world that
29:03 people they had never seen before Route
29:06 66 was an Innovative show because it was
29:08 actually filmed on location so the
29:10 audience was being exposed to things
29:13 that just weren't part of their local
29:20 frontier you know there's a little bit
29:22 of the Mayberry aspect to the world of
29:23 Star Trek and that's going to sound like
29:26 an odd analogy but but follow me here
29:28 people want to believe that such a place
29:31 can exist the idea of a future in which
29:34 a lot of the biases and fears of the
29:37 past has evolved out of us where I come
29:40 from size shape or color makes no
29:42 difference there's one episode where
29:45 some of the members of crew were taken
29:49 over by these mental Giants this
29:51 psychokinetic power of yours how long
29:55 have you had it they forced Captain Kirk
29:58 and Lieutenant uro to kiss [Music]
29:59 [Music] [Applause]
30:01 [Applause] [Music]
30:06 [Music]
30:16 television NBC asked me if I would do my
30:18 own special and I had always adored Harry
30:19 Harry
30:22 bellonte yellow we decided to do one
30:29 Glory it's an anti-war song and we both
30:32 felt very strongly about it and I just
30:34 touched his
30:38 arm the sponsor went crazy my star
30:40 doesn't touch a black man's
30:43 arm Pula Clark says I'm not doing it
30:46 over and it's my show and it's going in
30:48 that way we weren't having any of that
30:51 nonsense no way so it went out the way
30:54 we wanted it to go out I didn't really
30:55 have any other problems with sponsors
30:58 but that sort of gave me a taste of what could
31:00 could [Music]
31:07 [Music]
31:10 happening in the TV business the 60s was
31:12 probably about the last decade during
31:15 which the sponsors had a really iron
31:19 grip on content brought to you by
31:23 Dash even if they tried to keep TV this
31:26 white homogeneous whole milk product the
31:29 world found its way in it could it it
31:31 just had
31:33 to a trouble [Music]
31:37 [Music]
31:39 driver don't you ever remember to bring
31:46 suit with I spy Robert Culp and Bill
31:50 Cosby were equals Cosby is this Pioneer
31:53 in terms of a black male lead in a drama
31:56 he made race a nonissue because he's
32:00 undeniable the winner is Bill Cy and [Applause]
32:09 I Bobby and I try and put forth an
32:13 example of the way it should be racially
32:16 in this country we need more people in
32:19 this industry to put forth that message
32:21 and let it be known to the bigots and
32:26 the racist that they don't count thank
32:30 you as television changed it was helping
32:33 all Americans to understand that this is
32:36 what America looks like uh frankly
32:39 you're not exactly what I expected no no
32:41 not from what I read here did you expect
32:45 me to be older or
32:48 younger Julia was going to be the first
32:51 time that a black woman starred in her
32:54 own television show has Mr Colton told
32:56 you tell me what I'm colored what color
32:58 are you she was was a young black woman
33:01 who had been educated raising her son
33:05 alone it had a universality that was
33:08 just something new and you'll keep out
33:12 of Mischief I'll just watch the old TV
33:15 good in the 60s America was exploding in
33:25 TV stand still Dragnet came back in the
33:28 late 60s and Friday was was now in a
33:30 very different world than he had been in
33:32 in the black and white days and suddenly
33:34 they were the damn dirty hippies I'll
33:35 make you book he's been dropping that
33:37 acid we've been hearing about Jack web
33:39 would lecture you about the dangers of
33:42 marijuana smoking and crazy drug culture
33:44 they're trying to deal with the Counter
33:46 Culture but they don't understand it so
33:48 it's just basically their stereotypes of
33:50 what the hippies were like and it plays
33:53 exactly like that keep your nose out of
33:54 my purse keep yours out of the asset
34:02 a supreme National effort will be needed
34:05 to move this country safely through the
34:08 1960s there was tremendous anxiety and
34:10 fear 25 Russian ships are on route to
34:13 Cuba on what may be a collision course
34:15 jeffk said to his brother what if
34:17 there's a nuclear war and our children
34:27 first whatever the president does he
34:49 laughing our country would be much
34:51 better off with a strong leader I know
34:54 but sonato can't do
34:57 everything when laughing came along we'
34:58 never seen any thing that was kind of
35:01 like grown-ups acting goofy and hip that
35:04 way you know they had girls dancing in
35:06 bikinis and they had the joke
35:09 wall who's in there with you Cool Hand
35:12 Luke and it was nothing but jokes I was
35:14 at the hospital oh anything serious a
35:17 black widow bit me well it never would
35:23 gentleman J we took it to the network
35:26 and the network said what the hell is
35:28 this he said this makes no sense I said
35:33 right hi you too they acknowledged the
35:36 hippie generation yet the hosts were in
35:38 tuxedos smoking cigarettes they were
35:40 still your parents but the other people
35:42 let loose on the show were this kind of young
35:43 young [Applause]
35:46 [Applause]
35:54 time hey she socked it to herself we
35:57 knew that sock it to me didn't mean sock
36:02 it to me right so we thought oh sock it
36:05 to Meck it to
36:07 me suck it to
36:11 me it was not as subversive as it sounds
36:14 yes it was it was it was it was
36:17 fun suck it to
36:20 me it was the first time presidential
36:22 candidate had ever appeared on a comedy
36:24 show and that uh may have got him
36:27 elected and I've had to live with that
36:29 anyway the family that watches laugh in
36:32 together really needs to pray together
36:34 just seemed like it's happening right
36:36 now and it's about right now that was
36:37 the greatest thing ever that there was a
36:39 fusion of politics and comedy and
36:42 everything else into one television show
36:43 when we take over I'm going to look out
36:47 for you the subjects that were verboten
36:49 we don't talk about these things were
36:52 starting to come up in TV and because it
36:54 was well executed it changed everything
36:56 this is the Smothers Brothers Comedy
36:58 Hour production 124 air than [Music]
36:59 [Music] [Applause]
37:04 [Applause]
37:06 one good evening and welcome to the
37:08 Smothers Brothers show if Rowan and
37:10 Martin and the Smothers Brothers are the
37:13 new stars of TV comedy it is the comedy
37:16 itself rather than the comedians which
37:18 is more often in the spotlight these two
37:20 programs have consciously tried to
37:22 Influence People by comedy techniques
37:24 that break through the traditional song
37:27 and skit routines and by subject matter
37:28 that that is often on The Cutting Edge
37:31 of what is new our our government is
37:33 asking us as Citizens good citizens to
37:39 lands okay all you guys in Vietnam come on
37:41 on
37:44 home the times were changing so quickly
37:47 in the 60s and we didn't change them uh
37:49 we we just reflected I can't hear you
37:51 what are you doing I'm getting ready to
37:52 go to
37:55 college CBS gave the Smothers Brothers
37:57 that show because they were clean cut
38:00 folk sists you know they wore Blazers
38:03 they could sing well they were funny mom
38:06 likes you best you lower your voice Mom liked
38:07 liked
38:09 you they told us what they thought we
38:11 could do and what we should do and it
38:13 was totally wrong and Tommy came in
38:15 saying I would like to show where we
38:16 could be relevant if you ever get a war
38:18 without blood and gore boy I'll be the
38:28 Maxim only 18 I got to run to and always
38:30 the people in the counterculture start
38:32 making these shows and they don't want
38:33 to play by the rules that other people
38:36 did before then but who would expect the
38:38 Smothers Brothers of all people to be
38:40 the ones raising this much of a fuss good
38:43 good
38:45 script I held my breath every time they
38:47 did the show cuz I knew that the network
38:52 people were beiling their trousers with
38:55 fear nothing funny in this here are boys
39:02 they said that the social subjects we
39:05 touched on were not appropriate for the
39:07 9:00 family viewing
39:10 hour they came up with any excuse to
39:12 make it difficult and I came up with any
39:15 excuse to push it yes CBS would like to
39:17 give us
39:19 notice and some of you don't like the
39:23 things we say but we're still here oh
39:26 yeah we're still here they were going to
39:28 speak truth to power
39:34 compromising do you have something
39:36 important something very important to
39:38 say on American television you know a
39:39 lot of times we can't we don't have
39:41 opportunity saying anything important
39:42 because it's American television every
39:44 time you say something and try to say
39:50 they well whether you can say it or not
39:53 keep trying to say it that's what's
39:55 important you get that yeah there's no
39:56 way in the world if anything's
39:58 meaningful and truthful that you're not
40:00 going to offend someone we've got to be
40:05 able to uh say what it is say how it is
40:06 and take the
40:09 consequence CBS announced today that the
40:11 Smothers Brothers comedy hour will not
40:13 return to the CBS television network
40:16 next season Network president Robert
40:18 Wood said it became evident that the
40:21 brothers quote were unwilling to accept
40:24 the criteria of taste established by
40:26 CBS CBS News efforts to reach the
40:33 unsuccessful I was angry but we never
40:36 regretted it we never did regret it what
40:38 do you think of Television honestly do
40:40 you think it's good yes I do I think
40:42 particularly for what it is for the
40:43 amount of
40:46 hours that it gives you for enjoyment
40:49 either in education or for pure
40:52 entertainment it's remarkably good what
40:54 television did in the 60s was to show
40:56 the American people to the American people
40:57 people
41:00 until then we did not truly know much
41:02 about each other we knew only what we
41:05 had seen which is very little and what
41:07 we had read which was even less few
41:09 years ago I thought it was the end of
41:11 the world now it's just the beginning I
41:13 think people looked at television for
41:15 answers maybe that the world's just
41:17 confusing as going to hell all over the
41:21 place maybe something on here will help
41:24 there was no denying shift in attitudes
41:26 towards sex towards race relations
41:30 towards politics it was all televised
41:32 that you will Faithfully execute the
41:35 office that I will Faithfully execute
41:37 the office when it works television
41:40 conveys Impressions and evokes memories
41:43 when it works well television makes us
41:47 feel good morning it's tus 1 hour 29
41:50 minutes and 53 seconds and counting
41:52 television created a sense of national
41:55 Unity around cultural events okay Neil
41:56 we can see you coming down the ladder
41:58 now you you could turn on a machine and
42:02 be somewhere else looking good here what
42:05 television changed absolutely
42:49 a supreme National effort will be needed
42:56 1960s across the world Soviet missiles
42:59 are aimed at United States whatever the
43:02 president does he risks nuclear
43:07 war BR calls West Berlin a cancerous s
43:09 the lines are now
43:12 drawn 25 Russian ships are on route to
43:15 Cuba on what may be a collision cour no
43:16 way of knowing whether Western
43:20 Civilization will live or die I think
43:21 unless something is done that Humanity
43:24 will destroy itself s [Music]
44:25 early on in the 60s you have this
44:28 backdrop of tension you have capitalism
44:31 versus communism and there was palpable
44:33 fear in the United States and in the
44:35 Soviet Union that the two sides were
44:38 going to get into a nuclear
44:42 war The Temper of the world is Crisis
44:48 crisis as the head of the Soviet Union
44:51 Kush was very ideological he believed
44:54 that the future belonged to Communism he
44:57 said America needs to be contained and
44:59 the only way to do it is to create
45:03 crises all around the American Empire
45:05 kushev came to the UN in
45:08 1960 and he said we are grinding out
45:11 missiles like sausages We will bury you
45:14 and Americans took it seriously the
45:16 toughness of the crov speech did add
45:19 some propaganda fuel to the fire that is
45:21 now raging diplomatically between Moscow and
45:24 and
45:26 Washington to see if the Soviets were
45:28 building nuclear weapons and more
45:30 importantly missiles to launch them at
45:33 the United States we were flying a spy
45:45 U2 I'm Bill Fox State cable editor for
45:48 United Press International in New York a
45:50 single engine US Air Force plane with
45:52 one man aboard was missing today not far
45:54 from the Soviet Border in the rugged
46:04 to a stunned and startled audience
46:07 chrisj announced that an American U2 spy
46:10 plane had been shot down in the Soviet
46:13 Union HF made the wreckage a public
46:15 exhibition to the Soviet Union this
46:18 wreckage was a national cause National
46:21 outrage over the violation of Soviet
46:24 boundaries and so out comes the cover story
46:31 the department has been informed by the
46:36 NASA a U2 weather research plane piloted
46:39 by a civilian has been missing since May
46:42 1 Eisenhower had said no that didn't
46:45 happen etc etc he'd been drawn into a
46:48 trap by kushev the Soviet leader was
46:50 able to show not only had they shot down
46:57 pilot Francis Gary Powers an ordinary
46:59 man caught up in extraordinary
47:03 circumstances and in a way magnified by
47:05 them I realized that I've committed a
47:07 grave crime and I realized that I must
47:10 be punished for it the evidence of
47:13 Espionage currency presumably for the
47:16 Spy to buy his way to freedom and a
47:19 spy's Last Resort a poison needle with
47:21 which he could kill himself instantly if
47:23 captured and threatened with
47:26 torture no one wants another Pearl
47:28 Harbor this means that we must have
47:30 knowledge of military forces and
47:33 preparations around the world the safety
47:36 of the whole free world demands this our
47:38 government was in effect admitting that
47:41 we had previously lied and that we had
47:44 committed Espionage admissions no Nation
47:46 had ever made before how will this
47:48 incident uh affect the United States do
47:50 you think I feel that it will give the
47:52 uh Americans of black ey all over the
47:55 earth I think that we ought to uh sink
47:56 one of those submarines that have been
48:00 spying of cape canabo well I don't think
48:03 we should admit it we have a right to protect
48:04 protect
48:06 ourselves the shootdown was such a big
48:10 event that it basically torpedoed dayon
48:13 it torpedoed the chance to have a
48:15 peaceful period and actually it was the
48:17 beginning of the scariest part of the Cold
48:18 Cold
48:22 War America's public mood was one of
48:24 demoralization and there's the feeling
48:26 that we can do better and that's when
48:29 the election of 1960 comes [Music]
48:39 [Music]
48:42 along I think the question before the
48:44 American people is are we doing as much
48:47 as we can do are we as strong as we
48:49 should be are we as strong as we must be
48:51 if we're going to maintain our
48:54 independence Kennedy was a cold warrior
48:57 more than Eisenhower was really I want
48:59 people in Latin America and Africa and
49:02 Asia to start to look to America to see
49:04 how we're doing things to wonder what
49:06 the president of the United States is
49:08 doing and not to look at Kusha or look
49:11 at the Chinese Communist the fact is
49:14 Kennedy did run to the right of Nixon
49:17 and he was saying that they were letting
49:21 the Russians get ahead of us in missiles
49:24 it frightens people it's not true but it
49:26 frightens people and it's very effective
49:27 in the campaign
49:29 I believe the Soviet Union is first and
49:31 outer space you yourself said to Kusha
49:33 you may be ahead of us in rocket thrust
49:34 but we're ahead of you in color
49:36 television I think that color television
49:38 is not as important as Rocket truck the
49:41 missile Gap was a total lie we outm
49:43 missil them at that time better than 100
49:46 to one if Eisen now had come forward and
49:49 said this kid is not telling the truth
49:54 [Music]
49:58 election let every Nation know whether
50:01 it wishes us well or
50:05 ill that we shall pay any
50:07 price bear any
50:10 burden meet any
50:15 hardship support any friend oppos any
50:18 foe to assure the survival and the
50:19 success of [Applause]
50:21 [Applause]
50:25 Liberty Kennedy in his inaugural speech
50:26 did not have a single mention of
50:29 domestic issue he came to the presidency
50:33 thinking his job was to run the Cold War
50:36 to defeat the Russians I do not shrink
50:38 from this responsibility I welcome [Music]
50:49 it if you had left New York by car at 7
50:52 Minutes 1 this morning by 255 you could
50:55 have made Philadelphia 95 m in an hour
50:57 and 48 minutes
50:59 in that same time this morning a man
51:03 went around the world the spaceship was
51:06 built in Russia when the Russians put
51:10 Yuri gagaran into space it was another
51:12 sense of America being knocked back on
51:16 its heels we're behind BR greeted the
51:19 hero saying now let the capitalist
51:25 up for the Russians to be the first to
51:27 put a man in space Delta real blow not
51:31 only to American Pride but restarted the
51:33 whole question about whether the US
51:35 government could protect the American
51:39 people gagaran spaceship weighed 5 tons
51:41 the biggest payload we've been able to
51:43 push into orbit weighed only a few
51:45 hundred PBS if you can put a man into
51:48 space you can put nuclear warheads into
51:56 trouble this is norvin Calin Moscow the
51:58 people who work back here in the Kremlin
52:00 are convinced that the balance of power
52:02 in the world has shifted in their favor
52:04 and encouraged by this conviction
52:05 they've stepped up their activities all
52:08 over the world not only in Berlin but
52:10 also in Latin
52:12 America a great Jam of cameramen here
52:15 now an absolute mad house
52:18 here the first historic meeting between
52:22 Premier Kev and Premier Castro is now
52:26 over my father first met Fidel castra in
52:30 19 1960 in the United Nations Cubans
52:34 became heroes in the Soviet Union it was
52:39 like the David H G if every citiz of the
52:42 United State could visit Cuba their
52:43 opinion they will be [Music]
52:50 all in the years since he took Power
52:52 theal Castle has become an enemy of the United
52:53 United
52:57 States in Cuba you have Fidel cast who
53:00 is tying himself to the Soviet block
53:02 which seems to be threatening the United
53:04 States by the possibility that they're
53:06 going to export communism to other South
53:08 American countries which are in many instances
53:16 anti-American krushev is saying that you
53:17 have to understand that Cuba matters a
53:20 lot to us don't mess with Cuba krusha
53:23 was not just using rhetoric the Eastern
53:26 block was supporting Castro with
53:28 military assistance many Latin Americans
53:30 were shocked to find out how much
53:33 communist equipment Castro actually has
53:34 the sense was that Kennedy had to do
53:36 something about Castro when Kenny comes
53:39 to the presidency he's briefed on the
53:41 fact that there was a plan in place to
53:44 topple Castro but the plan that's
53:47 presented to him is not what he wants
53:50 it's a huge Invasion a noisy Beach it's
53:53 going to look like a US invasion of Cuba
53:55 so he says to the CIA we can't be
53:57 associated with this
53:59 I want something that is believably
54:02 Cuban this is Ron oen in Miami I'm
54:04 standing in one of the many anti-castro
54:06 recruiting places scattered throughout
54:09 the city the great majority of C were
54:10 anti-communist so when we found there
54:13 was something against Castro we learned
54:14 where there was a recruiting center and
54:17 we just approached then and joined we
54:20 had no idea it was the CIA since 2:00
54:21 this morning men and boys have been
54:24 filing through this door behind me
54:25 anxious to join the fight in Cuba
54:28 against Fidel Castro's government they
54:31 were mainly Cuban Exiles they hated
54:33 Castro they thought that they could
54:35 mount a small scale Invasion which would
54:37 gather more and more support until it
54:40 ended up overthrowing the regime Cuban
54:43 businessmen doctors white collar workers
54:46 men who once drove taxis always hoping
54:48 the muscle of the United States would
54:51 sustain them without the United State
54:53 being behind this operation it was no
54:55 way we were going to lose and we were run
55:09 small force of Invaders landed at a
55:11 semi-isolated resort area on the south
55:14 coast of Cuba at the Bay of pig asro
55:16 alerted his small air force and his
55:18 large army and raced toward the scene
55:20 The Showdown came at dawn the rebels
55:23 managed to move only 20 mi Inland and
55:25 those able to move beyond the beach were
55:32 growth long live the Revolutionary
55:34 forces which are shooting down Yankee
55:37 planes and are smashing the Invaders of
55:40 the land the Castro control television
55:42 network is parading prisoners captured
55:44 on the beaches of Las Vegas before the
55:47 cameras for public interrogation one
55:49 writer called the Bay of Pigs the
55:52 perfect failure it was a tragedy on the
55:56 beach and in Washington
55:58 out of the news of this week the attempt
56:01 of Cuban Exiles to reestablish a
56:04 foothold in their Homeland a tactical
56:06 failure that became a strategic defeat
56:09 for Cuban democracy and American
56:13 Prestige this act of imperialistic
56:16 piraty Falls squarely on the government
56:19 of the United States United States has
56:22 committed no aggression against Cuba and
56:25 no offensive has been launched from
56:27 Florida or from any other part of the
56:30 United States the American role is
56:33 immediately exposed No One Believes that
56:39 help the leader of the Free World has
56:42 been humiliated on its own doorstep
56:44 Castro has prevailed over Kennedy at
56:46 least for the moment and it will take a
56:49 long time to destroy that image it was a
56:52 Calamity Kennedy had been totally
56:55 misinformed by American intelligence
56:56 about the strength
56:59 of the anti-communist movement and the
57:01 fact is when these poor people arrived
57:04 on the beaches in Cuba they were
57:07 decimated on The Landings themselves
57:09 Stuart how large were they actually best
57:12 indications Walter are they were about
57:14 300 men armed only with the weapons they
57:17 could carry it's unmistakably clear
57:20 Walter from all the evidence available
57:22 that the CIA planned this operation it
57:24 was the CIA that established the
57:27 Revolutionary Council by saying to the
57:31 dissident factions get together or else
57:32 today in his news conference the
57:35 president acknowledged the failure and
57:38 took the responsibility for it detailed
57:42 uh discussions are not to uh conceal
57:43 responsibility because I'm the
57:46 responsible officer of the government
57:49 victory has 100 fathers and defeat is an
57:52 orphan the Russians I think see this as
57:55 evidence of a young feckless inexperienced
57:56 inexperienced
57:59 President Kennedy privately goes around
58:01 saying how could I have been so stupid
58:03 he's full of self-recrimination
58:06 Kennedy listen to The Experts CIA the
58:08 military a little bit too much and they
58:11 were wrong the lesson he learns from
58:25 CIA after the Bay of Pigs Kennedy was
58:29 more anxious than ever to meet with kusf
58:32 because he knew that he had screwed up
58:34 there he is President Kenedy
58:36 wi and he thought the meeting in Vienna
58:39 would straighten all that out in fact it
58:40 made it much
58:43 worse Vienna was at its romantic best
58:45 almost enough it seemed to remove a bit
58:48 of the Chill from the Cold War it began
58:50 with a police escort leading Mr
58:51 Kennedy's limousine to the Soviet
58:55 Embassy Nikita CRF was waiting also for
58:57 talks that would explore such issues as
59:00 Berlin nuclear testing and
59:02 disarmament tell us what you think of
59:04 this meeting between the young President
59:06 democr John well I think it was long
59:09 overdue because the world needs peace
59:11 and the world needs
59:13 disarmament for kof it is a chance to
59:15 test the new president on the subject of
59:20 Berlin kof is tough and blunt KV said
59:24 West Berlin is a bone in my throat and
59:27 we must extract it
59:29 Berlin of course is divided at the end
59:32 of World War II but Berlin is 110 miles
59:34 inside of the East German zone kushev is
59:37 threatening to force the integration and
59:40 take over West Berlin and Kennedy says
59:43 to him Berlin is part of our Western
59:45 commitment at World War II don't
59:48 challenge us there after two days the
59:52 talks end Kennedy did not do well he
59:54 allowed himself to be caught in an
59:56 ideological argument with kovi been
59:59 warned against it he did it anyways and kusov bullied him and pushed him around
60:02 kusov bullied him and pushed him around Kush has made the first move in the
60:05 Kush has made the first move in the chess game and the president knows it as
60:08 chess game and the president knows it as he leaves he says it's going to be a
60:10 he leaves he says it's going to be a cold
60:17 winter Kennedy thought there might be a basis for dealing with the Soviets
60:18 basis for dealing with the Soviets instead he gets the Berlin crisis in
60:21 instead he gets the Berlin crisis in July 1,000 East Germans escaped into
60:23 July 1,000 East Germans escaped into West Berlin every day now in August they
60:26 West Berlin every day now in August they are coming out at the rate of 2500 a day
60:29 are coming out at the rate of 2500 a day as a result of tr's threats and demands
60:32 as a result of tr's threats and demands East Germany is being bless of its best
60:34 East Germany is being bless of its best trained people I went to Berlin to cover
60:38 trained people I went to Berlin to cover the bureau and the NBC news desk in New
60:40 the bureau and the NBC news desk in New York called on the middle of the night
60:42 York called on the middle of the night and said what's this about closing off
60:43 and said what's this about closing off the border at the Brandenburg gate at 2
60:45 the border at the Brandenburg gate at 2 a.m. the Communist Regime issued a UK
60:48 a.m. the Communist Regime issued a UK case no East German could go to West
60:50 case no East German could go to West Berlin without special
60:53 Berlin without special dispensation what I the sound of
60:56 dispensation what I the sound of jackhammers erupts in the night suddenly
60:58 jackhammers erupts in the night suddenly East German police appear teir up the
61:00 East German police appear teir up the sidewalks and Street the small crowd
61:03 sidewalks and Street the small crowd gathered and the East Germans were
61:06 gathered and the East Germans were unrolling barbed wire and starting
61:08 unrolling barbed wire and starting fences they were sealing off the Border
61:11 fences they were sealing off the Border I thought my God this is you know
61:14 I thought my God this is you know unbelievable President Kennedy was in
61:16 unbelievable President Kennedy was in hyport for the weekend a telephone call
61:19 hyport for the weekend a telephone call from Washington that Sunday morning told
61:22 from Washington that Sunday morning told him that the Communists had finally
61:23 him that the Communists had finally begun to seal the Berlin sector border
61:26 begun to seal the Berlin sector border against the East Germans and East
61:27 against the East Germans and East berliners through backyards down canals
61:30 berliners through backyards down canals across streets all along the 25 mile
61:33 across streets all along the 25 mile border between East and West Berlin
61:36 border between East and West Berlin telephone lines to West Germany are cut
61:39 telephone lines to West Germany are cut the flood of refugees is damned up West
61:42 the flood of refugees is damned up West Berlin is isolated
61:44 Berlin is isolated [Music]
62:01 a communist country like East Germany cannot exist with an open border it must
62:04 cannot exist with an open border it must be able to wall its people in and make
62:06 be able to wall its people in and make them work till communism
62:13 succeeds President Kennedy decided on Thursday to send Johnson to Berlin
62:16 Thursday to send Johnson to Berlin because mayor brat had written a letter
62:18 because mayor brat had written a letter warning that the city's rotting morale
62:20 warning that the city's rotting morale required bold and quick treatment and
62:23 required bold and quick treatment and the United States want you to know that
62:26 the United States want you to know that the pledge he has given to the freedom
62:30 the pledge he has given to the freedom of West
62:32 of West Berlin and to the rights of Western
62:35 Berlin and to the rights of Western access to
62:37 access to Berlin is
62:44 firm is kof entirely convinced that our words have meaning and if he is not what
62:47 words have meaning and if he is not what can we do short of War to convince him
62:50 can we do short of War to convince him that they do 1500 American soldiers
62:53 that they do 1500 American soldiers arrived in West Berlin after a 100 10m
62:56 arrived in West Berlin after a 100 10m road trip across East Germany and the
62:58 road trip across East Germany and the Soviet press and radio described the
63:00 Soviet press and radio described the arrival of additional American forces as
63:02 arrival of additional American forces as a challenging military act the berliners
63:05 a challenging military act the berliners know that Western strength is their only
63:08 know that Western strength is their only protection there are all sorts of people
63:10 protection there are all sorts of people who say send the tanks and knock the
63:13 who say send the tanks and knock the damn wall down and Kennedy no he
63:17 damn wall down and Kennedy no he understands this solves his problem will
63:20 understands this solves his problem will Crusher try and take over the rest of
63:21 Crusher try and take over the rest of Berlin if he's putting up a wall will he
63:24 Berlin if he's putting up a wall will he risk a war with us no
63:26 risk a war with us no the wall saves us from that kind of
63:37 [Music] conflict after the Berlin crisis kushev
63:41 conflict after the Berlin crisis kushev test the largest nuclear device ever he
63:45 test the largest nuclear device ever he basically is going to say to the
63:46 basically is going to say to the Americans you can't scare me I'm going
63:48 Americans you can't scare me I'm going to scare
63:50 to scare you the West has nuclear jetters people
63:53 you the West has nuclear jetters people worry about Fallout about war
63:56 worry about Fallout about war Chris chof has turned testing into a
63:58 Chris chof has turned testing into a weapon of
63:59 weapon of Terror there was tremendous anxiety and
64:02 Terror there was tremendous anxiety and fear that if you got into a nuclear war
64:06 fear that if you got into a nuclear war it was going to mean the devastation of
64:09 it was going to mean the devastation of civilization it was the
64:12 civilization it was the apocalypse let us face without Panic the
64:15 apocalypse let us face without Panic the reality of our times the fact that atom
64:18 reality of our times the fact that atom bombs May someday be dropped on our
64:20 bombs May someday be dropped on our cities and let us prepare for survival
64:23 cities and let us prepare for survival by understanding the weapon that
64:24 by understanding the weapon that threatens us
64:27 threatens us [Music]
64:28 [Music] the threat of nuclear war was the center
64:31 the threat of nuclear war was the center of many of our Lives The Fallout Shelter
64:34 of many of our Lives The Fallout Shelter could save your life in a nuclear war
64:37 could save your life in a nuclear war the family room of tomorrow it's a truly
64:40 the family room of tomorrow it's a truly ship-shaped room only 8 1/2 by 12 ft in
64:43 ship-shaped room only 8 1/2 by 12 ft in size but with an amazing amount of
64:45 size but with an amazing amount of storage space it just seems unless we
64:48 storage space it just seems unless we can control the use of such a thing as
64:50 can control the use of such a thing as that that uh at all the civilization
64:53 that that uh at all the civilization that we built up over all these uh many
64:56 that we built up over all these uh many thousands of years will just be washed
64:57 thousands of years will just be washed out it gives you quite a scare to think
65:00 out it gives you quite a scare to think about something like that happening to
65:02 about something like that happening to us they were close to nuclear war in
65:06 us they were close to nuclear war in 1961 and as uh JFK said to his brother
65:10 1961 and as uh JFK said to his brother Bobby you know we've had a good life uh
65:13 Bobby you know we've had a good life uh but our
65:14 but our children what if there's a nuclear war
65:17 children what if there's a nuclear war and our children die that's how close
65:20 and our children die that's how close War felt
65:39 as he said he would Mr kusov has exploded his giant bomb in cynical
65:42 exploded his giant bomb in cynical disregard of the United
65:48 Nations Kennedy recognizes that he's on the verge of yet another crisis but he's
65:50 the verge of yet another crisis but he's looking in the wrong
65:52 looking in the wrong direction and then in 1962 there's a lot
65:56 direction and then in 1962 there's a lot of political chatter about Cuba if at
65:59 of political chatter about Cuba if at any time the Communist buildup in Cuba
66:03 any time the Communist buildup in Cuba were to endanger or interfere with our
66:06 were to endanger or interfere with our security in any way then this country
66:09 security in any way then this country will do whatever must be done to protect
66:12 will do whatever must be done to protect its own security and that of its
66:16 its own security and that of its allies the CIA had a consultant who
66:19 allies the CIA had a consultant who spoted soccer fields all along the coast
66:23 spoted soccer fields all along the coast in Cuba and as he said the Cubans play
66:27 in Cuba and as he said the Cubans play baseball Russians play
66:35 soccer Kennedy approves a series of You2 flights he didn't want to get sucked in
66:38 flights he didn't want to get sucked in once again as he had at the time of the
66:40 once again as he had at the time of the Bay of Pigs he wanted hard
66:45 Bay of Pigs he wanted hard [Music]
66:47 [Music] evidence it was the combination of very
66:49 evidence it was the combination of very good high level photography plus
66:52 good high level photography plus Espionage that made it possible for the
66:54 Espionage that made it possible for the US intelligence Community to say Mr
66:55 US intelligence Community to say Mr President we are absolutely convinced
66:58 President we are absolutely convinced that they are putting missiles in Cuba
67:00 that they are putting missiles in Cuba Kennedy gets together a group of his
67:02 Kennedy gets together a group of his closest advisers which becomes known as
67:05 closest advisers which becomes known as the excom or executive committee of the
67:08 the excom or executive committee of the National Security Council how far
67:10 National Security Council how far Advanced is this uh sir we've never seen
67:12 Advanced is this uh sir we've never seen this kind of an installation before you
67:15 this kind of an installation before you in the Soviet Union no sir how do you
67:17 in the Soviet Union no sir how do you know this is a meing brange ballistic
67:20 know this is a meing brange ballistic missile us intelligence showed him the
67:22 missile us intelligence showed him the parts of the United States that would be
67:24 parts of the United States that would be hit by a nuclear attack
67:26 hit by a nuclear attack and the figure was about 30 million
67:29 and the figure was about 30 million Americans were in danger of
67:32 Americans were in danger of dying my father he want to be
67:35 dying my father he want to be recognized as equal if you not recognize
67:38 recognized as equal if you not recognize as equal you challenge opposite
67:42 as equal you challenge opposite sight now what kinds of military action
67:46 sight now what kinds of military action are we capable of carrying out and what
67:47 are we capable of carrying out and what may be some of the consequences we could
67:49 may be some of the consequences we could carry out an air strike within a matter
67:52 carry out an air strike within a matter of days big debates should we bomb
67:56 of days big debates should we bomb should we
67:58 should we invade back and forth now after we have
68:00 invade back and forth now after we have launched 50 to 100 sorties what kind of
68:03 launched 50 to 100 sorties what kind of a world do we live in how how do we stop
68:05 a world do we live in how how do we stop at that point I don't know the answer to
68:08 at that point I don't know the answer to this most of them thought that we should
68:11 this most of them thought that we should attack Cuba Kennedy almost alone did not
68:16 attack Cuba Kennedy almost alone did not want to do that Kennedy is the only
68:19 want to do that Kennedy is the only person who has a sort of larger view
68:23 person who has a sort of larger view there are times when he's not just the
68:25 there are times when he's not just the president of the United States He is
68:27 president of the United States He is thinking in terms of the survival of the
68:31 thinking in terms of the survival of the human race the question really is to
68:33 human race the question really is to what action he take which lessens the
68:36 what action he take which lessens the chances of the Nu change which obviously
68:38 chances of the Nu change which obviously is the final
68:40 is the final failure he was frightened that a wrong
68:42 failure he was frightened that a wrong move by him could trigger a whole
68:45 move by him could trigger a whole sequence of moves by the other side so
68:48 sequence of moves by the other side so he wanted to slow everything down and
68:51 he wanted to slow everything down and the method he chose was the imposition
68:54 the method he chose was the imposition of a blockade
68:57 of a blockade President Kennedy will address the
68:58 President Kennedy will address the nation tonight on radio and television
69:01 nation tonight on radio and television on a subject of the highest national
69:12 urgency good evening my fellow citizens this government as promised has
69:15 this government as promised has maintained the closest surveillance of
69:18 maintained the closest surveillance of the Soviet military buildup on the
69:21 the Soviet military buildup on the island of
69:22 island of Cuba these large long range and clearly
69:25 Cuba these large long range and clearly offensive weapons of sudden mass
69:28 offensive weapons of sudden mass destruction constitutes an explicit
69:30 destruction constitutes an explicit threat to the peace and security of all
69:33 threat to the peace and security of all the
69:34 the Americans to Halt this offensive buildup
69:37 Americans to Halt this offensive buildup a strict quarantine on all offensive
69:40 a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to
69:42 military equipment under shipment to Cuba is being initiated I have directed
69:44 Cuba is being initiated I have directed the Armed Forces to prepare for any
69:48 the Armed Forces to prepare for any eventuality within minutes after the
69:50 eventuality within minutes after the president spoke the Navy announced that
69:52 president spoke the Navy announced that it was sustaining a blockade of Cuba
69:54 it was sustaining a blockade of Cuba with more than 40 ships and 20,000 men
69:58 with more than 40 ships and 20,000 men hate like heck to see us go to war but
69:59 hate like heck to see us go to war but if it's necessary to uh to prevent a
70:02 if it's necessary to uh to prevent a nuclear war I think the action has to be
70:05 nuclear war I think the action has to be taken at this time well I think it's a
70:07 taken at this time well I think it's a high time we uh stopped Russia from
70:10 high time we uh stopped Russia from having things her own way I know that
70:12 having things her own way I know that some actions should be taken but uh he's
70:15 some actions should be taken but uh he's going to have to tread very lightly
70:18 going to have to tread very lightly short of War but the American people
70:20 short of War but the American people were very frightened that they were on
70:23 were very frightened that they were on the edge of a cataclysm
70:26 the edge of a cataclysm something no one had ever experienced
70:28 something no one had ever experienced before a nuclear
70:30 before a nuclear war we have been jammed up we have been
70:33 war we have been jammed up we have been mob people are buying like food is going
70:35 mob people are buying like food is going out of
70:37 out of style is this your normal order or are
70:40 style is this your normal order or are you stockpiling oh I'm not stock piling
70:43 you stockpiling oh I'm not stock piling I feel that if anything would happened
70:44 I feel that if anything would happened you wouldn't be able to eat it
70:46 you wouldn't be able to eat it anyhow develop a shelter spot where
70:48 anyhow develop a shelter spot where there is water food medical supplies a
70:52 there is water food medical supplies a guer counter and a radio Congressional
70:56 guer counter and a radio Congressional leaders were recalled from their
70:57 leaders were recalled from their campaign labors blown back to Washington
70:59 campaign labors blown back to Washington in military planes and there were
71:01 in military planes and there were reports of troop movements in the
71:03 reports of troop movements in the Florida Keys Cuban Premier Fidel Castro
71:06 Florida Keys Cuban Premier Fidel Castro told his people that the armed blockade
71:08 told his people that the armed blockade is the most dangerous Adventure since
71:09 is the most dangerous Adventure since World War II he called President Kennedy
71:12 World War II he called President Kennedy a pirate and said a life and death
71:14 a pirate and said a life and death struggle is underway between an Empire
71:16 struggle is underway between an Empire and the revolution of a small and weak
71:18 and the revolution of a small and weak people the Cuban militia was mobilized
71:20 people the Cuban militia was mobilized and the country was put on a war footing
71:23 and the country was put on a war footing Russia alerted its military forces and
71:25 Russia alerted its military forces and warned that the United States is playing
71:27 warned that the United States is playing with fire at a special session of the
71:29 with fire at a special session of the United Nations security Council the
71:31 United Nations security Council the United States Cuba and Russia offered
71:33 United States Cuba and Russia offered separate resolutions and traded bitter
71:35 separate resolutions and traded bitter charges do you Ambassador Zoran deny
71:39 charges do you Ambassador Zoran deny that the USSR has placed and is placing
71:42 that the USSR has placed and is placing medium and intermediate range missiles
71:45 medium and intermediate range missiles and sites in Cuba yes or no don't wait
71:48 and sites in Cuba yes or no don't wait for the translation yes or
71:55 no I am not in an American American courtroom sir and therefore I do not
71:57 courtroom sir and therefore I do not wish to answer a question that is put to
72:01 wish to answer a question that is put to me in the fashion in which a prosecutor
72:03 me in the fashion in which a prosecutor does Ino you will have your reply I'm
72:06 does Ino you will have your reply I'm prepared to wait for my answer until
72:08 prepared to wait for my answer until hell freeze is over if that's your
72:09 hell freeze is over if that's your decision you know each side didn't know
72:12 decision you know each side didn't know what the other side was doing and there
72:14 what the other side was doing and there was a lot of room for
72:16 was a lot of room for miscalculation we believe there are
72:18 miscalculation we believe there are about 25 Soviet ship moving toward Cuba
72:22 about 25 Soviet ship moving toward Cuba if the vessel does not stop refuses to
72:25 if the vessel does not stop refuses to heed the
72:31 instructions force will be applied to assure that it does stop Nita TR says
72:36 assure that it does stop Nita TR says Soviet ships will never submit to the
72:38 Soviet ships will never submit to the United States blockade the next few days
72:42 United States blockade the next few days are critical who is going to Blink first
72:59 [Music] hey dispatch just in a lake development
73:01 hey dispatch just in a lake development 25 Soviet ship steam to Cuba if the
73:04 25 Soviet ship steam to Cuba if the ship's captains do not stop force will
73:06 ship's captains do not stop force will be used to stop them it was all a truly
73:10 be used to stop them it was all a truly historic drama taking place every moment
73:14 historic drama taking place every moment of every day we are now in the most
73:16 of every day we are now in the most dangerous situation since the end of
73:18 dangerous situation since the end of World War I the next 48 hours will be
73:22 World War I the next 48 hours will be decisive right up to the last minute the
73:25 decisive right up to the last minute the first ship looked like it was going
73:26 first ship looked like it was going through the barrier and at that point
73:29 through the barrier and at that point Kennedy would have had to do something
73:31 Kennedy would have had to do something more what it
73:33 more what it was uh wasn't even clear to him the
73:36 was uh wasn't even clear to him the White House was on the point of being
73:38 White House was on the point of being evacuated they thought that this was the
73:41 evacuated they thought that this was the early stages of uh World War
73:44 early stages of uh World War II you can listen to the tapes of the
73:47 II you can listen to the tapes of the Missile Crisis and on the last day when
73:50 Missile Crisis and on the last day when we seem so close to war you can hear the
73:53 we seem so close to war you can hear the voices becoming a little bit more ragged
73:55 voices becoming a little bit more ragged and a little bit more
74:01 urgent what my main point is I don't think at this particular point we should
74:03 think at this particular point we should show a weakness to Cru chef and I think
74:06 show a weakness to Cru chef and I think we would show a weakness if we if we can
74:08 we would show a weakness if we if we can can't send a low altitude aircraft
74:11 can't send a low altitude aircraft President Kennedy is the calm voice well
74:14 President Kennedy is the calm voice well let's be prepared for either one
74:16 let's be prepared for either one tomorrow let's wait see if they fire
74:18 tomorrow let's wait see if they fire meanwhile I'm not convinced yet of the
74:20 meanwhile I'm not convinced yet of the invad
74:27 here and at the last minute the Soviet ships turned
74:28 ships turned around kof has changed his
74:33 around kof has changed his position there was an announcement for
74:36 position there was an announcement for Moscow that they would withdraw the
74:39 Moscow that they would withdraw the missiles and I said the other guy just
74:47 blinked this is the day we have every reason to believe when the world came
74:50 reason to believe when the world came out from under the most terrible threat
74:51 out from under the most terrible threat of nuclear Holocaust since the end of
74:53 of nuclear Holocaust since the end of World War II
74:56 World War II the message to President Kennedy was
74:58 the message to President Kennedy was long and rambling but for the first time
75:01 long and rambling but for the first time Mr kov acknowledged the presence in Cuba
75:04 Mr kov acknowledged the presence in Cuba of Soviet missiles he argued they were
75:06 of Soviet missiles he argued they were defensive in nature but he said he
75:08 defensive in nature but he said he understood the president's feeling about
75:10 understood the president's feeling about them he said he would withdraw the
75:12 them he said he would withdraw the missiles if President Kennedy would
75:13 missiles if President Kennedy would promise not to invade Cuba the following
75:17 promise not to invade Cuba the following is the text of President Kennedy's
75:20 is the text of President Kennedy's statement of noon I welcome chairman
75:23 statement of noon I welcome chairman kav's statesmanlike
75:26 kav's statesmanlike decision to stop building bases in Cuba
75:29 decision to stop building bases in Cuba this is an
75:31 this is an important and
75:32 important and constructive contribution to
75:36 constructive contribution to peace there was an incredible sigh of
75:40 peace there was an incredible sigh of relief uh in the country and in the
75:44 relief uh in the country and in the world with the Tranquil courage of the
75:47 world with the Tranquil courage of the great leaders of democracy John
75:50 great leaders of democracy John Fitzgerald Kennedy said to the Communist
75:53 Fitzgerald Kennedy said to the Communist World enough
75:56 World enough there have been some back and forth
75:58 there have been some back and forth between Kennedy and kushev we'll make
76:00 between Kennedy and kushev we'll make our promise not to invade Cuba and
76:03 our promise not to invade Cuba and within a matter of months the United
76:04 within a matter of months the United States will take this missiles out of
76:06 States will take this missiles out of turkey and in return for that kusov
76:10 turkey and in return for that kusov publicly and verifiably removed Soviet
76:14 publicly and verifiably removed Soviet missiles from
76:15 missiles from Cuba the conditions of the Cold War have
76:18 Cuba the conditions of the Cold War have been altered in spirit if not in fact by
76:20 been altered in spirit if not in fact by what happened in Cuba as a result of
76:22 what happened in Cuba as a result of American determination in the crisis
76:25 American determination in the crisis morale has been raised throughout the
76:26 morale has been raised throughout the non-communist world perhaps this is the
76:29 non-communist world perhaps this is the beginning of more understanding between
76:31 beginning of more understanding between our
76:33 our people both sides realize we need to
76:36 people both sides realize we need to stand back from this and we need to
76:38 stand back from this and we need to create a framework that's less dangerous
76:40 create a framework that's less dangerous I have chosen this time and place to
76:43 I have chosen this time and place to discuss a topic on which ignorance too
76:45 discuss a topic on which ignorance too often
76:47 often abounds and the truth too rarely
76:50 abounds and the truth too rarely perceived and that is the most important
76:52 perceived and that is the most important topic on Earth peace
76:55 topic on Earth peace the following June Kennedy gives the
76:57 the following June Kennedy gives the famous peace speech at American
76:59 famous peace speech at American University in which he talks about
77:01 University in which he talks about changing our attitudes toward the Soviet
77:03 changing our attitudes toward the Soviet Union for in the final analysis our most
77:07 Union for in the final analysis our most basic common link is that we all inhabit
77:11 basic common link is that we all inhabit this small planet we all breathe the
77:14 this small planet we all breathe the same air we all cherish our children's
77:17 same air we all cherish our children's Futures and we are all
77:21 Futures and we are all Mortal Kennedy and his people waited for
77:25 Mortal Kennedy and his people waited for any reaction from Moscow at
77:28 any reaction from Moscow at all and then they got the teletype
77:31 all and then they got the teletype saying that for the first and only time
77:34 saying that for the first and only time a speech of an American president
77:36 a speech of an American president covered a complete page of prda the
77:39 covered a complete page of prda the party newspaper kushev decided to change
77:42 party newspaper kushev decided to change his world policy the strategy of
77:45 his world policy the strategy of creating tension all around the American
77:47 creating tension all around the American Empire was dropped and he said to his
77:50 Empire was dropped and he said to his colleagues in the presidium you know
77:51 colleagues in the presidium you know what let's give him the test B treaty
77:59 the United States the Soviet Union and Great Britain promised to end all
78:01 Great Britain promised to end all nuclear test explosions in the
78:03 nuclear test explosions in the atmosphere outer space and
78:08 atmosphere outer space and underwater was big deal in Soviet Union
78:10 underwater was big deal in Soviet Union the same as United States and kof was
78:14 the same as United States and kof was very proud that they stopped testing and
78:17 very proud that they stopped testing and poisoning atmosphere man's long hopeful
78:20 poisoning atmosphere man's long hopeful Quest for Peace will cease to be only a
78:23 Quest for Peace will cease to be only a dream and will begin to acquire solid
78:33 reties the nuclear Test Ban Treaty it's one of the truly great achievements of
78:35 one of the truly great achievements of the uh Kennedy presidency we shall not
78:38 the uh Kennedy presidency we shall not regret that we have made this clear and
78:41 regret that we have made this clear and honorable National commitment to the
78:44 honorable National commitment to the cause of man's survival for under this
78:47 cause of man's survival for under this treaty we can and must still keep our
78:50 treaty we can and must still keep our vigil in defense of freedom
78:53 vigil in defense of freedom [Music]
78:56 [Music] the people of this country are elated by
78:58 the people of this country are elated by the feeling that the United States
78:59 the feeling that the United States finally has taken the initiative in our
79:01 finally has taken the initiative in our conflict with Communism but all along
79:03 conflict with Communism but all along the borders of Communism we and our
79:05 the borders of Communism we and our enemies have unfinished
79:12 business Mr President the headline and the story of the New York Times
79:13 the story of the New York Times yesterday morning has said that
79:15 yesterday morning has said that Administration will try diplomacy in
79:17 Administration will try diplomacy in Vietnam which I'd assume we've been
79:19 Vietnam which I'd assume we've been trying all along uh what can we do in
79:22 trying all along uh what can we do in this situation which uh seems to
79:24 this situation which uh seems to parallel
79:25 parallel other uh famous debacles of dealing with
79:29 other uh famous debacles of dealing with unpopular governments in the
79:31 unpopular governments in the past well in the first place we ought to
79:33 past well in the first place we ought to realize that Vietnam has been at War for
79:35 realize that Vietnam has been at War for 25 years Kennedy had treated Vietnam as
79:39 25 years Kennedy had treated Vietnam as a second tier issue until
79:43 a second tier issue until 1963 he was dealing with Berlin he was
79:46 1963 he was dealing with Berlin he was dealing with Cuba he had his domestic
79:48 dealing with Cuba he had his domestic challenges he had sent troops to train
79:51 challenges he had sent troops to train the South Vietnamese Army but he wasn't
79:53 the South Vietnamese Army but he wasn't happy about it the final analysis it's
79:55 happy about it the final analysis it's their War they're the ones who have to
79:57 their War they're the ones who have to win it or lose it we can help them give
80:00 win it or lose it we can help them give them equipment we can send our men out
80:02 them equipment we can send our men out there as advisers but they have to win
80:04 there as advisers but they have to win at the people of Vietnam against the
80:06 at the people of Vietnam against the Communist Kennedy felt that uh the
80:09 Communist Kennedy felt that uh the United States had to draw a line against
80:11 United States had to draw a line against communist expansion but the Soviets
80:13 communist expansion but the Soviets supported the North Vietnam regime we
80:16 supported the North Vietnam regime we supported the
80:22 South it's what becomes known as the Domino Theory if South Vietnam Falls
80:26 Domino Theory if South Vietnam Falls than all the rest of Southeast Asia Leos
80:30 than all the rest of Southeast Asia Leos Cambodia the Philippines they might be
80:33 Cambodia the Philippines they might be defeated as I believe I reported upon my
80:37 defeated as I believe I reported upon my return from previous visits uh I've been
80:39 return from previous visits uh I've been very much encouraged by the progress
80:41 very much encouraged by the progress which the South Vietnamese forces have
80:42 which the South Vietnamese forces have been making and by the assistance which
80:45 been making and by the assistance which our forces have rendered to them when
80:48 our forces have rendered to them when Vietnam started up they believe that
80:51 Vietnam started up they believe that they had so expertly micromanaged the
80:54 they had so expertly micromanaged the Cuban Missile crisis that they could do
80:55 Cuban Missile crisis that they could do the same in the Southeast Asian Nation
80:58 the same in the Southeast Asian Nation 10,000 Mi
81:01 10,000 Mi away the North Vietnamese were very
81:04 away the North Vietnamese were very different from the Soviets and christov
81:07 different from the Soviets and christov and the attempt to resolve the
81:10 and the attempt to resolve the Vietnamese crisis through controlled
81:12 Vietnamese crisis through controlled escalation simply didn't work the
81:15 escalation simply didn't work the government of South Vietnam has been
81:17 government of South Vietnam has been overthrown by a military group if we are
81:20 overthrown by a military group if we are at all involved I hope we don't have
81:22 at all involved I hope we don't have another Bay of Pigs on our hands are we
81:24 another Bay of Pigs on our hands are we winning the war in South Vietnam winning
81:27 winning the war in South Vietnam winning no we're losing
81:34 now Kennedy says to one of his principal AIDs that after he's reelected in 64
81:38 AIDs that after he's reelected in 64 then he can talk about getting out of
81:40 then he can talk about getting out of Vietnam it's difficult to believe that
81:44 Vietnam it's difficult to believe that the story of the United States in
81:46 the story of the United States in Vietnam would have followed the same
81:49 Vietnam would have followed the same course had John F Kennedy not gone to
81:51 course had John F Kennedy not gone to Dallas in 1963
82:03 do we know what Kennedy would have done if he had
82:05 if he had lived there's all sorts of evidence to
82:08 lived there's all sorts of evidence to suggest that he never would have done
82:10 suggest that he never would have done what Lyon Johnson did in Vietnam this
82:13 what Lyon Johnson did in Vietnam this nation will keep its commitments from
82:16 nation will keep its commitments from South Vietnam to West
82:18 South Vietnam to West [Music]
82:20 [Music] Berlin though LBJ had experienced the
82:22 Berlin though LBJ had experienced the same crisis by setting sitting next to
82:24 same crisis by setting sitting next to Kennedy he had not come out with the
82:27 Kennedy he had not come out with the same conclusions he did not share
82:29 same conclusions he did not share Kennedy's suspicion of the United States
82:31 Kennedy's suspicion of the United States military or of military advice once
82:33 military or of military advice once Kennedy was gone it was inevitable that
82:36 Kennedy was gone it was inevitable that US forign policy would change you lost a
82:38 US forign policy would change you lost a president who was skeptical of military
82:40 president who was skeptical of military advice and gained one who usually took
82:43 advice and gained one who usually took [Music]
82:46 [Music] it the official Russian announcement
82:49 it the official Russian announcement said he resigned the crowds that once
82:51 said he resigned the crowds that once cheered kch wildly were left in the dark
82:54 cheered kch wildly were left in the dark as just what went on when the Central
82:56 as just what went on when the Central Committee met to name Leon brf as the
82:58 Committee met to name Leon brf as the new leader of the party my father was
83:02 new leader of the party my father was shocked his successor just turn the
83:06 shocked his successor just turn the opposite direction and then reverse all
83:08 opposite direction and then reverse all his policies he was very
83:12 his policies he was very upset he had begun a new age with the
83:15 upset he had begun a new age with the Soviet Union a thawing of the Cold War
83:18 Soviet Union a thawing of the Cold War not complete but the beginning of
83:20 not complete but the beginning of something but things changed
83:27 the Cuban Miss crisis showed that neither side could gain a military
83:29 neither side could gain a military victory over the other side so therefore
83:32 victory over the other side so therefore the competition had to take a different
83:33 the competition had to take a different form it was beginning of the very rapid
83:37 form it was beginning of the very rapid changes in the relations between two
83:40 changes in the relations between two countries Next Period in our history
83:43 countries Next Period in our history will compete in the
83:46 will compete in the economy in the end we couldn't defeat
83:49 economy in the end we couldn't defeat the Soviet Union
83:50 the Soviet Union militarily but we could demonstrate that
83:54 militarily but we could demonstrate that we had a much better attractive Society
83:57 we had a much better attractive Society the United States of America wants to
83:59 the United States of America wants to see the Cold War end we want sanity and
84:03 see the Cold War end we want sanity and security and peace for all and above all
84:08 security and peace for all and above all President Kennedy I'm sure would regard
84:11 President Kennedy I'm sure would regard as his best Memorial the fact that in
84:13 as his best Memorial the fact that in his three years as president the world
84:17 his three years as president the world became a little
84:19 became a little safer and the way ahead became a little
84:23 safer and the way ahead became a little brighter
85:14 Here Comes Air Force number one the president's plane now touching
85:18 president's plane now touching down there's Mrs Kennedy and the crowd
85:21 down there's Mrs Kennedy and the crowd Ys and the president of the United
85:23 Ys and the president of the United States
85:25 States and I can see his son's hand all the way
85:27 and I can see his son's hand all the way from here looking at how
85:29 from here looking at how things actually went it wasn't just a
85:32 things actually went it wasn't just a trip to Dallas it was a political trip
85:35 trip to Dallas it was a political trip preparing for the 1964 elections shaking
85:38 preparing for the 1964 elections shaking hands now with the Dallas people
85:40 hands now with the Dallas people Governor Mrs connley governor connley on
85:43 Governor Mrs connley governor connley on your
85:44 your left it was whether Kennedy could use
85:47 left it was whether Kennedy could use his Charisma and his influence to get
85:49 his Charisma and his influence to get all the squabbling Democrats in Texas to
85:52 all the squabbling Democrats in Texas to come together before the election the
85:54 come together before the election the next year and here comes the president
85:56 next year and here comes the president now in fact he's not in his limousine
85:58 now in fact he's not in his limousine he's Departed the limousine and he is
86:00 he's Departed the limousine and he is Reaching Across the fence shaking
86:02 Reaching Across the fence shaking hands in those days everybody could get
86:05 hands in those days everybody could get a lot closer to the president I was
86:07 a lot closer to the president I was standing behind Mrs Kennedy and I saw a
86:09 standing behind Mrs Kennedy and I saw a hand reach through the chainlink fence
86:11 hand reach through the chainlink fence and break off one of the red roses
86:14 and break off one of the red roses thousands of children now swarming
86:15 thousands of children now swarming trying to get over the fence the Dallas
86:17 trying to get over the fence the Dallas police trying to keep them back this is
86:20 police trying to keep them back this is great for the people and uh makes the
86:22 great for the people and uh makes the eggshells even thinner for the service
86:24 eggshells even thinner for the service whose job it is to guard the man the
86:27 whose job it is to guard the man the trip had gone terrifically well in Texas
86:30 trip had gone terrifically well in Texas pretty hard to write a script for it
86:31 pretty hard to write a script for it going any
86:34 going any better thousands will be on hand for
86:36 better thousands will be on hand for that motor cave now which will be
86:37 that motor cave now which will be downtown Dallas a number of my
86:40 downtown Dallas a number of my classmates were gone they were at the
86:42 classmates were gone they were at the parade my father had been invited to
86:46 parade my father had been invited to have lunch with Kennedy at the Trade
86:48 have lunch with Kennedy at the Trade Center there was a a mood a climate of
86:52 Center there was a a mood a climate of excitement
86:54 excitement the speech of President Kennedy at the
86:56 the speech of President Kennedy at the Dallas trademark will be broadcast by
86:58 Dallas trademark will be broadcast by 570 radio stay tuned for the president's
87:00 570 radio stay tuned for the president's Dallas speech at the trademark on 570
87:04 Dallas speech at the trademark on 570 [Music]
87:11 [Music] radio at Night Big Boss
87:24 me yeah Big Boss Man [Music]
87:25 [Music] won't you help me when I
87:33 call well you [Music]
87:34 [Music] Ain just talling us
87:37 Ain just talling us all this bu just into the Kil news
87:40 all this bu just into the Kil news terminal line Dallas three shots were
87:42 terminal line Dallas three shots were fired at the motor Cate of President
87:44 fired at the motor Cate of President Kennedy's day in Downtown Dallas Police
87:46 Kennedy's day in Downtown Dallas Police radios are carrying that the president
87:48 radios are carrying that the president has been hit hospital has been advised
87:51 has been hit hospital has been advised to stand by for a severe gunshot wound
87:54 to stand by for a severe gunshot wound this is water gr guide in our Newsroom
87:57 this is water gr guide in our Newsroom in there has been an attempt on the life
88:00 in there has been an attempt on the life of President
88:19 Kennedy uh let's turn the mic on I can't hear you Johnny what do you want you
88:20 hear you Johnny what do you want you want me to move back a little bit is it
88:22 want me to move back a little bit is it all right now
88:24 all right now is this all
88:26 is this all right ladies and gentlemen I'd like to
88:28 right ladies and gentlemen I'd like to introduce to you the chief cameraman and
88:30 introduce to you the chief cameraman and assistant news director of WFA
88:31 assistant news director of WFA television this is Bert ship Bert we
88:34 television this is Bert ship Bert we have brought the people pretty much up
88:35 have brought the people pretty much up to date uh would you tell them exactly
88:38 to date uh would you tell them exactly what you know as of this point well Jay
88:40 what you know as of this point well Jay I was standing at the uh trademark
88:42 I was standing at the uh trademark waiting his arrival there all of a
88:44 waiting his arrival there all of a sudden the uh we saw them approaching
88:47 sudden the uh we saw them approaching they didn't slow down a matter of fact
88:48 they didn't slow down a matter of fact they were going 70 80 M hour past us and
88:52 they were going 70 80 M hour past us and then I jumped in the police car and went
88:53 then I jumped in the police car and went to
88:58 Parkland these two men come running in one of them had a large appeared to be a
89:00 one of them had a large appeared to be a machine gun and they was hollering our
89:02 machine gun and they was hollering our stretchers and Cs and everything and
89:04 stretchers and Cs and everything and Governor they brought him in first what
89:06 Governor they brought him in first what happened after this well then the
89:08 happened after this well then the president come in and meet behind him
89:10 president come in and meet behind him and uh and they took them all the way
89:12 and uh and they took them all the way both of them back to the
89:14 both of them back to the room Albert Thomas Democrat of Texas
89:18 room Albert Thomas Democrat of Texas standing outside the carer of the
89:20 standing outside the carer of the emergency room said he's been told the
89:22 emergency room said he's been told the president was still alive but in very
89:25 president was still alive but in very critical
89:26 critical [Music]
89:27 [Music] condition the president has not arrived
89:30 condition the president has not arrived here a group of secret servic men and
89:32 here a group of secret servic men and other officials is gathered where the
89:34 other officials is gathered where the president normally would enter And
89:36 president normally would enter And discussing heatedly with one another
89:38 discussing heatedly with one another some subject or other of course we have
89:40 some subject or other of course we have no idea of what now here's an
89:41 no idea of what now here's an announcement from the platform Mr Eric
89:44 announcement from the platform Mr Eric Johnson uh with an announcement it is
89:49 Johnson uh with an announcement it is true our president governor Conley
89:58 have been sh we should tell you as much as we know
90:02 sh we should tell you as much as we know as soon as we know
90:03 as soon as we know anying
90:06 anying [Music]
90:17 thank a gentleman just walked in our studio that I am meeting for the first
90:19 studio that I am meeting for the first time as well as you this is WF TV in
90:21 time as well as you this is WF TV in Dallas Texas may I have your name please
90:23 Dallas Texas may I have your name please sir my name is Abraham zuda Mr zuda zuda
90:27 sir my name is Abraham zuda Mr zuda zuda yes sir zuda and would you tell us your
90:29 yes sir zuda and would you tell us your story please
90:30 story please sir I got out and uh about a half hour
90:34 sir I got out and uh about a half hour earlier and get a good spot to shoot
90:36 earlier and get a good spot to shoot some pictures 5-year-old boy and myself
90:39 some pictures 5-year-old boy and myself were by ourselves on the grass there on
90:40 were by ourselves on the grass there on Palmer Street and I asked Joe to wave to
90:44 Palmer Street and I asked Joe to wave to him and Joe waved and I waved and
90:46 him and Joe waved and I waved and the man that's all right
90:49 the man that's all right [Music]
90:51 [Music] sir as he as he was waiting back
90:54 sir as he as he was waiting back he was he was the shot L out and he
90:56 he was he was the shot L out and he slumped down in the seat and then all of
90:58 slumped down in the seat and then all of a sudden this next one popped and
91:01 a sudden this next one popped and Governor connley grabbed his stomach and
91:03 Governor connley grabbed his stomach and kind of laid over to the side and then
91:05 kind of laid over to the side and then another one it was just all so fast and
91:08 another one it was just all so fast and President Kenny reached up and grabbed
91:10 President Kenny reached up and grabbed looked like he's grabbed his ear and
91:11 looked like he's grabbed his ear and blood just started gushing out you see
91:13 blood just started gushing out you see the person who fired the no not I didn't
91:15 the person who fired the no not I didn't see any person fire the weapon you only
91:18 see any person fire the weapon you only heard it I only heard it and I looked up
91:20 heard it I only heard it and I looked up and saw a man running up this
91:22 and saw a man running up this hill if it's a conspiracy not only the
91:25 hill if it's a conspiracy not only the president was hit the governor was hit
91:27 president was hit the governor was hit who knows if the next shot would have
91:29 who knows if the next shot would have been for Lyon Johnson Johnson's car
91:32 been for Lyon Johnson Johnson's car pulls into the emergency Bay at Parkland
91:34 pulls into the emergency Bay at Parkland Hospital four agents reach in and they
91:37 Hospital four agents reach in and they grab Johnson and pull him out and start
91:40 grab Johnson and pull him out and start to run him down one Corridor around
91:42 to run him down one Corridor around looking for a safe place Mr Johnson his
91:46 looking for a safe place Mr Johnson his whereabouts are being kept secret for
91:48 whereabouts are being kept secret for security reasons uh if anyone knows
91:51 security reasons uh if anyone knows where Mr Johnson is uh it is not us at
91:54 where Mr Johnson is uh it is not us at moment there was a signal moment in our
91:57 moment there was a signal moment in our cultural history suddenly it occurred to
91:59 cultural history suddenly it occurred to us the right thing to do is to turn on
92:02 us the right thing to do is to turn on television reports continue to come in
92:05 television reports continue to come in but in a confused and fragmentary
92:08 but in a confused and fragmentary fashion president has been given a blood
92:10 fashion president has been given a blood transfusion at Parkland Hospital here in
92:12 transfusion at Parkland Hospital here in Dallas in an effort to save his life it
92:15 Dallas in an effort to save his life it was odd because uh there were no
92:17 was odd because uh there were no commercials it was just a continuous
92:20 commercials it was just a continuous experience for two priests and have
92:22 experience for two priests and have entered the emergency room at Parkland
92:24 entered the emergency room at Parkland Hospital where he rests after the
92:27 Hospital where he rests after the assassination attempt which now was
92:29 assassination attempt which now was about a half hour
92:36 ago what are your feelings right now man I'm absolutely shocked stunned alive we
92:42 I'm absolutely shocked stunned alive we have the same birthday I'm just
92:45 have the same birthday I'm just crazy I me who would want to shoot the
92:47 crazy I me who would want to shoot the prisoner what did he do I mean he's been
92:49 prisoner what did he do I mean he's been doing so much for the country someone
92:50 doing so much for the country someone who goes ahead and shoots him a flash
92:53 who goes ahead and shoots him a flash from Dallas
92:54 from Dallas two priests who were with President
92:56 two priests who were with President Kennedy say he is dead of bullet wounds
93:01 Kennedy say he is dead of bullet wounds this is the latest information we have
93:03 this is the latest information we have from
93:04 from Dallas I will repeat with the greatest
93:07 Dallas I will repeat with the greatest regret two priests who were with
93:09 regret two priests who were with President Kennedy say he has died of
93:12 President Kennedy say he has died of bullet
93:19 wounds Malcolm Kilda the assistant press secretary was filling in for the regular
93:22 secretary was filling in for the regular press secretary and then he had to draw
93:25 press secretary and then he had to draw himself up to give the most fateful
93:28 himself up to give the most fateful announcement that a press secretary
93:30 announcement that a press secretary might have ever had to give all the
93:33 might have ever had to give all the cameras were rolling and I remember he
93:35 cameras were rolling and I remember he put his fingers like this on the desk
93:38 put his fingers like this on the desk and pressed very hard to stop his hands
93:41 and pressed very hard to stop his hands trembling do it
93:43 trembling do it again John F
93:45 again John F Kennedy died at approximately 1:00
93:49 Kennedy died at approximately 1:00 central standard
93:51 central standard time
93:52 time today here in
93:54 today here in Dallas he died of a gunshot wound in the
93:58 Dallas he died of a gunshot wound in the brain slow it
94:00 brain slow it [Music]
94:09 down I have no other details regarding the assassination of the
94:17 president the people standing here are stunned just as all of us are beyond
94:21 stunned just as all of us are beyond belief that the president of the United
94:24 belief that the president of the United States is
94:26 States is dead all over the world people are going
94:28 dead all over the world people are going to remember all their lives what they
94:32 to remember all their lives what they were doing when they first heard that
94:34 were doing when they first heard that President Kennedy had been
94:37 President Kennedy had been killed the crowds are standing around in
94:40 killed the crowds are standing around in silence and sorrow in the Rain the
94:44 silence and sorrow in the Rain the strange thing is you don't even notice
94:46 strange thing is you don't even notice it's raining and if you do notice you
94:48 it's raining and if you do notice you don't
94:49 don't care I just can't believe it I just I
94:53 care I just can't believe it I just I feel that um someone in my own family
94:55 feel that um someone in my own family that they Dad I just can't believe it
94:58 that they Dad I just can't believe it ma'am I can't
95:00 ma'am I can't say like a days you don't know what's
95:03 say like a days you don't know what's going on why why did it happen who would
95:07 going on why why did it happen who would have done such a thing is he
95:13 questioned in the first minutes and hours chaos and confusion was radiating
95:16 hours chaos and confusion was radiating out from the scene itself was very
95:19 out from the scene itself was very pervasive Secret Service agents thought
95:22 pervasive Secret Service agents thought the gun fires from an automatic weapon
95:24 the gun fires from an automatic weapon fired possibly from a grassy null I saw
95:27 fired possibly from a grassy null I saw some police run up this grassy slope I
95:30 some police run up this grassy slope I thought they're chasing a gunman I ran
95:32 thought they're chasing a gunman I ran with them the report is that they
95:34 with them the report is that they attempted assassins we now hear it was a
95:36 attempted assassins we now hear it was a man and a woman I got to the top looked
95:39 man and a woman I got to the top looked around a policeman went over the fence
95:42 around a policeman went over the fence so I went over the fence too there was
95:43 so I went over the fence too there was nothing there the television newsman
95:46 nothing there the television newsman said that he looked up just after the
95:48 said that he looked up just after the shot was fired and saw a rifle being
95:51 shot was fired and saw a rifle being withdrawn from A fifth or sixth floor
95:54 withdrawn from A fifth or sixth floor window it was originally thought that
95:55 window it was originally thought that the shots came from in here and now it's
95:58 the shots came from in here and now it's believed that the shots came from this
96:00 believed that the shots came from this building here the police officers
96:02 building here the police officers running back toward the Texas school
96:04 running back toward the Texas school depository building they are going to
96:05 depository building they are going to continue searching in that building for
96:08 continue searching in that building for the would be assess of the president the
96:11 the would be assess of the president the center of downtown Dallas is in a
96:12 center of downtown Dallas is in a virtual state of Siege they are combing
96:15 virtual state of Siege they are combing the floors at the Texas Book Depository
96:17 the floors at the Texas Book Depository building in an effort to find the
96:19 building in an effort to find the suspected
96:20 suspected assassin in the building on the sixth
96:23 assassin in the building on the sixth floor we found an area near a window
96:25 floor we found an area near a window that had partially been blocked off by
96:28 that had partially been blocked off by boxes of books and also the three spent
96:32 boxes of books and also the three spent shells that had apparently been fired
96:35 shells that had apparently been fired from
96:36 from a prime lab Lieutenant JC day just came
96:39 a prime lab Lieutenant JC day just came out of that building with a British 303
96:43 out of that building with a British 303 rifle it was a 7.65 moer a high-powered
96:46 rifle it was a 7.65 moer a high-powered army or Japanese rifle of 25 caliber a
96:50 army or Japanese rifle of 25 caliber a 3030 rifle much of the first things you
96:53 3030 rifle much of the first things you here are going to be wrong and to some
96:57 here are going to be wrong and to some degree you were constantly trying to
96:59 degree you were constantly trying to separate out what seemed to be a fact in
97:03 separate out what seemed to be a fact in Dallas a Dallas policeman just a short
97:06 Dallas a Dallas policeman just a short while ago was shot and killed while
97:08 while ago was shot and killed while chasing a suspect JD tippet a good
97:12 chasing a suspect JD tippet a good experienced police officer was shot
97:14 experienced police officer was shot three times in the chest in the Oak
97:17 three times in the chest in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas then the manager
97:20 Cliff section of Dallas then the manager of a shoe store saw the suspect walking
97:23 of a shoe store saw the suspect walking into the Texas theater someone has been
97:27 into the Texas theater someone has been arrested in one of the downtown theaters
97:29 arrested in one of the downtown theaters uh they don't know if it was the man who
97:30 uh they don't know if it was the man who shot the policeman or the person who
97:33 shot the policeman or the person who actually shot President Kennedy police
97:36 actually shot President Kennedy police suddenly jumped this man and started to
97:37 suddenly jumped this man and started to drag him out of the theater hustled him
97:40 drag him out of the theater hustled him out to the car as the crowd broke and
97:42 out to the car as the crowd broke and started to Maul the police officers and
97:44 started to Maul the police officers and grab this man trying to run with him
97:46 grab this man trying to run with him they shouted murder and the officers
97:48 they shouted murder and the officers hustled him into the car and ran away
97:50 hustled him into the car and ran away just as fast as they could
97:56 as we mentioned a short while ago a number of arrests have been made in
97:58 number of arrests have been made in Dallas in the wake of President
97:59 Dallas in the wake of President Kennedy's death we have scenes of one of
98:02 Kennedy's death we have scenes of one of those arrests in the downtown area this
98:05 those arrests in the downtown area this was just after a Dallas policeman was
98:08 was just after a Dallas policeman was shot in the vicinity of a downtown movie
98:16 [Music] Housey approached him and as he
98:18 Housey approached him and as he approached him the man hit McDonald in
98:21 approached him the man hit McDonald in the face with his left hand reached the
98:22 the face with his left hand reached the pistol with his right hand
98:24 pistol with his right hand and as he reached for his pistol I
98:25 and as he reached for his pistol I grabbed him along with two or three
98:27 grabbed him along with two or three other officers what did he say to you
98:29 other officers what did he say to you after he was arrested he just said uh
98:31 after he was arrested he just said uh this is it it's all over with
98:33 this is it it's all over with [Music]
98:43 now this is a picture of him he probably does not look exactly
98:46 him he probably does not look exactly like this now after he's been
98:49 like this now after he's been questioned that's Lee Oswald the
98:52 questioned that's Lee Oswald the president the shot then a police officer
98:55 president the shot then a police officer is shot then someone named Lee Harvey
98:57 is shot then someone named Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested Oswald may be a
99:01 Oswald is arrested Oswald may be a suspect in the assassination who is he
99:04 suspect in the assassination who is he Lee Oswald of Dallas a former Marine who
99:06 Lee Oswald of Dallas a former Marine who spent some time in Russia who at one
99:08 spent some time in Russia who at one time had applied for Soviet
99:11 time had applied for Soviet citizenship description that we had of
99:14 citizenship description that we had of the suspect n Cliff was similar to the
99:19 the suspect n Cliff was similar to the description we had and the man we were
99:21 description we had and the man we were looking for as the Assassin but at that
99:24 looking for as the Assassin but at that time we had not been able to connect the
99:25 time we had not been able to connect the two in any way down there in this third
99:28 two in any way down there in this third floor Corridor a crowd of cameramen
99:31 floor Corridor a crowd of cameramen reporters wait for a possible appearance
99:34 reporters wait for a possible appearance of the man accused of killing President
99:36 of the man accused of killing President Kennedy and a Dallas police
99:38 Kennedy and a Dallas police officer now there will be a great deal
99:41 officer now there will be a great deal of confusion Mr Oswell is put through
99:44 of confusion Mr Oswell is put through the door I don't know if you saw
99:45 the door I don't know if you saw him Oswell lives at 1026 North
99:49 him Oswell lives at 1026 North Beckley he's an employee of a book
99:52 Beckley he's an employee of a book binding firm in the
99:53 binding firm in the building which the police and Secret
99:57 building which the police and Secret Service men believe the president was
99:58 Service men believe the president was shot
100:05 today Mrs Kennedy accompanied the body in an ambulance from the hospital to the
100:08 in an ambulance from the hospital to the airport where it will be flown back to
100:11 airport where it will be flown back to Washington they run everyone out of the
100:13 Washington they run everyone out of the emergency room of the hospital
100:14 emergency room of the hospital completely on the first floor there and
100:16 completely on the first floor there and uh they come out and told us that uh we
100:19 uh they come out and told us that uh we would have to help remove the remains
100:22 would have to help remove the remains into a casket
100:23 into a casket lynon Johnson had ordered that the body
100:26 lynon Johnson had ordered that the body be brought immediately to Air Force One
100:29 be brought immediately to Air Force One so there was a little tug of war they
100:32 so there was a little tug of war they almost shook the crucifix off of the top
100:35 almost shook the crucifix off of the top of the coffin as they were trying to get
100:39 of the coffin as they were trying to get that coffin out of the hospital took him
100:41 that coffin out of the hospital took him out and put him into the herse and uh
100:46 out and put him into the herse and uh one of the Secret Service men well about
100:48 one of the Secret Service men well about two or three of them got into the Hearst
100:50 two or three of them got into the Hearst and just drove off and uh left Mr O'Neal
100:53 and just drove off and uh left Mr O'Neal and first was just standing
100:59 there Vice President Johnson is expected to be sworn in as president to board an
101:01 to be sworn in as president to board an airliner before flying back to the
101:04 airliner before flying back to the nation's
101:05 nation's capital not everyone realized that
101:07 capital not everyone realized that Johnson was already the president
101:09 Johnson was already the president because he in fact had taken the oath in
101:11 because he in fact had taken the oath in January 61 the same oath the president
101:14 January 61 the same oath the president takes Johnson wanted to show the
101:17 takes Johnson wanted to show the American people that the government was
101:20 American people that the government was functioning without interruption and all
101:23 functioning without interruption and all so perhaps he wanted to show that his
101:27 so perhaps he wanted to show that his predecessors family bore him no ill will
101:30 predecessors family bore him no ill will for the
101:32 for the assassination Lyndon bains Johnson is
101:35 assassination Lyndon bains Johnson is flying back to Washington to take the
101:37 flying back to Washington to take the Reigns of government which time
101:40 Reigns of government which time President Johnson will have to take into
101:42 President Johnson will have to take into his hands the Reigns of the most
101:45 his hands the Reigns of the most powerful nation in the
101:47 powerful nation in the world we think November 22nd
101:52 world we think November 22nd 1963 as a date when a president was
101:55 1963 as a date when a president was killed but it was also a date when the
101:58 killed but it was also a date when the president was
102:06 created is there any doubt in your mind chief that Oswald is the man who killed
102:08 chief that Oswald is the man who killed the Pres I think this is the man that
102:09 the Pres I think this is the man that killed the president yes is there any
102:11 killed the president yes is there any evidence that anyone else may have been
102:13 evidence that anyone else may have been linked with Oswald to this shooting at
102:15 linked with Oswald to this shooting at this time we don't believe
102:22 so I uh I don't know what this is all about
102:30 black I work in that building you the naturally if I work in that building yes
102:32 naturally if I work in that building yes sir back up man pres no they're taking
102:36 sir back up man pres no they're taking me in because of the fact that I lived
102:37 me in because of the fact that I lived in
102:38 in the I'm just
102:49 a this is room 317 Homicide Bureau here at the Dallas Police Station as you see
102:53 at the Dallas Police Station as you see they are bringing the weapon that
102:55 they are bringing the weapon that allegedly used in the assassination of
102:57 allegedly used in the assassination of President John F Kennedy this afternoon
102:59 President John F Kennedy this afternoon at 12:30 here in
103:01 at 12:30 here in Dallas 6.5 apparently made in Italy in
103:10 1940 police have traced a rifle purchased in Chicago by mail order two o
103:13 purchased in Chicago by mail order two o he brought it under the Alias of a hidle
103:16 he brought it under the Alias of a hidle handwriting experts have established
103:18 handwriting experts have established that the hand Lighting on the purchase
103:20 that the hand Lighting on the purchase order was in fact made by oswal at the
103:23 order was in fact made by oswal at the price of
103:25 price of $12.78 the life of the president of the
103:28 $12.78 the life of the president of the United States apparently was Bor in the
103:31 United States apparently was Bor in the wake of the Kennedy assassination the
103:33 wake of the Kennedy assassination the Dallas police on the one hand they they
103:34 Dallas police on the one hand they they were committing all of the resources to
103:36 were committing all of the resources to trying to solve the crime but you're
103:38 trying to solve the crime but you're moving in the doorway when you get them
103:40 moving in the doorway when you get them in the doorway the other hand they were
103:43 in the doorway the other hand they were ill equipped to handle this
103:45 ill equipped to handle this tsunami of reporters
103:57 well I was uh questioned by a judge however I uh protested at that time that
103:59 however I uh protested at that time that I was not allowed
104:02 I was not allowed legal in bringing Oswald out they were
104:05 legal in bringing Oswald out they were of course doing something that you would
104:06 of course doing something that you would never see happen today but they were
104:09 never see happen today but they were trying to cooperate with the Press with
104:11 trying to cooperate with the Press with the understanding that there would not
104:13 the understanding that there would not be questions shouted at him did you kill
104:16 be questions shouted at him did you kill the president no I have not been charged
104:18 the president no I have not been charged with that in fact nobody has said that
104:20 with that in fact nobody has said that to me yet the first thing I heard about
104:22 to me yet the first thing I heard about it was when the newspaper reporters in
104:24 it was when the newspaper reporters in the hall uh asked me that question you
104:28 the hall uh asked me that question you have been nobody said what sir you
104:49 me at 135 this morning a complaint was read it charged that quote Lee Harvey
104:52 read it charged that quote Lee Harvey Oswald did voluntarily and with malice
104:55 Oswald did voluntarily and with malice of forethought killed John F Kennedy by
104:58 of forethought killed John F Kennedy by shooting him with a gun end quote
105:01 shooting him with a gun end quote following the reading of the complaint
105:03 following the reading of the complaint Oswald said that's
105:11 ridiculous within hours of the assassination it was very obvious to
105:13 assassination it was very obvious to virtually everyone in Dallas law
105:15 virtually everyone in Dallas law enforcement that Oswald had killed
105:18 enforcement that Oswald had killed Kennedy Chief can you tell us in summary
105:20 Kennedy Chief can you tell us in summary what directly links Oswald to the
105:23 what directly links Oswald to the killing of the
105:24 killing of the president well the fact that he was on
105:26 president well the fact that he was on the floor where the shots were fired
105:27 the floor where the shots were fired from immediately before the shots were
105:29 from immediately before the shots were fired the fact that he was seen carrying
105:31 fired the fact that he was seen carrying a package to the building fact that uh
105:35 a package to the building fact that uh when were carrying that package toay
105:37 when were carrying that package toay yesterday morning after the shooting in
105:39 yesterday morning after the shooting in D Plaza Oswalt was the only employee at
105:42 D Plaza Oswalt was the only employee at The Book Depository that fled the
105:44 The Book Depository that fled the building 45 minutes later he shoots and
105:47 building 45 minutes later he shoots and kills officer JD tippet half hour later
105:50 kills officer JD tippet half hour later at the Texas theater he resisted arrest
105:52 at the Texas theater he resisted arrest by pulling his gun on the arresting
105:55 by pulling his gun on the arresting officer just open during 12 hours of
105:59 officer just open during 12 hours of interrogation by the Dallas Police
106:00 interrogation by the Dallas Police Department over the weekend he told one
106:03 Department over the weekend he told one provable lie after another did you buy
106:06 provable lie after another did you buy that rifle dispatches you people have
106:08 that rifle dispatches you people have been given but I emphatically deny these
106:11 been given but I emphatically deny these charges within a day or so thereafter
106:14 charges within a day or so thereafter when they discovered what a complete nut
106:16 when they discovered what a complete nut this sky was they were satisfied beyond
106:20 this sky was they were satisfied beyond all reasonable doubt that Oswald
106:23 all reasonable doubt that Oswald had acted alone there's only one thing
106:25 had acted alone there's only one thing that I can tell you without going into
106:27 that I can tell you without going into the evidence that this case is cinched
106:30 the evidence that this case is cinched that this man killed the
106:32 that this man killed the president and there there's no question
106:35 president and there there's no question in in my mind about it we plan to
106:37 in in my mind about it we plan to transfer this man not tonight you men
106:40 transfer this man not tonight you men will be here by no later than 10:00 in
106:44 will be here by no later than 10:00 in the morning while it will that will be
106:46 the morning while it will that will be early enough Chief do you have any
106:48 early enough Chief do you have any concern for the safety of your prisoner
106:50 concern for the safety of your prisoner in view of the high feeling among the
106:51 in view of the high feeling among the people of Dallas over the assassination
106:53 people of Dallas over the assassination of the president no but the cautions
106:56 of the president no but the cautions will be taken of course but I'm not uh I
106:59 will be taken of course but I'm not uh I don't think that the people will try to
107:01 don't think that the people will try to take the prisoner away from
107:22 us all right let's do Lee oswal is to be taken soon
107:23 taken soon to the county jail that's true and you
107:26 to the county jail that's true and you are going to take him there house sir we
107:29 are going to take him there house sir we are going to use an armored motor
107:31 are going to use an armored motor vehicle to take him Dallas Police meant
107:35 vehicle to take him Dallas Police meant to transfer Lee into the regular prison
107:39 to transfer Lee into the regular prison during the night to avoid the
107:43 during the night to avoid the press and then someone must have
107:45 press and then someone must have overruled them so that Lee could be
107:49 overruled them so that Lee could be photographed by the Press during the
107:51 photographed by the Press during the transfer
107:53 transfer we're standing by awaiting the transfer
107:55 we're standing by awaiting the transfer of Oswald from City Jail to county jail
107:58 of Oswald from City Jail to county jail and uh for that report here is ABC's
108:01 and uh for that report here is ABC's Bill Lord at the city jail Bill what's
108:03 Bill Lord at the city jail Bill what's the situation well I am presently in the
108:05 the situation well I am presently in the basement of the Dallas municipal
108:07 basement of the Dallas municipal building and it is like an armed Camp
108:10 building and it is like an armed Camp police officials are frankly worried
108:13 police officials are frankly worried they don't want anything to happen to
108:17 they don't want anything to happen to Oswald it is through this Carter of
108:19 Oswald it is through this Carter of newsmen photographers and policemen that
108:22 newsmen photographers and policemen that Oswald will be brought to a vehicle for
108:25 Oswald will be brought to a vehicle for transfer to the Dallas County Jail a
108:27 transfer to the Dallas County Jail a distance of about 15 blocks which
108:31 distance of about 15 blocks which ironically is just across from the scene
108:33 ironically is just across from the scene where President Kennedy was assassinated
108:35 where President Kennedy was assassinated on
108:36 on Friday anticipation is built up here in
108:40 Friday anticipation is built up here in downtown D Dallas in front of the county
108:42 downtown D Dallas in front of the county jail they are waiting for a glimpse of
108:44 jail they are waiting for a glimpse of Lee
108:46 Lee Oswald there he is he is here he come
108:49 Oswald there he is he is here he come another prisoner wearing
109:02 it being let out by Captain Fritz there is
109:05 Fritz there is a there is
109:13 Le he's been shot he's been shot Le Oswald has been shot there's a man with
109:15 Oswald has been shot there's a man with a gun absolute Panic absolute Panic here
109:19 a gun absolute Panic absolute Panic here in the basement of Dallas Police
109:21 in the basement of Dallas Police Headquarters Detective have their guns
109:23 Headquarters Detective have their guns drawn there is no question about it
109:26 drawn there is no question about it oswal has been shot at Point flank range
109:28 oswal has been shot at Point flank range fired into his
109:30 fired into his stomach he is he is shot
109:35 stomach he is he is shot is that shot the man or do you know that
109:38 is that shot the man or do you know that is the man that sh to
109:39 is the man that sh to man immediately after the shooting our
109:43 man immediately after the shooting our only witnesses that we could talk to
109:45 only witnesses that we could talk to were other
109:46 were other reporters where did he go here when he
109:49 reporters where did he go here when he was here he just sh there just put the
109:51 was here he just sh there just put the gun there I saw the flash on the
109:52 gun there I saw the flash on the blackelly oh yeah right and
109:56 blackelly oh yeah right and they I saw there wasn't a group of men
109:59 they I saw there wasn't a group of men right
110:00 right here is one of us or what I thought he
110:03 here is one of us or what I thought he was one of the detective you know he had
110:04 was one of the detective you know he had a hat the situation is now that Lee
110:08 a hat the situation is now that Lee haral Oswell has been shot The Man Who
110:11 haral Oswell has been shot The Man Who Saw the shot fired said it was fired by
110:14 Saw the shot fired said it was fired by a man wearing a black hat a brown coat a
110:18 a man wearing a black hat a brown coat a man that everyone down here thought was
110:21 man that everyone down here thought was a secret service agent
110:24 a secret service agent we can hear sirens outside and an
110:26 we can hear sirens outside and an ambulance apparently is moving down now
110:30 ambulance apparently is moving down now into the basement here comes the
110:38 ambulance and Oswald will be removed now the ambulance is being pulled up in
110:41 now the ambulance is being pulled up in front of us
110:43 front of us here Here Comes Oswald he's he is ashing
110:48 here Here Comes Oswald he's he is ashing and unconscious at this time now being
110:50 and unconscious at this time now being moved in he's not moving
110:52 moved in he's not moving he's in the ambulance now and attendant
110:56 he's in the ambulance now and attendant police are quickly climbing
110:59 police are quickly climbing in the ambulance is leaving Dallas
111:02 in the ambulance is leaving Dallas Police Headquarters where will he be
111:04 Police Headquarters where will he be taken I'm assuming Parkland Hospital
111:06 taken I'm assuming Parkland Hospital Parkland Hospital the irony of irony is
111:09 Parkland Hospital the irony of irony is the place where President John F Kennedy
111:12 the place where President John F Kennedy [Music]
111:21 died I believe the man don't take the microphone your head up let's start
111:23 microphone your head up let's start again what is your reaction to the
111:25 again what is your reaction to the shooting of Oswald well I think it's a
111:27 shooting of Oswald well I think it's a deplorable uh situation uh the man is
111:31 deplorable uh situation uh the man is entitled to a fair trial they should
111:33 entitled to a fair trial they should give him a fair trial C killing him just
111:35 give him a fair trial C killing him just like that ain't nothing cuz I ain't
111:37 like that ain't nothing cuz I ain't going to bring President Kennedy back to
111:38 going to bring President Kennedy back to life and after you get a child they
111:41 life and after you get a child they should let him out on the street and let
111:42 should let him out on the street and let the people kill him they should not only
111:45 the people kill him they should not only shoot him but cut him up in pieces put
111:48 shoot him but cut him up in pieces put him every 1 hour in a fire inste of up
111:53 him every 1 hour in a fire inste of up for one day and then the next day start
111:55 for one day and then the next day start again thank
112:01 you you got a man that I believe I didn't see it I think it's the man you
112:03 didn't see it I think it's the man you got you got him what's he look like I
112:06 got you got him what's he look like I can't give you description now he is he
112:08 can't give you description now he is he is he is known locally immediately after
112:11 is he is known locally immediately after the ambulance left somehow I begun to
112:13 the ambulance left somehow I begun to suspect that maybe the shooter was
112:16 suspect that maybe the shooter was someone who was known to the police do
112:19 someone who was known to the police do you know this subject do you know it
112:21 you know this subject do you know it have you seen him before
112:23 have you seen him before is he from Dallas
112:25 is he from Dallas yes I couldn't tell you do you know what
112:27 yes I couldn't tell you do you know what kind of business he happens to be in uh
112:30 kind of business he happens to be in uh Bob I wouldn't want to say right uh
112:33 Bob I wouldn't want to say right uh Dallas City Hall is normally a public
112:36 Dallas City Hall is normally a public building but today it was really under
112:39 building but today it was really under armed
112:41 armed guard Jack Jack Carousel
112:50 Carousel we uh is this a confirmed report as to who did the shooting far as
112:52 report as to who did the shooting far as I know I just got it from Vic Robertson
112:55 I know I just got it from Vic Robertson uh Vic Robertson from City Hall reports
112:58 uh Vic Robertson from City Hall reports that Jack Ruby the owner of the SL which
113:03 that Jack Ruby the owner of the SL which is a bar in Dallas did the
113:15 brief oswal expired at 10:7
113:19 oswal expired at 10:7 p.m. died he died
113:22 p.m. died he died at 10:7
113:25 at 10:7 p.m. we have arrested the man the man
113:28 p.m. we have arrested the man the man will will be charged with murder who is
113:31 will will be charged with murder who is he the man the suspect's name is Jack
113:34 he the man the suspect's name is Jack Rubenstein I
113:36 Rubenstein I believe he goes by the name of Jack
113:40 believe he goes by the name of Jack Ruby and here is Associated Press still
113:43 Ruby and here is Associated Press still picture of the moment the Split Second
113:47 picture of the moment the Split Second as the shot was fired this is the man
113:49 as the shot was fired this is the man Dallas Police have identified as Jack
113:52 Dallas Police have identified as Jack Ruben Stein and this of course is Lee
113:55 Ruben Stein and this of course is Lee Harvey Oswald you see the gun in the
113:58 Harvey Oswald you see the gun in the hand of of Ruby and just about to be
114:02 hand of of Ruby and just about to be fired I know my own feelings were and I
114:05 fired I know my own feelings were and I think they were widely shared by many if
114:08 think they were widely shared by many if not most Americans this can't be
114:11 not most Americans this can't be coincidental the Assassin is
114:13 coincidental the Assassin is assassinated in the police station what
114:17 assassinated in the police station what in the hell is going on just learned
114:19 in the hell is going on just learned from City Hall from a very authoritative
114:21 from City Hall from a very authoritative source that police are working on the
114:24 source that police are working on the assumption that there indeed is a
114:26 assumption that there indeed is a connection between Jack Ruby and Lee
114:29 connection between Jack Ruby and Lee Oswald and that in some manner of
114:32 Oswald and that in some manner of speaking Oswald's murder was to shut him
114:36 speaking Oswald's murder was to shut him up Captain will Fritz just told me that
114:40 up Captain will Fritz just told me that Ruby has said that he did it that it was
114:42 Ruby has said that he did it that it was his gun and that he had built up a
114:45 his gun and that he had built up a tremendous grievance over the death of
114:47 tremendous grievance over the death of the president in Jack Ruby's small mind
114:50 the president in Jack Ruby's small mind he thought he was going to become a big
114:52 he thought he was going to become a big big hero I mean he killed the guy who
114:54 big hero I mean he killed the guy who killed the president to commend what he
114:57 killed the president to commend what he did I think he ought have been the
114:59 did I think he ought have been the Congressional Medal of Honor for it and
115:00 Congressional Medal of Honor for it and a lot of other good American citizens
115:02 a lot of other good American citizens think he did exactly the right thing in
115:05 think he did exactly the right thing in shooting down this communist word also
115:07 shooting down this communist word also in just now from Dallas that homicide
115:11 in just now from Dallas that homicide Chief Captain will Fritz has now said
115:14 Chief Captain will Fritz has now said that the case of President Kennedy's
115:16 that the case of President Kennedy's assassination is now closed with the
115:18 assassination is now closed with the death of Oswald it may not however be
115:21 death of Oswald it may not however be the opinion of the US Secret Service or
115:24 the opinion of the US Secret Service or the Federal Bureau of
115:49 Investigation our nation is bered the whole world is poor because of
115:53 bered the whole world is poor because of his
115:54 his loss but we can all be better Americans
115:58 loss but we can all be better Americans because John Fitzgerald Kennedy has
116:01 because John Fitzgerald Kennedy has passed our
116:03 passed our way because he has been our chosen
116:06 way because he has been our chosen leader at a time in history when his
116:10 leader at a time in history when his character his vision and his quiet
116:14 character his vision and his quiet courage have enabled him to chart a
116:17 courage have enabled him to chart a course for
116:19 course for us a safe course for us through the shs
116:23 us a safe course for us through the shs of treacherous seas that Encompass the
116:27 of treacherous seas that Encompass the world and now that he is relieved of the
116:32 world and now that he is relieved of the almost superhuman burden we imposed on
116:36 almost superhuman burden we imposed on him may he rest in
116:39 him may he rest in [Music]
116:54 peace Dallas today had even more to mourn it held funeral services for one
116:57 mourn it held funeral services for one of its own who was a victim of Friday's
116:59 of its own who was a victim of Friday's tragedy officer J D
117:08 tippet there was a funeral of a very different sort today in nearby Fort
117:11 different sort today in nearby Fort Worth this was the dreary funeral of Lee
117:14 Worth this was the dreary funeral of Lee Harvey Oswald alleged murderer of
117:17 Harvey Oswald alleged murderer of President Kennedy the pathetic group of
117:19 President Kennedy the pathetic group of MERS included Oswald's mother
117:23 MERS included Oswald's mother margarit his wife
117:25 margarit his wife Marina his brother Robert and Oswald's
117:29 Marina his brother Robert and Oswald's two children one of them a babe in
117:32 two children one of them a babe in arms the six Paul bearers you see here
117:35 arms the six Paul bearers you see here are newsmen there were not enough
117:38 are newsmen there were not enough relatives or friends on hand to serve as
117:42 relatives or friends on hand to serve as Paul
117:48 bearers now there is a new flag of the president of the United States flying in
117:50 president of the United States flying in the White House in President Kennedy's
117:53 the White House in President Kennedy's old Oval Office Mrs Evelyn Lincoln his
117:56 old Oval Office Mrs Evelyn Lincoln his secretary and her AIDS have removed
117:58 secretary and her AIDS have removed every scrap every vestage of the signs
118:00 every scrap every vestage of the signs of the personal touches of President
118:04 of the personal touches of President Kennedy we know from history that one
118:08 Kennedy we know from history that one tests of societies is how do they handle
118:12 tests of societies is how do they handle the transfer of power at the top lynon
118:15 the transfer of power at the top lynon Johnson whatever you thought of him and
118:17 Johnson whatever you thought of him and a lot of people disliked him greatly
118:20 a lot of people disliked him greatly some even hated him would be the
118:21 some even hated him would be the president in the United States I think
118:24 president in the United States I think it shouted about the strength of the
118:27 it shouted about the strength of the country and that we swear by the rule of
118:30 country and that we swear by the rule of [Music]
118:32 [Music] law the president of the United
118:37 law the president of the United [Applause]
118:58 Americans all I have I would have given
119:02 have I would have given gladly not to be standing here
119:05 gladly not to be standing here today Johnson knows he has to show the
119:09 today Johnson knows he has to show the country that the ship of state is
119:11 country that the ship of state is sailing on under a new captain but at
119:13 sailing on under a new captain but at the same time he can't appear to be too
119:17 the same time he can't appear to be too anxious to assume power and he has to
119:20 anxious to assume power and he has to keep the Kennedy people on board with
119:22 keep the Kennedy people on board with him so that speech means everything no
119:26 him so that speech means everything no words are strong
119:29 words are strong enough to express our
119:33 enough to express our determination to continue the forward
119:37 determination to continue the forward Trust of America that he
119:40 Trust of America that he [Applause]
119:52 began the people of Europe just count cannot believe that a lone Avenger made
119:54 cannot believe that a lone Avenger made his way into a major police station and
119:56 his way into a major police station and killed without difficulty the most
119:58 killed without difficulty the most celebrated and Infamous criminal in the
120:00 celebrated and Infamous criminal in the United States one of the most important
120:02 United States one of the most important things that happened after Oswald's
120:06 things that happened after Oswald's murder was that we you know were forever
120:09 murder was that we you know were forever denied the why I mean people at the time
120:12 denied the why I mean people at the time believed he did
120:13 believed he did it question was why there are questions
120:17 it question was why there are questions continuing coming up about the
120:20 continuing coming up about the possibility of an international plot
120:22 possibility of an international plot there's still all this thought that the
120:25 there's still all this thought that the Russians might be behind it or Cuba
120:27 Russians might be behind it or Cuba might be behind it Johnson sees there's
120:29 might be behind it Johnson sees there's a real danger in that you want to put
120:32 a real danger in that you want to put these rumors to
120:34 these rumors to rest investigations into all the facts
120:37 rest investigations into all the facts of these last 4 days may not be limited
120:39 of these last 4 days may not be limited to the state of Texas or the FBI some
120:42 to the state of Texas or the FBI some congressmen already have suggested a
120:44 congressmen already have suggested a congressional
120:46 congressional investigation killing a president wasn't
120:48 investigation killing a president wasn't a federal crime at the time so you had
120:51 a federal crime at the time so you had the Federal government intervening in
120:53 the Federal government intervening in still what was a local murder there
120:56 still what was a local murder there certainly was a concern of competing
120:59 certainly was a concern of competing investigations there was the Dallas
121:01 investigations there was the Dallas criminal investigation there was the
121:03 criminal investigation there was the state of Texas Court of inquiry and
121:05 state of Texas Court of inquiry and there were committees on both sides of
121:06 there were committees on both sides of Congress while of course the FBI had
121:09 Congress while of course the FBI had been given the job to conduct a
121:11 been given the job to conduct a fullscale
121:13 fullscale investigation Johnson realizes something
121:15 investigation Johnson realizes something has to be done he realizes that he has
121:19 has to be done he realizes that he has to appoint a body that the public will
121:22 to appoint a body that the public will respect to look into
121:24 respect to look into this yes Mr President I've got to have a
121:27 this yes Mr President I've got to have a top Blue Ribbon presidential commission
121:30 top Blue Ribbon presidential commission to investigate this assassination I'm
121:32 to investigate this assassination I'm going to ask CL and delis and Ford and
121:34 going to ask CL and delis and Ford and bogs and c and Russell and chief justice
121:36 bogs and c and Russell and chief justice Warren as chairman there's one public
121:38 Warren as chairman there's one public governmental official in the United
121:40 governmental official in the United States universally respected for his
121:42 States universally respected for his Integrity it is the Chief Justice of the
121:44 Integrity it is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Earl Warren if there's one
121:47 Supreme Court Earl Warren if there's one person in Congress that everyone
121:49 person in Congress that everyone respects it's Richard Russell Georgia he
121:53 respects it's Richard Russell Georgia he has to get them both on the commission
121:55 has to get them both on the commission there is however a problem Russell is a
121:58 there is however a problem Russell is a segregationist through and through and
122:01 segregationist through and through and despises Warren for the decisions that
122:03 despises Warren for the decisions that he's made on the court Johnson thought
122:06 he's made on the court Johnson thought if they can agree on a verdict then
122:08 if they can agree on a verdict then ought to be satisfying 90% of American
122:12 ought to be satisfying 90% of American public opinion Senor wruss
122:15 public opinion Senor wruss 2191 I'm highly honored you think about
122:18 2191 I'm highly honored you think about me in connection with it but I I I
122:20 me in connection with it but I I I couldn't say there with b i I don't like
122:23 couldn't say there with b i I don't like that man you can serve with anybody for
122:25 that man you can serve with anybody for the good of America and you're going to
122:27 the good of America and you're going to do it I can't arrest you and I'm not
122:30 do it I can't arrest you and I'm not going to put the FBI on you but you're
122:32 going to put the FBI on you but you're goddamn sure going to serve I'll tell
122:34 goddamn sure going to serve I'll tell you that Linda Johnson was known as the
122:37 you that Linda Johnson was known as the greatest salesman one onone who ever
122:40 greatest salesman one onone who ever lived so he meets first with Warren and
122:44 lived so he meets first with Warren and he says if I asked you to put on your
122:46 he says if I asked you to put on your uniform and fight for America you do it
122:49 uniform and fight for America you do it I'm asking you to fight for America in a
122:51 I'm asking you to fight for America in a different way then Johnson has to get
122:53 different way then Johnson has to get Richard Russell Mr President please no
122:56 Richard Russell Mr President please no it's already done it's been announced H
122:59 it's already done it's been announced H you mean you yes sir I made the
123:01 you mean you yes sir I made the announcement it's already in the papers
123:03 announcement it's already in the papers and you on it well I think you did wrong
123:05 and you on it well I think you did wrong getting one and no damn well you got
123:07 getting one and no damn well you got wrong getting me but do the best can I
123:09 wrong getting me but do the best can I think that's what you do that's kind of
123:11 think that's what you do that's kind of American both of you are
123:23 produced by NBC News which is solely responsible for its content the Warren
123:26 responsible for its content the Warren Commission appointed Friday night will
123:28 Commission appointed Friday night will investigate and make a report on the
123:29 investigate and make a report on the murder as yet it has said nothing about
123:32 murder as yet it has said nothing about how it will proceed or when in the
123:35 how it will proceed or when in the meantime again the FBI is investigating
123:38 meantime again the FBI is investigating every lead it can find and will turn its
123:40 every lead it can find and will turn its report over to President Johnson
123:41 report over to President Johnson probably this
123:43 probably this week it was the FBI's hope that its
123:46 week it was the FBI's hope that its report would be uh if not the final word
123:49 report would be uh if not the final word the semifinal word and that the
123:50 the semifinal word and that the commission's job would be to read it and
123:52 commission's job would be to read it and then essentially endorse the findings of
123:54 then essentially endorse the findings of the report the members of the Warren
123:57 the report the members of the Warren Commission Earl Warren John Sherman
124:00 Commission Earl Warren John Sherman Cooper Jerry Ford
124:04 Cooper Jerry Ford aenos hail bogs Richard Russell and John
124:08 aenos hail bogs Richard Russell and John J McLoy realized at their initial
124:11 J McLoy realized at their initial meeting that they had to do an
124:13 meeting that they had to do an independent investigation they didn't
124:15 independent investigation they didn't want to be a stamp for the FBI or the
124:18 want to be a stamp for the FBI or the Secret
124:19 Secret Service there are three issues the
124:22 Service there are three issues the commission had to Grapple with you know
124:23 commission had to Grapple with you know did Oswalt commit the physical act of
124:26 did Oswalt commit the physical act of the murder and even if he did the
124:28 the murder and even if he did the physical act did he have forces behind
124:31 physical act did he have forces behind him and then of course what's Ruby's
124:34 him and then of course what's Ruby's involvement in
124:42 this you had various branches of the investigation traveling interviewing
124:44 investigation traveling interviewing Witnesses collecting evidence bringing
124:46 Witnesses collecting evidence bringing it back to the commission let's see the
124:48 it back to the commission let's see the time of day was about we're not
124:56 fire there were questions how would they deal with the different stories about
124:58 deal with the different stories about shooters from the grassy know and
125:00 shooters from the grassy know and shooters from different directions the
125:02 shooters from different directions the lawyers from the commission took 395
125:06 lawyers from the commission took 395 depositions and there were 94 witnesses
125:08 depositions and there were 94 witnesses that appeared before the commission
125:11 that appeared before the commission Lyndon Johnson wants to report out so it
125:15 Lyndon Johnson wants to report out so it doesn't interfere with the election in
125:18 doesn't interfere with the election in November Warren left for Dallas because
125:20 November Warren left for Dallas because he was a man who spent his early career
125:22 he was a man who spent his early career as a as a courtroom prosecutor he
125:24 as a as a courtroom prosecutor he understood a crime scene he wanted to
125:25 understood a crime scene he wanted to stand in that window and see whether
125:27 stand in that window and see whether this was a shot that a marksman could
125:29 this was a shot that a marksman could make while he was there Warren felt he
125:32 make while he was there Warren felt he should talk to Ruby there was all these
125:34 should talk to Ruby there was all these suggestions that Ruby had killed oswal
125:35 suggestions that Ruby had killed oswal to silence him so Warren I think wanted
125:37 to silence him so Warren I think wanted to hear from Ruby himself the warrant
125:40 to hear from Ruby himself the warrant commission realized they were going to
125:42 commission realized they were going to have to invest a lot more time than was
125:45 have to invest a lot more time than was anticipated from maybe 2 to 3 month
125:48 anticipated from maybe 2 to 3 month operation to the conception that it'll
125:50 operation to the conception that it'll probably take 6 months
125:52 probably take 6 months The Hourglass of time was running out on
125:55 The Hourglass of time was running out on them can you say if you still think it
125:57 them can you say if you still think it was one man I think we better not get
125:59 was one man I think we better not get into that uh area you know the report
126:03 into that uh area you know the report will cover all of that in great
126:06 will cover all of that in great detail this committee labored 10 months
126:09 detail this committee labored 10 months then brought forth a document close to a
126:11 then brought forth a document close to a thousand Pages President Johnson
126:14 thousand Pages President Johnson received that report today what the
126:16 received that report today what the public understood and what I understood
126:20 public understood and what I understood is these were very honorable men they
126:23 is these were very honorable men they thought that the commission had done a
126:25 thought that the commission had done a good job and they would come up with an
126:32 answer when the Warren Commission report came out I believed it we were still in
126:36 came out I believed it we were still in a time when you tended to believe what
126:41 a time when you tended to believe what officials told
126:43 officials told you it is now 15 seconds after 6:30 p.m.
126:48 you it is now 15 seconds after 6:30 p.m. eastern Daylight time Sunday September
126:50 eastern Daylight time Sunday September the 27th
126:52 the 27th as of this moment the report of the
126:54 as of this moment the report of the president's commission is public record
126:57 president's commission is public record for the next half hour we will search it
126:59 for the next half hour we will search it for answers first must come the answers
127:02 for answers first must come the answers to the two great overriding questions
127:05 to the two great overriding questions who killed John F Kennedy the commission
127:08 who killed John F Kennedy the commission answers unequivocally Lee Harvey oswal
127:11 answers unequivocally Lee Harvey oswal was oswal acting alone or was he a
127:14 was oswal acting alone or was he a member of a conspiracy the commission
127:16 member of a conspiracy the commission answers he acted alone we knew most
127:20 answers he acted alone we knew most people were not going to read all of the
127:21 people were not going to read all of the Warren Commission report so CBS News
127:25 Warren Commission report so CBS News wanted to be able to bring to air an
127:27 wanted to be able to bring to air an understandable form for the public at
127:28 understandable form for the public at large what the warrant commission itself
127:30 large what the warrant commission itself is found there was nothing to support
127:32 is found there was nothing to support the speculation that Oswell was an agent
127:35 the speculation that Oswell was an agent employee or informant of the FBI or the
127:38 employee or informant of the FBI or the CIA or any other governmental agency
127:41 CIA or any other governmental agency Oswalt owned the murder rifle the mail
127:43 Oswalt owned the murder rifle the mail order purchase slip for that rifle was
127:45 order purchase slip for that rifle was in his handwriting oswalt's palm print
127:48 in his handwriting oswalt's palm print was found on a surface of the gun the
127:50 was found on a surface of the gun the media had all concluded that this was
127:53 media had all concluded that this was the most exhaustive investigation Case
127:57 the most exhaustive investigation Case Closed Oswell did it alone the
128:00 Closed Oswell did it alone the commission concludes that three shots
128:02 commission concludes that three shots were fired all of them from this sixth
128:04 were fired all of them from this sixth floor window in the Texas School Book
128:07 floor window in the Texas School Book Depository the cumulative evidence of
128:09 Depository the cumulative evidence of eyewitness firearms and Ballistic
128:12 eyewitness firearms and Ballistic experts and medical authorities
128:14 experts and medical authorities demonstrated that the shots were fired
128:16 demonstrated that the shots were fired from above and behind President Kennedy
128:18 from above and behind President Kennedy and Governor Connelly when the warrant
128:20 and Governor Connelly when the warrant commission came out with the report the
128:22 commission came out with the report the majority of
128:24 majority of Americans uh accepted the findings of
128:26 Americans uh accepted the findings of the warrant commission the bullet
128:28 the warrant commission the bullet entered here came out just below the
128:30 entered here came out just below the president's Adam apple the commission
128:33 president's Adam apple the commission believes that the same bullet then
128:35 believes that the same bullet then entered the right shoulder of Governor
128:37 entered the right shoulder of Governor Conelly passed out through his chest
128:40 Conelly passed out through his chest continued through his right wrist and on
128:42 continued through his right wrist and on into his left thigh the report has been
128:45 into his left thigh the report has been generally accepted throughout the
128:47 generally accepted throughout the country I think it reflects the
128:50 country I think it reflects the thoroughness with which they went into
128:51 thoroughness with which they went into it and I think at least it has dispelled
128:54 it and I think at least it has dispelled many of the rumors and the speculations
128:56 many of the rumors and the speculations that surrounded this this very tragic
128:57 that surrounded this this very tragic event I'm quite satisfied uh that he has
129:01 event I'm quite satisfied uh that he has been very well covered entirely it
129:04 been very well covered entirely it leaves no doubt in my mind that Lee
129:07 leaves no doubt in my mind that Lee actually did assassinate the president
129:09 actually did assassinate the president of the United States and kill off the
129:12 of the United States and kill off the tippet in the end we find confronting
129:14 tippet in the end we find confronting each other the liar the misfit The
129:16 each other the liar the misfit The Defector on the one hand and seven
129:18 Defector on the one hand and seven distinguished Americans on the other and
129:20 distinguished Americans on the other and yet EX ly here we must be careful that
129:23 yet EX ly here we must be careful that we do not say too much oswal was never
129:25 we do not say too much oswal was never tried for any crime and perhaps
129:28 tried for any crime and perhaps therefore there will forever be
129:29 therefore there will forever be questions of substance and detail raised
129:32 questions of substance and detail raised by amateur detectives professional
129:34 by amateur detectives professional Skeptics and serious students as well we
129:37 Skeptics and serious students as well we are the jury all of us in America and
129:40 are the jury all of us in America and throughout the
129:42 throughout the world the reaction to the report
129:44 world the reaction to the report initially was very positive but that
129:46 initially was very positive but that didn't last very long this book is the
129:49 didn't last very long this book is the number one bestseller on the non-fiction
129:50 number one bestseller on the non-fiction list in the country rushed to judgment
129:52 list in the country rushed to judgment by Mark Lane it's gained a vast number
129:54 by Mark Lane it's gained a vast number of readers in the recent ground swell of
129:56 of readers in the recent ground swell of skepticism about the findings of the
129:58 skepticism about the findings of the Warren report we did not Envision the
130:02 Warren report we did not Envision the breath and the scope of the criticism
130:04 breath and the scope of the criticism the author has some highly provocative
130:06 the author has some highly provocative and controversial things to say so
130:08 and controversial things to say so please greet Mr Mark
130:15 Lane no matter how illustrous the members were we were not going to be
130:17 members were we were not going to be reassured by a commission we're already
130:20 reassured by a commission we're already having a little dis agreement here while
130:22 having a little dis agreement here while the commercials were on what were you
130:24 the commercials were on what were you saying David well I think I disagree
130:26 saying David well I think I disagree almost totally with Mark Lane on several
130:29 almost totally with Mark Lane on several counts I don't know where to begin let
130:30 counts I don't know where to begin let me show you something just in case we
130:32 me show you something just in case we have a chance that is a picture of Jack
130:34 have a chance that is a picture of Jack Ruby and this was taken 5 minutes after
130:36 Ruby and this was taken 5 minutes after the assassination in front of the Texas
130:38 the assassination in front of the Texas School Book Depository building the
130:40 School Book Depository building the commission said Ruby was not there this
130:42 commission said Ruby was not there this is a picture showing how the commission
130:44 is a picture showing how the commission published it he wasn't there when they
130:46 published it he wasn't there when they published the picture
130:47 published the picture because Chief Justice Warren and that
130:50 because Chief Justice Warren and that Commission of notable tell me about some
130:51 Commission of notable tell me about some facts instead of your deep Faith the
130:53 facts instead of your deep Faith the Chief Justice accusing them of
130:54 Chief Justice accusing them of deliberate Mal you are part of the media
130:57 deliberate Mal you are part of the media which prevented the American people from
130:59 which prevented the American people from finding out what happened are alarming
131:01 finding out what happened are alarming the American people secet testimony be
131:04 the American people secet testimony be alarmed the public had been kept in the
131:06 alarmed the public had been kept in the dark for so long about this but had an
131:08 dark for so long about this but had an undying
131:10 undying thirst which can only be quenched by
131:12 thirst which can only be quenched by getting facts we have a right to know
131:14 getting facts we have a right to know who killed our president and why he died
131:17 who killed our president and why he died and we can't get that from reading the
131:18 and we can't get that from reading the Warren report the critics of the Warren
131:20 Warren report the critics of the Warren Commission have three different points
131:22 Commission have three different points of view one we were simply incompetent
131:25 of view one we were simply incompetent two we were thoroughly corrupt and then
131:27 two we were thoroughly corrupt and then there's those that say both of the above
131:29 there's those that say both of the above I want someone to tell me that to my
131:42 face at the start Lane was almost alone now he's just one among a growing band
131:45 now he's just one among a growing band of doubters their books and articles are
131:47 of doubters their books and articles are on the news stands they're in the
131:48 on the news stands they're in the supermarkets now according to a recent
131:51 supermarkets now according to a recent pole only one in three Americans remains
131:54 pole only one in three Americans remains convinced that the waren report has the
131:57 convinced that the waren report has the whole story when you have a great number
131:59 whole story when you have a great number of people devoting their lives to
132:02 of people devoting their lives to looking at every word every
132:04 looking at every word every comma uh they can create a lot of
132:07 comma uh they can create a lot of Mischief I believe very firmly that Ruby
132:11 Mischief I believe very firmly that Ruby and oswal knew each other and certainly
132:14 and oswal knew each other and certainly tippet and Ruby knew each other before
132:16 tippet and Ruby knew each other before we proceed with that uh kind of uh
132:19 we proceed with that uh kind of uh questioning let me ask you what kind of
132:22 questioning let me ask you what kind of uh conspiracy do you think was it a
132:24 uh conspiracy do you think was it a communist leftwing a right-wing
132:27 communist leftwing a right-wing conspiracy I am convinced that there
132:29 conspiracy I am convinced that there were two Riflemen the Warren Commission
132:32 were two Riflemen the Warren Commission was set up as you know at the request
132:35 was set up as you know at the request and urging of the Communist party it's
132:38 and urging of the Communist party it's obvious that he was working for somebody
132:40 obvious that he was working for somebody else at that moment and that somebody
132:42 else at that moment and that somebody else could not be anyone else than Fidel
132:44 else could not be anyone else than Fidel Castro there is no possibility of Oswald
132:47 Castro there is no possibility of Oswald having been in the sixth floor window of
132:48 having been in the sixth floor window of the Texas schoolbook depository may have
132:50 the Texas schoolbook depository may have been the servant of the Castro madong
132:55 been the servant of the Castro madong communist School Of Violence there was
132:57 communist School Of Violence there was an entire world of assassination Buffs
133:01 an entire world of assassination Buffs some raised valid questions could a
133:04 some raised valid questions could a bullet which had done as much have come
133:06 bullet which had done as much have come out looking like bullet 399 it is
133:10 out looking like bullet 399 it is another one of the very many highly
133:13 another one of the very many highly improbables that we are asked to accept
133:15 improbables that we are asked to accept by the Warren Commission if we are to
133:17 by the Warren Commission if we are to accept the validity of their full report
133:20 accept the validity of their full report some had had completely mad theories
133:23 some had had completely mad theories Cody was killed by karate chop to the
133:25 Cody was killed by karate chop to the throat in September I believe of 1964
133:28 throat in September I believe of 1964 but everyone I believed had a right to
133:31 but everyone I believed had a right to give their views you have apparently
133:34 give their views you have apparently succeeded in persuading the majority of
133:36 succeeded in persuading the majority of the American people that we cannot trust
133:39 the American people that we cannot trust the most August conceivable panel but to
133:42 the most August conceivable panel but to do a responsible job you talk about
133:44 do a responsible job you talk about faith in these institutions of faith in
133:46 faith in these institutions of faith in the FBI as if it's a religious
133:48 the FBI as if it's a religious experience to read the waren report I
133:50 experience to read the waren report I think that the cont that all we're
133:51 think that the cont that all we're supposed to have faith in a democracy is
133:54 supposed to have faith in a democracy is in our own ability to look at the facts
133:56 in our own ability to look at the facts and reach our own
133:58 and reach our own conclusions the decreasing trust by
134:01 conclusions the decreasing trust by Americans in their government all
134:03 Americans in their government all started with the Kennedy assassination
134:05 started with the Kennedy assassination by
134:07 by 1966 there's this cultural revolution in
134:10 1966 there's this cultural revolution in the United States I mean we're deeply in
134:12 the United States I mean we're deeply in mesed in Vietnam there's a lot of
134:14 mesed in Vietnam there's a lot of protests there have been riots and
134:16 protests there have been riots and there's a sense that things have
134:18 there's a sense that things have seriously gone wrong we've gone off the
134:21 seriously gone wrong we've gone off the rails since November 63 and the Warren
134:24 rails since November 63 and the Warren report is a very important part of that
134:27 report is a very important part of that loss of confidence in the government I
134:29 loss of confidence in the government I don't think that all the uh facts were
134:31 don't think that all the uh facts were brought out I think something was held
134:34 brought out I think something was held back I think they were more involved in
134:37 back I think they were more involved in it than just Oswell I don't know how in
134:40 it than just Oswell I don't know how in the world they could ever reach a
134:41 the world they could ever reach a conclusion that one person assassinated
134:43 conclusion that one person assassinated him this is ridiculous I saw the whole
134:45 him this is ridiculous I saw the whole thing on television I just happened to
134:46 thing on television I just happened to be home at that time and I don't think
134:48 be home at that time and I don't think that Oswell would I think that he was
134:51 that Oswell would I think that he was was uh working for the CIA myself why
134:55 was uh working for the CIA myself why doesn't America believe the Warren
134:57 doesn't America believe the Warren report because of the conspiracy
135:00 report because of the conspiracy theorists who have put this case under a
135:03 theorists who have put this case under a high-powered microscope splitting hairs
135:05 high-powered microscope splitting hairs and then proceeding to split the split
135:07 and then proceeding to split the split hairs the Kennedy case is now the most
135:10 hairs the Kennedy case is now the most complex murder case by far in world
135:13 complex murder case by far in world history nothing even remotely comes
135:16 history nothing even remotely comes close we are left with a series of real
135:18 close we are left with a series of real and critical questions about the
135:20 and critical questions about the assassination questions which have not
135:22 assassination questions which have not been answered to the satisfaction of the
135:23 been answered to the satisfaction of the people of the United States when
135:25 people of the United States when President Kennedy was killed he was not
135:28 President Kennedy was killed he was not killed by one
135:29 killed by one man he was shot from a number of
135:32 man he was shot from a number of different directions by different guns
135:34 different directions by different guns the story has been suppressed Witnesses
135:37 the story has been suppressed Witnesses have been killed and this is your
135:40 have been killed and this is your country we aren't trying to hide a thing
135:43 country we aren't trying to hide a thing from you or from Mr Epstein or Mr lane
135:45 from you or from Mr Epstein or Mr lane or the world we are laying it all out
135:48 or the world we are laying it all out that it's right here in the notes of
135:49 that it's right here in the notes of testimony and if if we have transposed
135:52 testimony and if if we have transposed in error a possibly into a probably then
135:56 in error a possibly into a probably then we are delighted to have you point it
135:57 we are delighted to have you point it out to us but you can do so only because
136:00 out to us but you can do so only because we've laid it on the
136:07 line the Wen report said that Lee Harvey Oswald shot the president from his
136:09 Oswald shot the president from his window in the Texas schoolbook
136:11 window in the Texas schoolbook depository 3 years after Kennedy's
136:13 depository 3 years after Kennedy's assassination the major question is
136:15 assassination the major question is still a simple one did the Wen
136:17 still a simple one did the Wen commission with all that time and all
136:19 commission with all that time and all these resources get its answers right
136:23 these resources get its answers right tonight we'll go over those arguments
136:25 tonight we'll go over those arguments one by one area by area as the
136:28 one by one area by area as the assassination was taking place a Dallas
136:31 assassination was taking place a Dallas businessman called Abraham Z bruda stood
136:34 businessman called Abraham Z bruda stood behind that low concrete wall looking
136:37 behind that low concrete wall looking down at Elm Street as the president was
136:41 down at Elm Street as the president was coming down from Houston Street making
136:43 coming down from Houston Street making his turn it was about a halfway down
136:45 his turn it was about a halfway down there I had a shot and I had another
136:48 there I had a shot and I had another shot or two I couldn't say it was one or
136:50 shot or two I couldn't say it was one or two and I saw his head practically open
136:53 two and I saw his head practically open up all blood and everything and I kept
136:55 up all blood and everything and I kept on shooting the waren commission could
136:58 on shooting the waren commission could use the film and each frame to
137:01 use the film and each frame to reconstruct each moment of the
137:03 reconstruct each moment of the assassination part of the reason why I
137:05 assassination part of the reason why I think the film captured the American
137:07 think the film captured the American imagination is because it pushes us to
137:09 imagination is because it pushes us to think about something more complex and
137:13 think about something more complex and each person who looks at it you know
137:15 each person who looks at it you know people see different things where did
137:17 people see different things where did the shots come from if the shots did not
137:19 the shots come from if the shots did not all come from the book depos window then
137:21 all come from the book depos window then there was most likely some form of
137:24 there was most likely some form of conspiracy I think that the that the
137:26 conspiracy I think that the that the massive head wound where the president's
137:29 massive head wound where the president's head was literally blown apart came from
137:32 head was literally blown apart came from a quartering angle on the grassy null he
137:35 a quartering angle on the grassy null he struck and his head doesn't go directly
137:37 struck and his head doesn't go directly back this way but it goes back and and
137:40 back this way but it goes back and and over this way which would be consistent
137:42 over this way which would be consistent with the shot from that direction in
137:44 with the shot from that direction in Newton's law of motion seven men on a
137:46 Newton's law of motion seven men on a railroad bridge right here said that
137:49 railroad bridge right here said that when the shots were fired they looked
137:50 when the shots were fired they looked toward the the wooden fence and each of
137:52 toward the the wooden fence and each of the seven said he saw puffs of white
137:53 the seven said he saw puffs of white smoke come from here I glanced over that
137:56 smoke come from here I glanced over that underneath that green tree and you see a
137:59 underneath that green tree and you see a a little puff of smoke it looked like a
138:00 a little puff of smoke it looked like a puff of steam or cigarette smoke when
138:03 puff of steam or cigarette smoke when you stop to think about it no one saw
138:04 you stop to think about it no one saw anyone with a gun rifle on the grassy no
138:07 anyone with a gun rifle on the grassy no no expended cartridges from a weapon
138:09 no expended cartridges from a weapon were found there not one bullet other
138:13 were found there not one bullet other than those fired from oswal's rifle has
138:16 than those fired from oswal's rifle has ever been found and linked to the
138:19 ever been found and linked to the assassination now there were two doctors
138:21 assassination now there were two doctors and one priest who claimed that who said
138:24 and one priest who claimed that who said flatly that there
138:25 flatly that there were uh entrance wounds in the president
138:29 were uh entrance wounds in the president snake if the wound in the president's
138:31 snake if the wound in the president's throat was an entrance wound then
138:33 throat was an entrance wound then clearly this would be proof that the
138:35 clearly this would be proof that the bullet came from the front Mark Lane has
138:38 bullet came from the front Mark Lane has suggested that this wasn't an exit wound
138:42 suggested that this wasn't an exit wound by the president's tie but an entry
138:44 by the president's tie but an entry wound but Kennedy was hit in the throat
138:47 wound but Kennedy was hit in the throat from the front the doctor at
138:49 from the front the doctor at Parkland didn't want to talk about the
138:52 Parkland didn't want to talk about the president's injuries but the Press more
138:54 president's injuries but the Press more or less forced him to and the wound in
138:56 or less forced him to and the wound in the president's throat was pretty clean
138:59 the president's throat was pretty clean he thought it was an entrance wound what
139:01 he thought it was an entrance wound what about this uh wound that you observed uh
139:06 about this uh wound that you observed uh in the in the front of the president's
139:08 in the in the front of the president's NE actually I didn't really give it much
139:11 NE actually I didn't really give it much thought and I realized that perhaps it
139:14 thought and I realized that perhaps it have been better had I've done so there
139:16 have been better had I've done so there was a wound in the back of the neck that
139:18 was a wound in the back of the neck that had not been seen by the Parkland
139:20 had not been seen by the Parkland doctors because they never turned the
139:22 doctors because they never turned the body over you did not turn the president
139:25 body over you did not turn the president over no there's really no reason to it
139:26 over no there's really no reason to it made very little difference to me since
139:29 made very little difference to me since um my immediate concern was with an
139:32 um my immediate concern was with an attempted resuscitation you can explain
139:34 attempted resuscitation you can explain this at infinitum and people will only
139:37 this at infinitum and people will only remember that a doctor at Parkland said
139:40 remember that a doctor at Parkland said he' been shot you know from possibly the
139:43 he' been shot you know from possibly the front so it's you know kind of trying to
139:46 front so it's you know kind of trying to put the genie back in the
139:48 put the genie back in the bottle a bullet hit the Pres hit him
139:51 bottle a bullet hit the Pres hit him from the back bullet hit him from the
139:53 from the back bullet hit him from the front the bullet which killed him came
139:55 front the bullet which killed him came from the right front unless the laws of
139:58 from the right front unless the laws of physics were not working that day the
140:00 physics were not working that day the reaction of the
140:02 reaction of the president tells us where that shot came
140:05 president tells us where that shot came from some critics say by the very fact
140:08 from some critics say by the very fact that in the picture you can clearly see
140:10 that in the picture you can clearly see the explosion of the bullet on the front
140:12 the explosion of the bullet on the front side of the president that that
140:14 side of the president that that certainly indicates the bullet came from
140:16 certainly indicates the bullet came from the front well I don't believe any
140:18 the front well I don't believe any physicist has ever said that quite
140:20 physicist has ever said that quite contrary it does indicate that the
140:22 contrary it does indicate that the bullet was coming from behind it's a
140:24 bullet was coming from behind it's a minor explosion where pieces of material
140:27 minor explosion where pieces of material go generally in the direction of the
140:29 go generally in the direction of the bullet if you look at the individual
140:32 bullet if you look at the individual frames of the zuder film at 312 frame
140:36 frames of the zuder film at 312 frame 312 president's heads okay at frame 313
140:41 312 president's heads okay at frame 313 1/18th of a second later the president
140:45 1/18th of a second later the president is struck in the head in what direction
140:48 is struck in the head in what direction is the president's head pushed not
140:51 is the president's head pushed not backwards but slightly forward is there
140:54 backwards but slightly forward is there any doubt that the wound at the back of
140:57 any doubt that the wound at the back of the president's head was the entry room
140:59 the president's head was the entry room uh there is absolutely no doubt sir so
141:02 uh there is absolutely no doubt sir so at the all important moment of
141:06 at the all important moment of impact the president's head is pushed
141:09 impact the president's head is pushed forward indicating a shot from the rear
141:13 forward indicating a shot from the rear where Lee Harvey Oswald was
141:26 CBS News inquiry the Warren report continues the time span between shots
141:29 continues the time span between shots it's a point upon which the critics have
141:31 it's a point upon which the critics have seized could oswal have fired three
141:33 seized could oswal have fired three shots in 5.6 seconds there was a lot of
141:37 shots in 5.6 seconds there was a lot of attention being given to the Sauder film
141:39 attention being given to the Sauder film and when exactly the president was hit
141:42 and when exactly the president was hit first and then hit second CBS News had a
141:45 first and then hit second CBS News had a tower and Target track constructed to
141:47 tower and Target track constructed to match exactly the Heights and distances
141:49 match exactly the Heights and distances in D PL
141:51 in D PL [Music]
141:53 [Music] if there wasn't enough time then you
141:55 if there wasn't enough time then you would have a second shooter Oswalt was
141:58 would have a second shooter Oswalt was not an expert shot he was a good shot
142:00 not an expert shot he was a good shot but making the shots was not that tough
142:02 but making the shots was not that tough at all CBS did it a guy from the
142:04 at all CBS did it a guy from the military did
142:11 it those three shots he got off in 2.6 seconds the zuder film became the
142:15 2.6 seconds the zuder film became the lens through which the assassination was
142:18 lens through which the assassination was seen if it didn't happen on the zuda
142:20 seen if it didn't happen on the zuda film film it didn't happen zuder started
142:23 film film it didn't happen zuder started his camera after the limousine was about
142:26 his camera after the limousine was about 70 ft into de Plaza well Oswald had the
142:30 70 ft into de Plaza well Oswald had the president in his sights for many seconds
142:33 president in his sights for many seconds before that and this gets into the whole
142:36 before that and this gets into the whole questions how much time did Oswald have
142:38 questions how much time did Oswald have to shoot the
142:40 to shoot the president there are so many interesting
142:42 president there are so many interesting questions and problems that come from
142:44 questions and problems that come from the film we believe so much in the image
142:47 the film we believe so much in the image we believe so much in in the sort of
142:49 we believe so much in in the sort of ultimate truth of film and of images
142:52 ultimate truth of film and of images then they become our
142:54 then they become our memory is it impossible that the bullet
142:58 memory is it impossible that the bullet would have gone through President
142:59 would have gone through President Kennedy gone through Governor Connelly
143:01 Kennedy gone through Governor Connelly and not suffered any more damage than is
143:04 and not suffered any more damage than is shown in this Photograph I I I would
143:05 shown in this Photograph I I I would hesitate really to say that it is
143:07 hesitate really to say that it is absolutely 100% impossible but it is
143:10 absolutely 100% impossible but it is highly improbable could a single bullet
143:13 highly improbable could a single bullet have wounded both President Kennedy and
143:15 have wounded both President Kennedy and Governor connley the single bullet
143:17 Governor connley the single bullet theory has become perhaps the most
143:19 theory has become perhaps the most controversial asp ECT of the report if
143:22 controversial asp ECT of the report if the warrant commission couldn't prove
143:23 the warrant commission couldn't prove that one shot had hit both men that
143:26 that one shot had hit both men that meant there were two Shooters if so
143:28 meant there were two Shooters if so facto there's a conspiracy the
143:30 facto there's a conspiracy the conspiracy theorists claimed that the
143:33 conspiracy theorists claimed that the second shot was a Magic Bullet they
143:35 second shot was a Magic Bullet they argue that a bullet would have had to
143:37 argue that a bullet would have had to make a right turn and then a left turn
143:40 make a right turn and then a left turn in midair the reality is that Connelly
143:43 in midair the reality is that Connelly was not seated directly in front of
143:45 was not seated directly in front of Kennedy if you figure out the alignment
143:48 Kennedy if you figure out the alignment of where the men sat and if if you look
143:51 of where the men sat and if if you look down the man liquer Carano as I did and
143:54 down the man liquer Carano as I did and as the others did who conducted the
143:55 as the others did who conducted the on-site tests and had the automobile
143:58 on-site tests and had the automobile placed in the position it is perfectly
144:01 placed in the position it is perfectly plain I submit to you that the bullet
144:04 plain I submit to you that the bullet that exited from President Kennedy's
144:05 that exited from President Kennedy's throat would have to strike either the
144:08 throat would have to strike either the automobile which it did not or someone
144:10 automobile which it did not or someone else in the automobile to believe that
144:13 else in the automobile to believe that it didn't hit Governor Conley that would
144:15 it didn't hit Governor Conley that would be a real magic bullet when that
144:17 be a real magic bullet when that disappeared in thin air
144:21 disappeared in thin air to the Dallas County Courthouse for more
144:23 to the Dallas County Courthouse for more developments on the Jack Ruby
144:26 developments on the Jack Ruby verdict Jack Ruby has just been found
144:29 verdict Jack Ruby has just been found guilty of murder with malice and has
144:31 guilty of murder with malice and has been given the maximum sentence death in
144:33 been given the maximum sentence death in the electric chair after the jury
144:35 the electric chair after the jury deliberated 2 hours and 25 minutes just
144:38 deliberated 2 hours and 25 minutes just what do you think of this verdict I
144:40 what do you think of this verdict I believe that Jack Ruby was a paid killer
144:45 believe that Jack Ruby was a paid killer to close the mouth of my son Lee Harvey
144:49 to close the mouth of my son Lee Harvey Oswell the question of whether Ruby knew
144:52 Oswell the question of whether Ruby knew Oswald before or was in CS to kill him
144:55 Oswald before or was in CS to kill him is one of the most important questions
144:58 is one of the most important questions because Ruby knew people in criminal
145:00 because Ruby knew people in criminal activities there was a lot of
145:02 activities there was a lot of Investigation about a potential
145:05 Investigation about a potential conspiracy Ruby would have been one of
145:07 conspiracy Ruby would have been one of the most unlikely and worst hit men that
145:10 the most unlikely and worst hit men that the mob could ever
145:12 the mob could ever get on November the 24th 1963 Lee Harvey
145:16 get on November the 24th 1963 Lee Harvey Oswell was supposed to have been
145:17 Oswell was supposed to have been transferred at 10:00 at 10:00 the
145:20 transferred at 10:00 at 10:00 the evidence is Undisputed that Jack Ruby
145:22 evidence is Undisputed that Jack Ruby was at home asleep then he got dressed
145:25 was at home asleep then he got dressed and drove downtown the receipt shows
145:28 and drove downtown the receipt shows that Ruby was sending a money order to
145:30 that Ruby was sending a money order to one of his strippers from a Western
145:31 one of his strippers from a Western Union office across from the courthouse
145:33 Union office across from the courthouse at 11:17 a.m. we know that at 11:20 3
145:38 at 11:17 a.m. we know that at 11:20 3 minutes later a block away Jack Ruby
145:41 minutes later a block away Jack Ruby killed Lee Harvey Oswell the evidence
145:43 killed Lee Harvey Oswell the evidence showed that he had down there anywhere
145:45 showed that he had down there anywhere from 5 to 15 seconds 5 to 15 seconds and
145:50 from 5 to 15 seconds 5 to 15 seconds and this is a hired assassin who is supposed
145:52 this is a hired assassin who is supposed to have some Advanced information he is
145:55 to have some Advanced information he is the world's best
146:06 timer what type of man is he uh Jack is a very emotional type person and uh as I
146:09 a very emotional type person and uh as I was saying a while ago he's a type man
146:11 was saying a while ago he's a type man that probably would give you the shirt
146:12 that probably would give you the shirt off his back at one moment and then turn
146:14 off his back at one moment and then turn around and do something as nutty as this
146:15 around and do something as nutty as this and the next I never used the term angry
146:19 and the next I never used the term angry that's not on my Vo Hadler he was known
146:22 that's not on my Vo Hadler he was known for a quick temper and later as it
146:26 for a quick temper and later as it turned out he was hooked on two kinds of
146:29 turned out he was hooked on two kinds of speed preludin and benzidine at the time
146:32 speed preludin and benzidine at the time of the
146:33 of the shooting he had uh been here at the
146:36 shooting he had uh been here at the police station uh during the past two
146:38 police station uh during the past two days talking with newsmen and uh
146:40 days talking with newsmen and uh Distributing his card and also making
146:42 Distributing his card and also making friends Jack Ruby was a police and media
146:46 friends Jack Ruby was a police and media groupy Ruby thought he was our friend so
146:49 groupy Ruby thought he was our friend so I'm in this very same room Friday night
146:52 I'm in this very same room Friday night when we had the defendant up here if
146:54 when we had the defendant up here if some of you will recall he asked a
146:56 some of you will recall he asked a question from out here in the audience
146:58 question from out here in the audience he standing right back here and I didn't
146:59 he standing right back here and I didn't know who he was I thought he was a
147:00 know who he was I thought he was a member of the press and he told me as we
147:03 member of the press and he told me as we walked out of here that he was a
147:05 walked out of here that he was a nightclub operator here Ruby's Act was
147:08 nightclub operator here Ruby's Act was that of a vigilante he wanted nothing
147:10 that of a vigilante he wanted nothing more to be known you know people to
147:12 more to be known you know people to flock to his nightclub to shake the hand
147:15 flock to his nightclub to shake the hand of the man who killed the man who killed
147:17 of the man who killed the man who killed the president I might add
147:20 the president I might add if Ruby silenced Oswell for the mob who
147:23 if Ruby silenced Oswell for the mob who was supposed to silence Jack Ruby he
147:26 was supposed to silence Jack Ruby he died of normal causes or 3 years
147:29 died of normal causes or 3 years later now one would think that the
147:33 later now one would think that the conspiracy Community would fold its tent
147:35 conspiracy Community would fold its tent and go home but they continued undaunted
147:39 and go home but they continued undaunted and unfaced with this Obsession their
147:42 and unfaced with this Obsession their game is to fool
147:44 game is to fool you these people want the investigation
147:48 you these people want the investigation stopped they don't want a trial at all
147:52 stopped they don't want a trial at all please believe
147:53 please believe [Music]
147:56 [Music] me but the most recent most spectacular
147:59 me but the most recent most spectacular development in the oswood case involves
148:01 development in the oswood case involves the CIA it involves too the spectacular
148:05 the CIA it involves too the spectacular district attorney of New Orleans a man
148:07 district attorney of New Orleans a man they call the Jolly Green Giant do you
148:11 they call the Jolly Green Giant do you believe that Lee Harvey Oswald did not
148:14 believe that Lee Harvey Oswald did not shoot President Kennedy I don't want to
148:16 shoot President Kennedy I don't want to get involved in the uh speculations as
148:18 get involved in the uh speculations as individuals but I will say that there's
148:21 individuals but I will say that there's no question about the fact that there
148:23 no question about the fact that there there was a plot and there were a number
148:25 there was a plot and there were a number of individuals involved in 196 7 he
148:29 of individuals involved in 196 7 he announced I've solved the case I found
148:33 announced I've solved the case I found the Rio assassin we will make arrest
148:36 the Rio assassin we will make arrest based on that and we will make charges
148:38 based on that and we will make charges based on that and we will obtain
148:40 based on that and we will obtain convictions based on that now you
148:42 convictions based on that now you wouldn't have paid much attention to
148:43 wouldn't have paid much attention to this except he was the district attorney
148:47 this except he was the district attorney of New Orleans
148:49 of New Orleans [Music]
148:50 [Music] I've spent hour after hour with Jim
148:53 I've spent hour after hour with Jim Garrison he has presented his case to me
148:56 Garrison he has presented his case to me detail by detail the mark lanes and the
148:59 detail by detail the mark lanes and the conspiracy theorists all flocked
149:01 conspiracy theorists all flocked initially to Garrison and I can report
149:04 initially to Garrison and I can report that a powerful domestic force a force
149:08 that a powerful domestic force a force that is still part of the American
149:10 that is still part of the American structure planned and initiated those
149:14 structure planned and initiated those acts that resulted in the assassination
149:17 acts that resulted in the assassination of President Kennedy they all thought
149:19 of President Kennedy they all thought here's a guy who's finally going to
149:21 here's a guy who's finally going to bring the case that we've been you know
149:24 bring the case that we've been you know arguing about for years if I seem some
149:26 arguing about for years if I seem some quite confident it is because our office
149:29 quite confident it is because our office is in its fifth year and has never lost
149:31 is in its fifth year and has never lost a murder case the Press initially builds
149:34 a murder case the Press initially builds Garrison up cuz everybody believes no
149:37 Garrison up cuz everybody believes no district attorney in his right mind
149:39 district attorney in his right mind would do this unless he had
149:42 would do this unless he had [Music]
149:46 [Music] something arrested this evening in the
149:48 something arrested this evening in the district attorney's office was is Clay
149:50 district attorney's office was is Clay Shaw age 54 of 13313 darine Street New
149:54 Shaw age 54 of 13313 darine Street New Orleans
149:55 Orleans Louisiana Mr Shaw will be charged with
149:58 Louisiana Mr Shaw will be charged with participation in a conspiracy to murder
150:01 participation in a conspiracy to murder John F
150:02 John F Kennedy the charges filed against me
150:05 Kennedy the charges filed against me have no foundation in fact or in law I
150:08 have no foundation in fact or in law I have not been apprised of the basis of
150:09 have not been apprised of the basis of these fantastic charges and assume that
150:12 these fantastic charges and assume that in due course I'll be furnished with
150:13 in due course I'll be furnished with this information and will be afforded an
150:15 this information and will be afforded an opportunity to prove my
150:17 opportunity to prove my innocence clro is a very well respected
150:20 innocence clro is a very well respected businessman in New Orleans he had been a
150:23 businessman in New Orleans he had been a distinguished Soldier during World War
150:25 distinguished Soldier during World War II I knew claya and the concept of Clay
150:29 II I knew claya and the concept of Clay Shaw as being part of an assassination
150:32 Shaw as being part of an assassination conspiracy which is too weird to be
150:34 conspiracy which is too weird to be believed Clay Shaw was also
150:37 believed Clay Shaw was also homosexual and closeted and I think that
150:40 homosexual and closeted and I think that played a part this decision to arrest
150:44 played a part this decision to arrest Clay Shaw I believe was intended to get
150:47 Clay Shaw I believe was intended to get the national media back to town as soon
150:50 the national media back to town as soon as he arrested Clay Shaw they all came
150:52 as he arrested Clay Shaw they all came back and then they realized the truth
150:55 back and then they realized the truth that there isn't anything there Garrison
150:57 that there isn't anything there Garrison has based his case on a certainty that
150:59 has based his case on a certainty that he can prove Clay Shaw is clay or Clen
151:03 he can prove Clay Shaw is clay or Clen Bertrand the name Clen berand was first
151:05 Bertrand the name Clen berand was first introduced by a lawyer named Dean
151:07 introduced by a lawyer named Dean Andrews who told the Warren Commission a
151:09 Andrews who told the Warren Commission a person by that name telephoned him
151:11 person by that name telephoned him suggesting he provide legal defense for
151:13 suggesting he provide legal defense for Le oswal Dean had described Clen bertran
151:17 Le oswal Dean had described Clen bertran as having gay tendency and representing
151:21 as having gay tendency and representing uh gays as a lawyer therefore Garrison
151:25 uh gays as a lawyer therefore Garrison believed Clen bertran must be Clay Shaw
151:29 believed Clen bertran must be Clay Shaw that was the extent of Garrison's
151:34 that was the extent of Garrison's investigation do you have enough
151:36 investigation do you have enough evidence now to go to trial well if uh
151:39 evidence now to go to trial well if uh if I answered that uh I shouldn't be
151:41 if I answered that uh I shouldn't be district attorney the case he has built
151:43 district attorney the case he has built against playay Shaw is based on
151:45 against playay Shaw is based on testimony that did not pass a lie
151:47 testimony that did not pass a lie detector test that Garrison ordered and
151:49 detector test that Garrison ordered and Garrison knew it can you say positively
151:52 Garrison knew it can you say positively that the person you knew is Clay Beren
151:55 that the person you knew is Clay Beren is not the person you have seen is Clay
151:56 is not the person you have seen is Clay shy Scout Anor he is not Garrison
152:00 shy Scout Anor he is not Garrison started bribing Witnesses intimidating
152:03 started bribing Witnesses intimidating Witnesses he said I could be made to uh
152:05 Witnesses he said I could be made to uh serve this whole 90e
152:07 serve this whole 90e sentence or I could be got loose right
152:10 sentence or I could be got loose right away hypnotizing Witnesses we decided to
152:14 away hypnotizing Witnesses we decided to give him objectifying uh Machinery to
152:16 give him objectifying uh Machinery to make sure he was telling the truth
152:24 Leon does Leon have a last name would you say these methods were
152:27 name would you say these methods were illegal I would say very illegal and
152:29 illegal I would say very illegal and unethical and he had everyone in their
152:31 unethical and he had everyone in their grandmother involved in the
152:33 grandmother involved in the assassination one time was oil
152:35 assassination one time was oil millionaires then it was the Minutemen
152:38 millionaires then it was the Minutemen then it was a homosexual killing yes sir
152:41 then it was a homosexual killing yes sir uh do you feel that homosexuality or
152:43 uh do you feel that homosexuality or coercion through homosexuality was a
152:45 coercion through homosexuality was a factor in the planning or the
152:46 factor in the planning or the assassination John Kennedy no comment
152:49 assassination John Kennedy no comment there one point he had 16 assassins in D
152:51 there one point he had 16 assassins in D Plaza with that many assassins I don't
152:54 Plaza with that many assassins I don't know how Kennedy made it to the autopsy
152:55 know how Kennedy made it to the autopsy table Garrison announced he had
152:57 table Garrison announced he had discovered a code Garrison says Jack
152:59 discovered a code Garrison says Jack Ruby's unlisted telephone number appears
153:02 Ruby's unlisted telephone number appears in address books belonging to Shaw and
153:04 in address books belonging to Shaw and Oswald so you take the p and the O and
153:07 Oswald so you take the p and the O and you use a telephone dial P gives you
153:09 you use a telephone dial P gives you seven o gives you six he just changed
153:12 seven o gives you six he just changed the digits around added digits added
153:15 the digits around added digits added letters and you reconstruct the numbers
153:17 letters and you reconstruct the numbers and and that and then you subtract 1300
153:20 and and that and then you subtract 1300 and that gives you rubi's unlisted
153:22 and that gives you rubi's unlisted telephone number well Mr Garrison if the
153:24 telephone number well Mr Garrison if the PO didn't exist until late 65 how could
153:27 PO didn't exist until late 65 how could it then be Jack Ruby's phone number well
153:29 it then be Jack Ruby's phone number well that's a problem for you to think over
153:31 that's a problem for you to think over because you obviously missed the point
153:32 because you obviously missed the point whenever anyone would expose Garrison he
153:35 whenever anyone would expose Garrison he would then say the CIA agents is is part
153:38 would then say the CIA agents is is part of the conspiracy who's suppressing all
153:40 of the conspiracy who's suppressing all of this information on Whose order I'll
153:42 of this information on Whose order I'll tell you who's suppressing it the
153:44 tell you who's suppressing it the federal government is suppressing it who
153:46 federal government is suppressing it who in the federal government the
153:47 in the federal government the administration the administration of
153:50 administration the administration of your government is suppressing it
153:51 your government is suppressing it because they know that the Central
153:53 because they know that the Central Intelligence Agency on Whose
153:55 Intelligence Agency on Whose order on the order of the president of
153:58 order on the order of the president of the United States Mr Garrison has come
154:00 the United States Mr Garrison has come up with no credible evidence to support
154:03 up with no credible evidence to support any of his theories I think that it is
154:06 any of his theories I think that it is unfortunate that the media of this
154:08 unfortunate that the media of this country uh has become so hysterical for
154:11 country uh has become so hysterical for fear of what it might see that it spends
154:13 fear of what it might see that it spends a good deal of its time and energy
154:15 a good deal of its time and energy attacking the one serious investigation
154:18 attacking the one serious investigation the results of his four months of public
154:19 the results of his four months of public public investigation have been to damage
154:21 public investigation have been to damage reputations to spread fear and suspicion
154:23 reputations to spread fear and suspicion and worst of all to exploit the nation's
154:25 and worst of all to exploit the nation's sorrow and doubts about President
154:27 sorrow and doubts about President Kennedy's death I can't make any more
154:29 Kennedy's death I can't make any more comments about the case except to say
154:31 comments about the case except to say anybody that thinks it's just a theory
154:33 anybody that thinks it's just a theory is going to be awfully surprised when it
154:35 is going to be awfully surprised when it comes Tri roll one sound on film Clay
154:38 comes Tri roll one sound on film Clay Shaw
154:45 trial Clay Shaw came to court in good spirits today with his long awaited
154:47 spirits today with his long awaited trial underway Shaw seems almost
154:48 trial underway Shaw seems almost relieved that his cases finally being
154:51 relieved that his cases finally being heard Shaw sits quietly in this
154:53 heard Shaw sits quietly in this Courthouse chain smoking cigarettes he
154:55 Courthouse chain smoking cigarettes he does not react when the state talks
154:57 does not react when the state talks about things like conspiracy the trial
155:00 about things like conspiracy the trial went on for 6 weeks it's important to
155:02 went on for 6 weeks it's important to note that not one witness produced by
155:07 note that not one witness produced by Garrison survived
155:09 Garrison survived cross-examination they were all proven
155:11 cross-examination they were all proven to be unreliable at best it's the most
155:14 to be unreliable at best it's the most shameful thing you've ever seen everyone
155:16 shameful thing you've ever seen everyone knew in the courtroom that Clay Shaw
155:19 knew in the courtroom that Clay Shaw couldn't possibly have been more
155:21 couldn't possibly have been more innocent in a unanimous Verdict by a
155:24 innocent in a unanimous Verdict by a 12-man jury sha was found not guilty of
155:27 12-man jury sha was found not guilty of charges that he conspired to kill the
155:29 charges that he conspired to kill the late President John
155:38 Kennedy Why did you do it after the not-guilty verdict
155:41 it after the not-guilty verdict editorials around the country says one
155:43 editorials around the country says one of the darkest chapters in American
155:45 of the darkest chapters in American jurist Prudence history it's just a
155:47 jurist Prudence history it's just a crime from what I saw and heard I didn't
155:51 crime from what I saw and heard I didn't think he had proven claw's guilt Beyond
155:53 think he had proven claw's guilt Beyond a reasonable doubt I would have voted
155:56 a reasonable doubt I would have voted not guilty for claya I think that
155:58 not guilty for claya I think that Garrison feels that The end justifies
156:02 Garrison feels that The end justifies the means and he felt that if he could
156:04 the means and he felt that if he could bring to the American people what he
156:07 bring to the American people what he considered the truth about the death of
156:08 considered the truth about the death of their president any means whatsoever was
156:11 their president any means whatsoever was supposed to be used and it doesn't
156:12 supposed to be used and it doesn't matter much who got hurt in the process
156:14 matter much who got hurt in the process I would sum it up by
156:16 I would sum it up by saying that any society which allows a
156:20 saying that any society which allows a man like Jack Kennedy to have the top of
156:23 man like Jack Kennedy to have the top of his head torn off and then protects the
156:27 his head torn off and then protects the assassins and obstructs any inquiry and
156:31 assassins and obstructs any inquiry and attempt to find the truth is not a great
156:42 society information concerning the cause of the death of your president has been
156:44 of the death of your president has been withheld from
156:46 withheld from you to show you how uncredible the
156:49 you to show you how uncredible the conspiracy theorists are over the last
156:51 conspiracy theorists are over the last 50 years at one time or another they
156:54 50 years at one time or another they have accused 42 groups 82 assassins and
156:59 have accused 42 groups 82 assassins and 214 people of being involved in the
157:02 214 people of being involved in the assassination could oswal really have
157:05 assassination could oswal really have done this as a reporter you know the
157:07 done this as a reporter you know the greatest story for us would have been to
157:10 greatest story for us would have been to find out somebody other than oswal did
157:12 find out somebody other than oswal did it and we tried hard to do that but at
157:14 it and we tried hard to do that but at every turn with the Kennedy
157:16 every turn with the Kennedy assassination things pointed to Oswell
157:19 assassination things pointed to Oswell as not only only a shooter but the
157:21 as not only only a shooter but the shooter and the only
157:30 shooter at its core this is a very simple
157:31 simple case I uh I don't know what this is all
157:34 case I uh I don't know what this is all about if a person is innocent of a crime
157:36 about if a person is innocent of a crime chances are there's not going to be any
157:38 chances are there's not going to be any evidence pointing toward his guilt why
157:39 evidence pointing toward his guilt why because he's innocent but with oswal the
157:42 because he's innocent but with oswal the physical evidence the direct and
157:44 physical evidence the direct and circumstantial evidence scientific
157:45 circumstantial evidence scientific evidence everything points towards his
157:48 evidence everything points towards his guilt
157:50 guilt we'll never know why Lee Harvey Oswald
157:53 we'll never know why Lee Harvey Oswald killed Kennedy because he's dead but
157:55 killed Kennedy because he's dead but there are certain things we do know at
157:58 there are certain things we do know at the age of 13 a probation officer said
158:01 the age of 13 a probation officer said he remembered Oswald as a truant a
158:03 he remembered Oswald as a truant a troubled boy in need of psychiatric help
158:05 troubled boy in need of psychiatric help without which he might turn violent
158:07 without which he might turn violent after starting in high school he
158:09 after starting in high school he promptly joined the Marine oswal's
158:11 promptly joined the Marine oswal's Marine career ended in 1959 when he was
158:14 Marine career ended in 1959 when he was dishonorably discharged a month later he
158:17 dishonorably discharged a month later he was in Moscow where he announced his
158:19 was in Moscow where he announced his decision to renounce his American
158:21 decision to renounce his American citizenship are you a Marxist I would
158:23 citizenship are you a Marxist I would very definitely say that I uh I uh am a
158:26 very definitely say that I uh I uh am a Marxist that is correct but that that
158:28 Marxist that is correct but that that does not mean hard that I'm a communist
158:30 does not mean hard that I'm a communist he desperately wants to become a Soviet
158:32 he desperately wants to become a Soviet citizen he wants to renounce his
158:34 citizen he wants to renounce his American citizenship they turn him down
158:37 American citizenship they turn him down what does he do he slashes his wrist
158:39 what does he do he slashes his wrist tries to commit
158:45 suicide Lee Harvey Oswald had these dreams or delusions that he' been
158:47 dreams or delusions that he' been harboring for a long time of an act that
158:50 harboring for a long time of an act that would lift him from his obscurity a
158:53 would lift him from his obscurity a squad made of his in the
158:56 squad made of his in the Marines said that Oswald wanted to do
158:58 Marines said that Oswald wanted to do something that 10,000 years from now
159:01 something that 10,000 years from now people would be talking about it looked
159:03 people would be talking about it looked to me like a a an irra stupid irrational
159:08 to me like a a an irra stupid irrational act the opportunity presented itself to
159:10 act the opportunity presented itself to him and he probably wanted to make a
159:11 him and he probably wanted to make a mark on society by suddenly occurred to
159:14 mark on society by suddenly occurred to him that he could people who think
159:16 him that he could people who think Oswald was sort of a py in in such an
159:19 Oswald was sort of a py in in such an ineffectual innocent person forgot that
159:22 ineffectual innocent person forgot that when oswal was stopped by a police car
159:24 when oswal was stopped by a police car and a policeman gets out unarmed to talk
159:26 and a policeman gets out unarmed to talk to him oswal shoots him four time in the
159:28 to him oswal shoots him four time in the middle of the body that plus his his
159:31 middle of the body that plus his his previous attempt on General Walker
159:34 previous attempt on General Walker interestingly in Saturday morning in the
159:37 interestingly in Saturday morning in the Dallas Morning News it said that there
159:40 Dallas Morning News it said that there may be a connection between this guy who
159:42 may be a connection between this guy who was just arrested for killing a police
159:44 was just arrested for killing a police officer and President Kennedy and this
159:48 officer and President Kennedy and this effort to
159:50 effort to assassinate General Walker back in
159:53 assassinate General Walker back in April oswal used to attend a small
159:57 April oswal used to attend a small discussion group and he began to rail
160:00 discussion group and he began to rail against this right-wing general Edwin
160:03 against this right-wing general Edwin Walker who was calling for the invasion
160:06 Walker who was calling for the invasion of Cuba General Walker was about as
160:09 of Cuba General Walker was about as right-wing as you got in the early 60s
160:12 right-wing as you got in the early 60s and Oswald saw Walker is a American
160:14 and Oswald saw Walker is a American Adolf Hitler and oswal said someone
160:17 Adolf Hitler and oswal said someone should kill Walker
160:20 should kill Walker he then ordered a rifle with a sniper
160:22 he then ordered a rifle with a sniper scope and he planned very
160:25 scope and he planned very meticulously his assassination of
160:27 meticulously his assassination of General Walker he took photographs from
160:30 General Walker he took photographs from different angles he figured out how to
160:32 different angles he figured out how to get his rifle there and how to escape on
160:35 get his rifle there and how to escape on March 31st a
160:37 March 31st a Sunday he asked Marina to come out and
160:41 Sunday he asked Marina to come out and take his
160:42 take his photograph all in black pistol rifle in
160:46 photograph all in black pistol rifle in his hand holding a few radical
160:49 his hand holding a few radical newspapers and Marina writes on the back
160:52 newspapers and Marina writes on the back Hunter of fascists and dates it
160:57 Hunter of fascists and dates it April 6
161:00 April 6 1963 and then he went on the night of
161:02 1963 and then he went on the night of the 10th of April took up his place and
161:06 the 10th of April took up his place and shot at General Walker he come in the
161:09 shot at General Walker he come in the house
161:12 house 11:30 he was so pale nervous and then
161:16 11:30 he was so pale nervous and then talk I said what happened with him and
161:18 talk I said what happened with him and he said he told I tried to
161:21 he said he told I tried to shed General Walker General will you
161:25 shed General Walker General will you describe for us just what happened last
161:27 describe for us just what happened last night rifle shot was fired into the
161:29 night rifle shot was fired into the house fired through the West
161:31 house fired through the West window and hit the cell and hit the wall
161:35 window and hit the cell and hit the wall across the room and went over the desk
161:37 across the room and went over the desk at which I was
161:38 at which I was sitting he was very disappointed to find
161:42 sitting he was very disappointed to find out that he missed by less than an inch
161:45 out that he missed by less than an inch it shows his ability to plan who Target
161:48 it shows his ability to plan who Target was and that Oswald was capable of
161:52 was and that Oswald was capable of violence I think that was kind of the
161:54 violence I think that was kind of the Rosetta Stone that if you
161:57 Rosetta Stone that if you understood the Walker
162:00 understood the Walker shooting you understood that Lee was
162:03 shooting you understood that Lee was like a cocked rifle and he could go off
162:06 like a cocked rifle and he could go off any time
162:29 what fed the conspiracy notion about the Kennedy assassination among many
162:31 Kennedy assassination among many Americans was a sheer incongruity of the
162:34 Americans was a sheer incongruity of the affair all that power and Majesty wiped
162:36 affair all that power and Majesty wiped out in an instant by one skinny weak
162:39 out in an instant by one skinny weak chinned little character
162:59 [Music] it is true that the answers to some
163:01 it is true that the answers to some questions leave us Restless the theory
163:03 questions leave us Restless the theory that a single bullet struck down both
163:05 that a single bullet struck down both the president and the governor for
163:06 the president and the governor for example has too much of the long arm of
163:09 example has too much of the long arm of coincidence about it for us to be
163:11 coincidence about it for us to be entirely
163:13 entirely comfortable it doesn't satisfy our sense
163:15 comfortable it doesn't satisfy our sense of narrative or Justice that a small
163:18 of narrative or Justice that a small person of no distinction can be of such
163:21 person of no distinction can be of such historical consequences to kill the
163:23 historical consequences to kill the president of the United
163:24 president of the United States but would we be more comfortable
163:28 States but would we be more comfortable believing that a shot was fired by a
163:29 believing that a shot was fired by a Second Assassin who materialized out of
163:32 Second Assassin who materialized out of thin air for the purpose fired a shot
163:35 thin air for the purpose fired a shot and then vanished again Into Thin Air
163:38 and then vanished again Into Thin Air leaving behind no trace of himself his
163:40 leaving behind no trace of himself his rifle his bullet or any other sign of
163:44 rifle his bullet or any other sign of existence there were two groups of
163:47 existence there were two groups of people there's one group that will look
163:49 people there's one group that will look at an extraordinary coincidence a
163:52 at an extraordinary coincidence a cataclysmic circumstance and say yes
163:55 cataclysmic circumstance and say yes that's the way the world works there's
163:57 that's the way the world works there's another group of people for whom that's
163:58 another group of people for whom that's quite unsettling they don't want to
164:01 quite unsettling they don't want to believe that something so Random could
164:04 believe that something so Random could have occurred can you believe that you
164:07 have occurred can you believe that you could step off a curb someday and be
164:09 could step off a curb someday and be killed by a oncoming car nobody believes
164:13 killed by a oncoming car nobody believes in that kind of possibility for
164:15 in that kind of possibility for themselves but it happens is life that
164:18 themselves but it happens is life that for to with us that
164:20 for to with us that uncertain and for them oddly the notion
164:24 uncertain and for them oddly the notion of a conspiracy is more comforting than
164:27 of a conspiracy is more comforting than the absence of it because if there's a
164:29 the absence of it because if there's a conspiracy at least there's a plan I
164:32 conspiracy at least there's a plan I think the uh five bullets fired from at
164:35 think the uh five bullets fired from at least two different directions the
164:36 least two different directions the result of a conspiracy Kennedy's killing
164:40 result of a conspiracy Kennedy's killing touches off a belief in the idea you
164:44 touches off a belief in the idea you can't trust government there has been a
164:46 can't trust government there has been a loss of morale a loss of confidence
164:49 loss of morale a loss of confidence among the American people toward their
164:50 among the American people toward their own government and the men who serve it
164:53 own government and the men who serve it and that is perhaps more wounding than
164:55 and that is perhaps more wounding than the assassination itself they've lost so
164:58 the assassination itself they've lost so much faith in government that they
165:00 much faith in government that they actually think that the government is an
165:03 actually think that the government is an accessory after the fact to the
165:05 accessory after the fact to the president's murder can't get too much
165:07 president's murder can't get too much worse than
165:08 worse than that the
165:11 that the assassination changed the trajectory of
165:14 assassination changed the trajectory of the
165:20 60s America was a different place on the day before John F Kennedy was killed so
165:23 day before John F Kennedy was killed so when you look at this America as a whole
165:26 when you look at this America as a whole in the 20th century you look at America
165:30 in the 20th century you look at America in the 60s you really say that day was
165:34 in the 60s you really say that day was the
165:40 dividing I guess in the average man's life there are two or three emotional
165:43 life there are two or three emotional experiences that he he doesn't forget
165:45 experiences that he he doesn't forget because they're burned into his his
165:47 because they're burned into his his heart and his brain and no matter what
165:50 heart and his brain and no matter what happens to me I remember November the
165:52 happens to me I remember November the 22nd as long as I live and uh it's
165:55 22nd as long as I live and uh it's impossible for me now to this day and
165:57 impossible for me now to this day and I'm sure 10 years from now to drive to
166:01 I'm sure 10 years from now to drive to Dallas without looking at the sixth
166:02 Dallas without looking at the sixth floor of the school Book Depository
166:04 floor of the school Book Depository building and it's impossible for me to
166:06 building and it's impossible for me to drive by the Texas Hotel today and not
166:09 drive by the Texas Hotel today and not think of that morning when President
166:11 think of that morning when President Kennedy spoke there it will always be
166:13 Kennedy spoke there it will always be with
166:14 with us Kennedy alongside of the other
166:17 us Kennedy alongside of the other presidents Johnson Nixon Gerald Ford
166:22 presidents Johnson Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter Reagan the two bushes even
166:26 Jimmy Carter Reagan the two bushes even Bill Clinton people they don't remember
166:29 Bill Clinton people they don't remember what they did but they remember their
166:30 what they did but they remember their rhetoric and they remember the images
166:33 rhetoric and they remember the images ask not what your country can do for you
166:38 ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country
166:41 ask what you can do for your country this is what people wish for again in
166:44 this is what people wish for again in the government they want someone who
166:46 the government they want someone who inspires them who gives them hope for
166:49 inspires them who gives them hope for whom they have a kind of
166:51 whom they have a kind of admiration Kennedy's standing hold on
166:54 admiration Kennedy's standing hold on the public I think will only fade if and
166:57 the public I think will only fade if and when we get another president about whom
167:00 when we get another president about whom they feel the same way as they currently
167:02 they feel the same way as they currently feel about
167:04 feel about [Music]
167:07 [Music] Kennedy Thursday on the
167:14 60s being nobody's right if everybody's
167:18 being nobody's right if everybody's wrong
167:23 young people speak in their mind are getting so much
167:27 mind are getting so much resistance from behind we sto hey what's
167:32 resistance from behind we sto hey what's that sound everybody look what's down
167:37 that sound everybody look what's down [Music]
167:54 it is a mixture of pretty scenery and ugly events Vietnam reports today of the
167:57 ugly events Vietnam reports today of the bloodiest fighting in almost a
168:05 year we will not surrender and we will not
168:07 not Retreat think you can win oh I know we
168:09 Retreat think you can win oh I know we can win these people are being killed
168:11 can win these people are being killed they're being killed wi the United
168:14 they're being killed wi the United States must stop this bloody aggression
168:19 States must stop this bloody aggression God we're in the middle
168:21 God we're in the middle [Music]
169:15 ladies and gentlemen the president of the United
169:17 the United States it was just a year ago that you
169:19 States it was just a year ago that you ought have stepped up Aid to Vietnam
169:21 ought have stepped up Aid to Vietnam there seems to be a good deal of
169:23 there seems to be a good deal of discouragement about the progress can
169:25 discouragement about the progress can you give us your assessment no we are
169:27 you give us your assessment no we are putting in a major effort in Vietnam as
169:29 putting in a major effort in Vietnam as you know we have have about 10 or 11
169:31 you know we have have about 10 or 11 times as many advisors there as we had a
169:33 times as many advisors there as we had a year ago so we don't see the end of the
169:36 year ago so we don't see the end of the tunnel but uh I must say I don't think
169:37 tunnel but uh I must say I don't think it's uh darker than it was a year ago in
169:39 it's uh darker than it was a year ago in some ways lighter early on Kennedy made
169:42 some ways lighter early on Kennedy made a Command Decision we will not allow
169:46 a Command Decision we will not allow South Vietnam to fall to the Comming
169:54 in Southeast Asia communist inspired subversion was unrelenting South Vietnam
169:57 subversion was unrelenting South Vietnam looked to others for assistance in
169:59 looked to others for assistance in stemming North Vietnamese aggression
170:02 stemming North Vietnamese aggression going back to the Eisenhower
170:03 going back to the Eisenhower Administration in the late 50s the
170:06 Administration in the late 50s the country split into South and North
170:09 country split into South and North Vietnam you have the Communists in the
170:11 Vietnam you have the Communists in the north and so the United States is very
170:14 north and so the United States is very eager to preserve the south from a
170:16 eager to preserve the south from a communist takeover the communist North
170:19 communist takeover the communist North Vietnamese believed in nationalism
170:21 Vietnamese believed in nationalism uniting their country under their own
170:25 uniting their country under their own control the Cold War conspiracy was that
170:28 control the Cold War conspiracy was that if the Vietnamese Communists won the war
170:30 if the Vietnamese Communists won the war in Vietnam all of Southeast Asia would
170:32 in Vietnam all of Southeast Asia would fall The Dominoes would fall one after
170:34 fall The Dominoes would fall one after another there is no doubt that the fall
170:37 another there is no doubt that the fall of South Vietnam would have serious
170:39 of South Vietnam would have serious repercussions on the other countries of
170:41 repercussions on the other countries of Southeast Asia this is fundamentally the
170:44 Southeast Asia this is fundamentally the reason why we're in South Vietnam after
170:47 reason why we're in South Vietnam after all Eastern Europe is Fallen to
170:49 all Eastern Europe is Fallen to Communism China has fallen to Communism
170:51 Communism China has fallen to Communism we can't lose southeast Asia so we have
170:54 we can't lose southeast Asia so we have to stabilize South
171:05 Vietnam on January 2nd 1963 South Vietnamese troops surprise a Viet Kong
171:07 Vietnamese troops surprise a Viet Kong Battalion at a village called
171:16 ATB five American helicopters are shot down three American ad are killed 63
171:21 down three American ad are killed 63 South Vietnamese die half of them
171:23 South Vietnamese die half of them shooting at each other we've got US
171:25 shooting at each other we've got US military advisers flying combat missions
171:28 military advisers flying combat missions we've got advisors that are accompanying
171:31 we've got advisors that are accompanying South Vietnamese forces into the field
171:33 South Vietnamese forces into the field so by this point their role had gone
171:35 so by this point their role had gone beyond simply
171:37 beyond simply advising we have learned a bitter lesson
171:40 advising we have learned a bitter lesson the army of South Vietnam cannot cope
171:42 the army of South Vietnam cannot cope with the Viet Kong committed Guerilla
171:44 with the Viet Kong committed Guerilla enemy it is trained for conventional War
171:47 enemy it is trained for conventional War American St
171:49 American St there is growing uncertainty about
171:52 there is growing uncertainty about whether the advisory effort is really
171:54 whether the advisory effort is really working then in the midst of this
171:56 working then in the midst of this there's What's called the Buddhist
171:58 there's What's called the Buddhist crisis the war in Vietnam has literally
172:01 crisis the war in Vietnam has literally become a fight on two fronts on one hand
172:03 become a fight on two fronts on one hand the government faces the Viet Kong
172:05 the government faces the Viet Kong Communists and on the other hand it
172:07 Communists and on the other hand it faces a Revolt of the Buddhist majority
172:09 faces a Revolt of the Buddhist majority a fight which has been joined by
172:11 a fight which has been joined by thousands of
172:12 thousands of students the country's Buddhist majority
172:15 students the country's Buddhist majority sees president ym as a tyrant
172:19 sees president ym as a tyrant we had established a government in South
172:22 we had established a government in South Vietnam led by a western educated
172:26 Vietnam led by a western educated Catholic named GM GM was our boy but an
172:31 Catholic named GM GM was our boy but an absolute power corrupts and ZM becomes
172:33 absolute power corrupts and ZM becomes the
172:34 the [Applause]
172:36 [Applause] dictator so you have a Catholic presence
172:39 dictator so you have a Catholic presence imposing itself on a Buddhist majority
172:42 imposing itself on a Buddhist majority and now they're going after the
172:45 and now they're going after the [Applause]
172:46 [Applause] Buddhists soldiers and police broke up
172:49 Buddhists soldiers and police broke up the demonstrations and killed nine
172:57 persons a debate broke out in the American government over whether we
172:59 American government over whether we should continue to support CM or Not by
173:02 should continue to support CM or Not by the summer of
173:04 the summer of 1963 there have been discussions in the
173:07 1963 there have been discussions in the CIA in the Pentagon about topplings the
173:10 CIA in the Pentagon about topplings the M
173:17 regime Mr President has our government in any way been tardy in recognizing the
173:21 in any way been tardy in recognizing the the nature of the Sam government we are
173:23 the nature of the Sam government we are faced with a problem of wanting to
173:24 faced with a problem of wanting to protect the area against the Communists
173:26 protect the area against the Communists and the other hand we have to deal with
173:27 and the other hand we have to deal with the governments there that produces a
173:29 the governments there that produces a kind
173:29 kind of ambivalence uh in our efforts
173:35 of ambivalence uh in our efforts which expose us to some criticism Mr
173:38 which expose us to some criticism Mr President in the last 48 hours there
173:40 President in the last 48 hours there have been a great many conflicting
173:41 have been a great many conflicting reports from there about what the CIA
173:43 reports from there about what the CIA was up to could you give us any
173:45 was up to could you give us any Enlightenment on that no I don't think
173:47 Enlightenment on that no I don't think so okay
173:50 so okay this is an NBC special news report the
173:53 this is an NBC special news report the government of South Vietnam has been
173:55 government of South Vietnam has been overthrown by a military
174:02 coup now this happens with our understanding and knowledge and then
174:05 our understanding and knowledge and then the president of South Vietnam is shot
174:08 the president of South Vietnam is shot and killed by a cabal of South
174:10 and killed by a cabal of South Vietnamese
174:12 Vietnamese generals once the US had led the coup to
174:16 generals once the US had led the coup to get rid of ZM Kennedy realized that the
174:19 get rid of ZM Kennedy realized that the United States had finally bitten
174:22 United States had finally bitten into a bad
174:25 into a bad apple Monday November 4th
174:29 apple Monday November 4th 1963 over the weekend the coup and
174:31 1963 over the weekend the coup and Saigon took
174:33 Saigon took place I uh feel that we must bear a good
174:38 place I uh feel that we must bear a good deal of responsibility for it I uh
174:41 deal of responsibility for it I uh should not have given my consent to it
174:43 should not have given my consent to it without a Roundtable
174:45 without a Roundtable conference I was uh
174:49 conference I was uh shocked by the death of Zim the way he
174:52 shocked by the death of Zim the way he was killed made it
174:54 was killed made it particularly
175:05 abhorent when that assassination took place we owned it it actually started
175:09 place we owned it it actually started that early in the 60s in the Kennedy
175:16 administration when Kennedy came into office January of 1961
175:19 office January of 1961 you had on the order of about 600 uh US
175:22 you had on the order of about 600 uh US military advisers uh in South Vietnam by
175:25 military advisers uh in South Vietnam by the time he left on that fateful trip to
175:27 the time he left on that fateful trip to Dallas in November 1963 there were more
175:30 Dallas in November 1963 there were more than
175:43 [Music] 16,000 John Kennedy's death commands
175:46 16,000 John Kennedy's death commands what his life conveys
175:50 what his life conveys that America must move
175:52 that America must move forward I think Johnson genuinely felt
175:56 forward I think Johnson genuinely felt that continuity in the government after
175:59 that continuity in the government after this terrible event was essential to
176:03 this terrible event was essential to retaining the confidence of the American
176:05 retaining the confidence of the American people and now the ideas and the ideals
176:09 people and now the ideas and the ideals which he so nobly represented must and
176:14 which he so nobly represented must and will be
176:16 will be translated into effective
176:32 action Congress and the nation had reminders today that while the world
176:35 reminders today that while the world seemed suspended by our tragedy it
176:37 seemed suspended by our tragedy it really kept on its whirling way in
176:40 really kept on its whirling way in Vietnam reports today of the bloodiest
176:42 Vietnam reports today of the bloodiest fighting in almost a
176:49 year Bob how we doing oh fine I think Mr President uh I want you to dictate to me
176:53 President uh I want you to dictate to me uh on the situation in Vietnam now I've
176:57 uh on the situation in Vietnam now I've got to have some kind of a summarized
177:00 got to have some kind of a summarized logical factual analysis of it well I I
177:04 logical factual analysis of it well I I do think Mr President that' be wise for
177:06 do think Mr President that' be wise for you to say as little as possible the the
177:10 you to say as little as possible the the Frank answer is we don't know what's
177:11 Frank answer is we don't know what's going on out
177:13 going on out there the the signs I see coming through
177:16 there the the signs I see coming through the cables are a disturbing sign yeah
177:20 the cables are a disturbing sign yeah yeah Robert mcamera secretary's defense
177:24 yeah Robert mcamera secretary's defense he had been the head of the Ford Motor
177:26 he had been the head of the Ford Motor Company brilliant executive famous
177:29 Company brilliant executive famous especially for his cold analytic methods
177:33 especially for his cold analytic methods he was a World War II vet he wanted to
177:36 he was a World War II vet he wanted to stop wasting the Pentagon we increased
177:38 stop wasting the Pentagon we increased the number of combat ready Army
177:40 the number of combat ready Army divisions by 45% the expectation is that
177:43 divisions by 45% the expectation is that he would figure out Vietnam
177:53 position of my government is clear we are prepared to furnish whatever
177:55 are prepared to furnish whatever economic aid whatever military training
177:59 economic aid whatever military training and whatever quantities are required and
178:01 and whatever quantities are required and for as long as that is
178:03 for as long as that is required Vietnam
178:05 required Vietnam [Music]
178:07 [Music] mam the public secretary of defense
178:10 mam the public secretary of defense mamera is all about kind of bullish
178:12 mamera is all about kind of bullish bravado that we are going to Prevail but
178:15 bravado that we are going to Prevail but privately mcamera is increasingly gloomy
178:18 privately mcamera is increasingly gloomy about the
178:25 prospects until a strong government begins to function here in Saigon the
178:27 begins to function here in Saigon the war against the Communists will continue
178:29 war against the Communists will continue to found
178:35 it I'll tell you the more I just St awake last night think about this thing
178:37 awake last night think about this thing this worries the hell out of me I don't
178:39 this worries the hell out of me I don't think it's worth fighting for and I
178:40 think it's worth fighting for and I don't think we can get out now of course
178:43 don't think we can get out now of course if you start running the Communist they
178:45 if you start running the Communist they may just chase you right into your own
178:46 may just chase you right into your own kitchen yeah
178:48 kitchen yeah that's the
178:50 that's the trouble gentlemen this is a modern war
178:53 trouble gentlemen this is a modern war but it's a different War we're here to
178:56 but it's a different War we're here to advise and support our courageous
178:59 advise and support our courageous Vietnamese allies it was was mering's
179:01 Vietnamese allies it was was mering's Misfortune to inherit the most complex
179:04 Misfortune to inherit the most complex war that we had fought to this time and
179:07 war that we had fought to this time and I think his plan for the war was an
179:09 I think his plan for the war was an entirely conventional plan in a very
179:12 entirely conventional plan in a very unconventional War we're over here to
179:15 unconventional War we're over here to win and we have what it takes to assist
179:18 win and we have what it takes to assist them in this
179:20 them in this Victory is that enough for you I'm going
179:23 Victory is that enough for you I'm going to put this in two parts I'll be a
179:24 to put this in two parts I'll be a little more candid in the second
179:26 little more candid in the second round Lyndon Johnson doesn't want to be
179:29 round Lyndon Johnson doesn't want to be a president who found his administration
179:32 a president who found his administration torpedoed by an unpopular War
179:34 torpedoed by an unpopular War parenthetically however we have a very
179:36 parenthetically however we have a very interesting episode that happens in
179:38 interesting episode that happens in August of 1964 in the tonan
179:42 August of 1964 in the tonan Gulf three PT boats identified by our
179:45 Gulf three PT boats identified by our state department as North Vietnamese
179:47 state department as North Vietnamese attack the USS MX a destroyer which is
179:50 attack the USS MX a destroyer which is operating in the tonin Gulf some 35 mil
179:53 operating in the tonin Gulf some 35 mil off the North Vietnamese
179:56 off the North Vietnamese Coast this was not an unprovoked attack
180:00 Coast this was not an unprovoked attack there had been these covert actions
180:02 there had been these covert actions against North Vietnamese directed by the
180:05 against North Vietnamese directed by the United States and the North Vietnamese
180:07 United States and the North Vietnamese were responding to that on August 2nd
180:11 were responding to that on August 2nd this is a special report from CBS News
180:13 this is a special report from CBS News in Washington today just past the midday
180:17 in Washington today just past the midday point unofficial sources started to
180:19 point unofficial sources started to report additional Naval Combat Action in
180:22 report additional Naval Combat Action in the same tonin
180:23 the same tonin [Music]
180:30 Gulf now I'd like to review briefly in chronological order the unprovoked
180:33 chronological order the unprovoked attacks which took place today August
180:36 attacks which took place today August 4th we know now for sure that the second
180:38 4th we know now for sure that the second tonen golf incident didn't happen but
180:41 tonen golf incident didn't happen but the Johnson Administration pretty much
180:43 the Johnson Administration pretty much dismissed evidence indicating that an
180:46 dismissed evidence indicating that an attack actually hadn't taken place
180:49 attack actually hadn't taken place there was this acute political pressure
180:52 there was this acute political pressure from the rightwing to be strong stand up
180:55 from the rightwing to be strong stand up to communist aggression certainly I
180:59 to communist aggression certainly I think a more prudent Administration that
181:01 think a more prudent Administration that wasn't looking for a pretext to flex
181:04 wasn't looking for a pretext to flex some American Muscle would have stepped
181:07 some American Muscle would have stepped back and said let's determine what
181:09 back and said let's determine what actually happened here before we
181:11 actually happened here before we launched any retaliatory action my
181:14 launched any retaliatory action my fellow
181:15 fellow Americans hostile actions
181:18 Americans hostile actions against United States ships on the high
181:20 against United States ships on the high seas have today required me to order the
181:25 seas have today required me to order the military forces of the United States to
181:28 military forces of the United States to take action in
181:37 reply that was the beginning of the American Air Assault on North
181:45 Vietnam President Johnson has asked for and will soon get a congressional resolu
181:47 and will soon get a congressional resolu ution authorizing the president to act
181:50 ution authorizing the president to act as he is the talking Gulf resolution
181:54 as he is the talking Gulf resolution said that Johnson had all out power to
181:58 said that Johnson had all out power to use American military strength to defend
182:00 use American military strength to defend American interests as he deemed
182:04 American interests as he deemed necessary and that is the beginning of
182:07 necessary and that is the beginning of the slippery
182:09 the slippery slope Lyndon Baines Johnson has been
182:12 slope Lyndon Baines Johnson has been elected president of the United States
182:14 elected president of the United States and the landslide has carried him in for
182:17 and the landslide has carried him in for his his first term in office on his own
182:20 his his first term in office on his own right by his own
182:29 election communist vetcon guillas killed seven Americans and wounded 109
182:31 seven Americans and wounded 109 yesterday in a sneak nighttime attack on
182:34 yesterday in a sneak nighttime attack on the American helicopter base at
182:36 the American helicopter base at playu uh I don't wish to speculate on
182:40 playu uh I don't wish to speculate on action we may take in the future I don't
182:42 action we may take in the future I don't believe it'll ever be possible to
182:44 believe it'll ever be possible to protect our forces against sneak attacks
182:47 protect our forces against sneak attacks of that kind
182:49 of that kind Vietnam keeps creeping into the Oval
182:52 Vietnam keeps creeping into the Oval Office but Johnson's stuck he refuses to
182:57 Office but Johnson's stuck he refuses to be the American president who loses
183:00 be the American president who loses southeast Asia so he has to keep going
183:04 southeast Asia so he has to keep going in
183:06 in deeper so we're going to send the
183:08 deeper so we're going to send the Marines in I guess we got no choice but
183:11 Marines in I guess we got no choice but scares the death out of me and it's a
183:13 scares the death out of me and it's a hard one but uh West mland and Taylor
183:16 hard one but uh West mland and Taylor come in every day saying please send
183:18 come in every day saying please send them on mamir and Russ say send them on
183:21 them on mamir and Russ say send them on what do you think well pres it look to
183:23 what do you think well pres it look to me like we just got in this thing no way
183:26 me like we just got in this thing no way out you couldn't have
183:29 out you couldn't have inherited well if they' say I inherited
183:31 inherited well if they' say I inherited be lucky but they'll all say I created
183:33 be lucky but they'll all say I created after that the trouble is the great
183:36 after that the trouble is the great trouble I'm under a man can fight if you
183:39 trouble I'm under a man can fight if you can see daylight down the road somewhere
183:42 can see daylight down the road somewhere ain't no daylight Vietnam there's not a
183:44 ain't no daylight Vietnam there's not a bit
183:58 early in 1965 the president decided to launch Operation Rolling Thunder a
184:01 launch Operation Rolling Thunder a sustained bombing campaign directed
184:04 sustained bombing campaign directed against North
184:06 against North Vietnam the emphasis is on the
184:08 Vietnam the emphasis is on the destruction of strategic enemy targets
184:11 destruction of strategic enemy targets RS are designed to cut off supplies from
184:13 RS are designed to cut off supplies from the north to the Viet Kong rebels in the
184:15 the north to the Viet Kong rebels in the south
184:26 our first mission was more or less static defense of the principal Airfield
184:29 static defense of the principal Airfield for the bombing missions over North
184:32 for the bombing missions over North Vietnam General will this entail any
184:35 Vietnam General will this entail any offensive
184:36 offensive operations no no I don't believe it well
184:40 operations no no I don't believe it well the reason we put ground troops in was
184:42 the reason we put ground troops in was to protect
184:44 to protect airfields and then we had to protect the
184:46 airfields and then we had to protect the ground troops around the airfields and
184:47 ground troops around the airfields and sort of we backed into this war not
184:50 sort of we backed into this war not really understanding what we were
184:53 really understanding what we were doing third Squad let's go the soldiers
184:56 doing third Squad let's go the soldiers moved cautiously off into the jungle
184:58 moved cautiously off into the jungle encountering only an occasional
185:04 sniper the Viet Kong and the North Vietnamese didn't play by our
185:14 rules couldn't find the enemy they were invisible it was their country
185:27 the enemy again broke contact slipped away and
185:34 disappeared combat arouses emotions so powerful that teaches you about human
185:38 powerful that teaches you about human nature at its best and at its worst give
185:41 nature at its best and at its worst give the baby to Mama come on pap come on
185:44 the baby to Mama come on pap come on give the baby to mamaon come on you see
185:47 give the baby to mamaon come on you see you VC yeah UVC UV K huh the rule of
185:52 you VC yeah UVC UV K huh the rule of thumb was is not to trust anybody
185:55 thumb was is not to trust anybody regardless of sex or
186:05 age what's going on enemy fire opens up from surrounding bush
186:31 if the Americans got a sniper fire from a village they didn't send a squad in to
186:33 a village they didn't send a squad in to find the sniper and kill him they just
186:35 find the sniper and kill him they just called for artillery or air strikes and
186:36 called for artillery or air strikes and blew the whole Hamlet away
186:51 the United States we was killing 25,000 civilians a
186:53 civilians a year the were blowing up and burning
186:55 year the were blowing up and burning down this country we're supposed to be
186:59 down this country we're supposed to be saving success continues to be elusive
187:02 saving success continues to be elusive in any meaningful way and Johnson keeps
187:05 in any meaningful way and Johnson keeps being told I need more
187:08 being told I need more troops I have today ordered to Vietnam
187:11 troops I have today ordered to Vietnam certain forces which will raise our
187:12 certain forces which will raise our fighting strength from 75,000 to 125
187:17 fighting strength from 75,000 to 125 ,000 men almost immediately this will
187:21 ,000 men almost immediately this will make it necessary to raise a monthly
187:23 make it necessary to raise a monthly draft call from 177,000 to
187:26 draft call from 177,000 to 35,000 per month and this is the most
187:30 35,000 per month and this is the most agonizing and the most painful duty of
187:33 agonizing and the most painful duty of your
187:34 your pres it's difficult to understand why
187:37 pres it's difficult to understand why would you take the course that is going
187:39 would you take the course that is going to lead to large-scale war even with
187:42 to lead to large-scale war even with what we now know is this deep skepticism
187:44 what we now know is this deep skepticism on the part of Lyndon Johnson but it
187:46 on the part of Lyndon Johnson but it seems he felt that no matter which way
187:49 seems he felt that no matter which way he went on Vietnam he would be
188:00 crucified we're on the outskirts of the village of tamne with elements of the
188:02 village of tamne with elements of the first Battalion ninth
188:12 Marines it first appeared that the Marines had been sniped at and that a
188:14 Marines had been sniped at and that a few houses were made to
188:16 few houses were made to pay shortly after an officer told me he
188:19 pay shortly after an officer told me he had orders to go in and level the string
188:22 had orders to go in and level the string of hamlets that surrounds camne Village
188:25 of hamlets that surrounds camne Village I wasn't looking for that story but what
188:27 I wasn't looking for that story but what I saw was absolutely
188:31 I saw was absolutely [Music]
188:38 shocking the day's operation burned down 150 houses wounded three women killed
188:41 150 houses wounded three women killed one baby and netted these four prisoners
188:45 one baby and netted these four prisoners who could not answer questions put to
188:47 who could not answer questions put to them in
188:49 them in English to a Vietnamese peasant it will
188:52 English to a Vietnamese peasant it will take more than presidential promises to
188:55 take more than presidential promises to convince him that we are on his
188:58 convince him that we are on his side Morning News had put the first bit
189:02 side Morning News had put the first bit of footage on the air I had no idea
189:04 of footage on the air I had no idea whatever kind of repercussions it
189:08 whatever kind of repercussions it had do you ever have any regrets about
189:11 had do you ever have any regrets about some of these people or you're leaving
189:13 some of these people or you're leaving homeless you can't expect to do your job
189:15 homeless you can't expect to do your job and feel pity for these people well I
189:17 and feel pity for these people well I think is sad in a way but I don't think
189:20 think is sad in a way but I don't think there's any other way you can get around
189:21 there's any other way you can get around it in this kind of a war what Vietnam
189:24 it in this kind of a war what Vietnam did to America via television was
189:28 did to America via television was introduced us to a new kind of America
189:31 introduced us to a new kind of America one that was not pure one that committed
189:33 one that was not pure one that committed the same kinds of atrocities that are
189:35 the same kinds of atrocities that are always committed in war but we had never
189:38 always committed in war but we had never allowed ourselves to see
189:46 them the president I understand called for senior executive at CBS and Lyon
189:49 for senior executive at CBS and Lyon Johnson said Frank this is your
189:51 Johnson said Frank this is your president your boys just shat on the
189:54 president your boys just shat on the flag of the United
189:55 flag of the United [Music]
190:00 [Music] States 3 months ago the first air
190:02 States 3 months ago the first air Cavalry division shipped out from
190:04 Cavalry division shipped out from Charleston South
190:06 Charleston South [Applause]
190:07 [Applause] Carolina last week some of them came
190:11 Carolina last week some of them came home most of these casualties were
190:14 home most of these casualties were suffered in the Battle of Yad rang
190:15 suffered in the Battle of Yad rang Valley the most sign significant yet
190:18 Valley the most sign significant yet fought by American troops in
190:26 Vietnam it looked at first like a routine Viet Kong attack but this was a
190:28 routine Viet Kong attack but this was a fullscale sustained assault like not
190:31 fullscale sustained assault like not only the Viet Kong of South Vietnam but
190:33 only the Viet Kong of South Vietnam but with North Vietnam and its strong and
190:35 with North Vietnam and its strong and dedicated Army
190:38 dedicated Army [Applause]
190:51 at first light the full shock came Americans and North Vietnamese lay
190:54 came Americans and North Vietnamese lay side by side in the
190:57 side by side in the grass kind of walked right into a Ambush
191:01 grass kind of walked right into a Ambush it was was pretty bad to listen to your
191:04 it was was pretty bad to listen to your friends crying out for help not being
191:06 friends crying out for help not being able to do a thing we just we all pinned
191:16 down I want to congratulate you on your disting
191:17 disting Victory you were fighting regular North
191:21 Victory you were fighting regular North Vietnamese troops the consensus of the
191:23 Vietnamese troops the consensus of the military after I dra is we can inflict
191:27 military after I dra is we can inflict enough casualties on them to to win our
191:31 enough casualties on them to to win our armed forces are prepared to take the
191:33 armed forces are prepared to take the necessary casualties in order to seek
191:36 necessary casualties in order to seek out and destroy the enemy the question
191:38 out and destroy the enemy the question remains are the American people prepared
191:41 remains are the American people prepared to lose more and more young men in
191:43 to lose more and more young men in Vietnam
191:46 Vietnam [Music]
192:06 the first air Cavalry band will go anywhere for a parade even within rifle
192:09 anywhere for a parade even within rifle range of the
192:10 range of the Vietcong the Viet Kong have terrorized
192:14 Vietcong the Viet Kong have terrorized you and have burned your home
192:18 you and have burned your home we are here to help you and to show how
192:22 we are here to help you and to show how much we are able to protect you the Air
192:25 much we are able to protect you the Air Force are going to hit some Viet Kong on
192:29 Force are going to hit some Viet Kong on the other side of the
192:31 the other side of the [Music]
192:44 valley the televising of the Vietnam War was like the split screen reality you in
192:47 was like the split screen reality you in American culture on one side you had
192:50 American culture on one side you had what the official story was which was
192:53 what the official story was which was we're winning in
192:54 we're winning in Vietnam and yet every time that
192:57 Vietnam and yet every time that Americans looked up what they saw was
193:00 Americans looked up what they saw was body
193:06 bags Marine Colonel Michael Yun was hit by fire from a village while he was
193:08 by fire from a village while he was directing close air support from a
193:10 directing close air support from a helicopter he saw women and children
193:12 helicopter he saw women and children there and decided not to order an Air
193:15 there and decided not to order an Air Attack the colonel talked about about it
193:17 Attack the colonel talked about about it while surgeons amputated his leg they do
193:20 while surgeons amputated his leg they do all they can to save that leg I know God
193:24 all they can to save that leg I know God damn it I I hate to put bombs and nape
193:27 damn it I I hate to put bombs and nape in on these women and children I just
193:28 in on these women and children I just didn't do it I just said they can't be
193:30 didn't do it I just said they can't be there I'm sure now that that's where
193:32 there I'm sure now that that's where they were and as the cas Lees mounted
193:34 they were and as the cas Lees mounted that was turning the public in this
193:36 that was turning the public in this country against the
193:38 country against the [Applause]
193:42 [Applause] war how do you expect to be protected in
193:45 war how do you expect to be protected in this country unless you have people
193:46 this country unless you have people fighting for you they're not fighting
193:48 fighting for you they're not fighting for me not this is genocide these people
193:52 for me not this is genocide these people are being killed they're being killed wi
193:55 are being killed they're being killed wi to sent spread across campuses all over
193:58 to sent spread across campuses all over the country and gave a sense of
194:00 the country and gave a sense of empowerment to students who were about
194:02 empowerment to students who were about to be drafted but still couldn't vote a
194:06 to be drafted but still couldn't vote a new type of protest and Civil
194:07 new type of protest and Civil Disobedience occurs in New York City
194:10 Disobedience occurs in New York City David Miller publicly burns his draft
194:12 David Miller publicly burns his draft cards seven young and Earnest protesters
194:15 cards seven young and Earnest protesters burn draft cards on the steps of a
194:17 burn draft cards on the steps of a Boston Courthouse a group of high school
194:19 Boston Courthouse a group of high school boys set upon them with fists the draft
194:22 boys set upon them with fists the draft was in place from World War II when you
194:25 was in place from World War II when you turned 18 you had to register in January
194:28 turned 18 you had to register in January 1965 5,400 young men were called for the
194:31 1965 5,400 young men were called for the draft in December 1965
194:35 draft in December 1965 4,224 young men were called this is one
194:38 4,224 young men were called this is one fact pouring in on the American
194:40 fact pouring in on the American conscience and causing increasing
194:43 conscience and causing increasing concern the compulsory draft forc you to
194:46 concern the compulsory draft forc you to make a Choice Vietnam against your will
194:49 make a Choice Vietnam against your will jail against your will Canada against
194:52 jail against your will Canada against your will no good
194:54 your will no good options all kinds of ways are found to
194:57 options all kinds of ways are found to try to beat the physical people are
194:59 try to beat the physical people are known to mutilate themselves starve
195:02 known to mutilate themselves starve themselves decare that they were
195:03 themselves decare that they were homosexual when they weren't there were
195:05 homosexual when they weren't there were also Escape hatches in terms of
195:08 also Escape hatches in terms of deferments like deferments for college
195:10 deferments like deferments for college students which means that working class
195:13 students which means that working class young people are likely to get drafted
195:16 young people are likely to get drafted before upper middle
195:22 class the war was waged in a lot of living rooms in America was a real
195:24 living rooms in America was a real generational divide because my father's
195:27 generational divide because my father's generation went off and saved Europe I
195:30 generation went off and saved Europe I fully expected to have a military
195:33 fully expected to have a military experience but it was the wrong damn
195:42 War Washington November 27th the rally was to be held at the Washington
195:44 was to be held at the Washington Monument the protesters began to arrive
195:46 Monument the protesters began to arrive about 25
195:48 about 25 [Music]
195:50 [Music] of
195:58 all and the that night the whole world are watching us right now I intend to
196:00 are watching us right now I intend to support the Constitution of the United
196:01 support the Constitution of the United States I will not fight in
196:05 States I will not fight in Vietnam we forget this but there was
196:07 Vietnam we forget this but there was always a substantial number of Americans
196:10 always a substantial number of Americans who supported the Vietnam War
196:22 [Music] I'll your son my son the
196:30 Marine it's hard to recapture how intense that period was how morally
196:33 intense that period was how morally conflictual it was in your relationship
196:36 conflictual it was in your relationship with your country which is something we
196:38 with your country which is something we never
196:39 never question pressure on Mr Johnson to
196:42 question pressure on Mr Johnson to choose sides has been growing clinging
196:44 choose sides has been growing clinging to a middle line he tried to give one
196:46 to a middle line he tried to give one ear to the War Hawks in America one ear
196:48 ear to the War Hawks in America one ear to the doves but both ears to neither we
196:51 to the doves but both ears to neither we halted bombing in the North in the hope
196:53 halted bombing in the North in the hope that the government in hanoa would
196:56 that the government in hanoa would single its willingness to talk instead
196:58 single its willingness to talk instead of fight but I regret to tell you that
197:01 of fight but I regret to tell you that no signal came during those 37 Days
197:04 no signal came during those 37 Days Johnson feels alternately outraged that
197:08 Johnson feels alternately outraged that he's being attacked in this way when
197:10 he's being attacked in this way when he's doing the best he can until the day
197:13 he's doing the best he can until the day they decide to end this aggression and
197:15 they decide to end this aggression and to make an honorable
197:17 to make an honorable I can assure you that we speaking for
197:20 I can assure you that we speaking for the United States of America intend to
197:23 the United States of America intend to carry
197:33 on a large Committee of responsible lawyers has examined the United States
197:35 lawyers has examined the United States legal position in Vietnam its
197:37 legal position in Vietnam its conclusions briefly and bluntly are that
197:40 conclusions briefly and bluntly are that the United States is violating the
197:42 the United States is violating the United Nations Charter the Geneva
197:44 United Nations Charter the Geneva agreements and finally violating the
197:46 agreements and finally violating the United United States Constitution which
197:48 United United States Constitution which says only Congress can declare war when
197:51 says only Congress can declare war when the Congress tried to ask questions
197:53 the Congress tried to ask questions about the Vietnam War they found it very
197:55 about the Vietnam War they found it very difficult to get answers and sometimes
197:57 difficult to get answers and sometimes they were lied
197:58 they were lied to we're engaged in a historic debate in
198:01 to we're engaged in a historic debate in this country are have honest differences
198:04 this country are have honest differences of opinion fite hearings are one of the
198:07 of opinion fite hearings are one of the first times when people who weren't far
198:11 first times when people who weren't far on the left or extreme on the Right
198:14 on the left or extreme on the Right started raising some very serious
198:17 started raising some very serious questions about the war all I'm asking
198:19 questions about the war all I'm asking is if the people decide that this war
198:22 is if the people decide that this war should be stopped are you going to take
198:24 should be stopped are you going to take the position that's weakness on the home
198:26 the position that's weakness on the home front in a democracy I would feel that
198:28 front in a democracy I would feel that our people were badly misguided and did
198:31 our people were badly misguided and did not understand the consequences of such
198:32 not understand the consequences of such a disaster well uh we agree on one thing
198:35 a disaster well uh we agree on one thing that they can be badly misguided and you
198:37 that they can be badly misguided and you and the president in my judgment have
198:39 and the president in my judgment have been misguiding them for a long time in
198:41 been misguiding them for a long time in this
198:47 war of 1965 there were 23 ,000 American servicemen in Vietnam currently there
198:49 servicemen in Vietnam currently there are about
198:51 are about 267,000 us fighting men in Vietnam and
198:53 267,000 us fighting men in Vietnam and 18,000 more will be there by the end of
198:55 18,000 more will be there by the end of this
198:57 this month the commitment became bigger and
199:00 month the commitment became bigger and bigger and bigger you could feel the
199:02 bigger and bigger you could feel the spirit of the troops was
199:10 draining how old are you 22 volunteer no would you
199:15 22 volunteer no would you no what's the w thing about it getting
199:18 no what's the w thing about it getting shot getting
199:20 shot getting hit all you see buddies get hit living
199:24 hit all you see buddies get hit living in the
199:26 in the swamp
199:33 dirt 30 days out in the bush you'd be covered with ringworm and jungle Rod it
199:35 covered with ringworm and jungle Rod it was just the nature of the train and the
199:38 was just the nature of the train and the weather it's hot in Vietnam often hotter
199:41 weather it's hot in Vietnam often hotter than the Mojave Desert the temperature
199:43 than the Mojave Desert the temperature rises to 120°
199:49 [Music] if we've got 2 hours sleep a night I'd
199:51 if we've got 2 hours sleep a night I'd be
199:52 be surprised you're almost in a hypnotic
199:56 surprised you're almost in a hypnotic state I'm amazed that these kids didn't
199:58 state I'm amazed that these kids didn't just completely fall apart humans are
200:01 just completely fall apart humans are really really
200:02 really really tough things are going reasonably well
200:05 tough things are going reasonably well in the South aren't
200:06 in the South aren't they yes I think so what are these men
200:09 they yes I think so what are these men doing they're trying to locate the enemy
200:11 doing they're trying to locate the enemy I see and they run them in the cave yeah
200:14 I see and they run them in the cave yeah we think we're uh taking a heavy of them
200:17 we think we're uh taking a heavy of them but it just scares me to see what we're
200:19 but it just scares me to see what we're doing there with taking Soldiers with
200:21 doing there with taking Soldiers with God knows how many airplanes and
200:23 God knows how many airplanes and helicopters and Firepower and going
200:25 helicopters and Firepower and going after a bunch of half
200:27 after a bunch of half starved uh Beggars and not a certainty
200:31 starved uh Beggars and not a certainty but it's a a danger we need to look at
200:33 but it's a a danger we need to look at it that that they can keep that up
200:36 it that that they can keep that up almost
200:38 almost indefinitely today I can tell you that
200:41 indefinitely today I can tell you that military progress in the past 12 months
200:43 military progress in the past 12 months has exceeded our expectations our policy
200:47 has exceeded our expectations our policy remains what it was and has been we
200:50 remains what it was and has been we would Supply our commanders whatever
200:51 would Supply our commanders whatever they required to accomplish our
200:53 they required to accomplish our objective in South
200:55 objective in South Vietnam you started to distrust your own
200:59 Vietnam you started to distrust your own leaders because you started to say Well
201:01 leaders because you started to say Well they're lying to us I mean or or if
201:04 they're lying to us I mean or or if they're not lying to us they don't know
201:07 they're not lying to us they don't know what's going on over here if they don't
201:09 what's going on over here if they don't know what's going on what the hell is
201:10 know what's going on what the hell is going
201:11 going [Music]
201:13 [Music] on get it on
201:23 I'm glad they're on our side mo mo Alpha company has reached Hill
201:33 943 coming this way up after sweeping the area around 943 Hill 943 is
201:39 the area around 943 Hill 943 is taken there is nothing to
201:43 taken there is nothing to take and now that the enemy is gone
201:46 take and now that the enemy is gone there is no reason for the Americans to
201:49 there is no reason for the Americans to stay when we abandoned the hill it was
201:52 stay when we abandoned the hill it was crushing to morale because your friends
201:54 crushing to morale because your friends died what was all that
202:01 about there is a hill in Vietnam which was assaulted twice taken twice and
202:04 was assaulted twice taken twice and abandoned twice by Americans and today
202:08 abandoned twice by Americans and today 943 is again controlled by the North
202:12 943 is again controlled by the North Vietnamese progress was not being made
202:15 Vietnamese progress was not being made there was no end in side how would you
202:17 there was no end in side how would you measure progress so it was a kind of
202:21 measure progress so it was a kind of absurd
202:22 absurd situation out
202:28 here how do you feel about it now that it's all over pretty bad in the way you
202:31 it's all over pretty bad in the way you live with them you work with them you
202:33 live with them you work with them you get real attached to them I had three
202:35 get real attached to them I had three that died in my arms and that hurt more
202:36 that died in my arms and that hurt more than anything
202:48 else we have to carry him out you know and that's when it bothers you when you
202:49 and that's when it bothers you when you got to carry them to their SLO
202:52 got to carry them to their SLO it's really gets to
202:54 it's really gets to [Music]
203:06 [Music] you I'd lose friends and I would just
203:11 you I'd lose friends and I would just like wow you know I got a job to do here
203:15 like wow you know I got a job to do here and you you'd throw them on a chopper
203:18 and you you'd throw them on a chopper and that'd be the last you'd see
203:19 and that'd be the last you'd see [Music]
203:22 [Music] them and so you were constantly shoving
203:25 them and so you were constantly shoving it down because if you didn't you
203:27 it down because if you didn't you couldn't function
203:51 these women came by the thousands to the Pentagon this week they demanded to see
203:53 Pentagon this week they demanded to see Secretary of Defense Robert mcnamar to
203:55 Secretary of Defense Robert mcnamar to ask him to stop sending their sons to
203:57 ask him to stop sending their sons to the
203:58 the fnom and they showed their anger and
204:01 fnom and they showed their anger and frustration
204:10 [Music] [Applause]
204:11 [Applause] [Music]
204:12 [Music] [Applause]
204:18 [Applause]
204:20 given the nature of the enemy it seems to me that the strategy We are following
204:22 to me that the strategy We are following at this time is the proper one and that
204:25 at this time is the proper one and that it is producing results we will prevail
204:29 it is producing results we will prevail in Vietnam over the Communist
204:33 in Vietnam over the Communist aggressor fundamentally we didn't have a
204:35 aggressor fundamentally we didn't have a strategy in the Vietnam War except that
204:38 strategy in the Vietnam War except that of
204:39 of attrition they talk about well we can
204:42 attrition they talk about well we can kill 300 North Vietnamese for every one
204:44 kill 300 North Vietnamese for every one of us do the American people care about
204:47 of us do the American people care about the 300 no they care about the
204:50 the 300 no they care about the [Music]
205:08 one 500,000 American troops 14,000 American Dead the war in Vietnam is no
205:11 American Dead the war in Vietnam is no longer simply their War to win or lose
205:14 longer simply their War to win or lose it's ours as well and it has become the
205:17 it's ours as well and it has become the most divisive in a 100 Years of American
205:25 History it was the first time that all of these different factions and
205:27 of these different factions and philosophies and personalities came
205:30 philosophies and personalities came together in one
205:31 together in one [Applause]
205:41 place the seed was planted when there was a massive march on the Pentagon
205:43 was a massive march on the Pentagon people realized that we could go beyond
205:46 people realized that we could go beyond polite protest into more massive Civil
205:49 polite protest into more massive Civil Disobedience and shake up the war
205:52 Disobedience and shake up the war [Applause]
205:54 [Applause] [Music]
205:57 [Music] [Applause]
205:58 [Applause] [Music]
206:01 [Music] [Applause]
206:03 [Applause] makers m' been managing the war since
206:06 makers m' been managing the war since 1961 and the man was just overwhelmed
206:09 1961 and the man was just overwhelmed with guilt in less than 60 days I will
206:12 with guilt in less than 60 days I will have served seven years as Secretary of
206:15 have served seven years as Secretary of Defense
206:17 Defense no one of my predecessors has served so
206:20 no one of my predecessors has served so long I myself did not plan to Robert
206:23 long I myself did not plan to Robert mcir leaves office I think it's fair to
206:26 mcir leaves office I think it's fair to say that he is by that point tortured on
206:30 say that he is by that point tortured on a personal level by the
206:37 warrant tonight the Communists hit the very heart of Saigon the brand new US
206:40 very heart of Saigon the brand new US Embassy building and at least 10 cities
206:42 Embassy building and at least 10 cities in that war torn
206:44 in that war torn country the head offensive was the Big
206:48 country the head offensive was the Big Show of the Viet
206:50 Show of the Viet count it's huge they' got the Americans
206:53 count it's huge they' got the Americans and South Vietnamese completely by
206:56 and South Vietnamese completely by surprise it exposed how tenuous the US
207:01 surprise it exposed how tenuous the US hold
207:07 was who won and who lost in the great T offensive against the cities I'm not
207:09 offensive against the cities I'm not sure the terrible loss in American lives
207:12 sure the terrible loss in American lives Prestige and morale and this is a
207:14 Prestige and morale and this is a tragedy of our stubbornness there seems
207:17 tragedy of our stubbornness there seems now more certain than ever that the
207:19 now more certain than ever that the bloody experience of Vietnam is to end
207:21 bloody experience of Vietnam is to end in a stalemate when Walter kronite who
207:25 in a stalemate when Walter kronite who was the most trusted man in America said
207:28 was the most trusted man in America said that Lyndon Johnson said if I've lost
207:32 that Lyndon Johnson said if I've lost Walter I've lost Middle America Lyndon
207:35 Walter I've lost Middle America Lyndon Johnson realized he was no longer in
207:38 Johnson realized he was no longer in charge of the war the war was in charge
207:41 charge of the war the war was in charge of
207:50 him did you lose I had uh 36 when I started we got uh 21 killed what were
207:54 started we got uh 21 killed what were you thinking
207:55 you thinking about I was thinking
207:58 about I was thinking uh of my wife and I
208:01 uh of my wife and I uh my baby that I haven't seen I guess I
208:04 uh my baby that I haven't seen I guess I got a baby coming in June and that was
208:06 got a baby coming in June and that was on my mind I
208:07 on my mind I was I just knew we were going to get
208:14 overrun if you look at the history of Vietnam it was a tragic comedy of erors
208:18 Vietnam it was a tragic comedy of erors from beginning to
208:20 from beginning to end and the tragedy of Johnson is that
208:24 end and the tragedy of Johnson is that he achieved remarkable things
208:27 he achieved remarkable things particularly in terms of civil rights
208:29 particularly in terms of civil rights but will be
208:31 but will be remembered for
208:33 remembered for Vietnam it's the full Shakespearean
208:37 Vietnam it's the full Shakespearean Wheel of Fortune the man who has nothing
208:40 Wheel of Fortune the man who has nothing who Rises to everything and then loses
208:43 who Rises to everything and then loses it all
208:46 it all in a moment of tragedy and Trauma the
208:50 in a moment of tragedy and Trauma the duties of this office fell upon me with
208:54 duties of this office fell upon me with American sons in the field far away with
208:58 American sons in the field far away with America's future under challenge right
209:01 America's future under challenge right here at home I have
209:04 here at home I have concluded that I should not permit the
209:07 concluded that I should not permit the presidency to become involved in the
209:10 presidency to become involved in the partisan divisions that are developing
209:13 partisan divisions that are developing in this political year a accordingly I
209:17 in this political year a accordingly I shall not
209:19 shall not seat and I will not
209:22 seat and I will not accept the nomination of my party for
209:25 accept the nomination of my party for another term as your president
210:10 and I say segregation now segregation theor and segregation forever America's
210:14 theor and segregation forever America's not living up to the dream with liberty
210:15 not living up to the dream with liberty and Justice for we are confronted
210:17 and Justice for we are confronted primarily with a moral issue we're
210:19 primarily with a moral issue we're willing to be beaten for democracy they
210:22 willing to be beaten for democracy they give anything in word and we had trouble
210:24 give anything in word and we had trouble here would you be willing to go in a
210:25 here would you be willing to go in a demonstration again yes sir we want our
210:29 demonstration again yes sir we want our freedom every morning now open hostility
210:32 freedom every morning now open hostility towards a civil rights
211:32 we talk about it here as separation of the races customs and traditions that
211:34 the races customs and traditions that have been built up over the last 100
211:36 have been built up over the last 100 years that have proved for the best
211:39 years that have proved for the best interest of both the color and the white
211:42 interest of both the color and the white people it was almost 100 years after the
211:48 people it was almost 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation and America is
211:51 Emancipation Proclamation and America is still rigidly and racially
211:55 still rigidly and racially segregated black people couldn't vote in
211:57 segregated black people couldn't vote in the South they couldn't even go into the
211:59 the South they couldn't even go into the public libraries the public libraries
212:00 public libraries the public libraries were segregated the churches were
212:13 segregated we are in Atlanta Georgia in the EA Baptist Church where a father
212:15 the EA Baptist Church where a father mother and son are the
212:18 mother and son are the co-pastors
212:20 co-pastors frankly as others have said I don't know
212:23 frankly as others have said I don't know what the future holds but I know who
212:25 what the future holds but I know who holds the
212:26 holds the future and this is our hope and this is
212:30 future and this is our hope and this is that something that keeps us
212:33 that something that keeps us going Martin Luther King was immensely
212:36 going Martin Luther King was immensely frustrated by the end of the 1950s CU he
212:39 frustrated by the end of the 1950s CU he had become famous he's preaching all
212:40 had become famous he's preaching all over the country he knows that's his
212:42 over the country he knows that's his gift but he says people cry at my
212:44 gift but he says people cry at my sermons then the next morning it's still
212:47 sermons then the next morning it's still segregated Martin King called about 50
212:51 segregated Martin King called about 50 ministers from across the South to start
212:54 ministers from across the South to start a nonviolent
212:56 a nonviolent movement the understanding of teaching
212:59 movement the understanding of teaching nonviolence was clear but there wasn't
213:02 nonviolence was clear but there wasn't anybody that could teach it like Jim
213:04 anybody that could teach it like Jim Lawson James Lawson's been to India and
213:08 Lawson James Lawson's been to India and comes back with this Storehouse of
213:10 comes back with this Storehouse of gandhian tactics Martin King said come
213:13 gandhian tactics Martin King said come to Nashville now we need you now so I
213:16 to Nashville now we need you now so I went to Nashville and organized other
213:20 went to Nashville and organized other people now tonight we have a most
213:23 people now tonight we have a most important business to try to
213:25 important business to try to accomplish and that is to try
213:28 accomplish and that is to try to have one major role playing
213:32 to have one major role playing experience which sort of tries to set
213:35 experience which sort of tries to set the stage for an actual demonstration
213:38 the stage for an actual demonstration for an actual Sittin when you talk about
213:41 for an actual Sittin when you talk about the civil rights movement in the 60s
213:42 the civil rights movement in the 60s people often talk about Selmon
213:44 people often talk about Selmon Birmingham and montgom but the incubator
213:46 Birmingham and montgom but the incubator of it all was Nashville Tennessee where
213:49 of it all was Nashville Tennessee where James Lawson started teaching his
213:51 James Lawson started teaching his classes on nonviolence and then after
213:53 classes on nonviolence and then after beating him teaching people like John
213:55 beating him teaching people like John Lewis and James Beville and Diane Nash
213:58 Lewis and James Beville and Diane Nash how to not swing back if somebody hits
214:00 how to not swing back if somebody hits you in the head with a night
214:10 stick we actually practiced sitting in some took the role of students who were
214:12 some took the role of students who were sitting at a lunch counter and others
214:15 sitting at a lunch counter and others took the role of white thgs we were
214:19 took the role of white thgs we were practicing how to remain nonviolent even
214:22 practicing how to remain nonviolent even in the face of
214:25 in the face of violence there had been other stins in
214:28 violence there had been other stins in those early months of
214:29 those early months of 1960 but no one is centrally organizing
214:33 1960 but no one is centrally organizing or coordinating this like the student
214:36 or coordinating this like the student group from
214:47 Nashville it was on fa way to 13th and we had the very first city in here in
214:55 Nashville I took my seat at the counter I asked the waitress for a hamburger and
214:57 I asked the waitress for a hamburger and a
214:59 a coat the students sit down to the Lunch
215:02 coat the students sit down to the Lunch Counter asking to be served knowing full
215:04 Counter asking to be served knowing full well that it's against the
215:06 well that it's against the [Music]
215:08 [Music] law we were prepared to be arrested and
215:11 law we were prepared to be arrested and to go to jail and if necessary stay in
215:14 to go to jail and if necessary stay in jail
215:16 jail it was a moving feeling within me that I
215:20 it was a moving feeling within me that I was sitting there demanding a god-given
215:23 was sitting there demanding a god-given right I could no longer be satisfied or
215:26 right I could no longer be satisfied or go along with an evil
215:29 go along with an evil sister the big surprise for them was
215:31 sister the big surprise for them was that they weren't arrested they sat
215:32 that they weren't arrested they sat there all day and they realized that
215:34 there all day and they realized that white people were
215:36 white people were flued the new tactic came as a surprise
215:39 flued the new tactic came as a surprise creating bewilderment and confusion in
215:42 creating bewilderment and confusion in the white communities and even among the
215:44 the white communities and even among the Negroes themselves
215:46 Negroes themselves [Music]
215:54 when this disciplined platoon comes into a store occupies all of the seats at the
215:56 a store occupies all of the seats at the lunch counter they refuse to move on the
215:58 lunch counter they refuse to move on the request of the store owner they put on a
216:01 request of the store owner they put on a borish exibition of what seems to me
216:02 borish exibition of what seems to me plain Bad Manners and crashing into a
216:05 plain Bad Manners and crashing into a place where they are not welcome I
216:07 place where they are not welcome I submit to you sir comes with singularly
216:08 submit to you sir comes with singularly poor Grace for their spokesman to then
216:10 poor Grace for their spokesman to then charge the store owner with bad
216:13 charge the store owner with bad behavior Mr Kil Patrick I think on this
216:16 behavior Mr Kil Patrick I think on this point you would have to agree with me
216:19 point you would have to agree with me that all people should obey just laws
216:23 that all people should obey just laws but I would also say that an unjust law
216:25 but I would also say that an unjust law is no law at all and when we find an
216:28 is no law at all and when we find an unjust law I think we have a moral
216:31 unjust law I think we have a moral obligation to take a stand against
216:35 obligation to take a stand against it during the weeks after the cens began
216:39 it during the weeks after the cens began opposition in the white communities of
216:41 opposition in the white communities of the South solidified and the first signs
216:44 the South solidified and the first signs of violence appeared
216:53 [Music] [Applause]
217:04 m a man came out and said that there was a fight on the inside there was a bunch
217:07 a fight on the inside there was a bunch of color boys and girls on the stools in
217:10 of color boys and girls on the stools in the counters so I instructed the men to
217:13 the counters so I instructed the men to put them place them under arrest
217:16 put them place them under arrest [Music]
217:16 [Music] [Applause]
217:39 on February 27th 80 Nashville students were arrested out of over 300 who are
217:41 were arrested out of over 300 who are participating in the cians that
217:44 participating in the cians that day as the students were confronted with
217:46 day as the students were confronted with the choice of paying a $50 fine or
217:48 the choice of paying a $50 fine or spending over a month in jail each of
217:51 spending over a month in jail each of them chose
217:53 them chose jail I felt
217:55 jail I felt free I felt
217:57 free I felt liberated I felt like I had crossed
218:06 over while we were in jail black women got on the phone and organized an
218:09 got on the phone and organized an economic
218:10 economic withdrawal negro has a terrific
218:12 withdrawal negro has a terrific purchasing power so the merchant of
218:15 purchasing power so the merchant of course was feeling the pinch cuz they
218:17 course was feeling the pinch cuz they were desperately not coming downtown to
218:19 were desperately not coming downtown to spend that money the next day in
218:21 spend that money the next day in Nashville Tennessee under the morning
218:23 Nashville Tennessee under the morning newspaper had a headline mere favor
218:27 newspaper had a headline mere favor desegregation it was a great victory for
218:30 desegregation it was a great victory for the movement and for the city of
218:32 the movement and for the city of Nashville the economic boycott was
218:35 Nashville the economic boycott was withdrawn and Nashville became the first
218:38 withdrawn and Nashville became the first major city in the South to permit whites
218:40 major city in the South to permit whites and Negroes to eat together in public
218:42 and Negroes to eat together in public places that remarkable group that lost
218:45 places that remarkable group that lost brought together in Nashville they
218:47 brought together in Nashville they became a cadra we all applauded and here
218:50 became a cadra we all applauded and here was the situation that that that turned
218:52 was the situation that that that turned out right the ideas that they promoted
218:56 out right the ideas that they promoted very quickly spread across the region
218:58 very quickly spread across the region and Across the
219:05 Nation the cityan movement it has challenged certain fundamental concepts
219:07 challenged certain fundamental concepts of Law and is shaking the regional
219:09 of Law and is shaking the regional traditions of the south in an entirely
219:11 traditions of the south in an entirely New
219:13 New Way King is Extreme ex L pleased with
219:17 Way King is Extreme ex L pleased with the emergence of the student Sittin
219:19 the emergence of the student Sittin movement in early
219:21 movement in early [Music]
219:23 [Music] 1960 there are stins in Atlanta where Dr
219:27 1960 there are stins in Atlanta where Dr King is living by that time King himself
219:29 King is living by that time King himself gets arrested in one at Rich's
219:32 gets arrested in one at Rich's department
219:33 department Store King is kept in jail when everyone
219:36 Store King is kept in jail when everyone else is
219:38 else is released and that's when it got involved
219:40 released and that's when it got involved in the presidential
219:42 in the presidential campaign John Kennedy the presidential C
219:45 campaign John Kennedy the presidential C calls Mrs King to express his concern
219:50 calls Mrs King to express his concern very unexpected public gesture then 24
219:53 very unexpected public gesture then 24 hours Robert Kennedy called that judge
219:57 hours Robert Kennedy called that judge and asked that he'd get King out of jail
220:01 and asked that he'd get King out of jail next thing we knew is Daddy King had
220:03 next thing we knew is Daddy King had gone public and had said I was against
220:06 gone public and had said I was against having a Catholic for president but if
220:09 having a Catholic for president but if he can wipe the tears from my
220:12 he can wipe the tears from my daughter-in-law's eyes I have the
220:14 daughter-in-law's eyes I have the courage to vote for Kennedy for
220:16 courage to vote for Kennedy for president and I have a suitcase full of
220:23 votes Dr King have you heard anything from Vice President Nixon or any of his
220:25 from Vice President Nixon or any of his supporters I've been confined and I
220:27 supporters I've been confined and I haven't talked with anybody from
220:29 haven't talked with anybody from Washington or from the campaign do you
220:32 Washington or from the campaign do you know of any efforts made on behalf of
220:34 know of any efforts made on behalf of the Kennedy group well I understand that
220:37 the Kennedy group well I understand that uh the Kennedy group did uh make
220:40 uh the Kennedy group did uh make definite contacts and uh did a great
220:43 definite contacts and uh did a great deal to make Mar Le
220:46 deal to make Mar Le [Music]
220:53 [Music] possible it turned out that that phone
220:56 possible it turned out that that phone call was given credit for Kennedy's
220:58 call was given credit for Kennedy's victory in one of the closest elections
221:00 victory in one of the closest elections in modern history kyly swear King said I
221:05 in modern history kyly swear King said I hope that at last we have a president
221:07 hope that at last we have a president with the intelligence to understand this
221:10 with the intelligence to understand this problem I'm convinced that he has that
221:13 problem I'm convinced that he has that understanding and now we'll have to see
221:15 understanding and now we'll have to see what his passion leads him to do but
221:17 what his passion leads him to do but what together we can do Kennedy in his
221:21 what together we can do Kennedy in his inaugural speech did not have a single
221:23 inaugural speech did not have a single mention of a domestic issue Harris wford
221:26 mention of a domestic issue Harris wford said all these people out there and
221:28 said all these people out there and particularly black people who voted for
221:30 particularly black people who voted for you and you've got to give them
221:33 you and you've got to give them something what they did then was had two
221:36 something what they did then was had two words talking about freedom and human
221:38 words talking about freedom and human rights abroad and at home that was the
221:43 rights abroad and at home that was the only mention
221:46 only mention Kennedy's Administration is trying to
221:48 Kennedy's Administration is trying to keep a lid on the Civil Rights issue and
221:50 keep a lid on the Civil Rights issue and Civil Right activists are determined to
221:53 Civil Right activists are determined to push
222:02 ahead Brave blacks and whites rode into the Deep South together on Greyhound and
222:04 the Deep South together on Greyhound and Trailways buses to challenge segregation
222:07 Trailways buses to challenge segregation as Freedom Riders the freedom rid
222:09 as Freedom Riders the freedom rid started with two buses 13 people going
222:12 started with two buses 13 people going from Washington DC to New Orleans
222:15 from Washington DC to New Orleans the concept of the freedom rides was to
222:18 the concept of the freedom rides was to show that desegregation laws were not
222:22 show that desegregation laws were not being enforced in the South even though
222:26 being enforced in the South even though the law of the land says that a
222:27 the law of the land says that a passenger can ride inter state and
222:29 passenger can ride inter state and participate in lunchroom waiting rooms
222:31 participate in lunchroom waiting rooms and bathrooms that uh even though the
222:33 and bathrooms that uh even though the law says this everyone cannot
222:36 law says this everyone cannot particularly the
222:39 particularly the Negro they're buying tickets from town
222:41 Negro they're buying tickets from town to town and getting off in each town
222:44 to town and getting off in each town going in to waiting rooms restaurants
222:48 going in to waiting rooms restaurants cafes which are traditionally segregated
222:51 cafes which are traditionally segregated in such a manner as to enrage them and
222:54 in such a manner as to enrage them and to provoke them into acts of violence
222:57 to provoke them into acts of violence that's what they
222:58 that's what they [Music]
223:10 doing we were aboard a Greyhound bus going to Birmingham we were surrounded
223:13 going to Birmingham we were surrounded by a
223:14 by a mob who followed us out of Aniston for
223:17 mob who followed us out of Aniston for about four miles until one of our tires
223:18 about four miles until one of our tires went
223:20 went flat they finally threw a bomb into the
223:22 flat they finally threw a bomb into the bus the bus filled very rapidly with
223:25 bus the bus filled very rapidly with black
223:26 black smoke meanwhile when the Trailways bus
223:30 smoke meanwhile when the Trailways bus got to Burham it was even worse they
223:33 got to Burham it was even worse they dragged about six of the passengers out
223:36 dragged about six of the passengers out both negro and white they took them into
223:37 both negro and white they took them into corridors and alleys and began beating
223:39 corridors and alleys and began beating them began hitting them with lead pipes
223:42 them began hitting them with lead pipes they knocked one man a white man down at
223:44 they knocked one man a white man down at my feet and they beat him and kicked him
223:46 my feet and they beat him and kicked him until his face was a bloody red
223:54 PP Freedom Riders who were severely beaten could not
223:57 beaten could not continue the Nashville movement decided
224:01 continue the Nashville movement decided that we had to take up the freedom ride
224:04 that we had to take up the freedom ride where it had left off groups would be
224:07 where it had left off groups would be dispatched Dian Nash said the line that
224:10 dispatched Dian Nash said the line that made the difference she said we will not
224:13 made the difference she said we will not allow violence to destroy non violence
224:16 allow violence to destroy non violence this was the
224:23 test 10 of the kids said we will go tonight and that's the stuff that makes
224:27 tonight and that's the stuff that makes you free that's the stuff that is
224:31 you free that's the stuff that is [Music]
224:34 [Music] freedom a group of them got on a bus in
224:44 Birmingham when the bus pulled into the Montgomery station John Lewis could see
224:48 Montgomery station John Lewis could see hundreds of whites headed towards him
224:51 hundreds of whites headed towards him with baseball bats bricks
224:55 with baseball bats bricks rocks an angry mob just came out of
224:59 rocks an angry mob just came out of nowhere and they still have beaten the
225:01 nowhere and they still have beaten the freedom riters I was hit with a wind
225:03 freedom riters I was hit with a wind crate beaten left line in a pool of
225:15 blood before police finally broke up the crowd with tear gas they beat and
225:17 crowd with tear gas they beat and injured at least 20
225:19 injured at least 20 persons after the Riders are attacked
225:22 persons after the Riders are attacked and brutally beaten the Freedom Writers
225:24 and brutally beaten the Freedom Writers essentially become trapped in uh Ralph
225:27 essentially become trapped in uh Ralph Abernathy's First Baptist Church the
225:29 Abernathy's First Baptist Church the church was
225:31 church was surrounded and people were setting fire
225:34 surrounded and people were setting fire to
225:35 to cars that is a very dangerous situation
225:37 cars that is a very dangerous situation out side no one but no one can leave the
225:40 out side no one but no one can leave the church Dr King had gone over to
225:43 church Dr King had gone over to Montgomery from Atlanta to lend support
225:46 Montgomery from Atlanta to lend support to the Freedom Writers and so King too
225:49 to the Freedom Writers and so King too along with the writers is trapped at
225:51 along with the writers is trapped at this
225:53 this church now it's very easy for us to get
225:56 church now it's very easy for us to get angry and bitter and even violent in a
225:59 angry and bitter and even violent in a moment like this but I think this is a
226:01 moment like this but I think this is a testing
226:03 testing [Music]
226:12 point I hope that we will remain calm as we have done in so many touchy
226:15 we have done in so many touchy difficult moments and I know we're going
226:17 difficult moments and I know we're going to do it m Jr placed a call to Robert
226:20 to do it m Jr placed a call to Robert Kennedy and said to the Atty General
226:23 Kennedy and said to the Atty General something must be done we are planning
226:26 something must be done we are planning uh during the course of this afternoon
226:28 uh during the course of this afternoon to send in uh several hundred more US
226:32 to send in uh several hundred more US Marshals from around the country to help
226:34 Marshals from around the country to help and assist President Kennedy had called
226:36 and assist President Kennedy had called out United State Marshals rep placed the
226:38 out United State Marshals rep placed the city of Montgomery under martial
226:41 city of Montgomery under martial law for this situation I want to make
226:44 law for this situation I want to make this announcement
226:46 this announcement that the city is now under martial law
226:49 that the city is now under martial law and troops are on the way into
227:13 Mong now best thing the king and all of the so-call freedom is to return to
227:16 the so-call freedom is to return to their homes go back to their books and
227:19 their homes go back to their books and mind their own
227:20 mind their own business finally with Federal
227:23 business finally with Federal intervention the Freedom Riders were put
227:26 intervention the Freedom Riders were put on a bus and headed to Jackson
227:53 we pull on into Jackson the wagon was waiting for
228:02 usus to P [Music]
228:03 [Music] more we didn't know it at the time but
228:07 more we didn't know it at the time but the kennedies had agreed that the
228:09 the kennedies had agreed that the Freedom Writers could be
228:11 Freedom Writers could be imprisoned the Kennedy administration
228:14 imprisoned the Kennedy administration makes a deal
228:15 makes a deal whereby the Mississippi Police units
228:18 whereby the Mississippi Police units agree that there'll be no violence but
228:20 agree that there'll be no violence but the tradeoff is that every freedom
228:22 the tradeoff is that every freedom writer uh arriving in Jackson
228:24 writer uh arriving in Jackson immediately will be
228:27 immediately will be arrested officials in Mississippi think
228:29 arrested officials in Mississippi think they found a legal way to circumvent
228:32 they found a legal way to circumvent desegregation their method calling any
228:34 desegregation their method calling any Defiance of segregation a threat to the
228:37 Defiance of segregation a threat to the peace in an area where popular feelings
228:39 peace in an area where popular feelings run so
228:42 run so high the freedom rers incl James bevel
228:46 high the freedom rers incl James bevel John Lewis James Lawson among others
228:50 John Lewis James Lawson among others were sent to Parchman State
228:55 were sent to Parchman State Penitentiary so this guy takes me back
228:57 Penitentiary so this guy takes me back to the jail cell when prison doors slam
229:00 to the jail cell when prison doors slam it has an effect on you that sound you
229:03 it has an effect on you that sound you felt you would never get out
229:10 again soon as the agitators leave and get tired of trying to stir up trouble
229:12 get tired of trying to stir up trouble we're going back to the same old way of
229:15 we're going back to the same old way of living that's made our city such a
229:17 living that's made our city such a wonderful place in which to
229:19 wonderful place in which to live thank you very much Mr
229:21 live thank you very much Mr Mayor
229:24 Mayor when this attempt to stop the freedom
229:28 when this attempt to stop the freedom rides only serve to fuel the Flames of
229:31 rides only serve to fuel the Flames of the Civil Rights Movement I'd like to
229:33 the Civil Rights Movement I'd like to see the show of hands of those of you
229:35 see the show of hands of those of you who will be willing to continue the
229:38 who will be willing to continue the freedom ride in the near future listen
229:41 freedom ride in the near future listen the show of hands
229:43 the show of hands please Freedom ride after Freedom ride
229:46 please Freedom ride after Freedom ride would come through they get arrested in
229:47 would come through they get arrested in Jackson they go to the Hines County jail
229:50 Jackson they go to the Hines County jail or the Jackson jail and then they would
229:51 or the Jackson jail and then they would get moved to Parchman
230:00 penitent during the time they spent in prison a bond formed and they came out
230:04 prison a bond formed and they came out of prison more dedicated than ever and
230:08 of prison more dedicated than ever and they began to Fan out across the South
230:18 James H Meredith son of a cotton farmer grandson of a slave and applicant for
230:20 grandson of a slave and applicant for admission to the University of
230:22 admission to the University of Mississippi James why do you want to
230:24 Mississippi James why do you want to enter the University of
230:26 enter the University of Mississippi well I think that uh every
230:31 Mississippi well I think that uh every citizen should have an opportunity to
230:33 citizen should have an opportunity to receive an education in his own State I
230:36 receive an education in his own State I think he should have an education an
230:38 think he should have an education an opportunity to receive the best possible
230:46 education Mississippi Air Force veteran James Meredith insists on being admitted
230:49 James Meredith insists on being admitted to the University of Mississippi and
230:51 to the University of Mississippi and Ross Barnett the governor of the state
230:54 Ross Barnett the governor of the state he's not going to let this happen do
230:57 he's not going to let this happen do hereby deny you admission to the
231:00 hereby deny you admission to the University of
231:02 University of Mississippi and it becomes a
231:04 Mississippi and it becomes a [Music]
231:04 [Music] [Applause]
231:07 [Applause] crisis Ross Barnett withdrew local
231:10 crisis Ross Barnett withdrew local police and allowed the campus to turn
231:13 police and allowed the campus to turn into a kind of War
231:16 into a kind of War Zone please why don't you can't you give
231:19 Zone please why don't you can't you give an order to remove me how can I remove
231:21 an order to remove me how can I remove him Governor when there's a a riot in
231:23 him Governor when there's a a riot in the street and he may step out of that
231:24 the street and he may step out of that building and something happened to him I
231:25 building and something happened to him I can't move him under those conditions
231:28 can't move him under those conditions we've got to get somebody up there now
231:29 we've got to get somebody up there now to get order and stop the firing and the
231:31 to get order and stop the firing and the shooting then you and I will talk on the
231:32 shooting then you and I will talk on the phone about Meredith but first we got to
231:34 phone about Meredith but first we got to get order finally the Army arrives from
231:38 get order finally the Army arrives from Memphis and comes rolling on the campus
231:40 Memphis and comes rolling on the campus and stops a riot at that point
231:43 and stops a riot at that point [Music]
231:44 [Music] I deeply regret the fact that any action
231:47 I deeply regret the fact that any action by the executive branch was necessary in
231:50 by the executive branch was necessary in this case but all other avenues and
231:53 this case but all other avenues and Alternatives including persuasion and
231:56 Alternatives including persuasion and conciliation had been tried and
231:59 conciliation had been tried and exhausted James Meredith went to school
232:02 exhausted James Meredith went to school Old Miss today but his travels to and
232:04 Old Miss today but his travels to and from classes were not those of a regular
232:07 from classes were not those of a regular student [ __ ] for everywhere that
232:10 student [ __ ] for everywhere that Meredith went so did his escort with
232:12 Meredith went so did his escort with Federal Marshals and troops of the
232:13 Federal Marshals and troops of the United States Army
232:15 United States Army there is no country where the violence
232:17 there is no country where the violence of Sunday and Monday is gone unreported
232:20 of Sunday and Monday is gone unreported for example the biggest story in the
232:21 for example the biggest story in the London evening standard was the violence
232:23 London evening standard was the violence on the Mississippi campus the Outburst
232:26 on the Mississippi campus the Outburst of violence was described as humiliating
232:28 of violence was described as humiliating for American democracy and embarrassing
232:31 for American democracy and embarrassing for American Prestige
232:34 for American Prestige abroad I think my father and my uncle
232:36 abroad I think my father and my uncle were originally focused on those foreign
232:38 were originally focused on those foreign policy issues of America's leadership in
232:41 policy issues of America's leadership in the globe and saw the Civil Rights
232:44 the globe and saw the Civil Rights movement in our country is kind of a
232:46 movement in our country is kind of a distraction I think this is a Char
232:48 distraction I think this is a Char before the president he must start now
232:51 before the president he must start now making moral decisions rather than
232:54 making moral decisions rather than purely political
232:57 purely political [Music]
233:06 decisions in the name of the greatest people that have ever Tri this Earth I
233:10 people that have ever Tri this Earth I draw the line in the dust and Toss The
233:13 draw the line in the dust and Toss The Gauntlet before the feet of journey and
233:15 Gauntlet before the feet of journey and I say segregation now segregation
233:19 I say segregation now segregation tomorrow and segregation
233:22 tomorrow and segregation forever George Wallace became a almost
233:25 forever George Wallace became a almost Mythic figure for white Southerners and
233:28 Mythic figure for white Southerners and that speech in which he promised
233:30 that speech in which he promised segregation forever is the fullest
233:32 segregation forever is the fullest expression of that commitment to
233:34 expression of that commitment to becoming the leader of the resistant
233:36 becoming the leader of the resistant white South I'm sorry Mr
233:40 white South I'm sorry Mr Wallace God has spoken to me
233:45 Wallace God has spoken to me that he wants freedom for his people it
233:48 that he wants freedom for his people it may even mean physical death but if it
233:51 may even mean physical death but if it means that I will die standing up for
233:54 means that I will die standing up for the freedom of my people
233:57 the freedom of my people Spen King very wisely sees an
234:01 Spen King very wisely sees an opportunity to give more exposure to the
234:04 opportunity to give more exposure to the civil rights movement and to prod the
234:06 civil rights movement and to prod the Kennedy administration Martin Luther
234:09 Kennedy administration Martin Luther King decided that they should have major
234:12 King decided that they should have major demonstrations only in areas that local
234:16 demonstrations only in areas that local law enforcement would react violently do
234:20 law enforcement would react violently do you think you can keep Birmingham in the
234:23 you think you can keep Birmingham in the present situation of segregation I may
234:26 present situation of segregation I may not be able to do it but I'll die try bu
234:29 not be able to do it but I'll die try bu Conor has a well-known identity as one
234:32 Conor has a well-known identity as one of the hardest hardliners in defense of
234:35 of the hardest hardliners in defense of segregation he encouraged the hiring of
234:38 segregation he encouraged the hiring of Clansman on his police force King is
234:41 Clansman on his police force King is assuming that Bull Connor is going to
234:43 assuming that Bull Connor is going to provide the pictures and the footage
234:45 provide the pictures and the footage they need to outrage the
234:52 country syy commissioner bull Conor used Mass arrests fire horses and police dogs
234:56 Mass arrests fire horses and police dogs to break up the
234:57 to break up the demonstrations the demonstrations
234:59 demonstrations the demonstrations continued for weeks you got 12 14 20
235:03 continued for weeks you got 12 14 20 adults maximum per day marching they're
235:05 adults maximum per day marching they're making no news and numbers were
235:07 making no news and numbers were dwindling and the movement was on the
235:09 dwindling and the movement was on the brink of Extinction when bevel in the
235:11 brink of Extinction when bevel in the Nashville movement comes along and said
235:14 Nashville movement comes along and said I've got got plenty of teenagers in my
235:16 I've got got plenty of teenagers in my youth workshops who are willing to go to
235:19 youth workshops who are willing to go to jail I was on the phone constantly with
235:22 jail I was on the phone constantly with Jim with Diane and others about making
235:25 Jim with Diane and others about making it
235:26 it happen there's an understandable
235:29 happen there's an understandable reluctance on King's part of organizing
235:32 reluctance on King's part of organizing students to get arrested when their
235:34 students to get arrested when their parents are going to be furious for
235:36 parents are going to be furious for putting their children in the line of
235:39 putting their children in the line of fire finally it's king who makes the
235:42 fire finally it's king who makes the decision to send the children into the
235:47 decision to send the children into the streets will you use the hoses and dogs
235:50 streets will you use the hoses and dogs we will use the dogs if to start draw
235:52 we will use the dogs if to start draw drawing knives again and throwing rocks
235:54 drawing knives again and throwing rocks we will use the hose if it becomes
235:56 we will use the hose if it becomes necessary to stop the mar most of the
236:00 necessary to stop the mar most of the pickets and the Marchers were juveniles
236:01 pickets and the Marchers were juveniles instead of the adults seen in previous
236:03 instead of the adults seen in previous protests officers quickly moved in to
236:05 protests officers quickly moved in to make the arrest under the direction of
236:07 make the arrest under the direction of commissioner Bo Conor police overflow
236:10 commissioner Bo Conor police overflow juvenile hall with the youthful
236:12 juvenile hall with the youthful demonstrators all kinds of vehicles had
236:14 demonstrators all kinds of vehicles had to be pressed into service to carry the
236:16 to be pressed into service to carry the Negroes cars police Patty wagons and
236:18 Negroes cars police Patty wagons and later in the day school buses the
236:20 later in the day school buses the sheriff's department estimated upwards
236:22 sheriff's department estimated upwards of 400 had been arrested and instead of
236:25 of 400 had been arrested and instead of 14 adults you had 600 teenagers and then
236:28 14 adults you had 600 teenagers and then the next day a thousand and that's when
236:29 the next day a thousand and that's when the dogs and the fire hoses came out
236:51 [Applause] [Music]
236:59 of course what he was doing was exactly what the H of the civil rights movement
237:01 what the H of the civil rights movement in Birmingham wanted him to do to create
237:03 in Birmingham wanted him to do to create the theater that was going to be
237:05 the theater that was going to be broadcast on National Television that
237:07 broadcast on National Television that would show just how bad things were in
237:10 would show just how bad things were in Birmingham demonstrators attacked with
237:13 Birmingham demonstrators attacked with water hose
237:15 water hose were as young as 6 8 n years
237:19 were as young as 6 8 n years old why did you want to take part in
237:22 old why did you want to take part in demonstrations if all the color folks
237:24 demonstrations if all the color folks get together and take part in uh in
237:29 get together and take part in uh in fighting for Freedom maybe they get
237:30 fighting for Freedom maybe they get something but if they don't they won't
237:32 something but if they don't they won't get
237:38 nowhere Birmingham was a crucible in which the soul of the nation was being
237:41 which the soul of the nation was being forged the Negro drive for quality
237:44 forged the Negro drive for quality gathered momentum this week the Supreme
237:46 gathered momentum this week the Supreme Court sanctioned sit in demonstrations
237:49 Court sanctioned sit in demonstrations still another Court removed the strongly
237:51 still another Court removed the strongly segregationist city government of
237:53 segregationist city government of Birmingham dominated by Eugene Bull
237:56 Birmingham dominated by Eugene Bull Connor when all I can say is that I have
237:59 Connor when all I can say is that I have enjoyed my 22 and A2 years as Public
238:02 enjoyed my 22 and A2 years as Public Safety Commission in the city of
238:03 Safety Commission in the city of Birmingham I don't believe I owe the
238:05 Birmingham I don't believe I owe the taxpayers of Birmingham anything they're
238:08 taxpayers of Birmingham anything they're going to owe me almost 2 and 1/2 years
238:11 going to owe me almost 2 and 1/2 years back PID
238:13 back PID [Music]
238:15 [Music] don't shop for anything on Camp Street
238:19 don't shop for anything on Camp Street these are stores that helped to support
238:20 these are stores that helped to support the White Citizens counil Med gravers
238:23 the White Citizens counil Med gravers who's operating in and around Jackson
238:25 who's operating in and around Jackson Mississippi really the heart of
238:27 Mississippi really the heart of resistance to
238:30 resistance to desegregation the NBC Network affiliate
238:34 desegregation the NBC Network affiliate was Notorious for features
238:37 was Notorious for features segregationist speeches it became such a
238:41 segregationist speeches it became such a problem that megar ever demanded equal
238:45 problem that megar ever demanded equal time when the Jackson Mississippi
238:47 time when the Jackson Mississippi television station found itself under
238:49 television station found itself under threat for the FCC they agreed to allow
238:51 threat for the FCC they agreed to allow Med grabs to go on television and make a
238:55 Med grabs to go on television and make a statement about the goals of the
238:58 statement about the goals of the movement you know this black son of a
239:00 movement you know this black son of a [ __ ] that's on television yes sir been
239:02 [ __ ] that's on television yes sir been on more than goddamn 17 minutes they
239:05 on more than goddamn 17 minutes they better get his black ass off or I'm
239:06 better get his black ass off or I'm going to come up there and take him off
239:08 going to come up there and take him off sir we are required to do this no this
239:10 sir we are required to do this no this is in the South this is below the Mason
239:12 is in the South this is below the Mason Dixon line you don't have to put these
239:13 Dixon line you don't have to put these black J Bunny's own TV to many white
239:16 black J Bunny's own TV to many white mississippians it was an outrage that's
239:19 mississippians it was an outrage that's the first time a black man had ever been
239:22 the first time a black man had ever been allowed to appear on television in
239:26 allowed to appear on television in Mississippi certainly to argue against
239:29 Mississippi certainly to argue against segregation it made him in some ways a
239:32 segregation it made him in some ways a kind of Mark man in Mississippi we'll be
239:34 kind of Mark man in Mississippi we'll be demonstrating here until Freedom comes
239:36 demonstrating here until Freedom comes to negro here in Jackson Mississippi
239:41 to negro here in Jackson Mississippi [Music]
239:55 Our Guest today on Meet the Press is Governor George C Wallace of Alabama his
239:57 Governor George C Wallace of Alabama his state is the only one in the country
239:59 state is the only one in the country today whose schools are completely
240:01 today whose schools are completely segregated next week the issue heads for
240:03 segregated next week the issue heads for a climax when two negro students will
240:05 a climax when two negro students will seek to enroll at the University of
240:08 seek to enroll at the University of Alabama Governor Wallace has been quoted
240:10 Alabama Governor Wallace has been quoted as saying that he will personally bar
240:11 as saying that he will personally bar their entrance despite a federal court
240:13 their entrance despite a federal court order and a threat of federal troops
240:16 order and a threat of federal troops that you believe that the negras in the
240:19 that you believe that the negras in the South are human beings created by God
240:21 South are human beings created by God course they are I said so in my campaign
240:24 course they are I said so in my campaign address it wasn't do you uh do you think
240:26 address it wasn't do you uh do you think they should be discriminated for obvious
240:28 they should be discriminated for obvious reasons can they be enrolled without the
240:31 reasons can they be enrolled without the use of troops well of course I we'll
240:34 use of troops well of course I we'll just have to wait and see exactly what
240:36 just have to wait and see exactly what transpires on that
240:38 transpires on that occasion at the center of this potential
240:41 occasion at the center of this potential storm are two young negro students
240:42 storm are two young negro students Vivian Malone and Jimmy Hood he's 20
240:45 Vivian Malone and Jimmy Hood he's 20 years old and made the National Honor
240:47 years old and made the National Honor Society when she attended a segregated
240:49 Society when she attended a segregated High School in her hometown of Mobile
240:51 High School in her hometown of Mobile Alabama he's also 20 was president of
240:54 Alabama he's also 20 was president of his class in high school at gadston
240:55 his class in high school at gadston Alabama and president of the student
240:58 Alabama and president of the student council what's the general feeling
241:00 council what's the general feeling around the campus uh concerning the
241:02 around the campus uh concerning the agreement to admit the Negro here this
241:04 agreement to admit the Negro here this summer well all the students I've talked
241:06 summer well all the students I've talked to and my friends feel that there's not
241:09 to and my friends feel that there's not going to be any repeat of the
241:10 going to be any repeat of the Mississippi situation and there's not
241:12 Mississippi situation and there's not going to be no violence well I feel like
241:15 going to be no violence well I feel like it won't be as much trouble as you know
241:17 it won't be as much trouble as you know have been on other campuses but it will
241:19 have been on other campuses but it will be bad news when the [ __ ] comes
241:22 be bad news when the [ __ ] comes [Music]
241:32 [Music] here does the government plan to use
241:35 here does the government plan to use federal Marshall does go through with
241:37 federal Marshall does go through with his non intention to prevent these negro
241:39 his non intention to prevent these negro students from entering I know there's a
241:41 students from entering I know there's a great opposition in Alabama and indeed
241:44 great opposition in Alabama and indeed any state to Federal Marshals and
241:46 any state to Federal Marshals and federal troops and I would be very
241:48 federal troops and I would be very reluctant to see us reach that
241:51 reluctant to see us reach that [Applause]
241:53 [Applause] point you know those Kennedy a fan
241:58 point you know those Kennedy a fan watching that little old Bobby sock and
241:59 watching that little old Bobby sock and brother the
242:01 brother the Pres they' give anything in word if we
242:05 Pres they' give anything in word if we had some trouble here now George ask me
242:08 had some trouble here now George ask me to tell ask you to do that do him one
242:10 to tell ask you to do that do him one thing tell your friends when you leave
242:13 thing tell your friends when you leave here between
242:15 here between don't go up it leave it alone they going
242:17 don't go up it leave it alone they going to handle this
242:22 situation Governor Wallace has ordered 500 Alabama National Guardsman into
242:24 500 Alabama National Guardsman into tuscalo at the moment they are under his
242:27 tuscalo at the moment they are under his control it would require hardly more
242:29 control it would require hardly more than the flourish of a pen to convert
242:31 than the flourish of a pen to convert their status to federalized troops and
242:32 their status to federalized troops and place them at the disposal of President
242:34 place them at the disposal of President Kennedy National Guard units are
242:37 Kennedy National Guard units are commanded by a governor unless they're
242:39 commanded by a governor unless they're federalized and the president becomes
242:42 federalized and the president becomes their commanderin-chief
242:43 their commanderin-chief Kennedy had to make the decision of what
242:46 Kennedy had to make the decision of what to do
242:48 to do next President Kennedy has done some
242:51 next President Kennedy has done some significant things in civil rights but
242:55 significant things in civil rights but at the same time I must say that
242:58 at the same time I must say that President Kennedy hadn't done enough and
243:01 President Kennedy hadn't done enough and we must remind him that we elected him
243:06 we must remind him that we elected him [Applause]
243:18 under a saring Alabama Sun that already has the temperature near 100° The
243:21 has the temperature near 100° The Waiting continues with Governor George
243:23 Waiting continues with Governor George Wallace's direct confrontation with
243:25 Wallace's direct confrontation with Federal authorities and two negro
243:26 Federal authorities and two negro students at the University of Alabama is
243:28 students at the University of Alabama is now believed to be only a very short
243:30 now believed to be only a very short time away the two Negroes viian Malone
243:33 time away the two Negroes viian Malone and Jimmy Hood reportedly are on route
243:35 and Jimmy Hood reportedly are on route from Birmingham to the campus Governor
243:37 from Birmingham to the campus Governor Wallace reportedly about ready to make
243:39 Wallace reportedly about ready to make his appearance on campus
243:41 his appearance on campus [Music]
243:51 [Music] coming into it nobody knows what's going
243:53 coming into it nobody knows what's going to happen the justice department doesn't
243:54 to happen the justice department doesn't know what Wallace is going to do Wallace
243:56 know what Wallace is going to do Wallace doesn't know whether he's going to be
243:57 doesn't know whether he's going to be put in
243:58 put in jail as governor and chief magistrate of
244:01 jail as governor and chief magistrate of the state of Alabama I deem it to be my
244:03 the state of Alabama I deem it to be my solemn obligation and duty to stand
244:05 solemn obligation and duty to stand before you representing the rights and
244:08 before you representing the rights and sovereignty of this state and its
244:09 sovereignty of this state and its peoples and now being mindful of my
244:12 peoples and now being mindful of my duties and responsibilities under the
244:13 duties and responsibilities under the the Constitution of the United States
244:15 the Constitution of the United States the Constitution of the state of Alabama
244:17 the Constitution of the state of Alabama and seeking to preserve and maintain the
244:20 and seeking to preserve and maintain the peace and dignity of this state and the
244:22 peace and dignity of this state and the individual freedoms of the citizens
244:24 individual freedoms of the citizens thereof do hereby denounce and forbid
244:28 thereof do hereby denounce and forbid this illegal and unwarranted action by
244:30 this illegal and unwarranted action by the central
244:32 the central government Governor Wallace I take it
244:36 government Governor Wallace I take it from that statement that uh you are
244:39 from that statement that uh you are going to stand in that Gore and that you
244:41 going to stand in that Gore and that you are not going to carry out the orders
244:43 are not going to carry out the orders that that I stand upon the statement
244:45 that that I stand upon the statement stand upon that statement Governor I'm
244:48 stand upon that statement Governor I'm not interested in a show I don't know
244:50 not interested in a show I don't know what the purpose of the show is I am
244:52 what the purpose of the show is I am interested in the orders of these courts
244:54 interested in the orders of these courts being enforced that is my only
244:56 being enforced that is my only responsibility
244:57 responsibility here the choice is yours I would ask you
245:01 here the choice is yours I would ask you once again to responsibly step
245:10 [Music] aside stud will remain on the campus
245:14 aside stud will remain on the campus the justice department says that the
245:16 the justice department says that the Negro students will be enrolled sometime
245:19 Negro students will be enrolled sometime today after all this the Kennedy's
245:22 today after all this the Kennedy's learned their lesson about negotiating
245:23 learned their lesson about negotiating with the southern
245:24 with the southern Governor Kennedy just decides to go
245:26 Governor Kennedy just decides to go ahead and federalize the guard he's not
245:28 ahead and federalize the guard he's not going to play games
245:29 going to play games [Music]
245:32 [Music] anymore the National Guard general Henry
245:35 anymore the National Guard general Henry Graham goes up to Wallace he says it is
245:38 Graham goes up to Wallace he says it is my sad duty to tell you to step aside we
245:41 my sad duty to tell you to step aside we shall now return to Montgomery for the
245:44 shall now return to Montgomery for the purpose of continuing this
245:46 purpose of continuing this fight this constitutional fight because
245:49 fight this constitutional fight because we are
245:51 we are winning Governor Wallace moved away from
245:53 winning Governor Wallace moved away from the door and has left after being
245:56 the door and has left after being confronted with about 150 federalized
245:59 confronted with about 150 federalized National
246:04 Guardsman United States Assistant Attorney General Nicholas konach now all
246:06 Attorney General Nicholas konach now all smiles as the two negro students are to
246:10 smiles as the two negro students are to enter the registration building
246:14 enter the registration building each time a big issue came up the
246:16 each time a big issue came up the president and the Attorney General did
246:18 president and the Attorney General did everything they could not to have to get
246:20 everything they could not to have to get involved and was after the encounter
246:23 involved and was after the encounter with wace at the Civil Rights became top
246:27 with wace at the Civil Rights became top priority this is not a sectional
246:30 priority this is not a sectional issue difficulties over segregation and
246:33 issue difficulties over segregation and discrimination exist in every city in
246:36 discrimination exist in every city in every state of the union but law alone
246:40 every state of the union but law alone cannot make men see right we are
246:43 cannot make men see right we are confront Ed primarily with a moral issue
246:46 confront Ed primarily with a moral issue it is as old as the scriptures and is as
246:48 it is as old as the scriptures and is as clear as the American
246:50 clear as the American Constitution and that was the first time
246:53 Constitution and that was the first time the president made the question of
246:55 the president made the question of ending racial segregation not because
246:58 ending racial segregation not because it's politically expedient to do so
247:01 it's politically expedient to do so because it is morally right to do so
247:05 because it is morally right to do so next week I shall ask the Congress of
247:07 next week I shall ask the Congress of the United States to act to make a
247:09 the United States to act to make a commitment it is not fully made in this
247:11 commitment it is not fully made in this Century to the proposition that race has
247:14 Century to the proposition that race has no place in American life or law it's
247:18 no place in American life or law it's his most eloquent speech in some ways
247:21 his most eloquent speech in some ways most heartfelt speech and this nation
247:24 most heartfelt speech and this nation for all its hopes and all its Bo will
247:28 for all its hopes and all its Bo will not be fully free until all its citizens
247:31 not be fully free until all its citizens are free there's a kind of bitter irony
247:34 are free there's a kind of bitter irony in that within hours afterwards medg
247:37 in that within hours afterwards medg gavers comes home and his wife and
247:39 gavers comes home and his wife and children are up because they want to
247:40 children are up because they want to tell him about the president's wonderful
247:42 tell him about the president's wonderful speech
247:44 speech [Music]
247:46 [Music] shortly after midnight megar ever
247:48 shortly after midnight megar ever stepped from his car on this driveway
247:50 stepped from his car on this driveway then ever was murdered the Fatal bullet
247:53 then ever was murdered the Fatal bullet was fired from a vacant lot across the
247:55 was fired from a vacant lot across the street from ever's home crashing through
247:57 street from ever's home crashing through his body and through the window of his
247:59 his body and through the window of his home he was
248:05 [Music] 37 was AED at the Cowardly ambush of him
248:10 37 was AED at the Cowardly ambush of him at his home in front of his wife
248:13 at his home in front of his wife children who said something about how
248:16 children who said something about how far we still had to go in reaching any
248:19 far we still had to go in reaching any semblance of Social and Civic
248:21 semblance of Social and Civic [Music]
248:33 Justice we are going to Washington to urge the Congress to pass strong civil
248:36 urge the Congress to pass strong civil rights legislation this
248:39 rights legislation this year the
248:41 year the Nationwide response to the power of
248:44 Nationwide response to the power of Alabama supplies the energy that allows
248:48 Alabama supplies the energy that allows the March on Washington to start coming
248:51 the March on Washington to start coming together we will keep this demonstration
248:54 together we will keep this demonstration nonviolent it will be peaceful it will
248:57 nonviolent it will be peaceful it will be dignified and disciplined and I think
248:59 be dignified and disciplined and I think it will have a a great
249:02 it will have a a great impact in my judgment there was perhaps
249:06 impact in my judgment there was perhaps only one man or woman in America who
249:09 only one man or woman in America who could have put that March together and
249:12 could have put that March together and it was
249:13 it was Rustin for any Movement we need the
249:16 Rustin for any Movement we need the cooperation of the best Minds many of
249:20 cooperation of the best Minds many of which are white as well as
249:22 which are white as well as black Rustin was simply an
249:24 black Rustin was simply an organizational genius he was the best in
249:27 organizational genius he was the best in the brightest you feel that the
249:30 the brightest you feel that the president's civil rights program is
249:31 president's civil rights program is actually not needed I don't think it's
249:34 actually not needed I don't think it's needed and furthermore I think it's
249:36 needed and furthermore I think it's unconstitutional segregationist Senators
249:38 unconstitutional segregationist Senators like STM Thurman are attempting to
249:41 like STM Thurman are attempting to trumpet the fact that by is known to be
249:45 trumpet the fact that by is known to be gay uh as a way to undercut the
249:49 gay uh as a way to undercut the March there was an effort to blocked
249:51 March there was an effort to blocked ruson being selected and Martin King
249:55 ruson being selected and Martin King said let he who has not sinned cast the
249:58 said let he who has not sinned cast the first
249:59 first stone Dead
250:01 stone Dead Silence I recommend very strongly Ron be
250:05 Silence I recommend very strongly Ron be designated as the Director and chief of
250:07 designated as the Director and chief of stamp with the March a Randol says I
250:10 stamp with the March a Randol says I second that freedom now movement here me
250:13 second that freedom now movement here me we are requesting all citizens to move
250:16 we are requesting all citizens to move into Washington to go by plane by car
250:20 into Washington to go by plane by car bus any way that you can get there go to
250:31 Washington all right I'll start on this side pass him down the White House the
250:35 side pass him down the White House the Washington Police Department the defense
250:38 Washington Police Department the defense department we're all drawing up these
250:41 department we're all drawing up these tremendous contingency plans for FS you
250:44 tremendous contingency plans for FS you have any questions be sure you contact
250:47 have any questions be sure you contact your captains for anything and they will
250:49 your captains for anything and they will take it from there the whole thing is a
250:52 take it from there the whole thing is a orderly
250:59 Mar they came from All Over America Negroes and whites Housewives and
251:01 Negroes and whites Housewives and Hollywood stars more than 200,000 of
251:04 Hollywood stars more than 200,000 of them came to Washington this morning in
251:06 them came to Washington this morning in a kind of climax to a historic spring
251:09 a kind of climax to a historic spring and summer in the struggle for equal
251:11 and summer in the struggle for equal rights the mar son Washington was
251:13 rights the mar son Washington was probably the most joyous protest March
251:17 probably the most joyous protest March I've ever seen
251:20 I've ever seen [Music]
251:22 [Music] [Applause]
251:33 Wonder this turned out to be a huge interracial Gathering that clearly did
251:37 interracial Gathering that clearly did send a national message that there was
251:40 send a national message that there was tremendous support for racial qualen I
251:44 tremendous support for racial qualen I admired the people of my age and I knew
251:47 admired the people of my age and I knew that John Lewis was the the youngest
251:49 that John Lewis was the the youngest speaker at the
251:51 speaker at the merch as a student and as a participant
251:54 merch as a student and as a participant in the national movement I was ready to
251:56 in the national movement I was ready to go I wanted to push and wanted us to
252:00 go I wanted to push and wanted us to stand up and speak up and speak
252:03 stand up and speak up and speak out we're tired of seeing our people
252:06 out we're tired of seeing our people lock up in jail over and over again and
252:08 lock up in jail over and over again and then you holler be patient how long can
252:11 then you holler be patient how long can we be patient we want our freedom and we
252:14 we be patient we want our freedom and we want it
252:21 now but I will never forget the speech of mther King Jr on that day Dr King
252:24 of mther King Jr on that day Dr King spoke out of his soul and he used that
252:28 spoke out of his soul and he used that day and the steps of the Lincoln
252:30 day and the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to preach a sermon not just to
252:33 Memorial to preach a sermon not just to America but to the
252:41 [Applause] world I am happy to join with you
252:45 world I am happy to join with you [Music]
252:46 [Music] today in what will go down in
252:52 today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration
252:55 history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our
253:05 nation as he is speaking Mia Jackson shouts to him tell him about the dream
253:08 shouts to him tell him about the dream Martin tell him about the dream and I
253:10 Martin tell him about the dream and I see him take the written text
253:14 see him take the written text and he slides it to the left side of the
253:16 and he slides it to the left side of the Lector looks out on 350,000 people there
253:20 Lector looks out on 350,000 people there and then he
253:22 and then he speaks I have a
253:25 speaks I have a dream that one
253:27 dream that one day this nation will rise up live out
253:32 day this nation will rise up live out the true meaning of its
253:34 the true meaning of its priest we hold these TRS to be
253:38 priest we hold these TRS to be self-evident that all men are created
253:40 self-evident that all men are created equ
253:45 I have a dream that my poor little
253:49 dream that my poor little children will one day live in a nation
253:51 children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the
253:53 where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content
253:56 color of their skin but by the content of their character I have a dream
253:58 of their character I have a dream [Applause]
254:06 today Let Freedom Ring from every Hill and mold Hill of Mississippi from Every
254:10 and mold Hill of Mississippi from Every Mountain Side that freedom and when it
254:20 happen when we allow Freedom Ring when we let it rain from every
254:22 Ring when we let it rain from every village and every Hamlet from every
254:25 village and every Hamlet from every state and every
254:27 state and every city we will be able to speed up that
254:30 city we will be able to speed up that day with all of God's children black men
254:33 day with all of God's children black men and white men Jews and Gentiles
254:36 and white men Jews and Gentiles Protestants and Catholics will be able
254:39 Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of
254:42 to join hands and sing in the words of the old negro spiritual free at last
254:45 the old negro spiritual free at last free at last thank God Almighty we free
255:01 at I don't think they quite anticipated just how successful it would
255:04 anticipated just how successful it would be it represents the Civil Rights
255:07 be it represents the Civil Rights Movement at a kind of high water
255:13 mark the momentum of change seems to be accelerating and in the hearts of 21
255:16 accelerating and in the hearts of 21 million American Negroes and Untold
255:18 million American Negroes and Untold millions of sympathetic whites their
255:20 millions of sympathetic whites their beat tonight the hope that the dream of
255:23 beat tonight the hope that the dream of negro equality was at last overtaking
255:26 negro equality was at last overtaking the reality of
255:28 the reality of [Applause]
255:30 [Applause] history in the immediate wake of the
255:33 history in the immediate wake of the March on Washington the civil rights
255:36 March on Washington the civil rights movement has a a national glow to it
255:40 movement has a a national glow to it that it never before had had but that
255:43 that it never before had had but that glow tragically lasts hardly 2
255:53 weeks the bombing of this Birmingham Alabama Church claimed the lives of four
255:56 Alabama Church claimed the lives of four little girls attending Sunday
255:58 little girls attending Sunday [Music]
256:01 [Music] school that was the church out of which
256:03 school that was the church out of which all the kids had marched in May so it
256:05 all the kids had marched in May so it was clearly a
256:08 was clearly a punishment we felt like we were involved
256:11 punishment we felt like we were involved because if there had been no movement
256:14 because if there had been no movement chances are that bombing would not have
256:16 chances are that bombing would not have taken
256:22 place kids were
256:24 kids were murdered in
256:26 murdered in Birmingham on a Sunday and in Sunday
256:29 Birmingham on a Sunday and in Sunday School in a Christian Nation and nobody
256:44 can why House Press Secretary Malcolm
256:46 Secretary Malcolm kilduff has just announced that
256:48 kilduff has just announced that President
256:54 Kennedy died at approximately 1:00 Central Standard Time which is about 35
256:56 Central Standard Time which is about 35 minutes ago after being shot at after
256:59 minutes ago after being shot at after being shot by an unknown asant by an
257:02 being shot by an unknown asant by an unknown asent during a motorcade drive
257:05 unknown asent during a motorcade drive through downtown Dallas during a
257:06 through downtown Dallas during a motorcade drive through downtown
257:13 Dallas what you're feeling right now I really couldn't say really right now I
257:17 I really couldn't say really right now I just don't know what to
257:19 just don't know what to do I don't even know where to go what to
257:23 do I don't even know where to go what to say nothing me to
257:38 say it is said that the human mind has a greater capacity for remembering the
257:40 greater capacity for remembering the pleasant than the unpleasant
257:44 pleasant than the unpleasant but today was a day that will live in
257:46 but today was a day that will live in memory and in
257:47 memory and in [Music]
257:53 [Music] grief no words are strong
257:58 grief no words are strong enough to express our
258:01 enough to express our determination to continue the forward
258:05 determination to continue the forward Trust of America that he
258:09 Trust of America that he began Lindon Johnson wasn't that widely
258:12 began Lindon Johnson wasn't that widely known in the country at large Johnson's
258:15 known in the country at large Johnson's AIDS say to him in this speech don't
258:18 AIDS say to him in this speech don't fight for civil rights it's a noble
258:21 fight for civil rights it's a noble cause but it's a lost cause you know
258:23 cause but it's a lost cause you know what Johnson says to them well what the
258:25 what Johnson says to them well what the hell is the presidency for
258:27 hell is the presidency for then no Memorial oration or
258:31 then no Memorial oration or eulogy could more eloquently honor
258:34 eulogy could more eloquently honor President Kennedy's
258:36 President Kennedy's memory than the earliest possible
258:40 memory than the earliest possible passage of the Civil Rights bill for
258:42 passage of the Civil Rights bill for which he F So
258:44 which he F So Long Johnson gets that Civil Rights bill
258:47 Long Johnson gets that Civil Rights bill move it in the first few weeks after
258:50 move it in the first few weeks after Kennedy's
258:52 Kennedy's assassination Dix crats led by Richard
258:55 assassination Dix crats led by Richard Russell announced to filibuster that is
258:57 Russell announced to filibuster that is they would continue to talk and prevent
258:59 they would continue to talk and prevent the bill from coming forward for a
259:01 the bill from coming forward for a straight up or down vote this bill which
259:03 straight up or down vote this bill which we feel is a perversion of the American
259:06 we feel is a perversion of the American way of life and a great blow at the
259:10 way of life and a great blow at the right of dominion over private property
259:13 right of dominion over private property that has been the Genesis of our
259:15 that has been the Genesis of our greatness LBJ and his allies knew that
259:18 greatness LBJ and his allies knew that they were short so thus began a
259:22 they were short so thus began a 247
259:24 247 campaign he bullied he cajoled he made
259:27 campaign he bullied he cajoled he made deals in order to get enough Senators on
259:30 deals in order to get enough Senators on board surprisingly after a year on
259:33 board surprisingly after a year on Capitol Hill this bill is stronger than
259:35 Capitol Hill this bill is stronger than the one President Kennedy first
259:37 the one President Kennedy first requested President Johnson should have
259:39 requested President Johnson should have the bill on his desk by the 4th of July
259:44 the bill on his desk by the 4th of July we hope to send into Mississippi this
259:46 we hope to send into Mississippi this summer upwards of
259:49 summer upwards of 1,000 teachers ministers and students to
259:53 1,000 teachers ministers and students to open up Mississippi to the
259:57 open up Mississippi to the [Music]
259:59 [Music] country Freedom Summer an operation to
260:02 country Freedom Summer an operation to flood the state of Mississippi with
260:04 flood the state of Mississippi with volunteers white and black students we
260:07 volunteers white and black students we were there because we could assume that
260:09 were there because we could assume that if the white mississippians mistreated
260:11 if the white mississippians mistreated us the way they mistreated the black
260:12 us the way they mistreated the black people that would be a basis on which to
260:14 people that would be a basis on which to mobilize National
260:16 mobilize National opinion we will treat anyone with great
260:19 opinion we will treat anyone with great respect here in Mississippi but we will
260:21 respect here in Mississippi but we will treat the people who come here these
260:24 treat the people who come here these children like any other backward
260:26 children like any other backward children should be treated
260:30 children should be treated [Music]
260:46 and here is the news there is some mystery and some fear
260:49 news there is some mystery and some fear concerning three civil rights workers
260:51 concerning three civil rights workers two whites from New York City and a
260:53 two whites from New York City and a negro from Mississippi Police say they
260:55 negro from Mississippi Police say they arrested the three men for speeding
260:57 arrested the three men for speeding yesterday but released them after they
260:58 yesterday but released them after they posted Bond they have not been heard
261:00 posted Bond they have not been heard from since they paid the fine and I
261:03 from since they paid the fine and I released them they escorted them to
261:05 released them they escorted them to their
261:06 their car and uh that's the last time we saw
261:10 car and uh that's the last time we saw any of
261:11 any of them we got word that Mickey and Andy
261:17 them we got word that Mickey and Andy and James had been arrested and there
261:20 and James had been arrested and there was no word what had happened to
261:32 them Mr President yeah I want to let you know we found the call yeah now this is
261:36 know we found the call yeah now this is not known nobody knows this at all but
261:39 not known nobody knows this at all but the car was burned and uh we do not know
261:43 the car was burned and uh we do not know yet whether any bodies are inside of the
261:45 yet whether any bodies are inside of the car because of the intense heat it is
261:48 car because of the intense heat it is merely an assumption that probably they
261:50 merely an assumption that probably they were burned in the car or maybe
261:52 were burned in the car or maybe kidnapped and locked up well I would
261:54 kidnapped and locked up well I would doubt whether those people down there
261:56 doubt whether those people down there would would even give them that much of
261:57 would would even give them that much of a
261:58 a [Music]
262:02 [Music] break we believe that all men are
262:05 break we believe that all men are entitled to the blessings of liberty yet
262:08 entitled to the blessings of liberty yet millions are being deprived of those
262:10 millions are being deprived of those blessings
262:12 blessings not because of their own
262:15 not because of their own failures but because of the color of
262:18 failures but because of the color of their
262:19 their skin we can understand without ranker or
262:23 skin we can understand without ranker or hatred how this all
262:27 hatred how this all happened but it cannot
262:31 happened but it cannot continue our constitution Foundation of
262:34 continue our constitution Foundation of our Republic forbids it the principles
262:38 our Republic forbids it the principles of our freedom forbid it
262:42 of our freedom forbid it and the law I will sign tonight forbids
262:50 [Music] [Applause]
262:52 [Applause] [Music]
263:01 [Music] it Senator Hubert Humphrey has called
263:03 it Senator Hubert Humphrey has called the Civil Rights bill the greatest piece
263:06 the Civil Rights bill the greatest piece of social legislation of Our Generation
263:09 of social legislation of Our Generation see Weill tell somebody my staff be sure
263:11 see Weill tell somebody my staff be sure we get some more pin here the Civil
263:13 we get some more pin here the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is not going to
263:15 Rights Act of 1964 is not going to create instant Brotherhood no one
263:17 create instant Brotherhood no one pretends that but the Attorney General
263:19 pretends that but the Attorney General gets new power to bring suits against
263:21 gets new power to bring suits against racial discrimination in voting in
263:23 racial discrimination in voting in public accommodations in education in
263:27 public accommodations in education in employment if a court finds you guilty
263:30 employment if a court finds you guilty of violating some part of the civil
263:31 of violating some part of the civil rights law and if you continue violating
263:34 rights law and if you continue violating the law you can be fined or put in jail
263:38 the law you can be fined or put in jail until you stop violating the
263:40 until you stop violating the law the pr right workers who disappeared
263:43 law the pr right workers who disappeared in Mississippi Hill have not been heard
263:45 in Mississippi Hill have not been heard from a search has thus far produced only
263:47 from a search has thus far produced only one clue the burned out station wagon in
263:49 one clue the burned out station wagon in which the three were last seen riding
263:51 which the three were last seen riding there is little hope that they are still
264:00 alive scherner Cheney and Goodman were found shot to death in a grave at the
264:02 found shot to death in a grave at the base of a recently built Dam just 6
264:05 base of a recently built Dam just 6 miles from the city of
264:12 Philadelphia their bodies wrapped in plastic bags numbered 1 2 and three were
264:15 plastic bags numbered 1 2 and three were taken to the State Medical Center in
264:17 taken to the State Medical Center in Jackson for identification and
264:19 Jackson for identification and [Music]
264:23 [Music] examination the two white boys were shot
264:25 examination the two white boys were shot once each through the
264:27 once each through the heart James Cheney the black youth had
264:30 heart James Cheney the black youth had been beaten with chains until every bone
264:32 been beaten with chains until every bone in his body was broken then he was shot
264:35 in his body was broken then he was shot three times
264:37 three times [Music]
264:46 the finding of the bodies of the three Mississippi civil rights workers is a
264:49 Mississippi civil rights workers is a saddening and shocking reminder of the
264:52 saddening and shocking reminder of the brutality of race
264:54 brutality of race hatred we naturally expect that those
264:57 hatred we naturally expect that those responsible for these terrible murders
265:01 responsible for these terrible murders will be brought to Justice
265:15 [Applause] [Music]
265:17 [Music] [Applause]
265:19 [Applause] heart I know what they going to say not
265:22 heart I know what they going to say not guilty cuz no one St and pull the
265:29 trigger I'm tired of that don't bow down
265:33 that don't bow down anymore hold your heads up
265:36 anymore hold your heads up [Music]
265:44 [Music] we want our freedom
265:46 we want our freedom now I don't want to have to go to
265:48 now I don't want to have to go to another
265:52 memor tired of fun tired
265:59 of got to stand [Music]
266:09 up the arrests had started Before Dawn in all FBI men picked up 21
266:14 Dawn in all FBI men picked up 21 Men included in the group were the chief
266:16 Men included in the group were the chief law officers of nishoba County Sheriff
266:18 law officers of nishoba County Sheriff Lawrence Rainey and Deputy Cil price
266:21 Lawrence Rainey and Deputy Cil price they were murdered by clu clu's Clan men
266:24 they were murdered by clu clu's Clan men with uh the conspiratorial help of the
266:27 with uh the conspiratorial help of the local sheriff Bond was set but less than
266:30 local sheriff Bond was set but less than a week later the accused were set free
266:32 a week later the accused were set free their bond
266:35 their bond lifted for James Cheney's mother who
266:37 lifted for James Cheney's mother who attended that hearing it was a shock
266:39 attended that hearing it was a shock frustration disappointment the legal
266:41 frustration disappointment the legal answer to to her son's murder seemed to
266:43 answer to to her son's murder seemed to her as far away as
266:57 ever I have the great honor to hand over to you the insia of
267:03 honor to hand over to you the insia of the Nobel Peace Prize and the gold
267:10 [Music] medal some critic have charged that the
267:13 medal some critic have charged that the Nobel Peace Prize was not appropriately
267:16 Nobel Peace Prize was not appropriately given this year what's your reaction to
267:18 given this year what's your reaction to that one well first I should say that I
267:20 that one well first I should say that I don't think the Peace Prize was given to
267:22 don't think the Peace Prize was given to me personally and I don't accept it as a
267:24 me personally and I don't accept it as a personal honor I think it is rather
267:26 personal honor I think it is rather tribute to the wise restraint the
267:28 tribute to the wise restraint the discipline and dignity with which uh
267:31 discipline and dignity with which uh Negroes and white persons of Goodwill
267:34 Negroes and white persons of Goodwill have carried out the whole struggle for
267:35 have carried out the whole struggle for civil rights
267:38 civil rights [Music]
267:43 [Music] by the end of
267:45 by the end of 1964 Dr King is aware that the one major
267:50 1964 Dr King is aware that the one major Southern civil rights challenge that had
267:53 Southern civil rights challenge that had not been dealt with in the 1964 Civil
267:56 not been dealt with in the 1964 Civil Rights Act was voter registration
267:59 Rights Act was voter registration bewildering hodg podge of election laws
268:01 bewildering hodg podge of election laws from state to state prevents many from
268:04 from state to state prevents many from voting boss controlled political
268:06 voting boss controlled political machines disfranchise others by
268:08 machines disfranchise others by downright fraud the Negro citizen may go
268:11 downright fraud the Negro citizen may go to register only to be told that the day
268:13 to register only to be told that the day is wrong or the hour is late or the
268:15 is wrong or the hour is late or the official in charge is
268:18 official in charge is absent there are five counties in
268:20 absent there are five counties in Mississippi each at least 57% negro in
268:24 Mississippi each at least 57% negro in which no Negroes at all are
268:28 which no Negroes at all are registered today marks the beginning of
268:32 registered today marks the beginning of a
268:32 a [Music]
268:34 [Music] determined
268:35 determined organized mobilized
268:38 organized mobilized campaign to get the right to vote all
268:41 campaign to get the right to vote all over this
268:43 over this state Martin Luther King chooses the
268:46 state Martin Luther King chooses the city of Selma because it has the worst
268:48 city of Selma because it has the worst record of any southern city on black
268:52 record of any southern city on black voting we will dramatize this whole
268:55 voting we will dramatize this whole situation and seek to arouse the
268:58 situation and seek to arouse the conscience of the federal government by
269:00 conscience of the federal government by marching by the thousands on places of
269:04 marching by the thousands on places of registration all over
269:07 registration all over [Music]
269:39 student protesters had already had a presence in Selma going back to 19
269:42 presence in Selma going back to 19 63 but had found it exceptionally tough
269:45 63 but had found it exceptionally tough goinging because the Dallas County
269:47 goinging because the Dallas County Sheriff Jim Clark was an even tougher
269:51 Sheriff Jim Clark was an even tougher version of birmingham's Bull
269:54 version of birmingham's Bull Connor is not in session this afternoon
269:57 Connor is not in session this afternoon as you were formed you came down to make
269:59 as you were formed you came down to make a mockery out of this
270:02 a mockery out of this Courthouse this courthouse is a serious
270:04 Courthouse this courthouse is a serious place of business you seem to think take
270:07 place of business you seem to think take just be uh Disneyland something on we
270:11 just be uh Disneyland something on we have had
270:12 have had numerous [ __ ] that uh couldn't read
270:15 numerous [ __ ] that uh couldn't read and write come down and say that they
270:16 and write come down and say that they were told to come and if they didn't
270:18 were told to come and if they didn't come they would lose their pensions from
270:21 come they would lose their pensions from the welfare department or their social
270:23 the welfare department or their social security or have the land confiscated if
270:25 security or have the land confiscated if they didn't show up the register to vote
270:28 they didn't show up the register to vote and when they came down they had no idea
270:30 and when they came down they had no idea then what they were supposed to do you
270:33 then what they were supposed to do you are breaking the injunction by not
270:35 are breaking the injunction by not allowing these people to come inside
270:37 allowing these people to come inside this courthouse and wait this Courthouse
270:39 this courthouse and wait this Courthouse does not belong to sheriff Clark this
270:41 does not belong to sheriff Clark this cour belongs to the people of Dallas
270:43 cour belongs to the people of Dallas County and these are the people of
270:45 County and these are the people of Dallas County and they have come to
270:47 Dallas County and they have come to register and you know this within your
270:49 register and you know this within your own heart sh CL Clark he knew what he
270:52 own heart sh CL Clark he knew what he wanted to do to me but he couldn't do it
270:54 wanted to do to me but he couldn't do it in the open because of all those cameras
270:57 in the open because of all those cameras right we have come to be here because
270:59 right we have come to be here because they are registering at this
271:07 time we have come to register and uh uh and this is our reason for being here
271:09 and this is our reason for being here we're not Bing me with that light we're
271:11 we're not Bing me with that light we're not
271:34 back get matter being the matter of facing
271:37 get matter being the matter of facing your sheriff and facing your judge we're
271:39 your sheriff and facing your judge we're willing to be beaten for democracy and
271:41 willing to be beaten for democracy and you misuse democracy in the street you
271:44 you misuse democracy in the street you beat people bloody in order that they
271:46 beat people bloody in order that they will not have the privilege to
271:57 vote I'm here to tell you tonight that the mayor of this city the police
272:00 the mayor of this city the police commissioner of this city and everybody
272:04 commissioner of this city and everybody in the white power structure of this
272:06 in the white power structure of this city must take a
272:09 city must take a responsibility for everything that Jim
272:12 responsibility for everything that Jim [Applause]
272:18 [Applause] [Music]
272:28 in we're marching today to dramatized to the nation dramatized to the world that
272:31 the nation dramatized to the world that hundreds and thousands of negro citizens
272:34 hundreds and thousands of negro citizens of Alabama but particular here in the
272:36 of Alabama but particular here in the black Bel area Deni the right to vote we
272:39 black Bel area Deni the right to vote we intend to march to Montgomery present s
272:42 intend to march to Montgomery present s Grievous to Governor Geor C
272:49 Wallace Governor George Wallace's head of the Alabama Upstate Patrol in tandem
272:52 of the Alabama Upstate Patrol in tandem with his good buddy Sheriff Jim Clark
272:55 with his good buddy Sheriff Jim Clark thinks that what these Marchers deserve
272:58 thinks that what these Marchers deserve uh is a good
273:11 beating When we arrive at the highest point on at Pettis Bridge down below we
273:14 point on at Pettis Bridge down below we saw a sea of Alabama state
273:16 saw a sea of Alabama state [Music]
273:26 troopers opposing the protesters was a force of Alabama state troopers Sheriff
273:30 force of Alabama state troopers Sheriff Clark and then Clark's private Army the
273:34 Clark and then Clark's private Army the so-called posy
273:36 so-called posy men you saw these men putting on their
273:38 men you saw these men putting on their gas
273:40 gas masks they came to us it'll be
273:43 masks they came to us it'll be detrimental to your safety to continue
273:45 detrimental to your safety to continue this March you are ordered to disperse
273:48 this March you are ordered to disperse go home or go to your church this March
273:51 go home or go to your church this March will not
273:52 will not [Music]
273:55 [Music] continue assembly you have to disperse
273:59 continue assembly you have to disperse your ERS to disperse I thought we were
274:02 your ERS to disperse I thought we were going to be
274:03 going to be arrested the major said Troopers advance
274:36 they used electric cattle prods bull whips wooden clubs wrapped with barbed
274:39 whips wooden clubs wrapped with barbed wire
274:41 wire [Applause]
274:53 I was hit in the head by state troop with the night
274:54 with the night stick I thought I saw
274:57 stick I thought I saw death I thought I was going to die
275:22 Sheriff Clark and his volunteer army the posum men sent 80 men women and children
275:25 posum men sent 80 men women and children into the
275:39 footage what was now being called Bloody Sunday
275:42 Sunday and white middle class Americans sitting
275:43 and white middle class Americans sitting in their comfortable living rooms
275:46 in their comfortable living rooms suddenly had the whole racial ugly mess
275:52 suddenly had the whole racial ugly mess thrust into their face it was a
275:55 thrust into their face it was a watershed moment in television a
275:58 watershed moment in television a landmark moment in the Civil Rights
276:02 landmark moment in the Civil Rights Movement for the first time since
276:05 Movement for the first time since birmingam that footage sets off of a
276:08 birmingam that footage sets off of a national
276:09 national firestorm in our country we don't
276:11 firestorm in our country we don't tolerate police by Terror taking the Law
276:14 tolerate police by Terror taking the Law into their own hands this is
276:16 into their own hands this is unacceptable and just not American and I
276:19 unacceptable and just not American and I believe the time has come for the
276:20 believe the time has come for the president to step in the Pettis Bridge
276:22 president to step in the Pettis Bridge incident is in one of those seminal
276:24 incident is in one of those seminal events that helped create a political
276:26 events that helped create a political ground swell for Lyndon Johnson to
276:29 ground swell for Lyndon Johnson to quickly and uh this time without nearly
276:33 quickly and uh this time without nearly as much opposition as the Civil Rights
276:35 as much opposition as the Civil Rights Act of 64 to push through the Voting
276:38 Act of 64 to push through the Voting Rights Act of 1965 the president of the
276:42 Rights Act of 1965 the president of the United
276:49 States Johnson feels that he needs to go before the country and a joint session
276:52 before the country and a joint session of Congress about why this should be
276:57 of Congress about why this should be done I was in a home of a local family
277:00 done I was in a home of a local family in Salma with Dr King and we watched and
277:03 in Salma with Dr King and we watched and listened to president
277:06 listened to president JN at
277:08 JN at times history and Faith meet at a single
277:12 times history and Faith meet at a single time to shape a turning point in man's
277:18 time to shape a turning point in man's unending search for
277:20 unending search for Freedom so it was at Lexington and
277:24 Freedom so it was at Lexington and Concord so it was a century ago at
277:29 Concord so it was a century ago at aomax so it was last week in Selma
277:34 aomax so it was last week in Selma Alabama
277:36 Alabama there longsuffering men and women
277:40 there longsuffering men and women peacefully protested the denial of their
277:44 peacefully protested the denial of their rights as
277:46 rights as Americans their cause must be our cause
277:51 Americans their cause must be our cause too because it's not just
277:54 too because it's not just Negroes but really it's all of
277:58 Negroes but really it's all of us who must overcome the crippling
278:02 us who must overcome the crippling Legacy of
278:04 Legacy of bigotry and
278:06 bigotry and Injustice and we shall overcome
278:17 to he lyard Johnson the president of the United States used the theme song of The
278:20 United States used the theme song of The Movement we shall
278:23 Movement we shall overcome I looked at Dr King tears came
278:26 overcome I looked at Dr King tears came down his face his to cry we all cried a
278:32 down his face his to cry we all cried a little Dr King decided that the only
278:36 little Dr King decided that the only proper response to this was to continue
278:38 proper response to this was to continue the march to Montgomery and a court
278:40 the march to Montgomery and a court order forced the state of Alabama to
278:44 order forced the state of Alabama to permit said March Johnson has just ruled
278:48 permit said March Johnson has just ruled that we have a legal and constitutional
278:52 that we have a legal and constitutional right to march from Selma to m
278:59 [Applause] [Music]
279:15 come and follow me you know the master
279:18 me you know the master said don't wait till
279:21 said don't wait till tomorrow you may
279:25 tomorrow you may De
279:27 De Young I want to
279:29 Young I want to play said
279:32 play said we just one more
279:35 we just one more day don't you know
279:36 day don't you know [Music]
279:38 [Music] how know wish
279:42 how know wish [Music]
279:49 now were those who said that we would get here only over that dead body
279:52 get here only over that dead body well and all the world today knows that
279:56 well and all the world today knows that we are here and we are standing before
279:59 we are here and we are standing before the forces of power in the state of
280:02 the forces of power in the state of Alabama saying we ain't going to let
280:04 Alabama saying we ain't going to let nobody turn us
280:06 nobody turn us [Applause]
280:09 [Applause] around I come to say to you this
280:12 around I come to say to you this afternoon however difficult the moment
280:15 afternoon however difficult the moment yes sir however frustrating the hour it
280:19 yes sir however frustrating the hour it will not be long because truth Crush
280:22 will not be long because truth Crush Earth will rise
280:25 Earth will rise again how long not long yes sir because
280:28 again how long not long yes sir because no lie can live forever yes sir how long
280:33 no lie can live forever yes sir how long not long because the Ark of the moral
280:36 not long because the Ark of the moral universe is long but it bends toward
280:39 universe is long but it bends toward Justice how long
280:42 Justice how long not long not because mine eyes have seen
280:45 not long not because mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord
280:48 the glory of the coming of the Lord Glory
280:49 Glory Hallelujah Glory
280:52 Hallelujah Glory Hallelujah Glory Hallelujah Glory
280:56 Hallelujah Glory Hallelujah Glory [Applause]
281:09 Hallelujah in the summer 65 Johnson gets that voting rights don't
281:11 that voting rights don't [Music]
281:15 [Music] than certainly the 64 Civil Rights Act
281:18 than certainly the 64 Civil Rights Act led to dramatic changes but politically
281:20 led to dramatic changes but politically at least in the short run the Voting
281:23 at least in the short run the Voting Rights Act was even more dramatic this
281:26 Rights Act was even more dramatic this is an examination room at the central
281:28 is an examination room at the central post office in downtown Birmingham where
281:31 post office in downtown Birmingham where under the federal Voting Rights Act of
281:33 under the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 Federal officials are examining
281:36 1965 Federal officials are examining people to determine their qualifications
281:38 people to determine their qualifications to register and vote under the laws of
281:40 to register and vote under the laws of Alabama
281:42 Alabama once the Voting Rights Act was passed
281:45 once the Voting Rights Act was passed and people got the right to vote they
281:47 and people got the right to vote they stopped sitting in and started voting
281:49 stopped sitting in and started voting and that turned out to be much more
281:50 and that turned out to be much more effective the number of blacks who began
281:53 effective the number of blacks who began voting across the South the number of
281:55 voting across the South the number of black office holders at the local level
281:57 black office holders at the local level at the state level at the Congressional
282:00 at the state level at the Congressional level one of the greatest changes in
282:04 level one of the greatest changes in American society
282:16 this is what James Meredith intends to do for the next two weeks March along
282:19 do for the next two weeks March along the highways of Mississippi a state
282:21 the highways of Mississippi a state where he is one of the most hated men
282:23 where he is one of the most hated men alive his purpose Meredith hopes to
282:26 alive his purpose Meredith hopes to encourage unregistered Negroes along the
282:28 encourage unregistered Negroes along the way to qualify as voters he also by his
282:31 way to qualify as voters he also by his very presence hopes to dispel some of
282:34 very presence hopes to dispel some of the fear Negros have in the
282:36 the fear Negros have in the south in 1965 with the passage of the
282:39 south in 1965 with the passage of the Voting Rights Act you'd have thought
282:41 Voting Rights Act you'd have thought anything was possible but then very
282:45 anything was possible but then very quickly after that things start to fall
282:54 apart I'm shot in the leg other leg as James meredi was walking along the
282:57 James meredi was walking along the highway a gunman stepped out of the
283:00 highway a gunman stepped out of the woods and just blasted him with a
283:04 woods and just blasted him with a shotgun Meredith was taken to a Memphis
283:07 shotgun Meredith was taken to a Memphis Hospital under police guard his Blood
283:10 Hospital under police guard his Blood Still Remains on on the
283:13 Still Remains on on the highway once he was shot then there had
283:16 highway once he was shot then there had to be some response by the movement they
283:19 to be some response by the movement they had to show that the segregationist
283:21 had to show that the segregationist can't win that
283:24 can't win that way they got together and decided to
283:28 way they got together and decided to continue the March stokeley carmichel
283:30 continue the March stokeley carmichel and Martin Luther King stokeley
283:33 and Martin Luther King stokeley carmichel was very much unlike the
283:35 carmichel was very much unlike the bashville group in terms of his
283:36 bashville group in terms of his perspective we feel that we must
283:38 perspective we feel that we must continue this March right now that is it
283:41 continue this March right now that is it is urgent to do it and we will be
283:43 is urgent to do it and we will be calling on people of Good Will from all
283:46 calling on people of Good Will from all over the nation to join us in this mod
283:49 over the nation to join us in this mod Martin Luther King was almost at the
283:51 Martin Luther King was almost at the level of sainthood stokeley carmichel
283:53 level of sainthood stokeley carmichel understood that he needed that symbol in
283:55 understood that he needed that symbol in order to provide legitimacy for what he
283:57 order to provide legitimacy for what he was trying to do we want to put
283:59 was trying to do we want to put President Johnson on the spot he called
284:01 President Johnson on the spot he called a conference two days ago to fulfill
284:03 a conference two days ago to fulfill these rights we want those rights
284:05 these rights we want those rights fulfilled they cannot be fulfilled with
284:07 fulfilled they cannot be fulfilled with words words cannot stop bullets and we
284:10 words words cannot stop bullets and we need action and we needed now from the
284:11 need action and we needed now from the federal
284:13 federal government no more questions no more
284:16 government no more questions no more questions
284:16 questions gentl we
284:24 got the most impressive thing about this march on Mississippi is the developing
284:26 march on Mississippi is the developing Coalition among civil rights leaders
284:29 Coalition among civil rights leaders there are reports of differences between
284:30 there are reports of differences between leaders and they are true but their
284:33 leaders and they are true but their organizations have always been divided a
284:36 organizations have always been divided a split among them is nothing new put them
284:38 split among them is nothing new put them all together on a March in a highway in
284:40 all together on a March in a highway in mississipp Missippi and frictions emerge
284:43 mississipp Missippi and frictions emerge because of personal competition and
284:44 because of personal competition and individual ego our sweat and blood built
284:48 individual ego our sweat and blood built Mississippi and we got to take it over
284:50 Mississippi and we got to take it over because we deserve to have it that's
284:52 because we deserve to have it that's what we working
284:54 what we working for with carel started expressing the
284:58 for with carel started expressing the goal now is black people exercising
285:02 goal now is black people exercising power let me say first that this March
285:05 power let me say first that this March is nonviolent it is a nonviolent
285:09 is nonviolent it is a nonviolent expression of our determination to be
285:12 expression of our determination to be free this is the principle of the March
285:14 free this is the principle of the March and certain that we intend uh to keep
285:17 and certain that we intend uh to keep this March nonviolent Mr Carmichael are
285:20 this March nonviolent Mr Carmichael are you as committed to the nonviolent
285:21 you as committed to the nonviolent approach as Dr King is no I'm not why
285:24 approach as Dr King is no I'm not why aren't you well I just don't see this
285:26 aren't you well I just don't see this way of life I never have but I also
285:28 way of life I never have but I also realize that no one in this country is
285:31 realize that no one in this country is asking the white community in the South
285:32 asking the white community in the South to be nonviolent and that in a sense is
285:35 to be nonviolent and that in a sense is giving them a free license to go ahead
285:37 giving them a free license to go ahead and shoot us at will
285:43 if there was a symbol of white anger at negro protest in the north this summer
285:45 negro protest in the north this summer it was Cicero Illinois a town chosen by
285:48 it was Cicero Illinois a town chosen by Dr Martin Luther King is the pressure
285:50 Dr Martin Luther King is the pressure point in his open housing
285:53 point in his open housing Drive Dr King takes the Civil Rights
285:56 Drive Dr King takes the Civil Rights Movement north to Chicago and the issue
285:59 Movement north to Chicago and the issue is
286:00 is housing the northern scene was a far
286:03 housing the northern scene was a far more complicated scene and did not have
286:06 more complicated scene and did not have the advantage of the Jim Crow law as a
286:09 the advantage of the Jim Crow law as a Target it was once thing for Northern
286:12 Target it was once thing for Northern liberals when the issue was integration
286:14 liberals when the issue was integration in Selma it's quite a different thing
286:16 in Selma it's quite a different thing when it was in Cicero if let's say 10 or
286:19 when it was in Cicero if let's say 10 or 20 families moved into Cicero which is a
286:22 20 families moved into Cicero which is a town of
286:23 town of 70,000 they get killed it's the
286:26 70,000 they get killed it's the beginning of serious white backlash
286:29 beginning of serious white backlash against the entire Civil Rights
286:33 against the entire Civil Rights Movement the nation suddenly learned
286:35 Movement the nation suddenly learned what it should have known that racial
286:37 what it should have known that racial Prejudice was not just a southern
286:39 Prejudice was not just a southern problem it was Nationwide if whites in
286:42 problem it was Nationwide if whites in the north formerly could comfort
286:44 the north formerly could comfort themselves by pointing an accusing
286:46 themselves by pointing an accusing finger at the South they could do so no
286:48 finger at the South they could do so no longer South during once again is
286:51 longer South during once again is showing open hostility towards the Civil
286:53 showing open hostility towards the Civil Rights demonstrators these people here
286:56 Rights demonstrators these people here are firmly opposed to these marches
286:58 are firmly opposed to these marches moreover they don't see where they serve
287:00 moreover they don't see where they serve any useful purpose most of the national
287:03 any useful purpose most of the national press categorizes Chicago as a defeat
287:06 press categorizes Chicago as a defeat for King
287:14 but I can say that I have never seen even in Mississippi and Alabama mobs as
287:17 even in Mississippi and Alabama mobs as hostiles and as hatefield as I've seen
287:20 hostiles and as hatefield as I've seen in Chicago there was a growing feeling
287:23 in Chicago there was a growing feeling that King's movement wasn't
287:25 that King's movement wasn't working he had lost a lot of support
287:29 working he had lost a lot of support from whites and blacks Martin Luther
287:32 from whites and blacks Martin Luther King is a good man he's my brother he's
287:34 King is a good man he's my brother he's still like me we're all catching hell
287:37 still like me we're all catching hell he's got his approaches of Freedom he's
287:38 he's got his approaches of Freedom he's doing his best and uh he's changed now
287:41 doing his best and uh he's changed now too he sees now that it seems to be
287:43 too he sees now that it seems to be impossible to do what he want to
287:53 do King was rapidly being eclipsed by a younger and much more militant faction
287:55 younger and much more militant faction of the Black Power movement we are not
287:58 of the Black Power movement we are not going to let these white people come
288:00 going to let these white people come into our neighborhood and kill us we are
288:04 into our neighborhood and kill us we are going to put every cracker in Atlanta on
288:07 going to put every cracker in Atlanta on his
288:08 his knees there was a lot of this Community
288:11 knees there was a lot of this Community because the only thing that had really
288:13 because the only thing that had really kept the black community together
288:15 kept the black community together ironically was segregation once that has
288:18 ironically was segregation once that has been
288:19 been overcome then the question is what do
288:21 overcome then the question is what do you want I would like for all of us to
288:23 you want I would like for all of us to believe in nonviolence but I'm here to
288:25 believe in nonviolence but I'm here to say tonight that if every negro in the
288:29 say tonight that if every negro in the United States turns against nonviolence
288:32 United States turns against nonviolence I'm going to stand up as a lone voice
288:35 I'm going to stand up as a lone voice and say this is the wrong way
288:47 I think that there's a realization in this country that black
288:49 realization in this country that black power is not just a mere slogan
288:51 power is not just a mere slogan nationally or internationally it is real
288:55 nationally or internationally it is real that black people can come together and
288:56 that black people can come together and start determining for their lives how
288:58 start determining for their lives how they're going to live and controlling
289:00 they're going to live and controlling their economic and political lives so it
289:02 their economic and political lives so it means that you have to build a movement
289:04 means that you have to build a movement so strong in this country that if one
289:06 so strong in this country that if one black man is touched every black man
289:08 black man is touched every black man will rise up and let this country know
289:10 will rise up and let this country know they're not not going to tolerate it you
289:12 they're not not going to tolerate it you better quit running around here talking
289:13 better quit running around here talking about loving these honkies to death
289:15 about loving these honkies to death during rebellions brother you got to
289:16 during rebellions brother you got to stop looting and start shooting black
289:19 stop looting and start shooting black power
289:20 power [Music]
289:21 [Music] [Applause]
289:25 [Applause]
289:29 brother the issue is one that moves across civil rights moves across poverty
289:32 across civil rights moves across poverty you get this explosion of violence you
289:35 you get this explosion of violence you have the wats riots then
289:38 have the wats riots then subsequently riots in newer in
289:46 Detroit the riots spring to the four the problems of inner city life a
289:48 problems of inner city life a consequence of a generation of neglect
289:51 consequence of a generation of neglect in America's Urban centers this happened
289:54 in America's Urban centers this happened on 12th Street in Detroit in July next
289:57 on 12th Street in Detroit in July next time it could happen downtown or in your
290:01 time it could happen downtown or in your town when you stood in the Lincoln
290:04 town when you stood in the Lincoln Memorial you said I had a dream did that
290:06 Memorial you said I had a dream did that dream Envision the federal government
290:09 dream Envision the federal government preventing the society doing for the
290:10 preventing the society doing for the Negroes that which you think had to be
290:12 Negroes that which you think had to be done it was a high moment a great
290:15 done it was a high moment a great watershed moment but I must confess that
290:18 watershed moment but I must confess that uh that dream that I had that day has at
290:21 uh that dream that I had that day has at many points turned into a nightmare now
290:25 many points turned into a nightmare now I'm not one to lose hope I keep on
290:28 I'm not one to lose hope I keep on hoping uh I still have faith in the
290:31 hoping uh I still have faith in the future but I've had to analyze many
290:34 future but I've had to analyze many things over the last few years and I
290:36 things over the last few years and I would say over the last few months I've
290:38 would say over the last few months I've gone through a lot of souls such as in
290:40 gone through a lot of souls such as in an agonizing moments and some of the old
290:44 an agonizing moments and some of the old optimism was a little superficial and
290:47 optimism was a little superficial and now it must be tempered with a solid
290:49 now it must be tempered with a solid realism and I think the realistic fact
290:51 realism and I think the realistic fact is that we still have a long long way to
291:01 [Music] go Martin Luther King Jr was killed
291:04 go Martin Luther King Jr was killed tonight in Memphis Tennessee shot in the
291:07 tonight in Memphis Tennessee shot in the face as he stood on the balcony of his
291:09 face as he stood on the balcony of his hotel room
291:12 hotel room [Music]
291:25 gone and the main part of everything was over and we knew that the movement would
291:27 over and we knew that the movement would never
291:29 never be the movement as it
291:32 be the movement as it was but then the things that we had
291:36 was but then the things that we had lived and really fought for was one
291:40 lived and really fought for was one [Music]
291:46 [Music] I just want to do God's
291:49 I just want to do God's Will and he's allowed me to go up to the
291:53 Will and he's allowed me to go up to the mountain and I've looked
291:56 mountain and I've looked over and I've
291:58 over and I've seen the promised
292:01 seen the promised land I may not get there with you but I
292:05 land I may not get there with you but I want you to know
292:06 want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to
292:10 tonight that we as a people will get to the promised
292:12 the promised [Music]
292:12 [Music] [Applause]
292:16 [Applause] land so I'm happy tonight I'm not
292:19 land so I'm happy tonight I'm not worried about anything I'm not fearing
292:22 worried about anything I'm not fearing any man my eyes have seen the glory of
292:26 any man my eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the
292:28 the coming of the [Music]
292:33 [Music] Lord there were many kinds of sacrifices
292:37 Lord there were many kinds of sacrifices Made For
292:38 Made For Freedom most Liberation struggle is
292:42 Freedom most Liberation struggle is trying to bring about a better world and
292:46 trying to bring about a better world and a better
292:47 a better Society we had to give everything we had
292:51 Society we had to give everything we had to the
292:53 to the movement we accepted a way of Peace as a
292:57 movement we accepted a way of Peace as a way of life to wear nonviolence as a way
293:00 way of life to wear nonviolence as a way of life as a way of
293:01 of life as a way of living without we forged an agenda in
293:05 living without we forged an agenda in the mind of the
293:07 the mind of the country the movement begins with
293:09 country the movement begins with Montgomery
293:11 Montgomery becomes the sit in campaign the freedom
293:14 becomes the sit in campaign the freedom ride the Birmingham campaign the
293:17 ride the Birmingham campaign the Mississippi summer the Salman of
293:19 Mississippi summer the Salman of Montgomery
293:27 March history will record that those singular cumulative acts of courage
293:31 singular cumulative acts of courage transformed the
293:33 transformed the sum transformed the
293:37 sum transformed the country we wanted to change America make
293:40 country we wanted to change America make American better not just for our
293:43 American better not just for our generation but for Generation yet un
293:45 generation but for Generation yet un [Music]
293:47 [Music] born all of the Civil Rights all the
293:51 born all of the Civil Rights all the marches all the people who have died in
293:55 marches all the people who have died in the Civil Rights struggle will have died
293:57 the Civil Rights struggle will have died in
293:59 in vain if once the opportunity once the
294:02 vain if once the opportunity once the doors are open no one is prepared for it
294:06 doors are open no one is prepared for it I know there's got to be several young
294:07 I know there's got to be several young people here who are like 5 years old
294:10 people here who are like 5 years old right it's now becoming a possibility
294:13 right it's now becoming a possibility that that young man by the time he's 50
294:15 that that young man by the time he's 50 could be running for the president of
294:16 could be running for the president of the United
294:18 the United [Music]
294:28 [Music] States where's
294:35 the British it's
294:36 British it's [Music]
294:39 [Music] not Bel arrived from then on a thousand
294:43 not Bel arrived from then on a thousand different things
294:55 complely there is a desire to get power in order to use it for good how does it
294:59 in order to use it for good how does it feel pop musicians in today's generation
295:02 feel pop musicians in today's generation they can rule the world
296:07 yeah yeah yeah this is Beetle land formerly known as Britain where an
296:09 formerly known as Britain where an epidemic called Beetle Mania has seized
296:12 epidemic called Beetle Mania has seized the teenage population especially
296:14 the teenage population especially female CVS they do a story on what they
296:17 female CVS they do a story on what they probably think is a goofy band from
296:19 probably think is a goofy band from England that's doing quite well these
296:21 England that's doing quite well these four boys from Liverpool with their dish
296:23 four boys from Liverpool with their dish mop hairstyles are Britain's latest
296:25 mop hairstyles are Britain's latest Musical and in fact sociological
296:27 Musical and in fact sociological phenomenon they symbolize the 20th
296:30 phenomenon they symbolize the 20th century non-hero as they make non-m
296:32 century non-hero as they make non-m music wear non-hair Cuts give non
296:36 music wear non-hair Cuts give non Mercy meanwhile yeah yeah yeah this is
296:40 Mercy meanwhile yeah yeah yeah this is Alexander Kendrick in Beatle land some
296:43 Alexander Kendrick in Beatle land some little girl heard just a hint of what
296:46 little girl heard just a hint of what the Beatles were about and starts
296:47 the Beatles were about and starts calling her local DJ the local DJ asks
296:50 calling her local DJ the local DJ asks his friend to bring over a Beatles
296:53 his friend to bring over a Beatles record from England and has the vision
296:55 record from England and has the vision to put it on and hear that there's
296:58 to put it on and hear that there's something happening so Maria Albert of
297:01 something happening so Maria Albert of Dublin Drive of Silver Spring has the
297:04 Dublin Drive of Silver Spring has the honor of introducing something brand new
297:05 honor of introducing something brand new and exclusive here at WWDC Maria the
297:08 and exclusive here at WWDC Maria the microphone here on the Carol James show
297:10 microphone here on the Carol James show is yours ladies and gentlemen for the
297:12 is yours ladies and gentlemen for the first time in the year in the United
297:14 first time in the year in the United States here are the Beatles singing I
297:16 States here are the Beatles singing I Want to Hold Your Hand oh
297:23 [Music] yeah that song really started to take up
297:26 yeah that song really started to take up it was impossible to anticipate how much
297:28 it was impossible to anticipate how much that momentum would
297:31 that momentum would continue hi everybody all over America
297:33 continue hi everybody all over America this is thec party go
297:42 go that's song was absolutely contagious and I think the teenager found a
297:47 and I think the teenager found a voice happening baby the
297:50 voice happening baby the [Music]
297:57 beetle there was a moment where you just heard this is our music now it was like
297:59 heard this is our music now it was like here in the
298:01 here in the [Music]
298:08 future but I have to ask how you first found out about this syia and I first
298:10 found out about this syia and I first ran about the Beatles get London Airport
298:13 ran about the Beatles get London Airport there was an enormous crowd of kids
298:15 there was an enormous crowd of kids gather around syvia and I asked him what
298:18 gather around syvia and I asked him what was going on they said the Beetles are
298:20 was going on they said the Beetles are here we didn't even know who the Beatles
298:23 here we didn't even know who the Beatles were we never heard of them and that
298:24 were we never heard of them and that night I booked Ringo Star Paul McCartney
298:27 night I booked Ringo Star Paul McCartney George Harrison and John Lennon for
298:30 George Harrison and John Lennon for three shows for
298:36 $10,000 you know for four white guys who were British the come out of nowhere and
298:38 were British the come out of nowhere and be everywhere was quite unbelievable The
298:41 be everywhere was quite unbelievable The Beatles are a bunch of guys from
298:43 Beatles are a bunch of guys from Liverpool I mean people in London would
298:46 Liverpool I mean people in London would have looked down at Liverpool back then
298:48 have looked down at Liverpool back then but Liverpool was a port town and these
298:50 but Liverpool was a port town and these Port Towns become places where all sorts
298:53 Port Towns become places where all sorts of Contraband gets exchanged and one of
298:55 of Contraband gets exchanged and one of them at that point was great music a lot
298:59 them at that point was great music a lot of the sailors and people that were
299:00 of the sailors and people that were coming back from America were bringing
299:02 coming back from America were bringing back these records you know some were
299:03 back these records you know some were pop records somewhere called race
299:05 pop records somewhere called race records because they were by black
299:08 records because they were by black artists you be true
299:10 artists you be true oh
299:11 oh mine why can't you read the level of
299:15 mine why can't you read the level of influence that American rock and roll
299:17 influence that American rock and roll Blues country and western mtown had on
299:21 Blues country and western mtown had on those kids growing up in England was
299:23 those kids growing up in England was really
299:24 really [Music]
299:32 [Music] amazing so I would listen to Buddy Holly
299:34 amazing so I would listen to Buddy Holly and Jean Vincent and Jerry Lee Lewis fat
299:37 and Jean Vincent and Jerry Lee Lewis fat stomo all the great rock and rollers
299:40 stomo all the great rock and rollers blue it was like a new language for us
299:43 blue it was like a new language for us the power of the jukebox there is
299:47 the power of the jukebox there is nothing quite like
299:48 nothing quite like [Music]
299:53 [Music] it the Beatles took a bunch of those
299:56 it the Beatles took a bunch of those strains the Everly Brothers from the 50s
299:58 strains the Everly Brothers from the 50s is a big influence for them with the
300:00 is a big influence for them with the [Music]
300:03 [Music] harmonies
300:06 harmonies up
300:08 up up wake up Beatles in Liverpool are
300:11 up wake up Beatles in Liverpool are taking this pop sound but putting their
300:13 taking this pop sound but putting their own spin on
300:14 own spin on [Music]
300:23 [Music] it what is the sound how does it differ
300:26 it what is the sound how does it differ from other rock and roll and pop it's
300:28 from other rock and roll and pop it's just happened that all of a sudden
300:31 just happened that all of a sudden hundreds of rock groups all from
300:32 hundreds of rock groups all from Liverpool made records and it was a bit
300:36 Liverpool made records and it was a bit more like the original rock and roll
300:38 more like the original rock and roll than the stuff they've had
300:40 than the stuff they've had over the last few
300:42 over the last few months initially there was no tradition
300:45 months initially there was no tradition of Great British bands conquering
300:48 of Great British bands conquering America that had not happened but it's
300:50 America that had not happened but it's that moment where everything
300:53 that moment where everything [Applause]
300:54 [Applause] [Music]
300:55 [Music] [Applause]
301:06 turns there's no single moment that more embodies the moment when rock and roll
301:09 embodies the moment when rock and roll became the province of
301:11 became the province of teenagers there something that you would
301:13 teenagers there something that you would not just love but that you would go
301:15 not just love but that you would go crazy
301:26 for that come to this country taking all our women away and everybody's going
301:29 our women away and everybody's going crazy about
301:31 crazy about [Music]
301:32 [Music] them was like aliens landed look at how
301:35 them was like aliens landed look at how they look and how they act and they wow
301:43 [Music] we came here at 6:00 in the morning 5 to
301:46 we came here at 6:00 in the morning 5 to see them and all they do is push your
301:47 see them and all they do is push your father fall away and then they don't
301:49 father fall away and then they don't even let you see I got every Beetle
301:52 even let you see I got every Beetle record at home you didn't get to see him
301:54 record at home you didn't get to see him what kind of police protection I like to
301:57 what kind of police protection I like to get a pie
301:59 get a pie of know they
302:02 of know they [Music]
302:16 the reporters had the same attitude that most adults in America had which was no
302:19 most adults in America had which was no one took musicians seriously they didn't
302:21 one took musicians seriously they didn't understand anything about youth culture
302:23 understand anything about youth culture tell cut that crap
302:31 out the Press had gone into this with the idea that this was a useful novelty
302:34 the idea that this was a useful novelty that could be dismissed and maybe even
302:36 that could be dismissed and maybe even deflated in a press conference to get a
302:39 deflated in a press conference to get a haircut at
302:41 haircut at no no I had one
302:47 yesterday you guys are but a bunch of britishy not true it's not
302:55 true pleas sing something no sorry next
302:58 no sorry next questioning no we need money
303:00 questioning no we need money first when you saw them sparring with
303:03 first when you saw them sparring with the press it was just another aspect of
303:05 the press it was just another aspect of them that made them even more
303:08 them that made them even more unique tomorrow night seven The Beatles
303:10 unique tomorrow night seven The Beatles read their own poetry on a documentary
303:13 read their own poetry on a documentary Meet The Beatles all over the world full
303:16 Meet The Beatles all over the world full hour with understand if Elvis was the
303:19 hour with understand if Elvis was the first wave of Mega fandom then the
303:22 first wave of Mega fandom then the Beatles sort of blew that out the water
303:25 Beatles sort of blew that out the water to the point where even Elvis was losing
303:35 sleep the city never has witnessed the excitement stirred by these youngsters
303:37 excitement stirred by these youngsters from Liverpool ladies and gentlemen the
303:57 [Music] gentlemen she was just
304:00 gentlemen she was just 17 you know what I
304:04 17 you know what I mean the Beatles showed up with their
304:07 mean the Beatles showed up with their great sense of humor their completely
304:10 great sense of humor their completely infectious pop songs they're you know
304:13 infectious pop songs they're you know they
304:14 they everything was just impossible not to
304:17 everything was just impossible not to fall in love with them as soon as they
304:20 fall in love with them as soon as they started playing on The Ed suent Show we
304:21 started playing on The Ed suent Show we all knew they're playing live cuz that
304:24 all knew they're playing live cuz that doesn't sound like the
304:35 record the idea of driving swinging R&B mixed with imaginative word playing
304:37 mixed with imaginative word playing lyrics and harmonies and the perfect
304:40 lyrics and harmonies and the perfect thre minute record they defined
304:42 thre minute record they defined [Music]
304:50 it the Beatles took this dream of what America represented the freedom that was
304:53 America represented the freedom that was in American music and they brought it
304:55 in American music and they brought it back to us with an excitement and a
304:58 back to us with an excitement and a ferocity that we didn't have and with
304:59 ferocity that we didn't have and with longer
305:00 longer [Music]
305:05 [Music] hair 73 million people watched that
305:17 [Music] night when the Beatles did the Sullivan
305:19 night when the Beatles did the Sullivan Show everything at the radio station
305:21 Show everything at the radio station changed there were no more requests
305:23 changed there were no more requests other than the
305:30 Beatles looking back I believe without it solivan there wouldn't have been the
305:32 it solivan there wouldn't have been the British Invasion
305:34 British Invasion [Music]
305:41 on the BAC [Music]
305:51 maker it wasn't just the Beatles the British Invasion had legs because there
305:54 British Invasion had legs because there was more great music to back it
305:57 was more great music to back it up a big hello come on Rick Hatley I'm L
306:02 up a big hello come on Rick Hatley I'm L I'm on Dennis I'm Dave for the first 6
306:06 I'm on Dennis I'm Dave for the first 6 months they were singing they sold over
306:07 months they were singing they sold over a million records of month and in the
306:10 a million records of month and in the words of one of their biggest hit songs
306:12 words of one of their biggest hit songs we're Mighty glad all over to have him
306:14 we're Mighty glad all over to have him with us tonight ladies and gentlemen the
306:16 with us tonight ladies and gentlemen the Dave
306:29 Clark all of the time all the time you say that you need me say you need me
306:33 say that you need me say you need me you're always
306:35 you're always [Music]
306:50 baby rivaling The Beetles now is the top singing group in Britain how do you feel
306:52 singing group in Britain how do you feel about that um well very pleased but um I
306:55 about that um well very pleased but um I don't think you'd say we'll be Rivals we
306:57 don't think you'd say we'll be Rivals we get a completely different sound we were
307:00 get a completely different sound we were the first band to tour America we did I
307:02 the first band to tour America we did I think it was 46 cities then you realized
307:05 think it was 46 cities then you realized you've made it
307:07 you've made it [Music]
307:10 [Music] and suddenly it's like the gates of hell
307:12 and suddenly it's like the gates of hell are
307:12 are [Music]
307:16 [Music] open and you know every transatlantic
307:18 open and you know every transatlantic oceaner seems to have another British
307:20 oceaner seems to have another British band on that Rockets up to the top of
307:22 band on that Rockets up to the top of the American
307:30 [Music] charts there was this powder keg of
307:32 charts there was this powder keg of energy from the young people in England
307:35 energy from the young people in England and touched the flame to fuse and boom
307:39 and touched the flame to fuse and boom [Music]
307:39 [Music] [Applause]
307:41 [Applause] walk down
307:42 walk down [Music]
307:50 [Music] high maybe she's not there but they're
307:52 high maybe she's not there but they're here and they're the
307:58 [Music] zombies
308:08 know trying to find her she's not there let me tell about the way she
308:10 there let me tell about the way she looked the way she had the color of her
308:14 looked the way she had the color of her her were s and cold her eyes were clear
308:22 on I loved the zombies because they were keyboard
308:28 oriented Rod arent the first guy to really developed the idea of rock and
308:31 really developed the idea of rock and roll soloing on a keyboard and it's a
308:34 roll soloing on a keyboard and it's a first time welcome now for that top four
308:36 first time welcome now for that top four with their top hit you really got me
308:37 with their top hit you really got me going the king
308:50 The Kinks were already you know very big band in the UK but if you break in
308:52 band in the UK but if you break in America you break big and you sell a lot
308:54 America you break big and you sell a lot of
309:02 [Music] Records you really got me got me I got
309:07 Records you really got me got me I got night got me
309:18 before you were called the animals you had another name what made you change it
309:19 had another name what made you change it to the animals well because we were a
309:21 to the animals well because we were a bunch of animals the animals were
309:24 bunch of animals the animals were grittier R&B based band with Eric Burton
309:28 grittier R&B based band with Eric Burton who wasn't cute like a beetle he was a
309:30 who wasn't cute like a beetle he was a little more dangerous now you're going
309:33 little more dangerous now you're going to do the uh new record for us yeah and
309:35 to do the uh new record for us yeah and it's called The House of the Rising Sun
309:42 that song was a song that Bob Dylan had already recorded a year or two earlier
309:44 already recorded a year or two earlier like a folk traditional
309:46 like a folk traditional Song Bob came along his album house the
309:49 Song Bob came along his album house the Rising Sun it was crying out to be
309:52 Rising Sun it was crying out to be [Music]
309:58 [Music] rocked my new blue jeans yeah
310:04 rocked my new blue jeans yeah [Music]
310:14 [Music] the English group music thing also arose
310:17 the English group music thing also arose where groups not only were performing
310:19 where groups not only were performing their own stuff compact on the stage
310:22 their own stuff compact on the stage they didn't need anyone else they just
310:23 they didn't need anyone else they just had the four blocks with their
310:24 had the four blocks with their amplifiers guitars and they could do the
310:27 amplifiers guitars and they could do the lot the who just sort of like in that
310:31 lot the who just sort of like in that catalytic converter of rock and roll
310:33 catalytic converter of rock and roll they were maybe the most explosive
310:34 they were maybe the most explosive musical unit
310:44 [Music] yeah it was interesting The Beatles all
310:45 yeah it was interesting The Beatles all lock in and play together and help each
310:48 lock in and play together and help each [Music]
310:50 [Music] other the who was like four different
310:53 other the who was like four different creatures who weren't even like noticing
310:55 creatures who weren't even like noticing each
310:56 each other everyone in the who was like the
310:58 other everyone in the who was like the lead player in the
311:01 lead player in the [Music]
311:01 [Music] [Applause]
311:03 [Applause] who all these great bands created this
311:06 who all these great bands created this thirst in music but the ones that really
311:08 thirst in music but the ones that really had the true true Talent have really
311:10 had the true true Talent have really stood the test of time five singing boys
311:13 stood the test of time five singing boys from England who sold a lot of
311:20 albums all the Rolling Stones I've been ruled while I was stoned
311:23 ruled while I was stoned myself I know what they're singing about
311:25 myself I know what they're singing about but uh here they are
311:32 [Music] at I don't want be
311:35 at I don't want be no I don't want you work
311:39 no I don't want you work day I don't
311:47 want I just to make and here come the stones we are the
311:50 make and here come the stones we are the bad boys of this British Invasion and
311:53 bad boys of this British Invasion and the girls weren't
311:55 the girls weren't [Music]
311:58 [Music] crazy sex thing or it's
312:02 crazy sex thing or it's [Music]
312:08 sexual you you've been doing this now for how how many years is it two years
312:10 for how how many years is it two years two years how much longer do you give
312:12 two years how much longer do you give yourself doing this thing going around
312:14 yourself doing this thing going around being a sort
312:15 being a sort of I don't know I never thought we'd be
312:18 of I don't know I never thought we'd be I'd be doing it for two years even you
312:20 I'd be doing it for two years even you know I think we sort of pretty well set
312:22 know I think we sort of pretty well set up for at least another
312:31 year well when we first started playing together we started playing because we
312:32 together we started playing because we wanted to play rhythm and blues and
312:34 wanted to play rhythm and blues and harling wolf was one of our greatest
312:36 harling wolf was one of our greatest idols and it's a great pleasure to find
312:37 idols and it's a great pleasure to find he's been booked on this show tonight
312:39 he's been booked on this show tonight really is a pleasure than to so I think
312:41 really is a pleasure than to so I think it's about time you shut up and we had
312:42 it's about time you shut up and we had Howling Wolf on
312:47 stage wolf [Music]
312:57 how the Rolling Stones invite Howen wolf who is a 60-year-old black man from the
313:00 who is a 60-year-old black man from the southide of Chicago who never in a
313:02 southide of Chicago who never in a million years would have been on shindig
313:04 million years would have been on shindig and there he is you could believe
313:09 and there he is you could believe the stones clearly wore their heart on
313:11 the stones clearly wore their heart on their sleeves for blues and R&B you can
313:14 their sleeves for blues and R&B you can hear traces of delta blues inside of
313:17 hear traces of delta blues inside of Keith's
313:23 guitar they tried to be as authentic to the core as possible even so much that
313:25 the core as possible even so much that you know their first few American
313:27 you know their first few American recordings were done in chess in
313:30 recordings were done in chess in Chicago the
313:37 dog the out
313:39 the out we've got to get the Chicago kids used
313:41 we've got to get the Chicago kids used to rhythm and blues that's where it
313:42 to rhythm and blues that's where it started you know the white people over
313:44 started you know the white people over there know nothing about rhythm and
313:46 there know nothing about rhythm and blues at all because it's NE music isn't
313:48 blues at all because it's NE music isn't it in America even in the black
313:50 it in America even in the black community to some degree had had
313:51 community to some degree had had abandoned certain aspects of Black
313:53 abandoned certain aspects of Black Culture even by the mid-60s the Blues in
313:55 Culture even by the mid-60s the Blues in particular had been sort of pushed aside
313:58 particular had been sort of pushed aside by Soul music and R&B which considered
314:00 by Soul music and R&B which considered more
314:02 more modern are you pretty women standing Al
314:07 modern are you pretty women standing Al They L you baby
314:09 They L you baby one the stones the animals the guard
314:13 one the stones the animals the guard Birds British groups picked up the
314:15 Birds British groups picked up the American Blues where the American group
314:17 American Blues where the American group they kind of Let It
314:19 they kind of Let It Go and in a strange way we were taking
314:22 Go and in a strange way we were taking back to America what America had given
314:24 back to America what America had given us which was American
314:27 us which was American [Music]
314:34 [Music] Music you and Chuck have kind of Taken
314:36 Music you and Chuck have kind of Taken England by storm how do you feel about
314:38 England by storm how do you feel about other people borrowing your material I'm
314:41 other people borrowing your material I'm very grateful to know that my material
314:43 very grateful to know that my material is uh the type of material that the
314:45 is uh the type of material that the entertainers today would like to
314:48 entertainers today would like to [Music]
314:56 [Applause] [Music]
315:11 use the British in played a huge role in not just introducing themselves to
315:13 not just introducing themselves to America but reintroducing a lot of black
315:15 America but reintroducing a lot of black music to mainstream
315:20 [Music] [Applause]
315:43 the same year that the Beatles play on uh atan for the first time is the year
315:44 uh atan for the first time is the year the Tammy show comes out as a movie you
315:47 the Tammy show comes out as a movie you know and Tammy show's got everybody the
315:49 know and Tammy show's got everybody the Tammy show was really the first Rock and
315:52 Tammy show was really the first Rock and Roll concert movie Stones headlining and
315:56 Roll concert movie Stones headlining and the first time that us white kids got to
315:58 the first time that us white kids got to see James Brown and nobody you know will
316:01 see James Brown and nobody you know will ever get over it
316:13 everyone remembers James Brown's performance he gave them what black
316:15 performance he gave them what black audiences have been seeing for years but
316:17 audiences have been seeing for years but had not really been seen outside of the
316:19 had not really been seen outside of the black community and people were
316:21 black community and people were electrified by
316:28 it J Brown just kills the show just like What's the phrase they have in gospel
316:30 What's the phrase they have in gospel music he wrecks house
316:33 music he wrecks house [Applause]
316:35 [Applause] [Music]
316:35 [Music] [Applause]
316:40 [Applause] and it really began his journey into
316:43 and it really began his journey into becoming a mainstream
316:50 [Applause] [Music]
317:10 figure the stones then close and they refer to it as the biggest mistake they
317:11 refer to it as the biggest mistake they ever made following James
317:18 [Music] [Applause]
317:21 [Applause] [Music]
317:32 Brown we see you know Jagger coming alive you know doing things that he
317:33 alive you know doing things that he hadn't done before it was great because
317:36 hadn't done before it was great because you're seeing a seasoned professional
317:38 you're seeing a seasoned professional with James Brown and a young performer
317:41 with James Brown and a young performer and band figure out who the hell they
317:43 and band figure out who the hell they [Music]
317:44 [Music] [Applause]
317:46 [Applause] [Music]
317:58 are when I say stot I mean stot don't K me sir I was leted astray oh shut up
318:00 me sir I was leted astray oh shut up John they're waiting for you in the
318:02 John they're waiting for you in the studio G I'm down to do a bit of work a
318:04 studio G I'm down to do a bit of work a listen to teachers pet take the class
318:06 listen to teachers pet take the class I'll lay off you get a move on waiting
318:09 I'll lay off you get a move on waiting for
318:11 for you it's been
318:13 you it's been a night Hard Days Night sort of just
318:16 a night Hard Days Night sort of just perfectly encapsulated Beetle Mania it
318:17 perfectly encapsulated Beetle Mania it is the most perfect representation of
318:20 is the most perfect representation of 1964
318:22 1964 Beatles Brian Epstein said if the
318:25 Beatles Brian Epstein said if the Beatles were going to go they were going
318:26 Beatles were going to go they were going to go big and they went big the fact
318:29 to go big and they went big the fact that the Beatles were exposed as writers
318:32 that the Beatles were exposed as writers of head songs Expos them to the public
318:35 of head songs Expos them to the public even more than perhaps just a hop
318:37 even more than perhaps just a hop singing Idol wood
318:42 they made the announcement that they were going to tour
318:44 were going to tour America Beatles wanted
318:47 America Beatles wanted $25,000 well I didn't have
318:49 $25,000 well I didn't have $25,000 and so I borrowed $25,000 on the
318:53 $25,000 and so I borrowed $25,000 on the house there were no computers but we
318:55 house there were no computers but we sold it out in 3 and 1/2 hours 17,000
318:59 sold it out in 3 and 1/2 hours 17,000 screaming youngsters have jammed the way
319:01 screaming youngsters have jammed the way into the huge Amphitheater but they're
319:04 into the huge Amphitheater but they're the lucky ones outside thousands of
319:06 the lucky ones outside thousands of others were not so fortunate
319:10 others were not so fortunate here they are
319:28 [Music] the The Beatles output was phenomenal
319:32 the The Beatles output was phenomenal they seem to always be either touring
319:34 they seem to always be either touring making a movie or making a record
319:46 hello see these little fellas they're The Beatles inflatable Beatles they're
319:49 The Beatles inflatable Beatles they're yours for just
319:51 yours for just [Music]
319:54 [Music] $2 they had posters and magazines and
319:58 $2 they had posters and magazines and stickers and dolls and cartoons like
320:01 stickers and dolls and cartoons like this is the start of where the teenager
320:04 this is the start of where the teenager becomes the most desirable Target for
320:07 becomes the most desirable Target for the dollar
320:09 the dollar I lived in a projects in Brooklyn you
320:11 I lived in a projects in Brooklyn you know in a black community and the
320:13 know in a black community and the Beatles were everywhere so it wasn't
320:15 Beatles were everywhere so it wasn't like this was a white phenomenon they
320:16 like this was a white phenomenon they were
320:18 were everywhere The Beatles created a rock
320:20 everywhere The Beatles created a rock industry they were selling in ways that
320:22 industry they were selling in ways that no one had ever sold before and they
320:24 no one had ever sold before and they were playing venues that were bigger
320:25 were playing venues that were bigger than anyone had ever played before
320:28 than anyone had ever played before ladies and
320:30 ladies and gentlemen honored by their
320:33 gentlemen honored by their country decorated by their
320:37 country decorated by their Queen and love here in
320:39 Queen and love here in America here are the
320:58 you help me my back on the
321:00 the youe help me help me help me
321:13 you got time to actually spend this money what money Mone doesn't he give
321:16 money what money Mone doesn't he give any to you no no you see that car
321:20 any to you no no you see that car is the Beatles taught every other band
321:22 is the Beatles taught every other band that writing your own music made you
321:25 that writing your own music made you more
321:26 more [Music]
321:33 [Music] powerful got rhyme last got RH I think
321:37 powerful got rhyme last got RH I think what's really funny about a band like
321:38 what's really funny about a band like the stones is they did tons of covers on
321:39 the stones is they did tons of covers on their first couple of albums it wasn't
321:41 their first couple of albums it wasn't until they really figured out how to
321:43 until they really figured out how to write their own songs that they really
321:44 write their own songs that they really became a real band they really had to
321:46 became a real band they really had to find their own
322:04 [Music] voice safac
322:11 I Can't Get No
322:13 No Satisfaction the try and I tried and I
322:18 Satisfaction the try and I tried and I tried I tried I can't get
322:23 tried I tried I can't get no I can't
322:27 no I can't get I'm ding in
322:30 get I'm ding in my and a man comes on the
322:34 my and a man comes on the radio he telling me more more got some
322:39 radio he telling me more more got some useless information supposed to find my
322:44 useless information supposed to find my imagination I can't
322:48 imagination I can't get there was a dialogue that was going
322:50 get there was a dialogue that was going on between Soul music and the British
322:53 on between Soul music and the British Invasion a because there's a way for me
322:55 Invasion a because there's a way for me to make a nod to the mainstream and be
322:57 to make a nod to the mainstream and be because the songs you know were
322:59 because the songs you know were [Music]
323:05 good his satisfaction is fantastic he doesn't know all the words even and he
323:07 doesn't know all the words even and he doesn't care he's just kind of singing a
323:18 song at the time Motown and the British Invasion they're going hand in hand with
323:20 Invasion they're going hand in hand with sort of redefining what America dances
323:23 sort of redefining what America dances and listens and socializes
323:31 too mtown it evolved with the rest of the world but we did have to compete
323:33 the world but we did have to compete with this British invad for places on
323:36 with this British invad for places on the church
323:49 [Music] the first time I heard You Really Got A
323:50 the first time I heard You Really Got A Hold On Me by The Beatles I was very
323:52 Hold On Me by The Beatles I was very very very
324:01 happy The Beatles chose one of my songs and they wrote great songs
324:10 [Music] did
324:12 did something
324:14 something [Music]
324:18 [Music] wrong
324:19 wrong [Music]
324:23 [Music] now for
324:25 now for yest day
324:49 this is called hey Mr Tambourine Man please play a song for
324:52 please play a song for me a lot of the stuff that Dylan wrote
324:54 me a lot of the stuff that Dylan wrote in 63 64 65 was very political it wasn't
324:57 in 63 64 65 was very political it wasn't really what the Beatles were doing and
324:58 really what the Beatles were doing and it wasn't what the stones were doing or
324:59 it wasn't what the stones were doing or The Kinks were doing or any of those
325:00 The Kinks were doing or any of those rock and roll bands and for a period of
325:02 rock and roll bands and for a period of time there was this distinction between
325:04 time there was this distinction between the folk culture and The Rock and Roll
325:07 the folk culture and The Rock and Roll culture hey
325:08 culture hey Mr Tambourine Man play a song for me I'm
325:13 Mr Tambourine Man play a song for me I'm not sleepy and there is no
325:16 not sleepy and there is no place in 1964 during that first tour The
325:20 place in 1964 during that first tour The Beatles had the opportunity to meet Bob
325:22 Beatles had the opportunity to meet Bob Dylan he understood what they were doing
325:24 Dylan he understood what they were doing musically and they were awakened by the
325:26 musically and they were awakened by the more personal perspective of his
325:30 more personal perspective of his songs Dy was a huge influence on John
325:32 songs Dy was a huge influence on John lenon I think it inspired them to write
325:34 lenon I think it inspired them to write more serious songs deeper songs and be
325:37 more serious songs deeper songs and be more experimental lyric pleas I want a
325:41 more experimental lyric pleas I want a girl I
325:44 girl I say Bob Dyan going electric is another
325:47 say Bob Dyan going electric is another one of those big seismic changes in the
325:51 one of those big seismic changes in the pop music era in the'
325:52 pop music era in the' [Applause]
325:56 [Applause] 60s he was bold enough to leave his
326:00 60s he was bold enough to leave his comfort
326:02 comfort zone going to work on mag's Farm no more
326:12 it's not just about Dylan going electric but it's also about the fusion of an
326:15 but it's also about the fusion of an emerging tradition and popular music
326:17 emerging tradition and popular music that was really political with rock and
326:19 that was really political with rock and roll which had largely not been overtly
326:31 political there's nothing like the feeling of your
326:33 feeling of your audience not being with you and walking
326:35 audience not being with you and walking out on you people took it personally you
326:38 out on you people took it personally you know who needs him anymore he's part of
326:41 know who needs him anymore he's part of your establishment and forget
326:48 him are all my friends deserve they felt betrayed like
326:51 friends deserve they felt betrayed like you're supposed to be our Woody Guthrie
326:52 you're supposed to be our Woody Guthrie and you sold
327:03 [Music] out on your
327:06 out on your own with
327:12 and not only did he take it but he managed to just choke hold them all and
327:15 managed to just choke hold them all and make them see his
327:23 [Music] vision other musicians started bringing
327:26 vision other musicians started bringing poetry and politics and soul searching
327:30 poetry and politics and soul searching to popular
327:31 to popular music know and shall we all brothers and
327:36 music know and shall we all brothers and we all free it was obvious to me and the
327:39 we all free it was obvious to me and the holl that we had a a responsibility as
327:41 holl that we had a a responsibility as artists to reflect our world around us
327:44 artists to reflect our world around us and we utilized our music to be able to
327:46 and we utilized our music to be able to reach people pop musicians in today's
327:49 reach people pop musicians in today's generation are in a fantastic position
327:51 generation are in a fantastic position they could rule the world man I don't AR
327:54 they could rule the world man I don't AR show it to the world so why don't we do
327:56 show it to the world so why don't we do more of it we can stop world wars before
327:59 more of it we can stop world wars before they ever started I disagree I don't
328:01 they ever started I disagree I don't believe that you know who start World
328:03 believe that you know who start World Wars do you know who start World Wars
328:05 Wars do you know who start World Wars people that are over 40 really they
328:07 people that are over 40 really they really want conversation was Unstoppable
328:09 really want conversation was Unstoppable you couldn't shut it
328:12 you couldn't shut it [Music]
328:15 [Music] down he Healy in his body and
328:30 his I think Ray Davies from The Kinks and Pete townzen from the who were the
328:32 and Pete townzen from the who were the two social commentators
328:34 two social commentators [Music]
328:49 talking about my generation I die before I get old talking about
328:53 I get old talking about [Music]
328:57 [Music] my don't you
328:59 my don't you all fade
329:02 all fade away don't try and dig what we all
329:05 away don't try and dig what we all talking about the generation
329:08 talking about the generation [Applause]
329:15 every political move Nation to nation is really to try and break down these
329:18 really to try and break down these barriers between
329:30 people all of them were obsessively listening to one another and what became
329:34 listening to one another and what became the game was who can take rock and roll
329:37 the game was who can take rock and roll someplace more
329:39 someplace more [Music]
329:47 interesting you're i'
329:48 you're i' [Music]
329:51 [Music] be I need you know records had been two
329:56 be I need you know records had been two or three of your singles some covers of
329:59 or three of your singles some covers of some other artist song and just a bunch
330:01 some other artist song and just a bunch of filler Rubber Soul basically start
330:05 of filler Rubber Soul basically start the idea of the record as a complete
330:07 the idea of the record as a complete statement
330:08 statement that's really a game
330:20 changer I think that Brian and the Beach Boys felt that he didn't fit into to
330:23 Boys felt that he didn't fit into to this new British Invasion thing that was
330:26 this new British Invasion thing that was happening
330:38 [Music] when the Beach Boys heard Rubber Soul
330:41 when the Beach Boys heard Rubber Soul Brian Wilson was inspired to try to
330:43 Brian Wilson was inspired to try to create something as pure and beautiful
330:46 create something as pure and beautiful and this this album of everything was
330:49 and this this album of everything was great I remember going over to Brian's
330:52 great I remember going over to Brian's house and I looked into the living room
330:54 house and I looked into the living room and I saw that everything had been taken
330:57 and I saw that everything had been taken out except the
330:58 out except the piano and the living room was completely
331:01 piano and the living room was completely filled with
331:07 sand he said I'm going to write the greatest album ever
331:10 greatest album ever [Music]
331:37 nice in the mid-60s you see Brian Wilson retreating into the studio and he's
331:39 retreating into the studio and he's concentrating on writing and producing
331:41 concentrating on writing and producing these amazing songs I may
331:45 these amazing songs I may [Music]
331:52 not the recording studio had been a rigid place where there were engineers
331:54 rigid place where there were engineers literally in like suits and ties and lab
331:56 literally in like suits and ties and lab coats when all of a sudden there were
331:58 coats when all of a sudden there were these crazy young Geniuses who
332:00 these crazy young Geniuses who reinvented the studio as an instrument
332:02 reinvented the studio as an instrument to be played with only know I
332:13 technolog is evolving for how to record and Brian Wilson was absolutely on a
332:15 and Brian Wilson was absolutely on a cutting edge with
332:26 that music in the 60s was like any great art movement the greatest practitioners
332:28 art movement the greatest practitioners of it pushed one another to be better
332:31 of it pushed one another to be better the mic on the piano quite low
332:33 the mic on the piano quite low this in the studio The Beatles natural
332:37 this in the studio The Beatles natural creativity was sort of briming over and
332:40 creativity was sort of briming over and George Martin was a brilliant
332:42 George Martin was a brilliant collaborator and champion of that run
332:45 collaborator and champion of that run back the P please
332:46 back the P please Rich you can slow down or speed up your
332:49 Rich you can slow down or speed up your tape you can put in backward stuff you
332:51 tape you can put in backward stuff you can put in electronic sounds which you
332:53 can put in electronic sounds which you can possibly reu live something happens
332:55 can possibly reu live something happens on here you know I couldn't tell you
332:56 on here you know I couldn't tell you what cuz then we have a special man who
332:58 what cuz then we have a special man who sit you and goes like this and the
333:00 sit you and goes like this and the guitar turns into a piano or something
333:02 guitar turns into a piano or something you
333:03 you know and then you may say why don't you
333:05 know and then you may say why don't you use a piano because the piano sounds
333:07 use a piano because the piano sounds like a
333:14 gu there were FM radio stations that did nothing but play Sergeant Pepper only
333:15 nothing but play Sergeant Pepper only Hearts Club Band over and over for the
333:17 Hearts Club Band over and over for the first three or four days that it came
333:18 first three or four days that it came out because that was all anybody wanted
333:20 out because that was all anybody wanted to listen
333:22 to listen [Music]
333:24 [Music] to Sergeant Peppers became the thing you
333:28 to Sergeant Peppers became the thing you drop the needle on it and you'd hear a
333:30 drop the needle on it and you'd hear a little crackle and then you'd be taken
333:32 little crackle and then you'd be taken away on this journey I read the news
333:36 away on this journey I read the news today
333:42 Sergeant Pepper was our Opera it sounded unlike anything we were used
333:45 unlike anything we were used [Music]
333:55 to in the 60s lyrics are generally infantile and it's noise not music but
333:59 infantile and it's noise not music but the Sergeant Pepper album was brilliant
334:01 the Sergeant Pepper album was brilliant album signifying a break from the old
334:05 album signifying a break from the old ways of being entertained it really
334:08 ways of being entertained it really caught the
334:09 caught the [Music]
334:15 [Music] moment pop music is is is crucial to
334:18 moment pop music is is is crucial to today's art and it's crucial that it
334:21 today's art and it's crucial that it should remain art and it is crucial that
334:23 should remain art and it is crucial that it should it should progress as pleas to
334:26 it should it should progress as pleas to meet y now hope you guess my name the
334:30 meet y now hope you guess my name the British Invasion changed pretty much
334:32 British Invasion changed pretty much everything it was not just a sound or a
334:36 everything it was not just a sound or a band or a phenomen on but it was the
334:39 band or a phenomen on but it was the beginning of the most powerful decades
334:41 beginning of the most powerful decades in popular
334:42 in popular [Music]
334:51 music rock and roll music was very important in the growth of the society
334:53 important in the growth of the society we were able to speak our minds we did
334:55 we were able to speak our minds we did shake up the
335:03 world there no desire in any of our heads to sort of take over the world you
335:06 heads to sort of take over the world you know there is however a desire to get
335:10 know there is however a desire to get power in order to use it for
335:13 power in order to use it for [Music]
335:23 [Music] good how many people that you started
335:25 good how many people that you started loving in 1964 do you still love the
335:28 loving in 1964 do you still love the Beatles and the British Invasion maybe
335:31 Beatles and the British Invasion maybe the greatest love story in a cultural
335:34 the greatest love story in a cultural sense that's ever been all you need is
335:37 sense that's ever been all you need is love
335:44 all is every
335:53 all you
335:54 you [Music]
336:02 [Music] is
336:04 is is is
336:06 is is [Music]
336:27 [Music] love
336:40 the Communists seem to be putting us on the defensive on a number of
336:43 the defensive on a number of fronts we are behind and I'm sure
336:46 fronts we are behind and I'm sure they're making a concentrated effort to
336:47 they're making a concentrated effort to stay
336:49 stay ahead we may get beaten more there are
336:52 ahead we may get beaten more there are no quick cheap or easy victories in this
336:54 no quick cheap or easy victories in this game we are aware of the international
336:57 game we are aware of the international implications of the project but we're
336:58 implications of the project but we're not in this thing for the race aspects
337:01 not in this thing for the race aspects rockets for the lunar trip that will
337:03 rockets for the lunar trip that will make this one seem pun already are being
337:05 make this one seem pun already are being built
337:07 built the first strides toward the stars were
337:09 the first strides toward the stars were not without tragic setback you're aware
337:12 not without tragic setback you're aware of the risks we accept the risk what
337:14 of the risks we accept the risk what risks there are we choose to go to the
337:17 risks there are we choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other
337:19 moon in this decade and do the other things not because they are easy but
337:22 things not because they are easy but because they are hard
337:24 because they are hard [Music]
338:23 we have a good many very talented scientists but we did not make a major
338:25 scientists but we did not make a major effort in this area for many years and
338:27 effort in this area for many years and we are now behind and paying the price
338:29 we are now behind and paying the price of having the Soviet Union exploit a
338:31 of having the Soviet Union exploit a great propaganda Advantage with the
338:33 great propaganda Advantage with the flight of uh mutnik as well as the
338:35 flight of uh mutnik as well as the flight of Mr G
338:38 flight of Mr G [Music]
338:41 [Music] I have Marvin Cal CBS News correspondent
338:44 I have Marvin Cal CBS News correspondent in Moscow on the phone now Marvin is
338:46 in Moscow on the phone now Marvin is there any doubt at all in your mind that
338:49 there any doubt at all in your mind that this really happened that the Russians
338:50 this really happened that the Russians really have put a man in space I'm
338:53 really have put a man in space I'm almost certain that the Russians did
338:54 almost certain that the Russians did fire a man into outer space whose name
338:56 fire a man into outer space whose name is gagan he's 27 it's a great historic
339:00 is gagan he's 27 it's a great historic scientific speat at that time we didn't
339:03 scientific speat at that time we didn't really know whether a human could
339:05 really know whether a human could survive in space and here Boom the
339:08 survive in space and here Boom the Soviets send this guy into space and um
339:12 Soviets send this guy into space and um and he
339:14 and he survived Dy Gagarin was something that
339:17 survived Dy Gagarin was something that affected American proudness that we are
339:20 affected American proudness that we are ahead of everybody now it was first
339:23 ahead of everybody now it was first Sputnik satellite and now first man in
339:27 Sputnik satellite and now first man in space was Russian and you can understand
339:30 space was Russian and you can understand that this was really in the middle of
339:32 that this was really in the middle of the Cold War there was competition of
339:34 the Cold War there was competition of the great superpowers
339:37 the great superpowers yeah could you give us your views sir
339:38 yeah could you give us your views sir about the Soviet achievement of putting
339:40 about the Soviet achievement of putting a man in orbit and what it would mean to
339:42 a man in orbit and what it would mean to our space program as such well it is a
339:45 our space program as such well it is a most impressive uh scientific
339:47 most impressive uh scientific accomplishment I have already sent
339:50 accomplishment I have already sent congratulations to to kusov and to the
339:53 congratulations to to kusov and to the man who was
339:54 man who was involved the Space Race wasn't just
339:58 involved the Space Race wasn't just about space it was about our own sense
340:00 about space it was about our own sense of security it was this new Cold War
340:03 of security it was this new Cold War Battleground and so it wasn't very hard
340:06 Battleground and so it wasn't very hard to realize realized that if they could
340:08 to realize realized that if they could put a man in orbit they could also put
340:10 put a man in orbit they could also put an atomic bomb in orbit suddenly the sky
340:14 an atomic bomb in orbit suddenly the sky was menacing it means they're getting
340:16 was menacing it means they're getting ahead of us and we certainly need to
340:18 ahead of us and we certainly need to start working hard to catch up I think
340:20 start working hard to catch up I think it's about time America woke up and did
340:22 it's about time America woke up and did something about it I believe it's uh
340:24 something about it I believe it's uh very impressive for propaganda purposes
340:26 very impressive for propaganda purposes but I think if we put our minds to it
340:29 but I think if we put our minds to it that this country can top that in six
340:39 months from myp perspective as a kid we were in a race against the Russians and
340:41 were in a race against the Russians and the Russians were the bad guys and they
340:43 the Russians were the bad guys and they were winning this race and that meant
340:45 were winning this race and that meant they were Superior to us and yet they
340:48 they were Superior to us and yet they were the bad
340:50 were the bad guys in 1960 we had astronauts we hadn't
340:53 guys in 1960 we had astronauts we hadn't had anybody in space yet but we were
340:55 had anybody in space yet but we were kind of knocking on the door getting
340:57 kind of knocking on the door getting ready to go we're a little bit behind we
340:58 ready to go we're a little bit behind we want to catch up we want to be the
341:00 want to catch up we want to be the leaders there's another question doctor
341:02 leaders there's another question doctor and that is do we have the stuff to do
341:03 and that is do we have the stuff to do it what would you say now that we must
341:05 it what would you say now that we must do to match this our veteran well the
341:07 do to match this our veteran well the United States man in space program is
341:09 United States man in space program is based on the philosophy that uh we don't
341:12 based on the philosophy that uh we don't want to pull a stunt and risk a man's
341:14 want to pull a stunt and risk a man's life for this reason there are certain
341:16 life for this reason there are certain intermediate steps planned before we put
341:19 intermediate steps planned before we put a man in orbit if this is successful
341:22 a man in orbit if this is successful then and only then will an orbital
341:24 then and only then will an orbital attempt be made the Mercury project was
341:27 attempt be made the Mercury project was our first real response to the Sputnik
341:29 our first real response to the Sputnik and to Yuri Garen flight and it was a
341:32 and to Yuri Garen flight and it was a big deal for us I'll tell you because
341:35 big deal for us I'll tell you because all of a sudden we had seven guys guys
341:37 all of a sudden we had seven guys guys and they were fighter pilot types very
341:40 and they were fighter pilot types very alpha male guys fun to be around you
341:42 alpha male guys fun to be around you know it was like being with rock
341:46 know it was like being with rock stars it's a Gaya day in Houston as its
341:49 stars it's a Gaya day in Houston as its citizens turn out by the tens of
341:50 citizens turn out by the tens of thousands to give a Texas siiz welcome
341:52 thousands to give a Texas siiz welcome to the US space
341:54 to the US space team they were Heroes even before the
341:57 team they were Heroes even before the public knew their names they became
341:59 public knew their names they became warriors on behalf of the United States
342:02 warriors on behalf of the United States against our most feared enemy the Soviet
342:06 against our most feared enemy the Soviet Union
342:07 Union what they were hiring these guys for was
342:10 what they were hiring these guys for was for mindset they wanted experienced test
342:13 for mindset they wanted experienced test pilots who could observe and report
342:15 pilots who could observe and report during a very violent and dangerous
342:18 during a very violent and dangerous activity as we develop this spacecraft
342:21 activity as we develop this spacecraft almost everything we do uh deals with
342:22 almost everything we do uh deals with the risky side of the business we
342:24 the risky side of the business we recognize that we can get kill flying
342:26 recognize that we can get kill flying spacecraft like we can get kill flying
342:27 spacecraft like we can get kill flying t-33s or t-38s or driving my Corvette
342:31 t-33s or t-38s or driving my Corvette that's just one of The Facts of Life for
342:32 that's just one of The Facts of Life for everyone but we have a job that is very
342:35 everyone but we have a job that is very fascinating it's worth the risk
342:38 fascinating it's worth the risk Al Shephard was a natural leader he got
342:42 Al Shephard was a natural leader he got the first ride into space the Shirley
342:46 the first ride into space the Shirley Temple program usually seen at this time
342:48 Temple program usually seen at this time will not be presented in order that we
342:50 will not be presented in order that we may bring you the following special
342:52 may bring you the following special broadcast within the next few days from
342:54 broadcast within the next few days from this guarded Wasteland the first
342:56 this guarded Wasteland the first American will be launched into space he
342:59 American will be launched into space he will not go into orbit as yorri Gagarin
343:01 will not go into orbit as yorri Gagarin did but he will ride his spacecraft 116
343:05 did but he will ride his spacecraft 116 M up and there he'll hang weightless for
343:07 M up and there he'll hang weightless for about 5 minutes until gravity pulls him
343:09 about 5 minutes until gravity pulls him back through the atmosphere to the Sea
343:12 back through the atmosphere to the Sea nearly 300 M down
343:19 rain astronaut shepher making his way to the elevator there's some Applause from
343:22 the elevator there's some Applause from the 12 people and now astronaut shepher
343:26 the 12 people and now astronaut shepher ascends the Gantry crane in a few
343:28 ascends the Gantry crane in a few moments we'll be spaced in his
343:31 moments we'll be spaced in his capsule T minus 10 99 8 7 6 5 5 4 3 2 1
343:42 capsule T minus 10 99 8 7 6 5 5 4 3 2 1 0
343:44 0 ignition lift off lift off and 34
343:49 ignition lift off lift off and 34 minutes after the hour all right lift
343:51 minutes after the hour all right lift off and the clock is started all systems
343:54 off and the clock is started all systems are
343:56 are [Music]
344:02 go some lawmakers want to award the Medal of Honor to shepher all today
344:04 Medal of Honor to shepher all today appeared ready to spend more money on
344:06 appeared ready to spend more money on our space effort all agreed Russia is
344:08 our space effort all agreed Russia is still ahead but all this was beside the
344:11 still ahead but all this was beside the point for the wife of the first American
344:13 point for the wife of the first American astronaut Mrs Alan Shephard at Virginia
344:15 astronaut Mrs Alan Shephard at Virginia Beach Virginia heard the news with
344:17 Beach Virginia heard the news with relief Mr Shephard could you tell us uh
344:19 relief Mr Shephard could you tell us uh what are your feelings on this
344:21 what are your feelings on this stupendous occasion oh I don't think I
344:23 stupendous occasion oh I don't think I have to tell you do I are just so happy
344:26 have to tell you do I are just so happy was beautiful I
344:28 was beautiful I thought the gagaran flight was a 10 Al
344:32 thought the gagaran flight was a 10 Al Shepard's flight was a one or a two okay
344:36 Shepard's flight was a one or a two okay in terms of
344:37 in terms of uh the capability that it demonstrated
344:40 uh the capability that it demonstrated so Russians clearly were ahead of us so
344:43 so Russians clearly were ahead of us so the attitude is we would like to do
344:46 the attitude is we would like to do something really big but small enough so
344:49 something really big but small enough so that we could accomplish I believe that
344:52 that we could accomplish I believe that this nation should commit itself to
344:54 this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal before this decade is
344:57 achieving the goal before this decade is out of Landing a man on the moon and
345:00 out of Landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the Earth no
345:03 returning him safely to the Earth no single Space Project in this period will
345:06 single Space Project in this period will be more impressive Ive to mankind or
345:08 be more impressive Ive to mankind or more important for the long range
345:10 more important for the long range exploration of
345:12 exploration of space I don't know how he decided we
345:15 space I don't know how he decided we could do that because when we heard
345:17 could do that because when we heard about it we thought they you know lost
345:20 about it we thought they you know lost their
345:21 their [Music]
345:31 mind this is water grind kite reporting from the cabin of AC 131 over right
345:34 from the cabin of AC 131 over right Patterson Air Force Base Dayton Ohio
345:37 Patterson Air Force Base Dayton Ohio this aircraft is executing a maneuver to
345:39 this aircraft is executing a maneuver to make it and everyone in it temporarily
345:42 make it and everyone in it temporarily weightless this weightless condition is
345:44 weightless this weightless condition is one of many that man must learn to
345:46 one of many that man must learn to tolerate or overcome to survive a first
345:49 tolerate or overcome to survive a first trip to the moon konai was the perfect
345:52 trip to the moon konai was the perfect person for space because he was a space
345:54 person for space because he was a space junkie he ended up um covering the early
345:57 junkie he ended up um covering the early Mercury missions and he just became
345:59 Mercury missions and he just became encyclopedic on it what are the hazards
346:02 encyclopedic on it what are the hazards and what are our scientists doing to
346:03 and what are our scientists doing to ensure man's survival in the Hostile
346:06 ensure man's survival in the Hostile Environ of outer
346:08 Environ of outer space that is our
346:10 space that is our story first man on the moon as a
346:13 story first man on the moon as a credential Insurance Company of America
346:15 credential Insurance Company of America presents the 20th
346:21 century this is Marine lieutenant colonel John H Glenn Jr who within a few
346:23 colonel John H Glenn Jr who within a few days will be the first American to fly
346:25 days will be the first American to fly in an orbit around the world we're
346:28 in an orbit around the world we're embarking on a completely new field here
346:29 embarking on a completely new field here of Space Science and I'm happy and proud
346:33 of Space Science and I'm happy and proud that I can maybe contribute a little bit
346:34 that I can maybe contribute a little bit in my own own way in this new field John
346:38 in my own own way in this new field John Glenn came along next and flew the first
346:41 Glenn came along next and flew the first orbital flight for an American uh to us
346:45 orbital flight for an American uh to us that was a huge deal because now we had
346:48 that was a huge deal because now we had an American hero who could at least
346:50 an American hero who could at least stand up to Yuri gagari God stayed John
346:55 stand up to Yuri gagari God stayed John Glenn 2 1
347:15 this is mercury control friendship s spacecraft is now committed to its third
347:17 spacecraft is now committed to its third orbit good looking fight from what we've
347:20 orbit good looking fight from what we've seen yes sir looks good W we'll see you
347:22 seen yes sir looks good W we'll see you back
347:27 e shortly before he's supposed to re-enter the atmosphere the word comes
347:30 re-enter the atmosphere the word comes that there's a possibility that Glenn's
347:32 that there's a possibility that Glenn's heat shield has detached from the base
347:35 heat shield has detached from the base of the capsule Texas Capcom cap flight
347:38 of the capsule Texas Capcom cap flight go ahead cap flight go ahead uh we have
347:41 go ahead cap flight go ahead uh we have decided to reenter with the pack on uh
347:44 decided to reenter with the pack on uh this is Chip s what is the reason for
347:46 this is Chip s what is the reason for this do you have any reason over the
347:49 this do you have any reason over the only thing holding the heat shield on
347:50 only thing holding the heat shield on are three straps which are attached to
347:54 are three straps which are attached to the Retro
347:55 the Retro Rockets we feel it's far safer to
347:58 Rockets we feel it's far safer to reenter with the Retro package
348:01 reenter with the Retro package on Roger
348:03 on Roger understand so normally the plan is you
348:06 understand so normally the plan is you fire the retro rockets and then you let
348:07 fire the retro rockets and then you let him go but now it becomes clear that if
348:10 him go but now it becomes clear that if Glenn does that he might be burned
348:13 Glenn does that he might be burned alive he went through this period of
348:16 alive he went through this period of intense ion buildup where you lose
348:19 intense ion buildup where you lose contact with
348:20 contact with him
348:30 ESC hello Mercury recovery this is friendship 7 DC all right you're reading
348:32 friendship 7 DC all right you're reading aloud and clear how you doing my
348:34 aloud and clear how you doing my condition is good but that was a real
348:36 condition is good but that was a real Fireball
348:42 more I express the great happiness and Thanksgiving of all of us that col Glenn
348:44 Thanksgiving of all of us that col Glenn has completed his trip and I know that
348:46 has completed his trip and I know that this is particularly felt by Mrs Glenn
348:48 this is particularly felt by Mrs Glenn and his two children it was quite a day
348:50 and his two children it was quite a day I don't know what you can say about a
348:51 I don't know what you can say about a day in which you see four beautiful
348:53 day in which you see four beautiful sunsets in one day but it's pretty
349:02 interesting now we know that Russia need not and will not have any Monopoly on
349:04 not and will not have any Monopoly on man space flight the new SP has arisen
349:07 man space flight the new SP has arisen in us missilen and in our Capital out of
349:10 in us missilen and in our Capital out of The Growing Pains of project Mercury a
349:13 The Growing Pains of project Mercury a host of new projects will be
349:15 host of new projects will be born Dr Von Brown you could have gone
349:18 born Dr Von Brown you could have gone ahead faster if you had more money
349:19 ahead faster if you had more money earlier is that right well this is true
349:22 earlier is that right well this is true uh although there are some limitations
349:25 uh although there are some limitations you know there's no saying it still
349:27 you know there's no saying it still takes 9 months to have a
349:29 takes 9 months to have a baby go for big Rockets too Von Brun was
349:35 baby go for big Rockets too Von Brun was perfectly placed to get us off the
349:36 perfectly placed to get us off the planet he was a German rocket scientist
349:39 planet he was a German rocket scientist that we were pretty lucky to get after
349:41 that we were pretty lucky to get after the war Von Brown was a futurist and a
349:44 the war Von Brown was a futurist and a Visionary as much as anything else he
349:46 Visionary as much as anything else he built the team that became America's
349:49 built the team that became America's Brain Trust for
349:51 Brain Trust for rocketry I have come to Texas today to
349:55 rocketry I have come to Texas today to salute an outstanding group of
349:57 salute an outstanding group of pioneers while headlines may be made by
350:00 pioneers while headlines may be made by others in other places history is being
350:04 others in other places history is being made every day by the men and wom of the
350:08 made every day by the men and wom of the Aeros space medical center without whom
350:11 Aeros space medical center without whom there could be no history when he was
350:13 there could be no history when he was assassinated that was a personal blow it
350:16 assassinated that was a personal blow it was a personal blow to us because he was
350:19 was a personal blow to us because he was the guy that got us on his
350:26 track when President Johnson came in you know he was going to continue to
350:28 know he was going to continue to implement what President Kennedy had
350:30 implement what President Kennedy had done those two men together led us to
350:32 done those two men together led us to where we ended up at the end of the
350:33 where we ended up at the end of the decade
350:40 visiting Cape Canaveral are the new astronauts The Men Who will join the
350:42 astronauts The Men Who will join the original Seven and ride the giny and
350:44 original Seven and ride the giny and Apollo
350:46 Apollo spacecraft they are the new pioneers of
350:49 spacecraft they are the new pioneers of space we were very fortunate in that our
350:51 space we were very fortunate in that our country always seemed to have the right
350:54 country always seemed to have the right person ready when the right person was
350:56 person ready when the right person was needed I give you Neil
350:59 needed I give you Neil Armstrong Neil Armstrong was unflappable
351:03 Armstrong Neil Armstrong was unflappable he was a natural Aviator and Armstrong
351:06 he was a natural Aviator and Armstrong just seemed never to be ruffled Neil's a
351:09 just seemed never to be ruffled Neil's a cool guy uh as we all know and in fact
351:11 cool guy uh as we all know and in fact all the guys that I was working with at
351:13 all the guys that I was working with at the time were all exceptional pilots and
351:16 the time were all exceptional pilots and uh so it's great to be on a team like
351:18 uh so it's great to be on a team like that where they're all winners gmany is
351:21 that where they're all winners gmany is the space agency's Bridge To The Future
351:24 the space agency's Bridge To The Future with it we'll learn man's true
351:26 with it we'll learn man's true capabilities and drawbacks in space and
351:28 capabilities and drawbacks in space and on the last five gmany flights will'll
351:31 on the last five gmany flights will'll practice several different forms of
351:32 practice several different forms of rendevu the skill needed to resupply
351:35 rendevu the skill needed to resupply spacecraft to change Cruise the ability
351:38 spacecraft to change Cruise the ability to operate in a new medium that is both
351:40 to operate in a new medium that is both fantastically rewarding and terrifyingly
351:43 fantastically rewarding and terrifyingly dangerous geminy moreover is a rehearsal
351:46 dangerous geminy moreover is a rehearsal for Apollo the three-man spacecraft that
351:48 for Apollo the three-man spacecraft that will get us to the
351:49 will get us to the moon the Russian surprise with another
351:52 moon the Russian surprise with another first in the person of Alexa leonov who
351:55 first in the person of Alexa leonov who they say became the first man to walk
351:57 they say became the first man to walk around in space when the owner went
351:59 around in space when the owner went outside of space crap we said no he
352:01 outside of space crap we said no he couldn't have done that but the fact
352:03 couldn't have done that but the fact that the Soviets went outside
352:05 that the Soviets went outside successfully and came back was such
352:07 successfully and came back was such Shocker the Soviet Union pushed
352:10 Shocker the Soviet Union pushed Americans back was part of this game at
352:13 Americans back was part of this game at that time I would say for most of the
352:16 that time I would say for most of the 60s we had a sense of being
352:20 60s we had a sense of being [Music]
352:34 behind it was a perfect launch and Scorpio 6 is on it way to make space
352:37 Scorpio 6 is on it way to make space history Saul look they see it they see
352:40 history Saul look they see it they see it they see it s o l no no it's not
352:47 it they see it s o l no no it's not Sol the astronauts just became part of
352:50 Sol the astronauts just became part of the fabric of the country it was Finding
352:52 the fabric of the country it was Finding its way into the popular culture if you
352:55 its way into the popular culture if you grew up in the 50s you were watching
352:58 grew up in the 50s you were watching science fiction but if you grew up in
353:00 science fiction but if you grew up in the' 60s you were watching it actually
353:04 the' 60s you were watching it actually happen I think I'm dragging a little bit
353:06 happen I think I'm dragging a little bit don't want to fire the gun
353:07 don't want to fire the gun [Music]
353:09 [Music] yet when Ed White went out on the first
353:12 yet when Ed White went out on the first Eva people were holding their
353:14 Eva people were holding their [Music]
353:16 [Music] breath there was a real push to get a
353:19 breath there was a real push to get a space walk as soon as possible that
353:21 space walk as soon as possible that turned out to be Gemini 4 and Ed White's
353:25 turned out to be Gemini 4 and Ed White's spacewalk was just a magnificent thing
353:29 spacewalk was just a magnificent thing okay I rolled up I'm rolling to the
353:30 okay I rolled up I'm rolling to the right now under my own influence there
353:32 right now under my own influence there goes a looks like a thermal clove again
353:35 goes a looks like a thermal clove again it is
353:37 it is ah he went out and he had this little
353:39 ah he went out and he had this little nitrogen bottle to fire this little
353:42 nitrogen bottle to fire this little Thruster that pushed this way and that
353:43 Thruster that pushed this way and that way so he could rotate himself around
353:45 way so he could rotate himself around you know and so on and it gave the
353:48 you know and so on and it gave the appearance of being a piece of
353:50 appearance of being a piece of cake okay I'm coming over you're right
353:53 cake okay I'm coming over you're right in front you look beautiful I feel like
353:55 in front you look beautiful I feel like a
353:56 a million there was absolutely no
353:58 million there was absolutely no sensation of falling there was very uh
354:02 sensation of falling there was very uh little sensation of speed other than the
354:04 little sensation of speed other than the same type of Sensation that we had
354:06 same type of Sensation that we had in the capsule I think as I stepped out
354:09 in the capsule I think as I stepped out I thought the uh biggest thing was a
354:11 I thought the uh biggest thing was a feeling of accomplishment of one of the
354:13 feeling of accomplishment of one of the goals of the gmany form
354:16 goals of the gmany form Mission the next major breakthrough will
354:18 Mission the next major breakthrough will be the bringing together of two orbiting
354:21 be the bringing together of two orbiting craft the Russians have made one test in
354:23 craft the Russians have made one test in their program and presumably have
354:25 their program and presumably have learned something we have not yet made
354:27 learned something we have not yet made our first test so we must be considered
354:31 our first test so we must be considered behind the primary goal of Project
354:34 behind the primary goal of Project Gemini was to perform worm space
354:37 Gemini was to perform worm space Rendevous without that no moon
354:41 Rendevous without that no moon mission with the lunar orbit Rendevous
354:44 mission with the lunar orbit Rendevous technique where the lunar module flew
354:46 technique where the lunar module flew back up rued with the Command Module you
354:48 back up rued with the Command Module you have to bring these two vehicles
354:50 have to bring these two vehicles together and to get them close in such a
354:52 together and to get them close in such a way that it was then easy to doct them
354:55 way that it was then easy to doct them took a fair bit of work we just flying
354:57 took a fair bit of work we just flying nose to nose we can very clearly see the
355:00 nose to nose we can very clearly see the Horizon scanners up Roger
355:04 Horizon scanners up Roger J that was the moment when we pulled
355:06 J that was the moment when we pulled ahead in the Space Race that was
355:09 ahead in the Space Race that was something that the Russians hadn't even
355:10 something that the Russians hadn't even come close to doing and wouldn't
355:12 come close to doing and wouldn't accomplish for a couple more
355:14 accomplish for a couple more years it was an unknown as to how we
355:17 years it was an unknown as to how we were going to do that when we first
355:18 were going to do that when we first started but we got good at it and we
355:20 started but we got good at it and we mastered it on Neil Armstrong SL Gemini
355:24 mastered it on Neil Armstrong SL Gemini 8 Houston is Gemini
355:27 8 Houston is Gemini 8 station keeping on
355:30 8 station keeping on about where to go you done it boy you
355:34 about where to go you done it boy you done a good job
355:37 done a good job man that's great man that is really
355:47 sck okay jimmy8 we have TM solid you're looking good on the ground go ahead and
355:50 looking good on the ground go ahead and do FL we are they found another object
355:54 do FL we are they found another object in space and they docked them together
355:58 in space and they docked them together to make one big spacecraft or rocket on
356:00 to make one big spacecraft or rocket on the nose of the Gemini that was amazing
356:09 so it's night time power down have dinner and get ready for the next day
356:11 dinner and get ready for the next day and I happen to look over at Neil's
356:14 and I happen to look over at Neil's panel and I saw his eightball his
356:16 panel and I saw his eightball his attitude Gyro in a bank and I said Neil
356:19 attitude Gyro in a bank and I said Neil we're in a bank we got
356:22 we're in a bank we got [Applause]
356:26 [Applause] serious they got up to one revolution a
356:29 serious they got up to one revolution a second so we decided to undock from the
356:32 second so we decided to undock from the agena which we suspected was a problem
356:34 agena which we suspected was a problem and then the Gemini started spinning
356:36 and then the Gemini started spinning very rapidly and we figured out that oh
356:38 very rapidly and we figured out that oh it's the
356:39 it's the [Music]
356:52 Gemini csq flight did you say he could not turn the aena off no he says he
356:55 not turn the aena off no he says he separated from the aena and he's in a
356:57 separated from the aena and he's in a roll and he can't stop it the only way
357:00 roll and he can't stop it the only way that they were able to get out of this
357:01 that they were able to get out of this thing was for him to fire his Thruster
357:04 thing was for him to fire his Thruster that he stopped the spinning spacecraft
357:06 that he stopped the spinning spacecraft before it spun so much that they passed
357:09 before it spun so much that they passed out we got down alive and Neil said I
357:12 out we got down alive and Neil said I think we'll both have another chance and
357:14 think we'll both have another chance and we
357:16 we did the week in space CBS news coverage
357:20 did the week in space CBS news coverage of astronaut Jean cernan's giny 99 2 and
357:23 of astronaut Jean cernan's giny 99 2 and 1/2 hour walk in space reporting from
357:26 1/2 hour walk in space reporting from the CBS News Space Center correspondent
357:28 the CBS News Space Center correspondent Walter KRON kite The Space Walk is over
357:31 Walter KRON kite The Space Walk is over the hatch has been locked closed again
357:33 the hatch has been locked closed again cernon is safely back in the spacecraft
357:36 cernon is safely back in the spacecraft was a disappointing Space Walk in the
357:38 was a disappointing Space Walk in the true
357:40 true sense the only thing we did not do well
357:45 sense the only thing we did not do well was Eva extra vehicular activity for the
357:49 was Eva extra vehicular activity for the last flight Jim and I 12 Buzz brought in
357:51 last flight Jim and I 12 Buzz brought in the idea of training in the water
357:53 the idea of training in the water tank I was a scuba diver from
357:56 tank I was a scuba diver from 1957 so I I knew a bit about dealing
357:59 1957 so I I knew a bit about dealing with currents and moving around and
358:02 with currents and moving around and space walking it was very delicate
358:05 space walking it was very delicate moving and uh you balance so you don't
358:08 moving and uh you balance so you don't uh exert yourself so I started training
358:12 uh exert yourself so I started training underwater Buzz put all that together
358:14 underwater Buzz put all that together and the final Eva was done very much by
358:16 and the final Eva was done very much by the book it was a big
358:19 the book it was a big success so I Wasing up in the hatch and
358:23 success so I Wasing up in the hatch and looking around and took a couple
358:25 looking around and took a couple pictures of Texas and the Astrodome and
358:28 pictures of Texas and the Astrodome and I decided uh well let me just turn
358:31 I decided uh well let me just turn around and take a picture nothing
358:34 around and take a picture nothing unusual about that
358:36 unusual about that but that was the first
358:38 but that was the first selfie in
358:46 space gemin 12 G 12 Houston when Gemini was over the team of people the planners
358:48 was over the team of people the planners the astronauts and the people in the
358:50 the astronauts and the people in the control center were completely synced
358:53 control center were completely synced and we came out of it with confidence in
358:55 and we came out of it with confidence in ourselves it was like let us have this
358:57 ourselves it was like let us have this Apollo stuff we're going to take it to
358:59 Apollo stuff we're going to take it to the moon as fast as we possibly can
359:07 [Music] I recognize that that uh there is some
359:10 I recognize that that uh there is some risk people might look at our work as as
359:13 risk people might look at our work as as a being perhaps dangerous but uh we just
359:17 a being perhaps dangerous but uh we just try to take as much of that out as we
359:19 try to take as much of that out as we can during the pretesting to make sure
359:20 can during the pretesting to make sure the systems are good I think we train in
359:23 the systems are good I think we train in it and work in it so much that and
359:25 it and work in it so much that and understand it well enough that we don't
359:26 understand it well enough that we don't look at it from this
359:33 Viewpoint and as to how far I want to go I want to go as far as uh NASA goes and
359:36 I want to go as far as uh NASA goes and during my useful time as a pilot to them
359:39 during my useful time as a pilot to them I'd like to go on a moon flight and if
359:41 I'd like to go on a moon flight and if we go to Mars I'd like to go on that
359:44 we go to Mars I'd like to go on that NASA is looking ahead to the first Mann
359:47 NASA is looking ahead to the first Mann Apollo flight now this is an early
359:49 Apollo flight now this is an early version that was intended only for test
359:52 version that was intended only for test flights in Earth orbit and they've had a
359:53 flights in Earth orbit and they've had a lot of problems with this spacecraft but
359:55 lot of problems with this spacecraft but they figure when you develop any new
359:57 they figure when you develop any new spacecraft you're going to have
359:59 spacecraft you're going to have [Music]
360:03 [Music] bugs no I didn't ra you truck at all
360:06 bugs no I didn't ra you truck at all I I can't read it you want TR the phone
360:08 I I can't read it you want TR the phone hey how got get the moon if we can't
360:10 hey how got get the moon if we can't talk between three
360:17 buildings I can't hear that thing you're saying
360:19 saying right the regularly scheduled program
360:22 right the regularly scheduled program will not be seen at this time in order
360:24 will not be seen at this time in order to bring you this special program it was
360:26 to bring you this special program it was all over in one stunned horrifying
360:29 all over in one stunned horrifying second at tus 10 minutes in a simulated
360:32 second at tus 10 minutes in a simulated countdown an electrical spark apparently
360:34 countdown an electrical spark apparently shot out and ignited the one 100% oxygen
360:37 shot out and ignited the one 100% oxygen in the cabin on closed circuit TV
360:39 in the cabin on closed circuit TV screens horrified Engineers watched the
360:41 screens horrified Engineers watched the burst of flames and smoke envelop Grom
360:44 burst of flames and smoke envelop Grom white and chaffy they heard their last
360:46 white and chaffy they heard their last words of shock and surprise the Flames
360:49 words of shock and surprise the Flames enveloped Apollo one the crewmen never
360:51 enveloped Apollo one the crewmen never had a
360:56 chance news of the tragedy reached the white house shortly after formal signing
360:58 white house shortly after formal signing of a 60 Nation space treaty President
361:01 of a 60 Nation space treaty President Johnson immediately sent condolences to
361:03 Johnson immediately sent condolences to the families of the astronauts then he
361:04 the families of the astronauts then he issued the statement three Valiant young
361:07 issued the statement three Valiant young men have given their lives in service to
361:08 men have given their lives in service to the nation we mourn the great loss and
361:11 the nation we mourn the great loss and our hearts go out to their
361:18 families Apollo fire was a shock to those of us in the program it was a real
361:20 those of us in the program it was a real shock it was
361:22 shock it was devastating how could we put these guys
361:24 devastating how could we put these guys in there how could we not see how
361:26 in there how could we not see how dangerous it was how could we do that
361:38 there's reason to believe that establishing a deadline of 1970 for the
361:40 establishing a deadline of 1970 for the Moonlight contributed to their deaths
361:43 Moonlight contributed to their deaths NASA has acknowledged that success had
361:46 NASA has acknowledged that success had dulled its earlier apprehensions but
361:48 dulled its earlier apprehensions but it's determined not to let its revived
361:50 it's determined not to let its revived fears paralyze its future efforts and
361:52 fears paralyze its future efforts and that seems the proper
361:54 that seems the proper attitude your option is either to stop
361:56 attitude your option is either to stop or to keep going and in some ways it's
361:58 or to keep going and in some ways it's almost insulting to their memory to stop
362:00 almost insulting to their memory to stop what you want to do is you want to fix
362:01 what you want to do is you want to fix the problem and you want to keep going
362:04 the problem and you want to keep going you want to achieve that goal and that's
362:05 you want to achieve that goal and that's what those guys would have wanted any
362:08 what those guys would have wanted any Endeavor is going to meet with tragedy
362:09 Endeavor is going to meet with tragedy and failure that's the way humankind has
362:12 and failure that's the way humankind has progressed the complete reorganization
362:14 progressed the complete reorganization of the Apollo space program without a
362:17 of the Apollo space program without a doubt happened because of the
362:20 doubt happened because of the fire the langly center and accomplished
362:22 fire the langly center and accomplished lunar acrobat Amos spy gave some basic
362:25 lunar acrobat Amos spy gave some basic training in Moon walking to this
362:27 training in Moon walking to this reporter gosh I feel like Peter Pan he
362:31 reporter gosh I feel like Peter Pan he was like a big kid in a candy store when
362:34 was like a big kid in a candy store when you're doing TV and you you want to talk
362:36 you're doing TV and you you want to talk about something happening the best way
362:39 about something happening the best way to do it what just go out and do it
362:40 to do it what just go out and do it yourself and Walter enjoyed it what
362:43 yourself and Walter enjoyed it what happens if I fall over on my face am I
362:45 happens if I fall over on my face am I going nothing at all very uh simple very
362:47 going nothing at all very uh simple very soft slow motion in fact just I fall
362:50 soft slow motion in fact just I fall over on my face to see right just let
362:53 over on my face to see right just let yourself on really right okay here I
362:57 yourself on really right okay here I go oh nothing to it why don't you try
363:01 go oh nothing to it why don't you try jumping a little bit here I
363:04 jumping a little bit here I go w
363:07 go w this is just really for fun in games uh
363:09 this is just really for fun in games uh what do you do for a living
363:11 what do you do for a living Amos Von Brown what do you see in the
363:14 Amos Von Brown what do you see in the way of the vehicle in which we travel in
363:16 way of the vehicle in which we travel in space in the next 35 years already in
363:19 space in the next 35 years already in the last 15 years we've built up this
363:22 the last 15 years we've built up this system of rockets to the point that your
363:24 system of rockets to the point that your model doesn't even fit in the room any
363:26 model doesn't even fit in the room any longer are we going far beyond Saturn 5
363:31 longer are we going far beyond Saturn 5 I think there would be a continued need
363:32 I think there would be a continued need for some such a Workhorse and there
363:34 for some such a Workhorse and there rather TR how big it'll be unless as
363:38 rather TR how big it'll be unless as long as it is
363:40 long as it is Big the SAT five is like the Mythic
363:45 Big the SAT five is like the Mythic Monument to human audacity no matter how
363:48 Monument to human audacity no matter how you look at it this thing was just a
363:50 you look at it this thing was just a mind
363:51 mind blower Saturn 5 was actually three big
363:55 blower Saturn 5 was actually three big Rockets stacked on top of each other
363:57 Rockets stacked on top of each other with a spacecraft on the very top with
363:58 with a spacecraft on the very top with three guys in it and you knew that that
364:01 three guys in it and you knew that that sucker was going someplace it had a
364:03 sucker was going someplace it had a purpose in mind and it was going
364:05 purpose in mind and it was going someplace
364:06 someplace you get to December of 1968 and Frank
364:09 you get to December of 1968 and Frank Borman and Jim Lovel and Bill Anders
364:11 Borman and Jim Lovel and Bill Anders have actually been training to fly the
364:14 have actually been training to fly the first flight around the Moon we kind of
364:18 first flight around the Moon we kind of feel that this flight has set the uh the
364:20 feel that this flight has set the uh the pace to uh begin in Earnest our uh lunar
364:24 pace to uh begin in Earnest our uh lunar Landing Apollo program the countdown to
364:26 Landing Apollo program the countdown to liftoff for Apollo 8 is now tus 50
364:30 liftoff for Apollo 8 is now tus 50 minutes and Counting this will be the
364:33 minutes and Counting this will be the first Mann Flight of the Saturn fire the
364:36 first Mann Flight of the Saturn fire the largest rocket man has ever built and it
364:39 largest rocket man has ever built and it has the explosive potential in its fuel
364:42 has the explosive potential in its fuel of two and a half million tons of TNT
364:46 of two and a half million tons of TNT broadcasting the launch of the Saturn 5
364:49 broadcasting the launch of the Saturn 5 I never got over it we have ignition
364:51 I never got over it we have ignition sequence time and I'm supposed to be
364:53 sequence time and I'm supposed to be talking all through this the engines are
364:55 talking all through this the engines are armed it's hard to talk when you're
364:57 armed it's hard to talk when you're holding your breath three 2 1 Z
365:12 3 2 1 Zer we have Commit we have LIF on 51 a.m. eastern standard time looks
365:17 on 51 a.m. eastern standard time looks good cleared the tower oh there's The
365:19 good cleared the tower oh there's The Rumble in our
365:21 Rumble in our building it looks good it looks like a
365:23 building it looks good it looks like a good flight this building is shaking
365:25 good flight this building is shaking under us our camera platform is shaking
365:28 under us our camera platform is shaking but what a beautiful
365:31 but what a beautiful flight we interrupt this program to
365:33 flight we interrupt this program to present another in the series of onboard
365:35 present another in the series of onboard televis Transmissions from the Apollo 8
365:37 televis Transmissions from the Apollo 8 Space Capsule brought to you by Tang the
365:40 Space Capsule brought to you by Tang the Instant Breakfast drink chosen for giny
365:42 Instant Breakfast drink chosen for giny and Apollo
365:44 and Apollo Astronauts Apollo 8 now
365:47 Astronauts Apollo 8 now 175,50 mi from Earth and about to be
365:50 175,50 mi from Earth and about to be pulled in by the moon's gravity the
365:52 pulled in by the moon's gravity the astronauts have now truly left the earth
365:54 astronauts have now truly left the earth and its gravity for this second telecast
365:57 and its gravity for this second telecast Frank Borman has fixed the TV camera on
365:59 Frank Borman has fixed the TV camera on a bracket below his window and has
366:01 a bracket below his window and has turned Apollo 8 so it faces the Earth
366:03 turned Apollo 8 so it faces the Earth and now here are the television pictures
366:05 and now here are the television pictures coming through from Apollo control uh
366:07 coming through from Apollo control uh Houston what you're seeing is the
366:09 Houston what you're seeing is the Western
366:10 Western Hemisphere I can see the southwestern
366:13 Hemisphere I can see the southwestern part of the United States and it appears
366:15 part of the United States and it appears now that the east coast is cloudy Apollo
366:18 now that the east coast is cloudy Apollo 8 around Christmas of
366:21 8 around Christmas of 1968 showed us the craters of the Moon
366:24 1968 showed us the craters of the Moon and then showed us the Earth at the same
366:26 and then showed us the Earth at the same time and spoke to us they read the book
366:28 time and spoke to us they read the book of Genesis God said let the waters under
366:30 of Genesis God said let the waters under the heaven be gathered together into one
366:33 the heaven be gathered together into one place and let the dry land fair and it
366:36 place and let the dry land fair and it was Sal and God called the dry land
366:40 was Sal and God called the dry land Earth and the Gathering Together of the
366:43 Earth and the Gathering Together of the waters called these theves God saw that
366:46 waters called these theves God saw that it was good and from the crew of Apollo
366:49 it was good and from the crew of Apollo Merry Christmas and God bless all of you
366:52 Merry Christmas and God bless all of you all of you on The Good
366:54 all of you on The Good Earth The Far Side of the Moon and the
366:57 Earth The Far Side of the Moon and the Earth rise For the First time seen by
366:59 Earth rise For the First time seen by human eyes as well as at television
367:01 human eyes as well as at television broadcast from in orbit around the Moon
367:03 broadcast from in orbit around the Moon I'm sorry on Christmas Eve holy smokes
367:05 I'm sorry on Christmas Eve holy smokes who wrote that who's the genius who
367:07 who wrote that who's the genius who wrote that script pretty dang
367:10 wrote that script pretty dang [Music]
367:13 [Music] good 1968 was a tough year for the
367:16 good 1968 was a tough year for the country assassinations bad stuff
367:18 country assassinations bad stuff happening in Vietnam and people were
367:20 happening in Vietnam and people were kind of down but it was a great way to
367:22 kind of down but it was a great way to end it with people going around the moon
367:24 end it with people going around the moon for the first time no one's been able to
367:26 for the first time no one's been able to do it since beside the United
367:29 do it since beside the United [Music]
367:30 [Music] [Applause]
367:33 [Applause] States then Apollo 9 goes up a few
367:36 States then Apollo 9 goes up a few months later does everything it needs to
367:38 months later does everything it needs to do in Earth orbit then you have Apollo
367:41 do in Earth orbit then you have Apollo 10 that does the same thing that Apollo
367:43 10 that does the same thing that Apollo 9 does but except they fly all the way
367:45 9 does but except they fly all the way to the Moon to do it in lunar orbit the
367:47 to the Moon to do it in lunar orbit the lunar marle goes down to within a few
367:49 lunar marle goes down to within a few miles of the lunar surface that works
367:51 miles of the lunar surface that works fine they come back no one has paid
367:53 fine they come back no one has paid attention to Apollo 10 Apollo 10 risk
367:57 attention to Apollo 10 Apollo 10 risk death like everybody and it's just this
367:58 death like everybody and it's just this forgotten thing oh yeah they did that
368:01 forgotten thing oh yeah they did that too what a shame they didn't get to land
368:02 too what a shame they didn't get to land on the moon and just a few months later
368:06 on the moon and just a few months later it came down to Apollo 11 what kind of a
368:09 it came down to Apollo 11 what kind of a physical sensation do you expect at
368:10 physical sensation do you expect at actual touchdown I hope I hope it
368:13 actual touchdown I hope I hope it they'll be relatively mild uh there's no
368:16 they'll be relatively mild uh there's no intention to make a smooth touchdown we
368:19 intention to make a smooth touchdown we would prefer to come in a several feet
368:22 would prefer to come in a several feet per second so that we will collapse the
368:24 per second so that we will collapse the struts so that that bottom step on the
368:26 struts so that that bottom step on the ladder is close enough to get down to
368:28 ladder is close enough to get down to the moon and even more important close
368:30 the moon and even more important close enough to get back
368:31 enough to get back up this is CBS news coverage of man on
368:36 up this is CBS news coverage of man on the
368:49 moon it was almost like this enormous flywheel of momentum was gathering speed
368:54 flywheel of momentum was gathering speed and the level of public attention on
368:57 and the level of public attention on those three astronauts and especially on
369:00 those three astronauts and especially on Neil Armstrong because by that time we
369:03 Neil Armstrong because by that time we all knew that Neil was going to be the
369:05 all knew that Neil was going to be the first one to put his foot on the
369:08 first one to put his foot on the moon Aldren will follow just 20 minutes
369:11 moon Aldren will follow just 20 minutes later but Armstrong will take that first
369:13 later but Armstrong will take that first step in more ways than
369:22 [Music] one here they are as they left the uh
369:25 one here they are as they left the uh the man Space Center at about 6:30 this
369:28 the man Space Center at about 6:30 this morning there the van backs up to this
369:32 morning there the van backs up to this cage elevator and takes them up a couple
369:35 cage elevator and takes them up a couple floors to the second level then out of
369:38 floors to the second level then out of that cage and across a few feet through
369:40 that cage and across a few feet through a large hatch in the permanent launch
369:44 a large hatch in the permanent launch structure the countdown going well 28
369:47 structure the countdown going well 28 minutes and
369:51 minutes and Counting got a picture there former
369:53 Counting got a picture there former President Johnson and Mrs Johnson as
369:55 President Johnson and Mrs Johnson as they arrive in that BV VIP buing
370:01 they arrive in that BV VIP buing area power transfer is complete we're on
370:04 area power transfer is complete we're on internal power with the launch vehicle
370:06 internal power with the launch vehicle at this time p is 15 seconds away from
370:10 at this time p is 15 seconds away from the Apollo 11 liftoff and guidance is
370:13 the Apollo 11 liftoff and guidance is internal 10 9 ignition sequence starts 6
370:19 internal 10 9 ignition sequence starts 6 5 4 3 2 1 zero
371:22 velocity 2,195 ft per second be advised the
371:25 2,195 ft per second be advised the visual as go today yeah they finally
371:27 visual as go today yeah they finally gave me a window to look out
371:30 gave me a window to look out [Music]
371:39 [Music] Apollo 11 this is Houston you are
371:41 Apollo 11 this is Houston you are confirmed go
371:43 confirmed go [Music]
371:46 [Music] for back here at our CBS News space
371:49 for back here at our CBS News space headquarters we're watching the
371:51 headquarters we're watching the countdown to the landing on the moon and
371:53 countdown to the landing on the moon and waiting for the uh the spacecraft to
371:56 waiting for the uh the spacecraft to come around on this side of the moon
371:58 come around on this side of the moon again so we can get confirmation that
372:00 again so we can get confirmation that all is still going
372:02 all is still going well 11 you got a pretty big audience
372:05 well 11 you got a pretty big audience it's live in the US it's going live to
372:07 it's live in the US it's going live to Japan Western Europe and much of South
372:09 Japan Western Europe and much of South America appreciate the great show they
372:13 America appreciate the great show they weren't just going on a pleasure Cruise
372:14 weren't just going on a pleasure Cruise here they had a lot of work to do they
372:16 here they had a lot of work to do they needed to be on the top of their game
372:18 needed to be on the top of their game working together as a crew and with the
372:20 working together as a crew and with the control center so they were probably in
372:22 control center so they were probably in the zone I would have been in the zone
372:24 the zone I would have been in the zone big
372:25 big time everything had been tried on the
372:29 time everything had been tried on the missions leading up to that point except
372:31 missions leading up to that point except the landing itself and there was a good
372:33 the landing itself and there was a good reason for that the landing was the most
372:36 reason for that the landing was the most complex part of the entire Apollo
372:39 complex part of the entire Apollo Mission it was essentially a controlled
372:44 Mission it was essentially a controlled fall Landing 300 ft we go same we go
372:49 fall Landing 300 ft we go same we go down two and a half Neil Armstrong took
372:51 down two and a half Neil Armstrong took over manually during The Descent because
372:54 over manually during The Descent because they were coming down in an area that
372:55 they were coming down in an area that was the planned area to land but there
372:57 was the planned area to land but there were Boulders and some other kind of
372:59 were Boulders and some other kind of stuff so he had to maneuver the lunar
373:01 stuff so he had to maneuver the lunar lander away from from where it was
373:03 lander away from from where it was headed to land
373:05 headed to land them which also caused everybody to
373:08 them which also caused everybody to start worrying because they had a finite
373:10 start worrying because they had a finite amount of fuel and so for him to do what
373:12 amount of fuel and so for him to do what he did caused everybody on the ground to
373:14 he did caused everybody on the ground to get really nervous forward dri to the
373:18 get really nervous forward dri to the right
373:20 right back Tranquility base here has landed
373:24 back Tranquility base here has landed Roger Tranquility we copy you on the
373:26 Roger Tranquility we copy you on the ground you got a bunch of guys about to
373:28 ground you got a bunch of guys about to turn
373:29 turn blue Armstrong is on the Moon Neil
373:32 blue Armstrong is on the Moon Neil Armstrong 38-year-old America
373:35 Armstrong 38-year-old America standing on the surface of the Moon on
373:38 standing on the surface of the Moon on this July 20th
373:40 this July 20th 1969 that's one small step for
373:46 man one
373:54 for it was a moment when it seemed like the whole country and even most of the
373:57 the whole country and even most of the world kind of stopped in their tracks
374:00 world kind of stopped in their tracks and just took all this in with a sense
374:03 and just took all this in with a sense of wonder and almost disbelief
374:06 of wonder and almost disbelief my God can this really be
374:12 happening that looks beautiful for different but it's very pretty out
374:15 for different but it's very pretty out here okay ready for me to come out all
374:18 here okay ready for me to come out all set okay I'm on the top step you've got
374:20 set okay I'm on the top step you've got three more steps and then a long one
374:23 three more steps and then a long one there you
374:24 there you go we'll read the plaque that's on the
374:27 go we'll read the plaque that's on the front landing gear of this lamb here men
374:30 front landing gear of this lamb here men from the planet Earth First set foot
374:32 from the planet Earth First set foot upon the moon July 196
374:35 upon the moon July 196 69 it came inde For All
374:45 Mankind the real Moment of Truth is next they still have to get off the surface
374:47 they still have to get off the surface of the Moon they push the button on the
374:49 of the Moon they push the button on the computer and then bang they see the moon
374:51 computer and then bang they see the moon receding from them and then some minutes
374:54 receding from them and then some minutes later they're back in lunar orbit and
374:57 later they're back in lunar orbit and they're on their way to rendevu with my
375:00 they're on their way to rendevu with my colls although the entire world could
375:03 colls although the entire world could watch the Apollo 11 astronauts take
375:05 watch the Apollo 11 astronauts take Man's first steps on the moon the
375:07 Man's first steps on the moon the pre-dawn darkness of the mid-pacific
375:08 pre-dawn darkness of the mid-pacific obscured their return to Earth so it was
375:12 obscured their return to Earth so it was already daylight when the carrier Hornet
375:14 already daylight when the carrier Hornet approached and found Colombia in the
375:16 approached and found Colombia in the ocean
375:18 ocean swells buzz and might I want you to know
375:20 swells buzz and might I want you to know that I think I'm the luckiest man in the
375:22 that I think I'm the luckiest man in the world because I have the privilege of uh
375:26 world because I have the privilege of uh speaking for so many and welcoming you
375:28 speaking for so many and welcoming you back to Earth
375:32 back to Earth [Music]
375:40 it was such a huge event in our country's history I grew up in New York
375:42 country's history I grew up in New York this was big in than the Met win in the
375:43 this was big in than the Met win in the World Series in ' 69 I remember as a
375:45 World Series in ' 69 I remember as a little boy looking up to them thinking
375:46 little boy looking up to them thinking that these guys are even cool in him you
375:48 that these guys are even cool in him you know the Beatles you know these guys
375:51 know the Beatles you know these guys were the epitome of
375:52 were the epitome of [Music]
376:03 [Music] cool there was is another one of these
376:05 cool there was is another one of these suckers scheduled for November so the
376:09 suckers scheduled for November so the people who did it were so busy getting
376:11 people who did it were so busy getting ready for the next one they didn't have
376:13 ready for the next one they didn't have time to celebrate the first
376:24 one hon yaneer with to has arrived time we didn't actually spend much time
376:26 we didn't actually spend much time asking ourselves about the greater
376:27 asking ourselves about the greater meaning of this we weren't aware of what
376:30 meaning of this we weren't aware of what was going on around the world in terms
376:32 was going on around the world in terms of the reaction of people we just
376:33 of the reaction of people we just pressed right on think I see my crater
376:36 pressed right on think I see my crater wa there it is there it is son of a gun
376:39 wa there it is there it is son of a gun right down the middle of the road
376:41 right down the middle of the road outstanding
376:42 outstanding 42° it wasn't until afterwards that we
376:45 42° it wasn't until afterwards that we began to realize the depth of the
376:47 began to realize the depth of the significance of it until Apollo 11 the
376:49 significance of it until Apollo 11 the moon was UN attainable mystery but after
376:53 moon was UN attainable mystery but after Apollo 11 the Moon is mysterious no
376:56 Apollo 11 the Moon is mysterious no longer all of Human Experience will be
376:58 longer all of Human Experience will be divided into two eras before man walked
377:00 divided into two eras before man walked on the moon and after man walked on the
377:02 on the moon and after man walked on the moon the whole world was together at
377:06 moon the whole world was together at that particular moment it was an example
377:08 that particular moment it was an example that in spite of all that's going on
377:10 that in spite of all that's going on down here in spite of all that we're
377:12 down here in spite of all that we're going through there's
377:13 going through there's hope my generation is the generation
377:17 hope my generation is the generation that changed the Moon from an object to
377:20 that changed the Moon from an object to a place and that will never happen again
377:23 a place and that will never happen again there can only be one first time the
377:25 there can only be one first time the Space Program in the 1960s it set the
377:27 Space Program in the 1960s it set the standard of what we could do I mean even
377:30 standard of what we could do I mean even say today we can land a man on the moon
377:32 say today we can land a man on the moon but we can't do this you know when we
377:34 but we can't do this you know when we think of it within the the Space Program
377:35 think of it within the the Space Program we're like go to Mars yeah we could go
377:37 we're like go to Mars yeah we could go to Mars we went to the moon in 1969 we
377:41 to Mars we went to the moon in 1969 we can do anything to all those Americans
377:44 can do anything to all those Americans who built those spacecrafts and put
377:46 who built those spacecrafts and put their hearts and all their abilities
377:50 their hearts and all their abilities into those crafts to those people
377:52 into those crafts to those people tonight we give a special thank you and
377:55 tonight we give a special thank you and to all the other people that are
377:56 to all the other people that are listening and watching tonight God bless
377:59 listening and watching tonight God bless you good night from
378:01 you good night from apoll Thursday on the 60s Martin the
378:05 apoll Thursday on the 60s Martin the King was shot and was killed
378:08 King was shot and was killed tonight 1968 was one damn thing after
378:11 tonight 1968 was one damn thing after another more troops are being killed
378:14 another more troops are being killed every week people were afraid we have
378:17 every week people were afraid we have that and understanding for our fellow CI
378:21 that and understanding for our fellow CI have America I picked up the phone just
378:24 have America I picked up the phone just colleague said something's happened to
378:26 colleague said something's happened to the senator something happen 60s
378:29 the senator something happen 60s Thursday night at 9: on CNN
378:32 Thursday night at 9: on CNN [Music]
378:42 the enemy of Freedom has chosen to make this year the decisive one something's
378:44 this year the decisive one something's going to happen the change is on the way
378:48 going to happen the change is on the way we can change America we can change the
378:50 we can change America we can change the world what we need now is a
378:53 world what we need now is a Reconciliation in this land there's not
378:56 Reconciliation in this land there's not anything wrong with you that a good
378:57 anything wrong with you that a good haircut wouldn't C and rest assured we
378:59 haircut wouldn't C and rest assured we Democrats will Stir It Up out here this
379:01 Democrats will Stir It Up out here this election year of 1968 has touched the
379:04 election year of 1968 has touched the emotion assaulted logic as never before
379:07 emotion assaulted logic as never before I think we're having a little too much
379:09 I think we're having a little too much violence in this country we go up
379:11 violence in this country we go up together or we go down together if we
379:13 together or we go down together if we have that love and understanding for our
379:16 have that love and understanding for our fellow citizens we will have a new
379:18 fellow citizens we will have a new America and I need your help
379:22 America and I need your help [Music]
380:16 [Applause] [Music]
380:29 [Music] [Applause]
380:30 [Applause] [Music]
380:33 [Music] if you look at the whole year as
380:37 if you look at the whole year as theater as real acts of
380:41 theater as real acts of tragedy there's an almost poetic feeling
380:44 tragedy there's an almost poetic feeling to
380:45 to it 1968 was one godamn thing after
380:56 another hardly a day goes by without a new report of another demonstration or
380:58 new report of another demonstration or protest against the Vietnam
380:59 protest against the Vietnam [Applause]
381:03 [Applause] War there is is in the
381:06 War there is is in the land a certain
381:09 land a certain restlessness Lon Johnson whatever else
381:12 restlessness Lon Johnson whatever else one thinks of him his reputation will
381:15 one thinks of him his reputation will always have the stone of Vietnam around
381:18 always have the stone of Vietnam around it we're living in the middle of a beast
381:20 it we're living in the middle of a beast l Johnson is a common murderer Johnson
381:23 l Johnson is a common murderer Johnson did things that no other president did
381:25 did things that no other president did Civil Rights Great Society he should
381:29 Civil Rights Great Society he should have been somebody that every young
381:31 have been somebody that every young person and every liberal would have
381:32 person and every liberal would have celebrated but they didn't
381:35 celebrated but they didn't he became the Vietnam War President
381:38 he became the Vietnam War President we've been told repeatedly that we're
381:40 we've been told repeatedly that we're succeeding we're we're defeating them
381:42 succeeding we're we're defeating them they can't hold out Johnson kept saying
381:45 they can't hold out Johnson kept saying there's light at the end of the tunnel
381:47 there's light at the end of the tunnel this is a CBS News special report saon
381:50 this is a CBS News special report saon Under Fire the enemy in Vietnam has
381:52 Under Fire the enemy in Vietnam has demolished the myth that allied military
381:55 demolished the myth that allied military strength controls that
382:01 country the American Embassy is under siege inside are the Viet Kong Terror
382:03 siege inside are the Viet Kong Terror squads that charged in during the
382:06 squads that charged in during the night the Ted offensive was an enormous
382:11 night the Ted offensive was an enormous game Cher they were shooting up the
382:13 game Cher they were shooting up the American Embassy they had hit dozens of
382:16 American Embassy they had hit dozens of cities all over Vietnam it was a
382:19 cities all over Vietnam it was a tremendous shock already closer we have
382:25 tremendous shock already closer we have known for several months now that the
382:27 known for several months now that the Communist planned a massive Wonder
382:29 Communist planned a massive Wonder spring offensive we do not think that
382:32 spring offensive we do not think that our military operations are going to be
382:35 our military operations are going to be at all M materially affective he was
382:38 at all M materially affective he was unable to be honest with the American
382:41 unable to be honest with the American people because of course he was
382:42 people because of course he was unwilling to Simply say this is an
382:46 unwilling to Simply say this is an unwinable War KRON Kai's Vietnam report
382:50 unwinable War KRON Kai's Vietnam report real one take
382:52 real one take four these ruins are in Saigon capital
382:56 four these ruins are in Saigon capital and largest city of South Vietnam when
382:59 and largest city of South Vietnam when he went to Vietnam during Ted it was the
383:02 he went to Vietnam during Ted it was the first time and maybe the only time that
383:05 first time and maybe the only time that Walter had shown any kind of bias in his
383:09 Walter had shown any kind of bias in his public broadcast it is increasingly
383:11 public broadcast it is increasingly clear to this report that the only
383:14 clear to this report that the only rational way out will be to negotiate
383:17 rational way out will be to negotiate not as Victors but as an honorable
383:20 not as Victors but as an honorable people who lived up to their pledge to
383:22 people who lived up to their pledge to defend democracy and did the best they
383:25 defend democracy and did the best they could after Walter kronite Johnson's
383:29 could after Walter kronite Johnson's popularity sinks to most ordinary
383:32 popularity sinks to most ordinary citizens it has become obvious the war
383:34 citizens it has become obvious the war is not being won opposition to the war
383:37 is not being won opposition to the war was Rising it wasn't just beatniks and
383:40 was Rising it wasn't just beatniks and young kids we are fighting a
383:44 young kids we are fighting a war and I'm convinced that it is one of
383:46 war and I'm convinced that it is one of the most unjust Wars that has ever been
383:49 the most unjust Wars that has ever been fought in the history of the world
383:52 fought in the history of the world Martin Luther King came out against the
383:55 Martin Luther King came out against the Vietnam War his own followers said you
383:58 Vietnam War his own followers said you shouldn't be focusing on that you should
383:59 shouldn't be focusing on that you should be focusing on our issue and he said
384:01 be focusing on our issue and he said they're intertwined you can't separate
384:03 they're intertwined you can't separate them president k said on one
384:06 them president k said on one occasion mankind must put an end to
384:10 occasion mankind must put an end to war a
384:12 war a war will put an end to
384:14 war will put an end to mankind do you honestly think that if
384:17 mankind do you honestly think that if there was an election a vote for and
384:19 there was an election a vote for and against the war that the anti-war people
384:21 against the war that the anti-war people would win
384:23 would win out well it's really hard to tell now
384:25 out well it's really hard to tell now the polls are uncertain but the polls do
384:27 the polls are uncertain but the polls do say that most of the country is
384:29 say that most of the country is discontent with the manner of the war is
384:31 discontent with the manner of the war is taken I think something ought to be done
384:40 how are you when some of the anti-war activists were looking for somebody to
384:41 activists were looking for somebody to run for president and a number of people
384:43 run for president and a number of people turned them down including Robert
384:45 turned them down including Robert Kennedy there are increasing reports out
384:47 Kennedy there are increasing reports out of Washington that your advisers are not
384:48 of Washington that your advisers are not telling you that you should run against
384:50 telling you that you should run against President Johnson this year I have no
384:52 President Johnson this year I have no plans I have no uh plans to change the
384:55 plans I have no uh plans to change the statement that I've already made
384:56 statement that I've already made according
384:58 according toor the Assumption among the Kennedy
385:00 toor the Assumption among the Kennedy Intimates was that LBJ was totally
385:02 Intimates was that LBJ was totally unbeatable in 1968 and Bobby would run
385:05 unbeatable in 1968 and Bobby would run in
385:06 in 1972 the anti-war movement needed a
385:09 1972 the anti-war movement needed a leader and it f to Jan McCarthy do
385:13 leader and it f to Jan McCarthy do meeting you nice to meet you very
385:15 meeting you nice to meet you very nice Senator President Johnson supporter
385:18 nice Senator President Johnson supporter say you don't have a chance here in New
385:19 say you don't have a chance here in New Hampshire and you'll be lucky if you get
385:21 Hampshire and you'll be lucky if you get 10% of the vote what do you say about
385:22 10% of the vote what do you say about that well I don't know uh uh people who
385:25 that well I don't know uh uh people who are supporting me say we'll do much
385:26 are supporting me say we'll do much better than that one Democrat Senator
385:29 better than that one Democrat Senator Eugene McCarthy defied president to bid
385:31 Eugene McCarthy defied president to bid for his party's nomination his platform
385:33 for his party's nomination his platform peace Eugene McCarthy does something
385:35 peace Eugene McCarthy does something that you know is taboo he comes out
385:37 that you know is taboo he comes out against the sitting president from the
385:39 against the sitting president from the same party McCarthy came in from left
385:42 same party McCarthy came in from left field he was not thought of in the front
385:45 field he was not thought of in the front rank of presidential
385:47 rank of presidential contenders but there was a great deal of
385:50 contenders but there was a great deal of frustration and even despair among the
385:52 frustration and even despair among the young Eugene McCarthy gave them hope
385:54 young Eugene McCarthy gave them hope volunteers for Senator McCarthy
385:57 volunteers for Senator McCarthy reminding everybody to vote in primary
385:59 reminding everybody to vote in primary from NBC News election Central in
386:01 from NBC News election Central in Manchester New Hampshire this is the
386:03 Manchester New Hampshire this is the news
386:05 news if McCarthy gets as much as 30% of the
386:07 if McCarthy gets as much as 30% of the vote or more against an incumbent
386:10 vote or more against an incumbent president he can legitimately claim an
386:13 president he can legitimately claim an important
386:14 important [Music]
386:16 [Music] Victory mcarthy didn't win the New
386:19 Victory mcarthy didn't win the New Hampshire primary but he took enough
386:21 Hampshire primary but he took enough votes that it scared
386:24 votes that it scared Lyon they got 42% of the vote but
386:28 Lyon they got 42% of the vote but McCarthy was a nothing an upstart if
386:32 McCarthy was a nothing an upstart if McCarthy could draw blood John was
386:34 McCarthy could draw blood John was vulnerable we said 68 was the year I
386:37 vulnerable we said 68 was the year I think that March the 12th was the
386:44 day how does this strike you you're not disappointed that he didn't actually win
386:46 disappointed that he didn't actually win no oh he did win though this is exactly
386:48 no oh he did win though this is exactly what he wanted he said he shouldn't have
386:50 what he wanted he said he shouldn't have descent that that breaks down our system
386:52 descent that that breaks down our system you should work through the Democratic
386:53 you should work through the Democratic process to get what you want you can
386:55 process to get what you want you can hope and I mean you've got to base it on
386:57 hope and I mean you've got to base it on a dream and this is coming true what
386:59 a dream and this is coming true what ever happened to Robert
387:00 ever happened to Robert Kennedy uh I think
387:03 Kennedy uh I think [Music]
387:06 [Music] perhaps the most important result out of
387:07 perhaps the most important result out of all this from McCarthy's Viewpoint is
387:09 all this from McCarthy's Viewpoint is that he will from now on be treated as a
387:11 that he will from now on be treated as a serious presidential
387:13 serious presidential candidate all of a sudden after New
387:15 candidate all of a sudden after New Hampshire there's a new political
387:17 Hampshire there's a new political reality and Bobby very rapidly starts
387:21 reality and Bobby very rapidly starts recalculating would you welcome his
387:23 recalculating would you welcome his entrance well I it's a little crowded
387:26 entrance well I it's a little crowded now
387:34 but this CNN original series the 60s is brought to you by CC
387:43 careers.com the issue of 68 the issue of 1968 is not the Johnson personality but
387:46 1968 is not the Johnson personality but the Johnson policies and I happen to
387:48 the Johnson policies and I happen to believe that this country can't afford
387:51 believe that this country can't afford four more years of Lyndon Johnson that
387:54 four more years of Lyndon Johnson that is the issue
387:55 is the issue 19 for 16 years now in the shadow play
387:59 19 for 16 years now in the shadow play of American politics there has always
388:01 of American politics there has always been a Richard Nixon he's not coming
388:03 been a Richard Nixon he's not coming back he never left most political
388:06 back he never left most political observers thought Nixon was finished
388:08 observers thought Nixon was finished he'd been counted out so many times so
388:10 he'd been counted out so many times so Nixon wanted to show the leaders of the
388:12 Nixon wanted to show the leaders of the Republican Party he was a winner we'll
388:14 Republican Party he was a winner we'll inaugurate a Republican president next
388:16 inaugurate a Republican president next January thank you media consultants
388:18 January thank you media consultants worked with him so he wouldn't be the
388:21 worked with him so he wouldn't be the sweaty Nixon of 1960 I'm I'm really the
388:24 sweaty Nixon of 1960 I'm I'm really the most difficult man in the world when it
388:25 most difficult man in the world when it comes to a so-called public relations
388:27 comes to a so-called public relations firm nobody's going to package me uh
388:30 firm nobody's going to package me uh nobody's going to make me put on an act
388:33 nobody's going to make me put on an act for television if people looking at me
388:36 for television if people looking at me say that's a new Nixon then all that I
388:38 say that's a new Nixon then all that I can say is well maybe you didn't know
388:40 can say is well maybe you didn't know the old Nixon I wrote a diary of being
388:42 the old Nixon I wrote a diary of being on the Nixon campaign plane and I came
388:45 on the Nixon campaign plane and I came out just saying what does he believe in
388:48 out just saying what does he believe in what does he care about how can we trust
388:50 what does he care about how can we trust him I realized that the person I felt
388:53 him I realized that the person I felt most related to was Robert
389:03 Kennedy I have traveled and I have listened to the young people of our
389:05 listened to the young people of our nation and felt their anger about the
389:08 nation and felt their anger about the war that they are sent to fight about
389:11 war that they are sent to fight about the world that they are about to
389:14 the world that they are about to inherit I am announcing today my
389:17 inherit I am announcing today my candidacy for the presidency of the
389:19 candidacy for the presidency of the United
389:21 United States Eugene McCarthy clears the way
389:24 States Eugene McCarthy clears the way and tests the water but he wasn't the
389:27 and tests the water but he wasn't the guy who was going to get there Bobby was
389:29 guy who was going to get there Bobby was going to get there this nation must
389:31 going to get there this nation must adopt a foreign policy which which says
389:34 adopt a foreign policy which which says clearly and distinctly no more
389:42 vietnams you have the Declaration of another rival candidate from within his
389:44 another rival candidate from within his own party currents of anti-war sentiment
389:46 own party currents of anti-war sentiment are building up and at the same time the
389:48 are building up and at the same time the war is getting worse I think if you're
389:50 war is getting worse I think if you're Lynden Johnson you feel you're being
389:53 Lynden Johnson you feel you're being surrounded by a stampede good evening my
389:56 surrounded by a stampede good evening my fellow
389:57 fellow Americans tonight I want to speak to
390:00 Americans tonight I want to speak to you of Peace in Vietnam and Southeast
390:04 you of Peace in Vietnam and Southeast East Asia this is the moment for LBJ
390:07 East Asia this is the moment for LBJ where the pressures of Vietnam are
390:10 where the pressures of Vietnam are becoming almost overwhelming it is true
390:13 becoming almost overwhelming it is true that A house divided against itself is a
390:17 that A house divided against itself is a house that cannot stand
390:21 house that cannot stand accordingly I shall not
390:25 accordingly I shall not see and I will not
390:27 see and I will not accept the nomination of my party for
390:30 accept the nomination of my party for another term as your president
390:34 another term as your president you have just heard the president of the
390:36 you have just heard the president of the United States Lyndon Baines Johnson in
390:38 United States Lyndon Baines Johnson in an address from his office at the White
390:41 an address from his office at the White House the advanced text of his address
390:44 House the advanced text of his address did not contain those last remarks
390:46 did not contain those last remarks saying and I quote from President
390:48 saying and I quote from President Johnson I shall not seek and will not
390:50 Johnson I shall not seek and will not accept the nomination of my party for
390:53 accept the nomination of my party for the presidency Roger no question about
390:56 the presidency Roger no question about it this was a bombshell
390:58 it this was a bombshell politically well I you you really don't
391:00 politically well I you you really don't know where to begin
391:02 know where to begin uh our guess today on Meet the Press is
391:05 uh our guess today on Meet the Press is the vice president Hubert H Humphrey who
391:07 the vice president Hubert H Humphrey who yesterday announced his candidacy for
391:09 yesterday announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination
391:11 the Democratic presidential nomination Huber Humphrey was lbj's vice president
391:14 Huber Humphrey was lbj's vice president and now he's running for President
391:16 and now he's running for President Humphrey has doubts about Vietnam but
391:18 Humphrey has doubts about Vietnam but has been a good soldier he stood by
391:20 has been a good soldier he stood by Johnson your president made the Supreme
391:23 Johnson your president made the Supreme political sacrifice to promote this
391:25 political sacrifice to promote this cause of
391:27 cause of Peace he was one of the casualties of
391:30 Peace he was one of the casualties of this
391:31 this War I don't think there was ever an
391:34 War I don't think there was ever an overwhelming enthusiasm for for Hubert
391:37 overwhelming enthusiasm for for Hubert the drama of McCarthy and Kennedy had
391:40 the drama of McCarthy and Kennedy had captured everyone's attention is the key
391:43 captured everyone's attention is the key Vietnam yes in a large way in a large
391:46 Vietnam yes in a large way in a large measure not totally but uh uh there's a
391:48 measure not totally but uh uh there's a certain degree of General protest
391:50 certain degree of General protest amongst youth which I think is unbalance
391:53 amongst youth which I think is unbalance a healthy thing
392:06 of frustration on the part of of students that the war was not drawing to
392:09 students that the war was not drawing to a close despite our our demonstrations
392:11 a close despite our our demonstrations so students began to become more
392:15 so students began to become more militant at Columbia University students
392:18 militant at Columbia University students barricade themselves into University
392:20 barricade themselves into University buildings their leader is a 20-year-old
392:22 buildings their leader is a 20-year-old ex-boy Scout Mark R I would say that
392:26 ex-boy Scout Mark R I would say that that we now have more support than any
392:29 that we now have more support than any group has on about any political issue
392:32 group has on about any political issue has ever held on any
392:34 has ever held on any at any time Colombia became the symbol
392:37 at any time Colombia became the symbol of students in
392:40 of students in Revolt activist like Tom Hayden went to
392:43 Revolt activist like Tom Hayden went to Colombia and said let's have more
392:46 Colombia and said let's have more colombias there's nothing like feeling
392:48 colombias there's nothing like feeling that you're fighting the power or
392:50 that you're fighting the power or somebody's listening to you at least to
392:52 somebody's listening to you at least to draw more people in we started Shou the
392:56 draw more people in we started Shou the phrase and it's a phrase has been used
392:58 phrase and it's a phrase has been used in other words and by actions of people
393:01 in other words and by actions of people all around the world when they face
393:04 all around the world when they face TRS and that phrase is up forget the
393:12 wall we had an idea that this was the beginning of something very important we
393:15 beginning of something very important we took it as the beginning of Revolution
393:19 took it as the beginning of Revolution what's happening to America conversation
393:21 what's happening to America conversation three tonight our young people what's
393:24 three tonight our young people what's bothering them is there really a
393:27 bothering them is there really a generation gap generation gap is a way
393:30 generation gap generation gap is a way that whites in this country and the
393:31 that whites in this country and the structure in this country the system in
393:33 structure in this country the system in this country rationalizes its lack of
393:36 this country rationalizes its lack of responsibility in teaching this
393:37 responsibility in teaching this generation how to solve the problems
393:39 generation how to solve the problems which we are faced with 1968 was the
393:42 which we are faced with 1968 was the year that you could point to and say
393:45 year that you could point to and say here is where the separation began
393:49 here is where the separation began between past generations and generations
393:54 between past generations and generations going
393:55 going forward I think all of us have a role to
393:58 forward I think all of us have a role to play and I think all of us have a great
394:01 play and I think all of us have a great stake in the future you more than
394:03 stake in the future you more than anybody else as President Kennedy once
394:05 anybody else as President Kennedy once said you have the least ties to the past
394:08 said you have the least ties to the past and the greatest stake in the future you
394:10 and the greatest stake in the future you always find idealism in Youth and I
394:12 always find idealism in Youth and I think that's something my father and my
394:14 think that's something my father and my uncle recognized and why they always
394:16 uncle recognized and why they always visited the
394:17 visited the universities I remember my father
394:19 universities I remember my father talking about how the founders of the
394:22 talking about how the founders of the American Revolution you know they were
394:24 American Revolution you know they were young
394:26 young people well you fellas don't even vote
394:28 people well you fellas don't even vote over here you're not even old my son you
394:30 over here you're not even old my son you don't even
394:32 don't even vote come up here and I'll autograph
394:35 vote come up here and I'll autograph your sandals for you that'll make you
394:37 your sandals for you that'll make you feel
394:38 feel better there was a third party candidate
394:40 better there was a third party candidate in this election George Wallace but
394:42 in this election George Wallace but Wallace was not affected by the Vietnam
394:44 Wallace was not affected by the Vietnam issue he was going to have a certain
394:46 issue he was going to have a certain amount of support in the South come with
394:47 amount of support in the South come with may there's not a dime worth a
394:49 may there's not a dime worth a difference in either one of the two
394:51 difference in either one of the two parties and if they don't give the
394:53 parties and if they don't give the people a choice we're going to give them
394:55 people a choice we're going to give them a choice by having a new party there was
394:58 a choice by having a new party there was just a plain ordinary anti-government
395:02 just a plain ordinary anti-government streak in him it was his act you
395:06 streak in him it was his act you bastards in Washington not going to tell
395:07 bastards in Washington not going to tell me what to do and you Anarchist better
395:10 me what to do and you Anarchist better have your day now because I tell you
395:12 have your day now because I tell you again you're through after November 5th
395:14 again you're through after November 5th in this
395:14 in this [Music]
395:20 country I have [Music]
395:28 [Music] already ladies and gentlemen
395:37 could you lower those signs please I have some very sad news for all
395:40 please I have some very sad news for all of you and I think uh sad news for all
395:44 of you and I think uh sad news for all of our fellow
395:45 of our fellow citizens and people who love peace all
395:49 citizens and people who love peace all over the
395:49 over the world and that is that Martin Luther
395:52 world and that is that Martin Luther King was shot and was killed tonight in
396:01 [Music] Memphis when King was killed Bobby was
396:04 Memphis when King was killed Bobby was on his way to a campaign stop in
396:07 on his way to a campaign stop in Indianapolis into the going into the
396:09 Indianapolis into the going into the ghetto and the cops said don't go they
396:12 ghetto and the cops said don't go they were fearful of a riot Bobby went
396:15 were fearful of a riot Bobby went anyways for those of you who are
396:19 anyways for those of you who are black and are attempted to fill with be
396:22 black and are attempted to fill with be filled with hatred and
396:26 filled with hatred and mistrust of the Injustice of such an
396:29 mistrust of the Injustice of such an act I would only say that I can also
396:32 act I would only say that I can also steal in my own heart the same kind of
396:36 steal in my own heart the same kind of feeling I had a member of my family
396:40 feeling I had a member of my family killed but he was killed by a white man
396:43 killed but he was killed by a white man he gives this spontaneous speech to an
396:46 he gives this spontaneous speech to an absolutely devastated crowd this wasn't
396:49 absolutely devastated crowd this wasn't just politics he made it personal let us
396:52 just politics he made it personal let us say a prayer for our country and for our
396:54 say a prayer for our country and for our people thank you very
397:03 much this country and every person in it suffered a terrible loss tonight with
397:05 suffered a terrible loss tonight with the assassination of this
397:07 the assassination of this man the perpetrator of this deed brings
397:09 man the perpetrator of this deed brings down upon all of us the painful charge
397:12 down upon all of us the painful charge that we Americans are prisoners of
397:14 that we Americans are prisoners of violence and destruction and death that
397:17 violence and destruction and death that is the tragedy of it restraint
397:20 is the tragedy of it restraint gentleness charity virtues we so
397:22 gentleness charity virtues we so desperately need have had a dark
397:27 desperately need have had a dark day King was the only rational voice
397:29 day King was the only rational voice that was left in America he stood
397:31 that was left in America he stood against the war in Vietnam he stood
397:32 against the war in Vietnam he stood against violence period so when you
397:34 against violence period so when you killed him you killed Everything You
397:36 killed him you killed Everything You Killed the only rational voice that's
397:38 Killed the only rational voice that's left it became absolutely clear you
397:42 left it became absolutely clear you don't want Dr King You've assassinated
397:45 don't want Dr King You've assassinated nonviolent direct action you tried to
397:47 nonviolent direct action you tried to kill the dream okay here's a taste of
397:49 kill the dream okay here's a taste of The
397:51 The [Music]
397:56 [Music] Nightmare the outrage could not be
397:58 Nightmare the outrage could not be contained fires burn the cities of
398:01 contained fires burn the cities of America Washington Chicago Detroit
398:04 America Washington Chicago Detroit Boston New York these are just a few of
398:06 Boston New York these are just a few of the cities in which the Negro anguish
398:09 the cities in which the Negro anguish over Dr King's murder expressed itself
398:11 over Dr King's murder expressed itself in violent destruction I remember coming
398:13 in violent destruction I remember coming back to Washington 2 or 3 days after
398:16 back to Washington 2 or 3 days after King had been killed you're thinking
398:17 King had been killed you're thinking what am I seeing here this is the United
398:20 what am I seeing here this is the United States of America and there are there
398:21 States of America and there are there are machine guns on the steps of the
398:25 are machine guns on the steps of the capital 100 cities Rage with Riot 20,000
398:28 capital 100 cities Rage with Riot 20,000 are arrested people were in open Revolt
398:31 are arrested people were in open Revolt Sirens wailing people
398:34 Sirens wailing people screaming and it it it shook everyone
398:36 screaming and it it it shook everyone black and white to the core nothing
398:40 black and white to the core nothing could be more desecrating to the memory
398:42 could be more desecrating to the memory of Martin Luther King than to use his
398:44 of Martin Luther King than to use his death as an excuse to engage in in
398:48 death as an excuse to engage in in violence there was a faith and spirit
398:52 violence there was a faith and spirit vacuum and when you find people who have
398:56 vacuum and when you find people who have lost that
398:59 lost that hope fear tends to fill that vacuum
399:03 hope fear tends to fill that vacuum peace people were increasingly afraid
399:06 peace people were increasingly afraid and Mr Law and Order stepped up on the
399:09 and Mr Law and Order stepped up on the Republican side this is a nation of laws
399:13 Republican side this is a nation of laws no one is above the law no one is below
399:15 no one is above the law no one is below the law and we're going to enforce the
399:18 the law and we're going to enforce the law and Americans should remember that
399:19 law and Americans should remember that if we're going to
399:21 if we're going to [Music]
399:21 [Music] [Applause]
399:27 [Applause] [Music]
399:30 [Music] haveing those divisions that exist
399:32 haveing those divisions that exist between black and white
399:34 between black and white I want us to work together and I run on
399:36 I want us to work together and I run on that basis for president of the United
399:38 that basis for president of the United States my father's appeal was to really
399:42 States my father's appeal was to really the most disenfranchised classes he felt
399:45 the most disenfranchised classes he felt like nobody else was speaking for them
399:48 like nobody else was speaking for them and that's where his base was rather
399:51 and that's where his base was rather than with the with the Liberals the
399:52 than with the with the Liberals the Liberals were for McCarthy I want to
399:55 Liberals were for McCarthy I want to reassure you that I'm not yielding to
399:56 reassure you that I'm not yielding to anybody along the way either the vice
399:58 anybody along the way either the vice president or Senator
400:01 president or Senator Kennedy Indiana Bobby winds Nebraska
400:05 Kennedy Indiana Bobby winds Nebraska Bobby winds and then on May 28th Oregon
400:09 Bobby winds and then on May 28th Oregon McCarthy's crowds in recent days have
400:11 McCarthy's crowds in recent days have been good larger than Kennedy's in many
400:13 been good larger than Kennedy's in many places although without the frenzy that
400:15 places although without the frenzy that accompanies a Kennedy appearance I can't
400:17 accompanies a Kennedy appearance I can't afford to lose if I'm going to remain uh
400:20 afford to lose if I'm going to remain uh a very active and viable candidate who
400:23 a very active and viable candidate who would very adversely affect me in a very
400:25 would very adversely affect me in a very serious way the actual final figures yet
400:29 serious way the actual final figures yet to come in but apparently Senator
400:30 to come in but apparently Senator McCarthy has won a major victory in
400:34 McCarthy has won a major victory in Oregon Senator Kennedy has suffered a
400:36 Oregon Senator Kennedy has suffered a severe setback they move on now to
400:38 severe setback they move on now to California and the primary there a week
400:41 California and the primary there a week from tonight and this result tonight
400:44 from tonight and this result tonight does not prove of course that Kennedy is
400:45 does not prove of course that Kennedy is politically dead this year it does prove
400:47 politically dead this year it does prove that he is politically mortal it
400:49 that he is politically mortal it establishes that he is Robert Kennedy
400:51 establishes that he is Robert Kennedy after all not John F Kennedy I think
400:53 after all not John F Kennedy I think what will happen now is that McCarthy
400:55 what will happen now is that McCarthy gets a new life he's still a long shot
400:57 gets a new life he's still a long shot but he has a chance now I think that
401:00 but he has a chance now I think that however you don't uh write off Robert
401:02 however you don't uh write off Robert Kennedy
401:03 Kennedy uh because he can come off the flooor
401:05 uh because he can come off the flooor and win big in California that's what he
401:07 and win big in California that's what he has to do but if he doesn't win big in
401:08 has to do but if he doesn't win big in California he's
401:23 headed Bobby Kennedy having lost Oregon knew that he had to win California and
401:26 knew that he had to win California and that would be his ticket to the
401:28 that would be his ticket to the convention it will take a very big win a
401:30 convention it will take a very big win a spectacular win in California to a badly
401:35 spectacular win in California to a badly shattered Bobby's going to do it you
401:38 shattered Bobby's going to do it you know this is just the way everybody felt
401:42 know this is just the way everybody felt final total will be Kennedy 48% Senator
401:45 final total will be Kennedy 48% Senator McCarthy 41
402:03 [Music] that is Robert
402:14 Ken all of us are involved in this great effort and it's a great effort not on
402:16 effort and it's a great effort not on behalf of the democratic party it's a
402:18 behalf of the democratic party it's a great effort on behalf of the United
402:20 great effort on behalf of the United States on behalf of our own people on
402:22 States on behalf of our own people on behalf of mankind all around the globe
402:24 behalf of mankind all around the globe and the Next
402:29 [Applause] Generation my thanks to all of you and
402:32 Generation my thanks to all of you and now it's on to Chicago going let wi
402:35 now it's on to Chicago going let wi [Applause]
402:39 [Applause] [Music]
402:44 [Music] there I was upstairs in the Ambassador
402:47 there I was upstairs in the Ambassador Hotel we were getting ready for a
402:48 Hotel we were getting ready for a victory party and somebody called I
402:50 victory party and somebody called I picked up the phone in the S and this
402:52 picked up the phone in the S and this colleague said something's happened to
402:54 colleague said something's happened to The
403:01 Senator Senator has senator has been shot is that
403:04 has senator has been shot is that possible is that
403:06 possible is that possible it was bedum I couldn't find
403:09 possible it was bedum I couldn't find Kennedy finally found him he was
403:12 Kennedy finally found him he was lying on the
403:24 floor somebody shot him in this corer behind the kitchens going to the
403:25 behind the kitchens going to the kitchens
403:27 kitchens here everybody please stay back please
403:29 here everybody please stay back please stay back we need a doctor here please
403:31 stay back we need a doctor here please it's very important we need a
403:34 it's very important we need a will you please clear this room if you
403:37 will you please clear this room if you do not leave the room we cannot get
403:39 do not leave the room we cannot get Medical Aid to the senator now would
403:41 Medical Aid to the senator now would [Music]
403:42 [Music] [Applause]
403:51 [Music] youe I can't say that people thought how
403:54 youe I can't say that people thought how could this happen because we'd seen it
403:55 could this happen because we'd seen it happen truth is that this had been in
403:58 happen truth is that this had been in the back of everybody's mind and one of
404:00 the back of everybody's mind and one of the reasons why you know some people
404:03 the reasons why you know some people said don't do this don't
404:04 said don't do this don't [Music]
404:16 run Robert Kennedy is in the most grave condition and hope is difficult to find
404:21 condition and hope is difficult to find [Music]
404:37 [Music] Senator Robert Francis
404:39 Senator Robert Francis Kennedy died at
404:42 Kennedy died at 1:44 a.m.
404:46 1:44 a.m. today June
404:48 today June 6
404:51 6 1968 he was uh 42 years old
405:06 [Music] as you all know the no words can really
405:09 as you all know the no words can really fully convey the feeling that one must
405:11 fully convey the feeling that one must have for the nation in the face of this
405:15 have for the nation in the face of this tragedy this new
405:20 tragedy people say well it was inevitable his brother was murdered and
405:21 inevitable his brother was murdered and so was he nothing's inevitable it just
405:28 happened this plane will take back the body of Robert Francis Kennedy to New
405:31 body of Robert Francis Kennedy to New York
405:33 York also on board this plan today will be
405:35 also on board this plan today will be Mrs John F
405:37 Mrs John F Kennedy also on board will be another
405:39 Kennedy also on board will be another Widow Mrs Martin Luther King Jr somehow
405:42 Widow Mrs Martin Luther King Jr somehow and in some
405:44 and in some way we seem to be sending a great many
405:47 way we seem to be sending a great many of our young leaders to their early
405:57 grades it's been a very emotional period for all of us who have worked for the
406:00 for all of us who have worked for the senator and personally the most horrify
406:03 senator and personally the most horrify in thing in these last few
406:05 in thing in these last few days was this morning when I tacked this
406:08 days was this morning when I tacked this black ribbon onto my campaign
406:10 black ribbon onto my campaign button because now I'm lost I'm
406:19 desperate and I don't know where we're going from
406:25 here when Senator Kennedy went down he was trying to speak for those Americans
406:27 was trying to speak for those Americans including the Young Who feel a need to
406:30 including the Young Who feel a need to change many aspects of American Life
406:33 change many aspects of American Life well that cause has not been still
406:35 well that cause has not been still forever because even without him the
406:37 forever because even without him the changes will be made because they have
406:39 changes will be made because they have to be but nobody knows when nor how nor
406:43 to be but nobody knows when nor how nor whether the changes will be made
406:45 whether the changes will be made peacefully or violently in the meantime
406:48 peacefully or violently in the meantime this country has lost another leader uh
406:50 this country has lost another leader uh as far as I'm concerned has lost the the
406:52 as far as I'm concerned has lost the the only leader that I feel gives us any
406:55 only leader that I feel gives us any hope for the future I mean what happens
406:57 hope for the future I mean what happens to the country I mean you be you wonder
406:59 to the country I mean you be you wonder if it's worth saving you know what what
407:01 if it's worth saving you know what what is it what's left of this country I know
407:04 is it what's left of this country I know my own feelings were and I think they
407:06 my own feelings were and I think they were widely
407:07 were widely shared we have to question
407:10 shared we have to question ourselves is our country coming
407:13 ourselves is our country coming apart uh what are we
407:15 apart uh what are we [Music]
407:35 becoming of War CR kide in Miami Beach at this first session of the Republican
407:37 at this first session of the Republican National
407:44 Convention Richard Nixon was the leader but he walked into to the Republican
407:47 but he walked into to the Republican convention not positive that he would be
407:49 convention not positive that he would be the candidate the new fashioned Nixon
407:51 the candidate the new fashioned Nixon runs an oldfashioned campaign and that's
407:54 runs an oldfashioned campaign and that's what the country seems to want there
407:56 what the country seems to want there were Challengers there was Nelson
407:58 were Challengers there was Nelson rockfeller in New York for starters and
408:02 rockfeller in New York for starters and George Romy of Michigan there was some
408:04 George Romy of Michigan there was some talk of
408:06 talk of Reagan but Nixon had a lock on the
408:10 Reagan but Nixon had a lock on the delegates we are a nation in
408:13 delegates we are a nation in crisis right now change rules America
408:18 crisis right now change rules America it's time for America to rule
408:22 it's time for America to rule [Applause]
408:24 [Applause] change it is my privilege to place in
408:29 change it is my privilege to place in nomination the man for 196
408:33 nomination the man for 196 68 The Honorable Richard M
408:44 Nixon there are 30 votes in Wisconsin and this should put him across
408:47 Wisconsin and this should put him across [Music]
409:10 it looks like Nixon nobody is really surprised and no committed uh Republican
409:13 surprised and no committed uh Republican feels
409:15 feels cheated what was the fuss all
409:18 cheated what was the fuss all [Music]
409:20 [Music] about the Republicans understand that
409:23 about the Republicans understand that Nixon in this time of
409:25 Nixon in this time of tumultuousness he gives people the sense
409:28 tumultuousness he gives people the sense of continuity what is most important now
409:31 of continuity what is most important now is for us to think how we can get this
409:34 is for us to think how we can get this war ended Mr Nixon talks of an honorable
409:37 war ended Mr Nixon talks of an honorable pece but says nothing about how he would
409:40 pece but says nothing about how he would attain
409:42 attain it at this point the war is continuing
409:45 it at this point the war is continuing at as hot a pace as it's ever been more
409:48 at as hot a pace as it's ever been more troops are being killed every week than
409:51 troops are being killed every week than at any time in the course of the war
409:53 at any time in the course of the war this weekend the enemy stepped up
409:54 this weekend the enemy stepped up attacks throughout South Vietnam we knew
409:57 attacks throughout South Vietnam we knew that we would not be able to influence
409:59 that we would not be able to influence the Republicans on Vietnam so we wanted
410:01 the Republicans on Vietnam so we wanted to put Mass of pressure on the Democrats
410:05 to put Mass of pressure on the Democrats I didn't think anything could happen
410:08 I didn't think anything could happen with
410:08 with Vietnam without that
410:11 Vietnam without that [Applause]
410:13 [Applause] challenge this is a CBS News campaign 68
410:17 challenge this is a CBS News campaign 68 convention special what's going to
410:19 convention special what's going to happen in Chicago on this eve of the
410:22 happen in Chicago on this eve of the beginning of the 35th Democratic
410:23 beginning of the 35th Democratic National Convention Chicago is nearly
410:25 National Convention Chicago is nearly security tight perhaps the heaviest
410:28 security tight perhaps the heaviest security ever provided for a political
410:29 security ever provided for a political gathering in the Free
410:31 gathering in the Free World the police several thousand of
410:34 World the police several thousand of them are now deployed soldiers have
410:36 them are now deployed soldiers have arrived in Chicago and are standing by
410:39 arrived in Chicago and are standing by for the convention the plan was to have
410:41 for the convention the plan was to have a mass anti-war demonstration and a mass
410:44 a mass anti-war demonstration and a mass counterculture Festival we gathered in
410:47 counterculture Festival we gathered in the Parks we're going to March because
410:50 the Parks we're going to March because we have a right to because that's what
410:51 we have a right to because that's what we came here to Chicago to do and no
410:53 we came here to Chicago to do and no one's going to stop us thank
410:56 one's going to stop us thank you there were many factions they were
410:59 you there were many factions they were united only by a feeling that this is
411:03 united only by a feeling that this is Our Moment this is Carnegie
411:12 Hall we are uh concerned about the buildup of the force because we think
411:14 buildup of the force because we think that uh anything that's built up like
411:16 that uh anything that's built up like this is liable to be used a democratic
411:19 this is liable to be used a democratic convention is about to begin in a police
411:23 convention is about to begin in a police state there just doesn't seem to be any
411:25 state there just doesn't seem to be any other way to say
411:34 it the people of Chicago and its mer are proud to welcome a great political
411:37 proud to welcome a great political Gathering of
411:39 Gathering of Americans who come here to shape the
411:43 Americans who come here to shape the future of a nation and as long as I'm
411:46 future of a nation and as long as I'm mayor of this town there be Law and
411:48 mayor of this town there be Law and Order in
411:49 Order in [Music]
411:50 [Music] Chicago the two men who most still
411:53 Chicago the two men who most still believe this is all about arrived in
411:54 believe this is all about arrived in Chicago today to begin their final drive
411:56 Chicago today to begin their final drive for delegate votes most of us were
411:59 for delegate votes most of us were saying it just wasn't politically
412:01 saying it just wasn't politically possible for McCarthy to overcome those
412:04 possible for McCarthy to overcome those who were pledged to Humphrey so there
412:07 who were pledged to Humphrey so there clearly needed to be another Force
412:10 clearly needed to be another Force arriving now Senator George McGovern of
412:12 arriving now Senator George McGovern of South Dakota McGovern got into the race
412:15 South Dakota McGovern got into the race because there was a big hole in the
412:16 because there was a big hole in the anti-war side and you know Bobby Kennedy
412:19 anti-war side and you know Bobby Kennedy had a lot of delegates McCarthy said he
412:22 had a lot of delegates McCarthy said he didn't believe mcgoverin had enough
412:23 didn't believe mcgoverin had enough strength to make any difference and so
412:25 strength to make any difference and so McCarthy said he'll continue the fight
412:28 McCarthy said he'll continue the fight for the nomination although it was
412:29 for the nomination although it was clearly implied that his chances are are
412:32 clearly implied that his chances are are very
412:33 very [Music]
412:34 [Music] slim mayor da set up all the conditions
412:38 slim mayor da set up all the conditions for conflict in Chicago he didn't give
412:41 for conflict in Chicago he didn't give them permits to March but he knew that
412:44 them permits to March but he knew that they were coming
412:49 anyway over 10,000 demonstrators were gathered in Chicago's Grant Park the
412:52 gathered in Chicago's Grant Park the demonstrators are determined to march on
412:53 demonstrators are determined to march on convention hall tonight and protest
412:56 convention hall tonight and protest police are at the park in place you can
412:58 police are at the park in place you can count on it that the police and the
413:01 count on it that the police and the authorities will always unify
413:03 authorities will always unify what you can't unify by
413:12 yourself tumultuousness the violence that was happening outside the hall
413:13 that was happening outside the hall became reflected inside the hall there
413:16 became reflected inside the hall there seems to be some kind of uh battle going
413:19 seems to be some kind of uh battle going on over there directly under our booth
413:21 on over there directly under our booth here they're carrying a man out I got
413:23 here they're carrying a man out I got into a melee in the convention hall
413:25 into a melee in the convention hall myself don't push me take your hands off
413:27 myself don't push me take your hands off of me unless you're in plan to arrest me
413:29 of me unless you're in plan to arrest me wait a minute wait a minute a minute
413:33 wait a minute wait a minute a minute water as you can see I don't know what's
413:35 water as you can see I don't know what's going on I think we've got a bunch of
413:37 going on I think we've got a bunch of thugs here Dan well mind you w I'm all
413:40 thugs here Dan well mind you w I'm all right I it's uh it's all in days wor it
413:44 right I it's uh it's all in days wor it reflected for all the world to see the
413:46 reflected for all the world to see the repression inside the hall and what was
413:49 repression inside the hall and what was supposed to be a Democratic Society of
413:51 supposed to be a Democratic Society of Free People nominating someone to be
413:54 Free People nominating someone to be president
413:56 president [Music]
414:02 [Music] [Applause]
414:05 [Applause] downtown downtown Chicago across from
414:08 downtown downtown Chicago across from Grant Park beside the Hilton Hotel there
414:11 Grant Park beside the Hilton Hotel there has been in progress for some time a
414:14 has been in progress for some time a peace demonstration the police have come
414:16 peace demonstration the police have come to put it down the National Guard has
414:19 to put it down the National Guard has been called to help you create disorder
414:23 been called to help you create disorder if you try to impose too much order with
414:26 if you try to impose too much order with Force so that's what
414:28 Force so that's what happened they were suppressing our
414:31 happened they were suppressing our Democratic rights in order to continue
414:33 Democratic rights in order to continue an undemocratic
414:35 an undemocratic [Music]
414:46 [Music] War people
414:48 War people screaming being dragged to the Patty
414:52 screaming being dragged to the Patty wagons a scene of wild disorder on this
414:55 wagons a scene of wild disorder on this the night of the presidential
414:57 the night of the presidential nominations at this Democratic
414:59 nominations at this Democratic Convention it was a police Riot I had
415:02 Convention it was a police Riot I had never seen that before in my life I had
415:04 never seen that before in my life I had never seen groups of uniformed policemen
415:07 never seen groups of uniformed policemen going after civilians there were pools
415:10 going after civilians there were pools of blood on Michigan
415:17 Avenue the whole world is watching chance to Crow on
415:23 the with George McGovern is president of the United States we wouldn't have to
415:26 the United States we wouldn't have to have gapo tactics in the streets of
415:29 have gapo tactics in the streets of Chicago
415:30 Chicago [Applause]
415:38 did you see what was happening downtown uh yes I saw with this television set
415:40 uh yes I saw with this television set you think this is going to cost the
415:41 you think this is going to cost the Democrats the election this what's
415:43 Democrats the election this what's happening here in Chicago this even I
415:44 happening here in Chicago this even I don't think there's any question I think
415:46 don't think there's any question I think not only the party but the country is
415:47 not only the party but the country is split in half and I think they'll Veer
415:49 split in half and I think they'll Veer away from this disension thank you very
415:51 away from this disension thank you very much Shirley mlan and Roosevelt GRE
415:53 much Shirley mlan and Roosevelt GRE watching the television set in the back
415:54 watching the television set in the back of the hall about what's going on
415:56 of the hall about what's going on downtown it is my high honor to present
416:00 downtown it is my high honor to present the new leader of our party
416:02 the new leader of our party the next president of the United States
416:05 the next president of the United States The Honorable
416:07 The Honorable [Applause]
416:10 [Applause] [Music]
416:13 [Music] [Applause]
416:15 [Applause] human I proudly accept the nomination of
416:18 human I proudly accept the nomination of our
416:21 our party we got eubert
416:23 party we got eubert Humphrey as the candidate Humphrey was
416:26 Humphrey as the candidate Humphrey was an example of what we were fighting he
416:28 an example of what we were fighting he was a liberal who was going to
416:31 was a liberal who was going to betray our hopes I see an HHH on your
416:35 betray our hopes I see an HHH on your lapel that mean you're for Humphrey all
416:37 lapel that mean you're for Humphrey all the way well uh I wouldn't say all the
416:41 the way well uh I wouldn't say all the way uh I'm a Democrat and he's a
416:45 way uh I'm a Democrat and he's a nominee now it's true what George
416:48 nominee now it's true what George Wallace said if the first job at hand is
416:51 Wallace said if the first job at hand is to end this war there isn't a dime of
416:53 to end this war there isn't a dime of difference there between Humphrey and
416:55 difference there between Humphrey and Nixon Vice President Humphrey Remains by
416:58 Nixon Vice President Humphrey Remains by any basis of measurement available a
417:00 any basis of measurement available a complete underdog
417:02 complete underdog my feeling is that if he could cut
417:04 my feeling is that if he could cut himself off from the president be his
417:06 himself off from the president be his own man that he has a chance of winning
417:09 own man that he has a chance of winning this election and would make it very
417:10 this election and would make it very easy for all of us to support him
417:13 easy for all of us to support him Humphrey desperately needed to separate
417:15 Humphrey desperately needed to separate himself from the administration and he
417:17 himself from the administration and he did I think the greatest task of
417:19 did I think the greatest task of statesmanship is to find a way to
417:21 statesmanship is to find a way to conclude and bring that war in Southeast
417:24 conclude and bring that war in Southeast Asia to an end and to do it the public
417:27 Asia to an end and to do it the public was so happy that there was some
417:29 was so happy that there was some movement towards peace in Vietnam
417:31 movement towards peace in Vietnam Humphrey was back in the game and it was
417:33 Humphrey was back in the game and it was neck and neck from NBC News election
417:36 neck and neck from NBC News election Central Nixon's the one that's the
417:39 Central Nixon's the one that's the natural Banner for any spritely front
417:42 natural Banner for any spritely front page tonight 94% of the popular vote is
417:45 page tonight 94% of the popular vote is counted there are the numbers it was one
417:49 counted there are the numbers it was one of the closest elections in American
417:50 of the closest elections in American history closer even than when Nixon lost
417:53 history closer even than when Nixon lost to Kennedy 8 years
417:54 to Kennedy 8 years [Applause]
417:55 [Applause] [Music]
417:58 [Music] ago I have done my best
418:02 ago I have done my best I have lost Mr Nixon has
418:06 I have lost Mr Nixon has won the Democratic process has worked
418:09 won the Democratic process has worked its will George Wallace carried five
418:11 its will George Wallace carried five states Alabama Arkansas Georgia
418:15 states Alabama Arkansas Georgia Louisiana and Mississippi in our
418:17 Louisiana and Mississippi in our judgment the people who supported us uh
418:20 judgment the people who supported us uh had an impact on
418:22 had an impact on orienting uh the two parties in a
418:25 orienting uh the two parties in a different direction and I do wish for Mr
418:27 different direction and I do wish for Mr Nixon the most success of any president
418:31 Nixon the most success of any president in the history of our country
418:33 in the history of our country having lost a close one 8 years ago and
418:35 having lost a close one 8 years ago and having won a close one this year I can
418:37 having won a close one this year I can say this winning is a lot more
418:44 [Music] fun with Nixon's election even though
418:48 fun with Nixon's election even though many people felt a sense of
418:50 many people felt a sense of disappointment there was a sense that
418:53 disappointment there was a sense that there may be some normality on the
418:56 there may be some normality on the horizon people were exhausted so there
419:00 horizon people were exhausted so there was in part A sense of relief maybe
419:03 was in part A sense of relief maybe thank God it's
419:11 over I plan to spend Christmas in the States but I can't stand
419:22 violence 1968 certainly has been one of the unhappiest years in American history
419:25 the unhappiest years in American history in the end it always comes down to what
419:27 in the end it always comes down to what the people do and this year the people
419:30 the people do and this year the people like the events of 19 68 are largely
419:35 like the events of 19 68 are largely unpredictable our country was put to
419:37 unpredictable our country was put to some enormous tests in
419:40 some enormous tests in 1968 there was a Bend but there wasn't a
419:44 1968 there was a Bend but there wasn't a [Music]
419:46 [Music] break the issues that were thrown open
419:49 break the issues that were thrown open in 1968 who has Authority who deserves
419:52 in 1968 who has Authority who deserves Authority what the limits of Power are
419:55 Authority what the limits of Power are those are profound questions that
419:57 those are profound questions that continue to matter this will be an open
420:00 continue to matter this will be an open Administration open to new
420:02 Administration open to new ideas open to men and women of both
420:05 ideas open to men and women of both parties open to the critics as well as
420:07 parties open to the critics as well as those who support us and I am confident
420:10 those who support us and I am confident that this task is one that we can
420:14 that this task is one that we can Undertake and one in which we will be
420:17 Undertake and one in which we will be successful next Thursday on the 60s Jack
420:20 successful next Thursday on the 60s Jack what is your definition of a husband a
420:22 what is your definition of a husband a husband is the guy who's in charge and
420:24 husband is the guy who's in charge and should be all of the
420:26 should be all of the time what we are talking about is a
420:29 time what we are talking about is a revolution and not a reform rules that
420:32 revolution and not a reform rules that had existed for a thousand years just
420:36 had existed for a thousand years just overnight they were gone it's amazing we
420:38 overnight they were gone it's amazing we waited till the 60s to break the walls
420:40 waited till the 60s to break the walls down but it was
420:41 down but it was [Music]
420:42 [Music] time the 60s next Thursday night at 9:
420:45 time the 60s next Thursday night at 9: on
421:02 CNN we must open opportunity to all our people we feel that women will work just
421:04 people we feel that women will work just as good as men and better when the
421:06 as good as men and better when the husband is the guy who's in charge and
421:07 husband is the guy who's in charge and should be all of the time the latest
421:10 should be all of the time the latest threat to the status quo is the women's
421:12 threat to the status quo is the women's Revolt it is a pleading for social
421:15 Revolt it is a pleading for social change even the fear of imprisonment
421:17 change even the fear of imprisonment forces most homosexuals to camouflage
421:19 forces most homosexuals to camouflage their
421:20 their identities let's grow up
421:22 identities let's grow up conservatives public did not have the
421:25 conservatives public did not have the whole picture what we are talking about
421:27 whole picture what we are talking about is a
421:28 is a revolution and not a reform
422:25 we agree that the 60s saw explosive social change but the question is why in
422:29 social change but the question is why in the 60s Eric they per periods in history
422:32 the 60s Eric they per periods in history so far as I can see it when human
422:34 so far as I can see it when human energies both constructed and destru
422:36 energies both constructed and destru just seem to come to a
422:37 just seem to come to a [Music]
422:41 [Music] boil you are living in a time of
422:44 boil you are living in a time of incredible economic growth in theory
422:47 incredible economic growth in theory things had never ever ever been better
422:50 things had never ever ever been better it was just a really American Norman
422:52 it was just a really American Norman Rockwell Vision but the trouble is there
422:55 Rockwell Vision but the trouble is there are all kinds of
423:02 tensions the Civil Rights movement is the seminal event of the 1960s that
423:05 the seminal event of the 1960s that ignites so many other changes in
423:08 ignites so many other changes in society the day has come when racism
423:13 society the day has come when racism must be banished the Civil Rights
423:16 must be banished the Civil Rights Movement was incredibly inspiring but at
423:19 Movement was incredibly inspiring but at the same time the women in it were not
423:22 the same time the women in it were not recognized as leaders in the same way
423:25 recognized as leaders in the same way that the men were it said to us if these
423:28 that the men were it said to us if these movements we love still are not equal
423:31 movements we love still are not equal then there has to be an autonomous
423:33 then there has to be an autonomous women's
423:35 women's movement Mr President the Democratic
423:38 movement Mr President the Democratic platform promises to work for equal
423:40 platform promises to work for equal rights for women including equal pay
423:43 rights for women including equal pay what have you done for the women well
423:46 what have you done for the women well I'm sure we haven't done enough and
423:56 uh in 1961 President Kennedy creates the commission on the status of women that
423:59 commission on the status of women that commission produced a report in 1963
424:02 commission produced a report in 1963 that revealed things like the fact that
424:04 that revealed things like the fact that women earned 59 cents for every dollar
424:06 women earned 59 cents for every dollar that men earned that women were kept out
424:08 that men earned that women were kept out of the most lucrative professional
424:11 of the most lucrative professional positions women couldn't open a bank
424:13 positions women couldn't open a bank account in their own name they couldn't
424:15 account in their own name they couldn't get credit they certainly couldn't open
424:17 get credit they certainly couldn't open their own business women couldn't serve
424:19 their own business women couldn't serve on juries in some states there was one
424:22 on juries in some states there was one kind of disadvantage after another that
424:24 kind of disadvantage after another that was revealed Al together in this one
424:27 was revealed Al together in this one report perhaps You' be willing to tell
424:29 report perhaps You' be willing to tell the people what you feel is the real
424:31 the people what you feel is the real need for it we want to be sure that
424:33 need for it we want to be sure that women are used as effectively as they
424:35 women are used as effectively as they can to provide a better life for our our
424:37 can to provide a better life for our our people in addition to meeting their
424:39 people in addition to meeting their primary responsibility which is in the
424:41 primary responsibility which is in the home women's position as it had
424:44 home women's position as it had traditionally been was that they were
424:48 traditionally been was that they were husband's help meets Jack what is your
424:50 husband's help meets Jack what is your definition of a husband I think it's
424:53 definition of a husband I think it's like driving the horse and he's got to
424:55 like driving the horse and he's got to hold the
424:56 hold the rains and there just a couple of rigns
424:58 rains and there just a couple of rigns and if there were two people holding
424:59 and if there were two people holding these rains this horse is going to go
425:00 these rains this horse is going to go skitter scatter every way you know the
425:02 skitter scatter every way you know the husband is the guy who was in charge and
425:04 husband is the guy who was in charge and should be all of the time well by the
425:07 should be all of the time well by the 1960s women's position was changing
425:11 1960s women's position was changing there was a big change going on in the
425:12 there was a big change going on in the country people were talking about this
425:14 country people were talking about this book called The Feminine Mystique a
425:16 book called The Feminine Mystique a woman today uh has been made to feel
425:20 woman today uh has been made to feel freakish and alone and guilty if simply
425:23 freakish and alone and guilty if simply she wants to be more than her husband's
425:27 she wants to be more than her husband's wife Betty fan wrote very much out of
425:29 wife Betty fan wrote very much out of her own personal experience
425:32 her own personal experience The Feminine Mystique said that women
425:34 The Feminine Mystique said that women were suffering from the problem that has
425:36 were suffering from the problem that has no name a vague sense of dissatisfaction
425:40 no name a vague sense of dissatisfaction with the lack of meaning the lack of
425:42 with the lack of meaning the lack of opportunity in their
425:43 opportunity in their lives so many women read The Feminine
425:47 lives so many women read The Feminine Mystique and said that's it that's why
425:50 Mystique and said that's it that's why I'm so angry it was a huge huge deal at
425:53 I'm so angry it was a huge huge deal at the time the middle class woman up and
425:56 the time the middle class woman up and down America is just so wretchedly
425:59 down America is just so wretchedly unhappy that she's sick you can call buy
426:02 unhappy that she's sick you can call buy anything you like but it is wretchedly
426:04 anything you like but it is wretchedly boring to be with little tiny children
426:06 boring to be with little tiny children one end of the day the other especially
426:08 one end of the day the other especially if you think that you should love it all
426:11 if you think that you should love it all the
426:13 the time women were being educated for one
426:16 time women were being educated for one way of life which was one in which they
426:18 way of life which was one in which they had brains and then they were supposed
426:21 had brains and then they were supposed to have wombs and arms to run vacuum
426:24 to have wombs and arms to run vacuum cleaners and that that was a mismatch
426:27 cleaners and that that was a mismatch Betty fan called for blowing up the
426:29 Betty fan called for blowing up the rules you cannot be equality you have to
426:33 rules you cannot be equality you have to assume it and it had a hugely profound
426:36 assume it and it had a hugely profound impact young women started to see other
426:39 impact young women started to see other women saying that women had not gotten
426:41 women saying that women had not gotten enough out of life and the point was you
426:43 enough out of life and the point was you don't have to be this choose what you
426:46 don't have to be this choose what you want but you don't have to be this one
426:49 want but you don't have to be this one thing here she is Mrs Helen Gurley
426:52 thing here she is Mrs Helen Gurley Brown Helen Gurley Brown had lived
426:56 Brown Helen Gurley Brown had lived without being married very happily you
426:58 without being married very happily you know dating men having sex supporting
427:01 know dating men having sex supporting her herself and she wrote a book sex in
427:04 her herself and she wrote a book sex in the single girl which was about her life
427:07 the single girl which was about her life and it became a huge hit isn't this
427:10 and it became a huge hit isn't this whole subject of uh sex being uh
427:14 whole subject of uh sex being uh discussed and written and talked about
427:16 discussed and written and talked about too much I could expect a a reactionary
427:20 too much I could expect a a reactionary opinion like that from you I don't think
427:22 opinion like that from you I don't think so at all she openly talked about sex
427:26 so at all she openly talked about sex and said you won't get struck by a
427:29 and said you won't get struck by a lightning bolt you know if you have sex
427:31 lightning bolt you know if you have sex before you're married for average
427:33 before you're married for average run-of-the-mill women it was a bigger
427:35 run-of-the-mill women it was a bigger deal than the Feminine Mystique now that
427:37 deal than the Feminine Mystique now that it's all right to discuss sex people are
427:40 it's all right to discuss sex people are now talking about it a great deal and I
427:42 now talking about it a great deal and I don't think that's uh so bad yes Arthur
427:45 don't think that's uh so bad yes Arthur I think that talking about sex Wast such
427:48 I think that talking about sex Wast such a lot of
427:49 a lot of [Music]
427:51 [Music] time Helen Gurley Brown pointed out that
427:54 time Helen Gurley Brown pointed out that the guys had one standard the women hit
427:56 the guys had one standard the women hit another and that was a revelation rules
427:59 another and that was a revelation rules that had existed for a thousand years
428:02 that had existed for a thousand years just overnight they were gone in a
428:05 just overnight they were gone in a recent survey 44% of the high school and
428:09 recent survey 44% of the high school and college girls question said they approve
428:12 college girls question said they approve of sexual intercourse before marriage if
428:14 of sexual intercourse before marriage if they're serious about the young man do
428:17 they're serious about the young man do either of you approve for yourselves of
428:21 either of you approve for yourselves of intercourse before marriage yes I
428:25 intercourse before marriage yes I do yes I would say sexual Revolution or
428:30 do yes I would say sexual Revolution or sexual Renaissance
428:32 sexual Renaissance the experts are still trying to Define
428:48 it CBS reports birth control and the law this is a very personal program
428:51 this is a very personal program sometimes the most private matters are
428:52 sometimes the most private matters are also public matters it is about babies
428:55 also public matters it is about babies that bless a home and babies that can
428:57 that bless a home and babies that can haunt a home reproductive Freedom means
429:01 haunt a home reproductive Freedom means that it's a basic human right to decide
429:04 that it's a basic human right to decide whether and when to have children but
429:06 whether and when to have children but reproductive Freedom had not been
429:09 reproductive Freedom had not been enunciated in that way the basic
429:12 enunciated in that way the basic disagreement stems from the differences
429:13 disagreement stems from the differences in the moral attitudes towards birth
429:16 in the moral attitudes towards birth control in
429:18 control in 1957 the pill was approved by the FDA
429:21 1957 the pill was approved by the FDA for severe menstrual distress what
429:24 for severe menstrual distress what became funny is then everyone seemed to
429:27 became funny is then everyone seemed to be suffering from severe menstrual
429:30 be suffering from severe menstrual distress wasn't until 1960 the pill was
429:33 distress wasn't until 1960 the pill was actually approved by the FDA for birth
429:35 actually approved by the FDA for birth control the pill was originally very
429:38 control the pill was originally very hard to get it wasn't like you just went
429:40 hard to get it wasn't like you just went down to the pharmacy and picked it up
429:42 down to the pharmacy and picked it up that took quite a while this woman asked
429:44 that took quite a while this woman asked the doctor for birth control information
429:47 the doctor for birth control information he said best thing for me to do would
429:49 he said best thing for me to do would not be close to my husband and if I
429:51 not be close to my husband and if I didn't want to get that way it was up to
429:53 didn't want to get that way it was up to me well I'm 100% against birth control
429:57 me well I'm 100% against birth control because it's immoral it's the same as
429:59 because it's immoral it's the same as prostitution or abortion
430:02 prostitution or abortion there's always been push back against
430:03 there's always been push back against birth control even when the FDA approved
430:06 birth control even when the FDA approved the pill it was still illegal for many
430:09 the pill it was still illegal for many women across the country so stelle
430:11 women across the country so stelle Griswald who was a president of planned
430:13 Griswald who was a president of planned panid in Connecticut uh decided that she
430:15 panid in Connecticut uh decided that she was going to challenge this and she
430:17 was going to challenge this and she began handing out birth control knowing
430:20 began handing out birth control knowing full well that she would probably be
430:21 full well that she would probably be arrested which she was on the uh 24th of
430:26 arrested which she was on the uh 24th of November we issued two warrants one
430:29 November we issued two warrants one against Estelle griswell the other
430:31 against Estelle griswell the other against Dr C Lee buckon in violation of
430:35 against Dr C Lee buckon in violation of the contraceptive statute the grisell
430:37 the contraceptive statute the grisell versus Connecticut case changed
430:39 versus Connecticut case changed everything I think it's very evident
430:42 everything I think it's very evident that the law is unenforceable I think if
430:44 that the law is unenforceable I think if you had a policeman under every bed in
430:46 you had a policeman under every bed in the state of Connecticut they still
430:48 the state of Connecticut they still could not prove anything we are
430:50 could not prove anything we are continuing maybe illegally but we are
430:53 continuing maybe illegally but we are continuing our
430:55 continuing our program the case went to the Supreme
430:58 program the case went to the Supreme Court and made birth control legal
431:00 Court and made birth control legal finally for married couples only and it
431:02 finally for married couples only and it was several years later that in fact
431:04 was several years later that in fact birth control became legal for all women
431:06 birth control became legal for all women it was very very important because it
431:10 it was very very important because it both decriminalized contraception and
431:12 both decriminalized contraception and established the right to privacy how
431:15 established the right to privacy how many states repealed their law against
431:17 many states repealed their law against birth control just in this past year 10
431:20 birth control just in this past year 10 states changed or repealed their laws
431:23 states changed or repealed their laws against birth control but if I can add
431:26 against birth control but if I can add the end of 1964 to that it makes it 13
431:29 the end of 1964 to that it makes it 13 so that's kind of a national move
431:33 so that's kind of a national move movement nearly 7 million American women
431:36 movement nearly 7 million American women are now taking oral contraceptives and
431:38 are now taking oral contraceptives and they are said to be almost 100%
431:45 effective the birth control pill meant suddenly women could finish their
431:46 suddenly women could finish their education they could go in the workforce
431:48 education they could go in the workforce and that is what radically changed I
431:51 and that is what radically changed I think life for women in America was that
431:53 think life for women in America was that ability to to not only plan their
431:55 ability to to not only plan their families but to plan their
432:02 lives what happened when you went inside well when I went inside they said no
432:03 well when I went inside they said no women's what do you feel about this
432:05 women's what do you feel about this follow this idea that they won't hire
432:07 follow this idea that they won't hire women we feel that it's unfair because
432:09 women we feel that it's unfair because we feel that women will work just as
432:11 we feel that women will work just as good as men and better we're not hiring
432:13 good as men and better we're not hiring women at this particular time for the
432:15 women at this particular time for the very simple reason the jobs we have
432:18 very simple reason the jobs we have available are jobs that only men are
432:20 available are jobs that only men are able to do when the 1964 Civil Rights
432:24 able to do when the 1964 Civil Rights Act was going through Congress an
432:26 Act was going through Congress an amendment was inserted to make it
432:29 amendment was inserted to make it illegal to discriminate on the basis of
432:31 illegal to discriminate on the basis of gender as well as race no one took it
432:35 gender as well as race no one took it seriously the National Organization of
432:37 seriously the National Organization of Women is founded to press forward on
432:40 Women is founded to press forward on that one issue what's the objective of
432:43 that one issue what's the objective of the new organization now full equality
432:46 the new organization now full equality for women in truly equal partnership
432:48 for women in truly equal partnership with men one of now's campaign is to
432:51 with men one of now's campaign is to make the Civil Rights Act of 1964 really
432:54 make the Civil Rights Act of 1964 really be
432:55 be enforced suddenly the IV League colleges
432:58 enforced suddenly the IV League colleges began to open their doors to women for
433:00 began to open their doors to women for the first time time the quotas against
433:03 the first time time the quotas against women in the accounting field and the
433:06 women in the accounting field and the legal field and the medical field began
433:08 legal field and the medical field began to drop away Betty fan wanted results
433:11 to drop away Betty fan wanted results she wanted something to happen and it
433:13 she wanted something to happen and it started
433:15 started [Music]
433:17 [Music] happening basic training for
433:19 happening basic training for stewardesses is meant to turn a girl
433:21 stewardesses is meant to turn a girl into a woman the airline gives her
433:24 into a woman the airline gives her beauty tips a sense of
433:26 beauty tips a sense of responsibility stewardesses must be
433:28 responsibility stewardesses must be Slinky sex symbols Pilots can be hely
433:31 Slinky sex symbols Pilots can be hely and
433:33 and boled they hit hearings on the airline
433:36 boled they hit hearings on the airline industry and the stewardess situation
433:39 industry and the stewardess situation because of course stewardesses were
433:41 because of course stewardesses were fired if they got married and they had
433:42 fired if they got married and they had to have a certain weight and height and
433:44 to have a certain weight and height and their hands had to be soft and all this
433:46 their hands had to be soft and all this other stuff we have an issue here the
433:49 other stuff we have an issue here the 32-year age retirement because behind
433:52 32-year age retirement because behind that age retirement lies the future of
433:55 that age retirement lies the future of the whole profession the airline
433:58 the whole profession the airline executives are saying that their clients
434:00 executives are saying that their clients are not going to get on board the plane
434:02 are not going to get on board the plane unless there is a beautiful young
434:04 unless there is a beautiful young unmarried woman greeting them at the
434:06 unmarried woman greeting them at the stairs Miss Bolan what are you girls
434:08 stairs Miss Bolan what are you girls asking the Congress to do for you we're
434:10 asking the Congress to do for you we're asking them to give us an equal chance
434:13 asking them to give us an equal chance to continue in the job that we have
434:15 to continue in the job that we have chosen as a profession there is no
434:18 chosen as a profession there is no bonafied reason for terminating girls
434:20 bonafied reason for terminating girls because they reach 32 or 35 years of age
434:24 because they reach 32 or 35 years of age don't you girls know that that's going
434:25 don't you girls know that that's going to happen when you take the
434:27 to happen when you take the [Music]
434:28 [Music] job we know that the companies have
434:30 job we know that the companies have applied this policy we're hoping and are
434:34 applied this policy we're hoping and are asking to find a way to change this
434:37 asking to find a way to change this policy Congress began enforcing the
434:39 policy Congress began enforcing the title 7 job discrimination laws things
434:43 title 7 job discrimination laws things did begin to happen the barriers start
434:45 did begin to happen the barriers start coming down and it was it was real
434:47 coming down and it was it was real [Music]
434:57 results hi my name is Hugh Hefner and I'm editor
435:00 hi my name is Hugh Hefner and I'm editor publisher of Playboy magazine in 8 years
435:03 publisher of Playboy magazine in 8 years I've built an Empire worth 20
435:06 I've built an Empire worth 20 million Gloria steum was a reporter and
435:09 million Gloria steum was a reporter and a very pretty one so she went undercover
435:11 a very pretty one so she went undercover as a bunny at the Playboy
435:14 as a bunny at the Playboy club I remember the young woman who took
435:18 club I remember the young woman who took my false bio I had said that I was a
435:21 my false bio I had said that I was a secretary and thought being a bunny
435:23 secretary and thought being a bunny would be more exciting and she's leaned
435:25 would be more exciting and she's leaned forward and whispered to me she said
435:27 forward and whispered to me she said honey if you can type you don't want to
435:29 honey if you can type you don't want to work here bunnies are forbidden to wear
435:32 work here bunnies are forbidden to wear jewelry pale lipstick or gold or green
435:34 jewelry pale lipstick or gold or green nail varnish provocative Cotton Tail
435:37 nail varnish provocative Cotton Tail must be clean and spritely glorious
435:39 must be clean and spritely glorious exposed how the Playboy bunnies were
435:41 exposed how the Playboy bunnies were treated what they were paid and how they
435:43 treated what they were paid and how they were running around in a club with their
435:45 were running around in a club with their breasts exposed and a a tail on their
435:48 breasts exposed and a a tail on their butt and with men sort of snapping the
435:50 butt and with men sort of snapping the napkin at them as they walk by and so
435:53 napkin at them as they walk by and so through her reporting she was showing
435:55 through her reporting she was showing sexism in all its different flavors the
435:59 sexism in all its different flavors the assignment it was not a great experience
436:02 assignment it was not a great experience but in retrospect I'm glad I did it
436:04 but in retrospect I'm glad I did it because I got a notice from Hugh Hefner
436:08 because I got a notice from Hugh Hefner and they did change the working
436:09 and they did change the working conditions of those women for the
436:13 conditions of those women for the better Gloria steum challenged every
436:17 better Gloria steum challenged every stereotype of a feminist she was this
436:21 stereotype of a feminist she was this fabulous looking incredibly smart direct
436:25 fabulous looking incredibly smart direct speaking woman forgive me but I always
436:29 speaking woman forgive me but I always thought that you had to be stacked
436:32 thought that you had to be stacked absolutely stacked to be a bunny girl
436:33 absolutely stacked to be a bunny girl how did you get the job well you don't
436:36 how did you get the job well you don't have to be stacked to be a bunny in fact
436:38 have to be stacked to be a bunny in fact uh all of that is usually stuffed with
436:41 uh all of that is usually stuffed with gy socks or something it's where the
436:43 gy socks or something it's where the girls keep their tips it's where it's
436:45 girls keep their tips it's where it's just uh sort of traveling cash
436:48 just uh sort of traveling cash depository that's all glorious stum
436:51 depository that's all glorious stum could disarm even her harshest critics
436:54 could disarm even her harshest critics with humor and humility but she was
436:56 with humor and humility but she was willing to challenge patriarchy at every
436:59 willing to challenge patriarchy at every step of the way Gloria steum became a
437:03 step of the way Gloria steum became a brilliant spokesperson for the women's
437:06 brilliant spokesperson for the women's Liberation movement we've been much too
437:08 Liberation movement we've been much too law-abiding and too docile for too long
437:10 law-abiding and too docile for too long but I think that period is about over
437:13 but I think that period is about over the latest threat to the status quo in
437:15 the latest threat to the status quo in America is the women's
437:17 America is the women's Revolt this is the symbol for the female
437:21 Revolt this is the symbol for the female the women's Liberation movement has
437:22 the women's Liberation movement has added the equal signs as a lot of women
437:25 added the equal signs as a lot of women know including this one equality is
437:28 know including this one equality is often missing you have this sort of
437:31 often missing you have this sort of bubbling up of a desire for real
437:35 bubbling up of a desire for real equality and then you get women
437:37 equality and then you get women beginning to gel from community- based
437:41 beginning to gel from community- based activism to real solid organizing the
437:44 activism to real solid organizing the women's Liberation movement was a
437:47 women's Liberation movement was a parallel movement to Betty freed Dan the
437:50 parallel movement to Betty freed Dan the National Organization for Women so
437:52 National Organization for Women so almost as soon as now has formed in 1966
437:56 almost as soon as now has formed in 1966 women's Liberation groups are emerging
437:58 women's Liberation groups are emerging around the country this younger
438:00 around the country this younger generation moves in and very much
438:02 generation moves in and very much broadens the perspective of the women's
438:05 broadens the perspective of the women's movement all of these things build on
438:07 movement all of these things build on one another and this younger group not
438:09 one another and this younger group not only believed that you needed economic
438:11 only believed that you needed economic power but that you needed a revolution
438:13 power but that you needed a revolution in the relationship between the
438:21 Sexes there was a Revolution going on outside but on television there wasn't a
438:23 outside but on television there wasn't a real live girl and that's what I wanted
438:26 real live girl and that's what I wanted to do
438:35 that girl now that is an incredibly subversive television show absolutely
438:45 amazing Daddy was just giving me a lecture on sex education why would you
438:48 lecture on sex education why would you need a lecture on
438:50 need a lecture on sex um what I what I meant was um U an
438:54 sex um what I what I meant was um U an certainly knows all there is to know
438:55 certainly knows all there is to know about
439:02 sex I wasn't married to Don my boyfriend I was doing a television series about a
439:03 I was doing a television series about a single girl who didn't want to get
439:05 single girl who didn't want to get married and wanted to live on her own I
439:07 married and wanted to live on her own I mean this was like you know completely
439:09 mean this was like you know completely unheard of the character that Marlo
439:11 unheard of the character that Marlo Thomas played was a fantastic
439:13 Thomas played was a fantastic alternative model of Womanhood
439:16 alternative model of Womanhood itself that girl was the first time ever
439:19 itself that girl was the first time ever on television that a woman was allowed
439:22 on television that a woman was allowed to have an independent autonomous Life
439:24 to have an independent autonomous Life and Adventures of her own it's amazing
439:27 and Adventures of her own it's amazing we waited till the 60s to break the
439:29 we waited till the 60s to break the walls down but it was time everything to
439:32 walls down but it was time everything to do in any movement is how do you get the
439:35 do in any movement is how do you get the spotlight and focus it on the issue
439:37 spotlight and focus it on the issue we've decided for at least one week
439:40 we've decided for at least one week starting yesterday to do everything we
439:42 starting yesterday to do everything we can to fight pollution and Donald that
439:43 can to fight pollution and Donald that means all kinds of pollution there's
439:45 means all kinds of pollution there's there's air pollution food pollution
439:47 there's air pollution food pollution there's waste I felt strongly about the
439:48 there's waste I felt strongly about the fact that we could not ignore what the
439:50 fact that we could not ignore what the issues of the day were for
439:53 issues of the day were for everything appears to be growing concern
439:56 everything appears to be growing concern among scientists as to the possibility
439:58 among scientists as to the possibility of dangerous long range side effects
440:01 of dangerous long range side effects from the widespread use of DDT and other
440:03 from the widespread use of DDT and other pesticides have you considered asking
440:05 pesticides have you considered asking the Public Health Service to take a
440:06 the Public Health Service to take a closer look at this yes I I and I know
440:09 closer look at this yes I I and I know that they already are I think
440:11 that they already are I think particularly of course Miss Carson's
440:13 particularly of course Miss Carson's book but they are examining the
440:17 book but they are examining the [Music]
440:18 [Music] matter Rachel Carson wrote this book
440:20 matter Rachel Carson wrote this book about pesticide called Silent Spring in
440:23 about pesticide called Silent Spring in 1962 and talked about the long-term
440:26 1962 and talked about the long-term impacts the concept of latency and bio
440:29 impacts the concept of latency and bio accumulation which were all new terms
440:32 accumulation which were all new terms farm animals were dying with venomous
440:35 farm animals were dying with venomous regularity because of pesticides people
440:37 regularity because of pesticides people didn't have any awareness that if a fish
440:40 didn't have any awareness that if a fish ate the bug that was poisoned by
440:42 ate the bug that was poisoned by pesticides that that was going to end up
440:44 pesticides that that was going to end up in our
440:46 in our bodies it touched a raw nerve among the
440:49 bodies it touched a raw nerve among the American public the public was being
440:52 American public the public was being asked to accept these
440:54 asked to accept these chemicals and did not have the whole
440:56 chemicals and did not have the whole picture so I set about to remedy the the
440:59 picture so I set about to remedy the the balance there the major claims in Miss
441:02 balance there the major claims in Miss Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring are
441:05 Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring are gross distortions of the actual
441:08 gross distortions of the actual [Music]
441:10 [Music] facts mean we talk about Big Oil Well
441:12 facts mean we talk about Big Oil Well there was big chemical and Rachel Carson
441:15 there was big chemical and Rachel Carson got under their skin because she was
441:18 got under their skin because she was going to cut into their profits terribly
441:21 going to cut into their profits terribly she was attacked uh really viciously by
441:24 she was attacked uh really viciously by Monsanto and she was condemned pretty
441:27 Monsanto and she was condemned pretty regularly as a spinster and a communist
441:30 regularly as a spinster and a communist she got called off into this battle at a
441:32 she got called off into this battle at a time when she was already in a fairly
441:34 time when she was already in a fairly Advanced stage of cancer the US
441:36 Advanced stage of cancer the US government went into a review of all of
441:38 government went into a review of all of her data and months later came out with
441:41 her data and months later came out with a report basically backing Rachel Carson
441:44 a report basically backing Rachel Carson she dies in 1964 just shortly after with
441:48 she dies in 1964 just shortly after with cancer but if you have to make a Hall of
441:50 cancer but if you have to make a Hall of Fame of of people in the environmental
441:52 Fame of of people in the environmental movement Rachel Carson is the game
441:54 movement Rachel Carson is the game changer she's number one by closing
441:56 changer she's number one by closing loopholes which permitted pesticides to
441:58 loopholes which permitted pesticides to be sold before they were fully tested
442:00 be sold before they were fully tested said this bill safeguards the health of
442:02 said this bill safeguards the health of all Americans I'm sorry that voice of
442:04 all Americans I'm sorry that voice of Rachel Carson is still today she would
442:07 Rachel Carson is still today she would have been proud of this bill in this
442:09 have been proud of this bill in this [Music]
442:12 [Music] moment there were all of these things
442:14 moment there were all of these things that were beginning to affect human
442:16 that were beginning to affect human health we had cities in America
442:18 health we had cities in America increasingly having to call smog alerts
442:21 increasingly having to call smog alerts we had Rivers catching on fire in the
442:24 we had Rivers catching on fire in the Santa Barbara oil spill it became clear
442:26 Santa Barbara oil spill it became clear that even the very richest cities were
442:29 that even the very richest cities were going to be exposed to massive
442:31 going to be exposed to massive environmental threats the drilling
442:33 environmental threats the drilling continues and so do the leaks and the
442:35 continues and so do the leaks and the question here is not whether it will
442:37 question here is not whether it will happen again but when and how bad will
442:40 happen again but when and how bad will it be issue after issue kept piling up
442:44 it be issue after issue kept piling up there's a building sense that we are
442:48 there's a building sense that we are stakeholders in the environment that it
442:50 stakeholders in the environment that it is something that we humans can ruin
442:54 is something that we humans can ruin this is a a real shift in our thinking
442:56 this is a a real shift in our thinking people were really worried and the
442:59 people were really worried and the political establishments started to
443:02 political establishments started to respond without the environmental
443:04 respond without the environmental movement coming out of the 60s we would
443:07 movement coming out of the 60s we would not have a Clean Air Act a Clean Water
443:10 not have a Clean Air Act a Clean Water Act I mean there was a wave of
443:12 Act I mean there was a wave of legislation that emerged in the
443:15 legislation that emerged in the immediate
443:16 immediate aftermath we have not been
443:18 aftermath we have not been inactive these last four years we have
443:23 inactive these last four years we have saved more we have preserved more than
443:27 saved more we have preserved more than ever before in our history I'm con
443:30 ever before in our history I'm con convinced that beauty and order in our
443:35 convinced that beauty and order in our environment are not
443:37 environment are not Frills I am convinced that they are
443:40 Frills I am convinced that they are Urgent
443:57 Necessities I think that all of us are looking for a place under the Sun but
444:00 looking for a place under the Sun but that I mean for a union that we can
444:01 that I mean for a union that we can belong as Farm Workers we think of the
444:04 belong as Farm Workers we think of the Civil Rights Movement as generally being
444:06 Civil Rights Movement as generally being about blacks in the South but there was
444:09 about blacks in the South but there was a Latino Civil Rights Movement as
444:11 a Latino Civil Rights Movement as well how much have you been getting for
444:13 well how much have you been getting for a day's work only
444:16 a day's work only $2 $2 a day yes migrant Farm Workers who
444:21 $2 $2 a day yes migrant Farm Workers who are getting paid pennies to feed America
444:24 are getting paid pennies to feed America and were being sent from Farm to farm
444:27 and were being sent from Farm to farm with barely livable housing conditions
444:30 with barely livable housing conditions there are no bathrooms in the fields
444:32 there are no bathrooms in the fields often no clean drinking water workers
444:35 often no clean drinking water workers would be forced to use the short-handled
444:37 would be forced to use the short-handled hoe that is back breaking 18 in from the
444:40 hoe that is back breaking 18 in from the ground but it also is an instrument of
444:42 ground but it also is an instrument of psychological oppression because the
444:45 psychological oppression because the supervisors could look down the row and
444:47 supervisors could look down the row and if someone stood up to stretch they
444:49 if someone stood up to stretch they could order them back to work
444:51 could order them back to work essentially there were no labor laws no
444:54 essentially there were no labor laws no health and safety laws that apply to
444:55 health and safety laws that apply to Farm Workers what do you think of the
444:57 Farm Workers what do you think of the idea of a union for Farm Workers I think
444:59 idea of a union for Farm Workers I think it's ridiculous
445:00 it's ridiculous do you want to live in this I wouldn't
445:02 do you want to live in this I wouldn't live
445:03 live here you know you're being very impudent
445:06 here you know you're being very impudent I want to live here we have a real tough
445:09 I want to live here we have a real tough combination pitted against us in 1966 it
445:13 combination pitted against us in 1966 it has occurred to a few of them that they
445:15 has occurred to a few of them that they ought to have a union this is the union
445:18 ought to have a union this is the union they formed the United Farm Workers
445:20 they formed the United Farm Workers organizing committee their leader Cesar
445:23 organizing committee their leader Cesar Chavez started out as a migrant field
445:26 Chavez started out as a migrant field worker with a seventh grade education
445:28 worker with a seventh grade education Cesar Chavez was large selftaught and
445:31 Cesar Chavez was large selftaught and becomes this great student of history
445:33 becomes this great student of history and he studies Gandhi and Martin Luther
445:36 and he studies Gandhi and Martin Luther King You' got to get out there with a
445:38 King You' got to get out there with a picket sign and and get some action
445:40 picket sign and and get some action going and when you put all those things
445:42 going and when you put all those things together then nonviolence
445:44 together then nonviolence [Music]
445:46 [Music] works the United Farm Workers realized
445:48 works the United Farm Workers realized very early on you have to move people
445:51 very early on you have to move people you have to inspire them so they set
445:53 you have to inspire them so they set Upon A March from deleno to
445:56 Upon A March from deleno to Sacramento it's a march to get the
445:58 Sacramento it's a march to get the strike and the former story outside of
446:02 strike and the former story outside of California
446:05 California not everybody you get scenes that
446:08 not everybody you get scenes that resemble some of the things that
446:09 resemble some of the things that happened in the South workers just being
446:12 happened in the South workers just being nonviolent in the face of provocation
446:16 nonviolent in the face of provocation from the police it is a pleading for
446:19 from the police it is a pleading for social change for social justice to the
446:22 social change for social justice to the fir worker and his
446:25 fir worker and his cause Saturday afternoon a light rain
446:27 cause Saturday afternoon a light rain was falling as the Marchers arrived
446:29 was falling as the Marchers arrived outside side
446:31 outside side Sacramento so when they start into Leno
446:34 Sacramento so when they start into Leno there are about 75 Marchers by the time
446:37 there are about 75 Marchers by the time they get to Sacramento there are 10,000
446:39 they get to Sacramento there are 10,000 people rallied on the steps of the state
446:42 people rallied on the steps of the state capital the workers are on the right
446:46 capital the workers are on the right deleno has shown what can be done and
446:48 deleno has shown what can be done and the workers know that they are no longer
446:55 alone one of the things that Chavez does that really catapults the movement into
446:58 that really catapults the movement into the national consciousness is to ask
447:01 the national consciousness is to ask Americans to stop buying
447:08 grapes at its height 15 to 20 million Americans were participating in the
447:09 Americans were participating in the great boycott that is almost one out of
447:12 great boycott that is almost one out of every 10 Americans we have I think a
447:15 every 10 Americans we have I think a similar problem that the people in the
447:17 similar problem that the people in the Civil Rights Movement had it wasn't
447:19 Civil Rights Movement had it wasn't until they really went out and started
447:21 until they really went out and started organizing if the government came across
447:23 organizing if the government came across with meaningful legislation the boycott
447:25 with meaningful legislation the boycott ultimately forces California's most
447:27 ultimately forces California's most powerful industry to sign contracts with
447:29 powerful industry to sign contracts with its Forest
447:31 its Forest workers the revolution in California
447:33 workers the revolution in California Agriculture has moved far more rapidly
447:36 Agriculture has moved far more rapidly than anyone expected this much now is
447:38 than anyone expected this much now is clear California Agriculture has been
447:47 changed will you join in the battle to build the Great Society to give every
447:51 build the Great Society to give every citizen the full equality which God
447:53 citizen the full equality which God enjoins and the law
447:55 enjoins and the law requires when lendon Johnson is pushing
447:58 requires when lendon Johnson is pushing through the Great Society he's riding
448:00 through the Great Society he's riding the wave of the civil rights movement
448:03 the wave of the civil rights movement and the reform movement but there are a
448:05 and the reform movement but there are a lot of Americans who are not at all
448:08 lot of Americans who are not at all happy about this
448:10 happy about this Johnson is a man whom I've known for a
448:13 Johnson is a man whom I've known for a long time and I like him personally but
448:15 long time and I like him personally but I've watched him change from a
448:18 I've watched him change from a conservative Democrat to a an extreme
448:21 conservative Democrat to a an extreme liberal Democrat too often the 60s is
448:25 liberal Democrat too often the 60s is simply seen from a liberal perspective
448:27 simply seen from a liberal perspective but the conservative movement had its
448:30 but the conservative movement had its hands well I told my wife I said honey I
448:33 hands well I told my wife I said honey I said what do you think about my run for
448:35 said what do you think about my run for the presidency I would not say he was
448:37 the presidency I would not say he was politically
448:39 politically ambitious what made my father run
448:41 ambitious what made my father run started several years before that it
448:44 started several years before that it really started with my father's book The
448:47 really started with my father's book The Conscience of a conservative in 1960
448:50 Conscience of a conservative in 1960 which became kind of the Bible of the
448:53 which became kind of the Bible of the conservative movement goat brought
448:56 conservative movement goat brought together a kind of muscular americanism
448:58 together a kind of muscular americanism anti-communism
449:00 anti-communism and this growing political opposition to
449:03 and this growing political opposition to the expansion of the federal government
449:06 the expansion of the federal government at the time the Republican party was
449:09 at the time the Republican party was dominated by the Eastern liberal
449:11 dominated by the Eastern liberal establishment conservatives saw the more
449:15 establishment conservatives saw the more moderate liberal part of the Republican
449:17 moderate liberal part of the Republican party as not being real Republican
449:20 party as not being real Republican because they're not getting rid of the
449:22 because they're not getting rid of the problem with government which was that
449:23 problem with government which was that had had gotten too big at the time
449:26 had had gotten too big at the time nobody thought of it as a movement but
449:28 nobody thought of it as a movement but it was a nent thing but it turned out to
449:30 it was a nent thing but it turned out to be a very powerful thing and that was
449:32 be a very powerful thing and that was the beginning of what we now think of as
449:34 the beginning of what we now think of as a conservative
449:36 a conservative movement what conservatives lacked up
449:40 movement what conservatives lacked up until the
449:41 until the 1960s was any substantial media Outlet
449:45 1960s was any substantial media Outlet to spread their message but during the
449:47 to spread their message but during the 1960s you began to get the foundation
449:50 1960s you began to get the foundation for this Barry Goldwater J propelled
449:54 for this Barry Goldwater J propelled philosopher of conservatism he is the
449:56 philosopher of conservatism he is the hottest thing on the lecture Circle he
449:59 hottest thing on the lecture Circle he pours out out with considerable help
450:01 pours out out with considerable help books articles and columns suddenly
450:04 books articles and columns suddenly Barry gwat is being talked about as the
450:07 Barry gwat is being talked about as the Republican johnf
450:08 Republican johnf Kennedy we have lost election after
450:11 Kennedy we have lost election after election the last several years because
450:14 election the last several years because conservative Republicans get mad and
450:16 conservative Republicans get mad and stay home let's grow up
450:19 stay home let's grow up conservatives let's if we want to take
450:22 conservatives let's if we want to take this party back and I think we can
450:24 this party back and I think we can someday let's get to
450:26 someday let's get to [Applause]
450:28 [Applause] work and for the next four years the
450:33 work and for the next four years the conservatives went to
450:43 work little dust devils of non-g Goldwater ISM are swirling about this
450:45 Goldwater ISM are swirling about this convention but that's about all the
450:47 convention but that's about all the Cyclone is definitely coming in from
450:50 Cyclone is definitely coming in from Arizona in 1964 the liberals moderates
450:54 Arizona in 1964 the liberals moderates who were running the Republican Party
450:56 who were running the Republican Party realized that their party had been
450:57 realized that their party had been seized from underneath them during this
451:00 seized from underneath them during this this year I have crisscross this nation
451:03 this year I have crisscross this nation warning of the extremist threat it's
451:07 warning of the extremist threat it's danger of the
451:09 danger of the [Applause]
451:13 [Applause] [Music]
451:17 [Music] [Applause]
451:18 [Applause] party Governor is entitled to be heard
451:21 party Governor is entitled to be heard for 5 minutes all of these Liberal
451:24 for 5 minutes all of these Liberal Republicans who were considered the
451:26 Republicans who were considered the leading figures of the Republican Party
451:30 leading figures of the Republican Party like George Romney and Nelson
451:33 like George Romney and Nelson Rockefeller suddenly didn't have a role
451:37 Rockefeller suddenly didn't have a role in the 64 election that that nominated
451:40 in the 64 election that that nominated Goldwater he is the man who earned and
451:45 Goldwater he is the man who earned and proudly carries the title of Mr
451:47 proudly carries the title of Mr Conservative and is now Mr Republican
451:51 Conservative and is now Mr Republican Barry
451:52 Barry [Applause]
451:53 [Applause] [Music]
452:02 Goan Rockefeller in his campaign was paining the conservatives as
452:05 paining the conservatives as extremists and then my father followed
452:08 extremists and then my father followed up with his famous words about it I
452:11 up with his famous words about it I would remind you that
452:15 would remind you that extremism in the defense of Liberty is
452:18 extremism in the defense of Liberty is no
452:26 Vice and let me remind you also that
452:28 also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is
452:31 moderation in the pursuit of justice is no
452:38 virtue Goldwater did not recognize that he was opening up a
452:41 recognize that he was opening up a Pandora's Box by saying that extremism
452:44 Pandora's Box by saying that extremism could be a good thing he was basically
452:46 could be a good thing he was basically opening the door to the burchers and the
452:50 opening the door to the burchers and the leftover kak's Clan and all these other
452:52 leftover kak's Clan and all these other groups that were Beyond The Pale the
452:54 groups that were Beyond The Pale the head of the Georgia Clan came out for
452:56 head of the Georgia Clan came out for your ticket do you accept their support
452:59 your ticket do you accept their support uh we don't want the backing of the Klux
453:02 uh we don't want the backing of the Klux Clan that's a different kind of
453:04 Clan that's a different kind of extremist and my father would have none
453:06 extremist and my father would have none of it a thoughtful address by Ronald
453:09 of it a thoughtful address by Ronald Reagan thank
453:11 Reagan thank you I have spent most of my life as a
453:14 you I have spent most of my life as a Democrat I recently have seen fit to
453:16 Democrat I recently have seen fit to follow another
453:18 follow another course Ronald Reagan was an actor but it
453:21 course Ronald Reagan was an actor but it was in 1964 that suddenly he explodes
453:25 was in 1964 that suddenly he explodes onto the national scene as a political
453:27 onto the national scene as a political figure because he gives the speech in
453:31 figure because he gives the speech in this boat harvesting time they use terms
453:34 this boat harvesting time they use terms like the Great Society or as we were
453:36 like the Great Society or as we were told a few days ago by the president we
453:38 told a few days ago by the president we must accept a greater government
453:40 must accept a greater government activity in the Affairs of the people
453:42 activity in the Affairs of the people Barry Goldwater has faith that you and I
453:45 Barry Goldwater has faith that you and I have the ability and the dignity and the
453:47 have the ability and the dignity and the right to make our own
453:50 right to make our own decisions the campaign was always run
453:53 decisions the campaign was always run optimistically and when Ronald Reagan
453:55 optimistically and when Ronald Reagan hit it out of the ballpark with his
453:57 hit it out of the ballpark with his speech we just knew we were going to win
454:01 speech we just knew we were going to win according to CBS vote profile analysis
454:05 according to CBS vote profile analysis Lyndon Baines Johnson has been elected
454:07 Lyndon Baines Johnson has been elected president of the United States and the
454:09 president of the United States and the landslide has carried him
454:13 landslide has carried him in we're going to devote our days and
454:17 in we're going to devote our days and the years ahead to uh strengthening the
454:19 the years ahead to uh strengthening the Republican party after goat loses all it
454:23 Republican party after goat loses all it did was to make the conservatives more
454:26 did was to make the conservatives more determined than ever in addition they
454:29 determined than ever in addition they found another star the first question is
454:33 found another star the first question is for you Senator Goldwater it's been said
454:36 for you Senator Goldwater it's been said that Ronald rean has assumed the manle
454:38 that Ronald rean has assumed the manle of leadership of the conservative
454:39 of leadership of the conservative movement would you comment please I
454:41 movement would you comment please I would say that if he
454:43 would say that if he continues in his successful political
454:45 continues in his successful political career that I don't think you could deny
454:47 career that I don't think you could deny that he would be the leader Reagan is
454:50 that he would be the leader Reagan is elected governor of California this gets
454:52 elected governor of California this gets to be a new ball game there is this
454:55 to be a new ball game there is this growing social
454:57 growing social uneasiness about the kinds of changes
454:59 uneasiness about the kinds of changes that are taking place in
455:01 that are taking place in America conservative leaders were able
455:04 America conservative leaders were able to capitalize on those resentments
455:07 to capitalize on those resentments towards government and toward this new
455:09 towards government and toward this new America as you move through the 60s and
455:13 America as you move through the 60s and even as Reagan wins election in ' 66 to
455:15 even as Reagan wins election in ' 66 to become governor of California the
455:17 become governor of California the response on the part of conservatives is
455:19 response on the part of conservatives is that what's more important is less
455:21 that what's more important is less anti-communism and more the social
455:30 elements we who are Republicans have been handed a unique challenge
455:32 have been handed a unique challenge ourselves and a
455:33 ourselves and a responsibility to offer something that
455:36 responsibility to offer something that the people of this country are crying
455:37 the people of this country are crying out for they are crying out for
455:41 out for they are crying out for leadership I saw him make a speech in
455:44 leadership I saw him make a speech in 1964 for goldw water I said there's the
455:47 1964 for goldw water I said there's the man that should be running for
455:48 man that should be running for president he has the same type of
455:51 president he has the same type of feeling with the people that John
455:52 feeling with the people that John Kennedy had I
455:54 Kennedy had I think Reagan did a very brief run for
455:57 think Reagan did a very brief run for president in 1968 but it was too little
456:00 president in 1968 but it was too little too late Richard Nixon goes over the top
456:03 too late Richard Nixon goes over the top with
456:04 with 287 electoral votes and that seems to be
456:07 287 electoral votes and that seems to be the 1968 election conservatives won
456:11 the 1968 election conservatives won control of the Republican party in
456:14 control of the Republican party in 1964 but they didn't figure out what to
456:16 1964 but they didn't figure out what to do with it for 15 years
456:19 do with it for 15 years [Applause]
456:20 [Applause] [Music]
456:34 CBS reports the homosexuals Lars Larson is a member of
456:37 homosexuals Lars Larson is a member of the most despised minority group in the
456:39 the most despised minority group in the United States but few homosexuals are
456:41 United States but few homosexuals are willing to admit it publicly the fear of
456:43 willing to admit it publicly the fear of being ostracized of losing a job even
456:46 being ostracized of losing a job even the fear of imprisonment forces most
456:48 the fear of imprisonment forces most homosexuals to camouflage their
456:49 homosexuals to camouflage their identities do you remember how you felt
456:52 identities do you remember how you felt when you first realized that you are a
456:55 when you first realized that you are a homosexual frightened terribly
456:57 homosexual frightened terribly frightened
457:00 frightened look I was so scared that anybody ever
457:02 look I was so scared that anybody ever figure out I was gay I was a deeply
457:03 figure out I was gay I was a deeply cited and very repressed game in the
457:06 cited and very repressed game in the Tallahasse Police Department is using
457:08 Tallahasse Police Department is using Florida State University students as
457:10 Florida State University students as informers against homosexuals the
457:13 informers against homosexuals the students get $10 ahead every time one is
457:15 students get $10 ahead every time one is approached by a suspected sex offender
457:18 approached by a suspected sex offender in the 1960s there are a number of these
457:21 in the 1960s there are a number of these kinds of committees that investigate
457:23 kinds of committees that investigate guge and even though it's still
457:27 guge and even though it's still submerged you begin to see the first
457:29 submerged you begin to see the first issues about gay rights there were
457:32 issues about gay rights there were multiple organizations to try to
457:34 multiple organizations to try to counteract that repressive regime that
457:38 counteract that repressive regime that gay men and lesbians were suffering
457:40 gay men and lesbians were suffering under they have the matachin society and
457:43 under they have the matachin society and the daughters of bitas which were part
457:44 the daughters of bitas which were part of the homophile movement the laws which
457:47 of the homophile movement the laws which forbid certain types of private
457:49 forbid certain types of private consenting sexual behavior among adults
457:53 consenting sexual behavior among adults need to be changed in the mine Society
457:56 need to be changed in the mine Society this was the Dilemma how do you combine
457:58 this was the Dilemma how do you combine activism with an
458:00 activism with an you can't run a social movement from
458:02 you can't run a social movement from behind the CET door gays are limited in
458:06 behind the CET door gays are limited in their ability to show affection can't
458:08 their ability to show affection can't party the way the Straits can their
458:10 party the way the Straits can their whole entire existence is
458:12 whole entire existence is stigmatized one of the mine society's
458:15 stigmatized one of the mine society's founder is a man named Frank Camy he was
458:18 founder is a man named Frank Camy he was a worker in the US map service and he's
458:20 a worker in the US map service and he's fired because he's gay so he pickets the
458:23 fired because he's gay so he pickets the White House well I understand that we
458:24 White House well I understand that we are being picketed by a group uh of
458:27 are being picketed by a group uh of homosexuals the policy of the department
458:29 homosexuals the policy of the department is that we do not employ homosexuals
458:31 is that we do not employ homosexuals knowingly and that if we discover
458:33 knowingly and that if we discover homosexuals in our department we
458:35 homosexuals in our department we discharge them every American citizen
458:37 discharge them every American citizen has the right to be considered by his
458:39 has the right to be considered by his government on the basis of his own
458:42 government on the basis of his own personal merits as an individual Frank
458:45 personal merits as an individual Frank Hony is a pioneer he's standing there
458:48 Hony is a pioneer he's standing there doesn't care what people think he's
458:49 doesn't care what people think he's saying I am just as normal as you are
458:53 saying I am just as normal as you are it's a polite Reform movement
458:57 it's a polite Reform movement homosexuality is in fact mental
459:00 homosexuality is in fact mental illness which has reached
459:02 illness which has reached epidemiological proportions the American
459:04 epidemiological proportions the American Psychiatric
459:05 Psychiatric association deems homosexuality to be a
459:08 association deems homosexuality to be a mental
459:09 mental disorder this involves showing the gay
459:13 disorder this involves showing the gay man pictures of nude males and shocking
459:18 man pictures of nude males and shocking him with a strong electric current over
459:21 him with a strong electric current over a short period of time hopefully he will
459:24 a short period of time hopefully he will be unable to get sexually
459:26 be unable to get sexually aroused it's very hard to achieve civil
459:30 aroused it's very hard to achieve civil rights for a group where the medical
459:34 rights for a group where the medical world is describing this group as as
459:36 world is describing this group as as mentally ill so one of the goals of the
459:39 mentally ill so one of the goals of the gay rights movement was to eliminate
459:41 gay rights movement was to eliminate that kind of thinking represents
459:44 that kind of thinking represents Prejudice it doesn't represent science
459:47 Prejudice it doesn't represent science The Dilemma of the homosexual told by
459:50 The Dilemma of the homosexual told by the medical profession he is sick by the
459:53 the medical profession he is sick by the law that he's a criminal shunned by
459:56 law that he's a criminal shunned by employers rejected by heterosexual
459:58 employers rejected by heterosexual Society
459:59 Society at the center of his life he remains an
460:02 at the center of his life he remains an outsider I think gay men got uh sort of
460:07 outsider I think gay men got uh sort of sick and tired of seeing the quote
460:09 sick and tired of seeing the quote unquote Revolution going on all around
460:12 unquote Revolution going on all around them while they were being vilified and
460:14 them while they were being vilified and kept completely to the
460:16 kept completely to the margins something is always going to
460:18 margins something is always going to light the spark and it was about to
460:20 light the spark and it was about to happen
460:25 somewhere in June of 1969 the police staged a raid just a
460:29 1969 the police staged a raid just a routine raid on uh gayar The Stonewall
460:34 routine raid on uh gayar The Stonewall Inn in greinwich Village uh in New York
460:37 Inn in greinwich Village uh in New York and unlike a routine raid in this case
460:42 and unlike a routine raid in this case men fought
460:44 men fought [Applause]
460:46 [Applause] back Stonewall was a watershed moment in
460:51 back Stonewall was a watershed moment in really the development of civil rights
460:53 really the development of civil rights for the LGBT
460:55 for the LGBT community within 4 years of Stonewall
461:00 community within 4 years of Stonewall the American Psychiatric
461:02 the American Psychiatric association removes homosexuality from
461:05 association removes homosexuality from its list of mental disorders in four
461:08 its list of mental disorders in four years this was a movement that could not
461:11 years this was a movement that could not be
461:12 be denied with each decade the glass
461:15 denied with each decade the glass ceiling gets chipped away at and
461:17 ceiling gets chipped away at and ultimately one would hope
461:19 ultimately one would hope broken so much of the 60s is now draped
461:23 broken so much of the 60s is now draped in Nostalgia but the things that were
461:27 in Nostalgia but the things that were important and that were so contr Rial
461:29 important and that were so contr Rial then whether it was the movement for
461:31 then whether it was the movement for civil rights the environmental movement
461:33 civil rights the environmental movement or the women's movement much of that
461:36 or the women's movement much of that work became cornerstones from the world
461:38 work became cornerstones from the world we currently live in I no longer accept
461:41 we currently live in I no longer accept society's judgment that my group is
461:44 society's judgment that my group is second class women begin running for
461:47 second class women begin running for office being able to open up their own
461:49 office being able to open up their own businesses you now have women doctors
461:52 businesses you now have women doctors and scientists and astronauts things
461:54 and scientists and astronauts things that were unheard
461:56 that were unheard of after the 60s people began to take a
461:59 of after the 60s people began to take a more holistic view of the environment
462:02 more holistic view of the environment everybody now fundamentally believes
462:05 everybody now fundamentally believes that they've got a right to a healthy
462:08 that they've got a right to a healthy safe
462:14 environment we explored so many blind alleys in the 1960s that perhaps we've
462:17 alleys in the 1960s that perhaps we've put ourselves on a platform from which
462:20 put ourselves on a platform from which we can more constructively attack the
462:22 we can more constructively attack the problems which we've now begun to
462:24 problems which we've now begun to identify now if that happens in the
462:26 identify now if that happens in the decades to come I should not be
462:28 decades to come I should not be surprised if historians didn't date its
462:31 surprised if historians didn't date its beginning in this troubled 10 years
462:34 beginning in this troubled 10 years we've just gone
462:36 we've just gone through uh these are the cutaways for
462:38 through uh these are the cutaways for Esther Peterson assistant Secretary of
462:41 Esther Peterson assistant Secretary of Labor highest ranking women in the
462:43 Labor highest ranking women in the federal government do you think that the
462:45 federal government do you think that the American public is ready to accept a
462:48 American public is ready to accept a woman in the white house I
462:54 think I think that when the right woman comes along that the that the society
462:56 comes along that the that the society will recognize and I think it's compl
462:59 will recognize and I think it's compl completely possible that someday there
463:01 completely possible that someday there can be a woman in the White
463:02 can be a woman in the White [Music]
463:24 House there are colonies of hippies springing up in most American cities
463:26 springing up in most American cities it's all related the psychedelics and
463:28 it's all related the psychedelics and the war the pro protesting I'm planning
463:30 the war the pro protesting I'm planning on having a good time as long as I can
463:33 on having a good time as long as I can smoke pot with your kids and then you'll
463:35 smoke pot with your kids and then you'll understand why the kids are happy it's a
463:38 understand why the kids are happy it's a giant love in people should be
463:40 giant love in people should be uninhibited in their sexual expression
463:42 uninhibited in their sexual expression you cannot ignore a change in Morality
463:44 you cannot ignore a change in Morality they're fascists they don't like hippies
463:46 they're fascists they don't like hippies and they don't like the things we do we
463:48 and they don't like the things we do we do have to maintain law order and
463:51 do have to maintain law order and decency on the streets what we're
463:53 decency on the streets what we're thinking about as a peaceful Planet
463:54 thinking about as a peaceful Planet we're not thinking about anything else
463:55 we're not thinking about anything else they are trying to do what no one else
463:57 they are trying to do what no one else has ever done before find a new way for
463:59 has ever done before find a new way for Humanity
465:04 America in the early 60s it was a real good time of prosperity but it was also
465:06 good time of prosperity but it was also kind of a stagnant time in terms of
465:09 kind of a stagnant time in terms of spiritual growth things were kind of at
465:11 spiritual growth things were kind of at a
465:12 a standstill the Baseline culture was
465:16 standstill the Baseline culture was materialism and also the feeling that
465:19 materialism and also the feeling that the culture itself didn't honor the
465:21 the culture itself didn't honor the human spirit and didn't honor
465:25 human spirit and didn't honor creativity in the early
465:27 creativity in the early 1950s the recognized in its midst a
465:30 1950s the recognized in its midst a social movement called be
465:36 generation a novel titled on the road became a
465:40 novel titled on the road became a besteller when kowak book comes out it
465:43 besteller when kowak book comes out it became a revolution defined a new
465:45 became a revolution defined a new generation of what being beat means and
465:48 generation of what being beat means and it defined it as a spiritual Revolution
465:51 it defined it as a spiritual Revolution but if we're living in a age of
465:52 but if we're living in a age of Conformity if everybody's trying to work
465:54 Conformity if everybody's trying to work for the the corporation that you're
465:56 for the the corporation that you're losing a sense of self I was try
465:58 losing a sense of self I was try traveling west one time at the junction
466:01 traveling west one time at the junction of the state line of Colorado I saw in
466:04 of the state line of Colorado I saw in the clouds huge and massed above the
466:06 the clouds huge and massed above the fury golden desert of even fall the
466:09 fury golden desert of even fall the great image of god with four finger
466:11 great image of god with four finger pointed straight at
466:13 pointed straight at me come on boy go thou across the ground
466:17 me come on boy go thou across the ground go moan for man go moan go
466:20 go moan for man go moan go groan go groan alone go roll your bones
466:25 groan go groan alone go roll your bones alone Jack Kwak became like a godfa
466:28 alone Jack Kwak became like a godfa father for the counterculture The
466:31 father for the counterculture The Village has a life and language all its
466:33 Village has a life and language all its own if you dig it your hip if you don't
466:37 own if you dig it your hip if you don't man you're Square coffee houses the
466:40 man you're Square coffee houses the neighborhood bars of bohemia where the
466:42 neighborhood bars of bohemia where the strongest potion is coffee and the
466:44 strongest potion is coffee and the coffee house poet is the specialty of
466:46 coffee house poet is the specialty of the house to find a place where the eyes
466:49 the house to find a place where the eyes can rest beat Nicks they had these
466:52 can rest beat Nicks they had these coffee houses they would go in and and
466:54 coffee houses they would go in and and play chess and read poetry and those
466:57 play chess and read poetry and those same coffee houses became a kind of a
467:00 same coffee houses became a kind of a Proving Ground for folk
467:02 Proving Ground for folk singers and all young kids were running
467:04 singers and all young kids were running out to buy guitars and banjo standing
467:08 out to buy guitars and banjo standing York one day F music it gives me a lot
467:11 York one day F music it gives me a lot more than the popular music of our own
467:13 more than the popular music of our own time does my Outlook is that topical
467:16 time does my Outlook is that topical song Should Be Sung because we don't do
467:18 song Should Be Sung because we don't do anything about say the BAM you know the
467:20 anything about say the BAM you know the whole situation come to an end this got
467:23 whole situation come to an end this got to be an alternative to whatever ways of
467:25 to be an alternative to whatever ways of life are offered to them you know I mean
467:28 life are offered to them you know I mean Democrat Republican and I would like to
467:31 Democrat Republican and I would like to offer some kind of alternative somehow
467:34 offer some kind of alternative somehow you know folk Revival Scene had a big
467:37 you know folk Revival Scene had a big part of politics you can't get left
467:39 part of politics you can't get left politics out of Woody Guthrie or Pete
467:42 politics out of Woody Guthrie or Pete Seager and so the Greenwich Village
467:44 Seager and so the Greenwich Village movement was there to celebrate people's
467:46 movement was there to celebrate people's culture if you like the music you really
467:49 culture if you like the music you really were signing on for their ways of
467:51 were signing on for their ways of looking at the world
467:53 looking at the world too and then eventually one guy emerges
467:56 too and then eventually one guy emerges as being special
467:58 as being special [Applause]
468:01 [Applause] a bullet from the back of a bush took
468:05 a bullet from the back of a bush took medgear
468:07 medgear ever during that that time in the 60s as
468:11 ever during that that time in the 60s as that Cultural Revolution was slowly
468:13 that Cultural Revolution was slowly bubbling and kids were starting to
468:15 bubbling and kids were starting to question authority question what was
468:17 question authority question what was happening in their country they're
468:19 happening in their country they're looking for answers Bob Dyan thought
468:22 looking for answers Bob Dyan thought that folk music was poetry he took beat
468:25 that folk music was poetry he took beat energy and mixed it with folk culture
468:27 energy and mixed it with folk culture and it's more lyrical intensity than
468:30 and it's more lyrical intensity than anybody's put to song before and the
468:34 anybody's put to song before and the name used is for the politician game as
468:40 name used is for the politician game as he rises to fame up until the time of
468:43 he rises to fame up until the time of Bob Dylan there were the songwriters and
468:45 Bob Dylan there were the songwriters and there were the singers Dylan started
468:48 there were the singers Dylan started writing his own music he says I am going
468:52 writing his own music he says I am going to comment on the world I'm going to
468:54 to comment on the world I'm going to comment on the nature of this Human
468:57 comment on the nature of this Human Experience Bob Dylan was in this sort of
468:59 Experience Bob Dylan was in this sort of white hot moment of saying more in the
469:01 white hot moment of saying more in the Popular Song than anyone ever had
469:03 Popular Song than anyone ever had [Music]
469:06 [Music] before in that
469:15 game After the revolution of Bob Dylan the music world moves
469:28 West Laural Canyon becomes the epicenter of the Rock
469:30 of the Rock Revolution the music scene was not
469:32 Revolution the music scene was not happening in New York anymore it was now
469:35 happening in New York anymore it was now La everybody moved to Laurel Canyon
469:38 La everybody moved to Laurel Canyon actors musicians artists and so it was a
469:42 actors musicians artists and so it was a kind of a whole Community very open if
469:45 kind of a whole Community very open if you're driving over Laurel Canyon and
469:46 you're driving over Laurel Canyon and you saw somebody hitchhiking you just
469:48 you saw somebody hitchhiking you just automatically pull over hey brother get
469:50 automatically pull over hey brother get in you know where you going Laurel
469:52 in you know where you going Laurel Canyon was an incredibly interesting
469:54 Canyon was an incredibly interesting place to live in those days I lived on
469:57 place to live in those days I lived on Lookout Mountain with Joan
469:59 Lookout Mountain with Joan Crosby was close Steven was close now it
470:02 Crosby was close Steven was close now it was all these artists who were singing
470:04 was all these artists who were singing the truth and their truth was this idic
470:07 the truth and their truth was this idic sort of sense of Freedom there was a a
470:09 sort of sense of Freedom there was a a thriving community of kids that were
470:12 thriving community of kids that were discovering their new life and couldn't
470:14 discovering their new life and couldn't wait to play you the new song that
470:15 wait to play you the new song that they'd written there was a lot of
470:17 they'd written there was a lot of freedom there was a lot of drugs there
470:20 freedom there was a lot of drugs there was a lot of beautiful women there was a
470:22 was a lot of beautiful women there was a lot of good rock and roll being
470:24 lot of good rock and roll being made was a fabulous time
470:45 you River these are students at a Suburban
470:48 River these are students at a Suburban High School in Los Angeles they reflect
470:51 High School in Los Angeles they reflect the Sun sensuality and affluence which
470:53 the Sun sensuality and affluence which dominate life in Southern California the
470:56 dominate life in Southern California the latest fad is the s said strip during
471:00 latest fad is the s said strip during the past year it has become a playground
471:02 the past year it has become a playground for Southern California's mobile
471:04 for Southern California's mobile Restless teenagers it is the place to go
471:08 Restless teenagers it is the place to go people would meet down at clubs on the
471:10 people would meet down at clubs on the Sunset Strip and they would go to the
471:13 Sunset Strip and they would go to the trip or they would go to the the whiskey
471:16 trip or they would go to the the whiskey goo it was a real
471:19 goo it was a real happening we changed from a culture of
471:22 happening we changed from a culture of grownups that sort of look down on Kids
471:25 grownups that sort of look down on Kids to Kids leading it is the creation of
471:30 to Kids leading it is the creation of the teenager and the Revolution
471:33 the teenager and the Revolution [Music]
471:44 [Music] begins the Los Angeles County Sheriff's
471:46 begins the Los Angeles County Sheriff's office has begun Foot Patrol on the
471:48 office has begun Foot Patrol on the Sunset Strip to cope with the growing
471:51 Sunset Strip to cope with the growing influx of youngsters the notion of
471:54 influx of youngsters the notion of teenagers who had a culture of their own
471:56 teenagers who had a culture of their own that weren't listening to their parents'
471:58 that weren't listening to their parents' music kind of opens up this giant space
472:01 music kind of opens up this giant space for rebellions large and small at least
472:04 for rebellions large and small at least 10% of the students have used and are
472:07 10% of the students have used and are using uh marijuana also a very probably
472:10 using uh marijuana also a very probably a very significant thing is that
472:12 a very significant thing is that acceptance is gaining steadily and the
472:15 acceptance is gaining steadily and the usage is really uh increasing very very
472:19 usage is really uh increasing very very rapidly in La we were all kind of you
472:22 rapidly in La we were all kind of you know smoking God's herb whereas up in
472:24 know smoking God's herb whereas up in San Francisco it seemed like they were
472:26 San Francisco it seemed like they were they were experimenting more with mind
472:29 they were experimenting more with mind expansion you
472:40 know Ken key took classes of writing at Stanford University and he writes the
472:42 Stanford University and he writes the great novel one FL the cuckoo nest and
472:45 great novel one FL the cuckoo nest and this makes KY a celebrity while at
472:48 this makes KY a celebrity while at Stanford I was uh given the opportunity
472:53 Stanford I was uh given the opportunity to go to the Stanford hospital and uh
472:56 to go to the Stanford hospital and uh take part in the LSD experiments KY had
472:59 take part in the LSD experiments KY had volunteered to do test for LSD a
473:03 volunteered to do test for LSD a government sponsored test LSD was
473:05 government sponsored test LSD was isolated by stolen Hoffman in a Sandos
473:08 isolated by stolen Hoffman in a Sandos pharmaceutical company of basen
473:10 pharmaceutical company of basen Switzerland do you feel
473:12 Switzerland do you feel happy is no you must be because you have
473:15 happy is no you must be because you have tears in your
473:22 eyes is that a beautiful experience would you
473:29 say I would say yes some people think it's when key discovers LSD that the
473:32 it's when key discovers LSD that the counterculture in California is born
473:35 counterculture in California is born because more and more people then want
473:36 because more and more people then want to try to experience what key
473:38 to try to experience what key experienced and he becomes a promoter of
473:48 it KY created a drug commune at Londa which is an hour from San
473:50 which is an hour from San Francisco great artist loves smashing
473:54 Francisco great artist loves smashing traditions and it his best key was doing
473:57 traditions and it his best key was doing that everybody would have this communal
474:00 that everybody would have this communal LSD trip together Tom Wolf would write
474:02 LSD trip together Tom Wolf would write the Electric Kool-Aid AET test about it
474:05 the Electric Kool-Aid AET test about it people were constantly slipping drugs
474:06 people were constantly slipping drugs into my food the number of times that I
474:09 into my food the number of times that I would get up I what the hell had
474:10 would get up I what the hell had happened to me they thought they'd do me
474:11 happened to me they thought they'd do me a favor they were having the World's
474:14 a favor they were having the World's Fair in New York so bunch of us were
474:15 Fair in New York so bunch of us were going to go but the bunch of us were too
474:18 going to go but the bunch of us were too big to fit in his station wagon so he
474:20 big to fit in his station wagon so he bought this converted School
474:27 Bus he was going to put the bus in daylow bright colors and then go what he
474:30 daylow bright colors and then go what he called unsettling America blowing
474:32 called unsettling America blowing people's minds the whole idea of blowing
474:35 people's minds the whole idea of blowing people's minds was that you have to
474:37 people's minds was that you have to present something to them that is so
474:39 present something to them that is so different there's a crack comes open
474:42 different there's a crack comes open where something new can come in and the
474:44 where something new can come in and the reaction to all these people was
474:45 reaction to all these people was wonderful because what it was in 1964
474:48 wonderful because what it was in 1964 there was no other thing like this
474:50 there was no other thing like this happening it's part of a kind of
474:53 happening it's part of a kind of cultural revolution going on making the
474:56 cultural revolution going on making the squares pay notice to this underground
475:00 squares pay notice to this underground of
475:01 of [Music]
475:02 [Music] America when we got to New York City
475:05 America when we got to New York City which is the home of the Beats where
475:07 which is the home of the Beats where kowak lived and picked him up because we
475:10 kowak lived and picked him up because we were in his presence we were just acting
475:13 were in his presence we were just acting as goofy as we could playing music
475:15 as goofy as we could playing music putting on costumes doing all kinds of
475:17 putting on costumes doing all kinds of Acts and stuff like that and and carak
475:20 Acts and stuff like that and and carak sat on the couch drinking a big tall
475:22 sat on the couch drinking a big tall Budweiser he was obviously not an
475:26 Budweiser he was obviously not an enthusiastic guy
475:28 enthusiastic guy those beats they had done their thing
475:30 those beats they had done their thing you know I really felt like the torch
475:32 you know I really felt like the torch had been passed from those guys to the
475:35 had been passed from those guys to the Psychedelic
475:37 Psychedelic generation KY in many ways was very
475:39 generation KY in many ways was very Messianic and he started feeling that
475:42 Messianic and he started feeling that acid would allow you to see a larger
475:44 acid would allow you to see a larger truth and they started saying let's get
475:46 truth and they started saying let's get as many people to try LST as you can and
475:49 as many people to try LST as you can and so we started running Halls we called
475:52 so we started running Halls we called the thing the acid test and the band of
475:54 the thing the acid test and the band of course was known as the warlocks as time
475:57 course was known as the warlocks as time went on they Chang their name to the
475:59 went on they Chang their name to the Grateful
475:59 Grateful [Music]
476:10 [Music] Dead LSD was not an illegal drug when
476:13 Dead LSD was not an illegal drug when key held these acid test as they were
476:16 key held these acid test as they were known they'd have two Vats one was punch
476:20 known they'd have two Vats one was punch and one was punch with LSD he asset test
476:23 and one was punch with LSD he asset test were like a party the scene is a lot of
476:25 were like a party the scene is a lot of light shows and music and people
476:29 light shows and music and people dancing and when the dead were playing
476:32 dancing and when the dead were playing it was a way to feel that acid in
476:37 it was a way to feel that acid in waves and I looked down and I saw kids
476:40 waves and I looked down and I saw kids in front of me moving to the music they
476:42 in front of me moving to the music they looked up at me and I
476:44 looked up at me and I said
476:49 [Applause] [Music]
476:55 [Music] yeah the drug culture really took hold
476:59 yeah the drug culture really took hold and that's where artists whether was a
477:00 and that's where artists whether was a Grateful Dead Or Jefferson Airplane were
477:03 Grateful Dead Or Jefferson Airplane were able to embrace it and put it in their
477:04 able to embrace it and put it in their music the counterculture in California
477:07 music the counterculture in California is born because more and more people
477:10 is born because more and more people then want to try to experience what key
477:12 then want to try to experience what key experience and he became the kind of
477:14 experience and he became the kind of Grand Puba of the carnival of San
477:17 Grand Puba of the carnival of San Francisco in the' 60s there's nothing U
477:20 Francisco in the' 60s there's nothing U grown up or sophisticated in taking an
477:23 grown up or sophisticated in taking an LSD trip at all they're just being
477:25 LSD trip at all they're just being complete fools
477:38 CBS news without any flowers in its hair is in San Francisco because this city
477:40 is in San Francisco because this city has gained the reputation of being the
477:42 has gained the reputation of being the hippie capital of the
477:44 hippie capital of the [Music]
477:46 [Music] world I got accepted in San Francisco
477:49 world I got accepted in San Francisco State and I found an apartment at haon
477:52 State and I found an apartment at haon Clayton Street right in the center of
477:55 Clayton Street right in the center of what would become the hate Ashbury the
477:57 what would become the hate Ashbury the psych iic shop on ha Street started just
478:00 psych iic shop on ha Street started just over a year ago it spreads the gospel of
478:02 over a year ago it spreads the gospel of a dreamy new Utopia based on brotherhood
478:05 a dreamy new Utopia based on brotherhood and love and LSD so all the people out
478:07 and love and LSD so all the people out there that are that are confused and
478:09 there that are that are confused and hungry for some kind of spiritual
478:11 hungry for some kind of spiritual meaning life that's why all these people
478:13 meaning life that's why all these people are down here that's why there's so much
478:15 are down here that's why there's so much interest in the hate ashar because it
478:16 interest in the hate ashar because it offers some kind of hope we moved up and
478:19 offers some kind of hope we moved up and lived right down the street from the
478:21 lived right down the street from the psychedelic shop and people were growing
478:23 psychedelic shop and people were growing their hair along they were wearing beads
478:25 their hair along they were wearing beads they were playing music on the street it
478:27 they were playing music on the street it was just an incredible environment at
478:30 was just an incredible environment at that point at the beginning that's when
478:32 that point at the beginning that's when it was just like one big giant family
478:36 it was just like one big giant family before you knew it it was a congregating
478:38 before you knew it it was a congregating place for artists and the dividing line
478:41 place for artists and the dividing line seemed to be the Psychedelic experience
478:43 seemed to be the Psychedelic experience you couldn't understand the posters you
478:45 you couldn't understand the posters you couldn't understand the Fashions you
478:47 couldn't understand the Fashions you couldn't understand anything if you
478:50 couldn't understand anything if you hadn't gotten high the diggers group
478:53 hadn't gotten high the diggers group scres food and money to feed free those
478:56 scres food and money to feed free those who arrive in panhandle Park with a bowl
478:59 who arrive in panhandle Park with a bowl and an appetite diggers are people who
479:01 and an appetite diggers are people who share says their Manifesto and their aim
479:04 share says their Manifesto and their aim is a society where everything is shared
479:06 is a society where everything is shared everything free the diggers were one of
479:08 everything free the diggers were one of the first groups that were into social
479:11 the first groups that were into social Consciousness about what was needed to
479:13 Consciousness about what was needed to take care of this huge group of people
479:15 take care of this huge group of people that were coming into the ha ashburg
479:18 that were coming into the ha ashburg their free shop looks more like a
479:19 their free shop looks more like a playground at First Sight here they make
479:21 playground at First Sight here they make sheets and clothes for other hippies who
479:23 sheets and clothes for other hippies who can come and take what they want without
479:26 can come and take what they want without paying anything for it everything in the
479:28 paying anything for it everything in the store was free tools clothing
479:32 store was free tools clothing televisions and so we were inviting
479:34 televisions and so we were inviting people to imagine a way of life that
479:36 people to imagine a way of life that would please them and then to make it
479:38 would please them and then to make it real by doing it what we're thinking
479:40 real by doing it what we're thinking about as a peaceful Planet we're not
479:42 about as a peaceful Planet we're not thinking about anything else we're not
479:43 thinking about anything else we're not thinking about any kind of power we're
479:44 thinking about any kind of power we're not thinking about any of those kind of
479:46 not thinking about any of those kind of struggles we're not thinking about
479:47 struggles we're not thinking about Revolution or war or any of that that's
479:49 Revolution or war or any of that that's not what we want nobody wants to get
479:51 not what we want nobody wants to get hurt nobody wants to hurt anybody we
479:54 hurt nobody wants to hurt anybody we would all like to be able to live an
479:55 would all like to be able to live an uncluttered life a simple life a good
479:58 uncluttered life a simple life a good life you know and like think about
480:00 life you know and like think about moving the whole human race ahead a step
480:02 moving the whole human race ahead a step or a few steps we wanted to learn more
480:05 or a few steps we wanted to learn more about the real meaning of life why are
480:08 about the real meaning of life why are we here certainly not to kill each other
480:11 we here certainly not to kill each other but here to celebrate life to make music
480:14 but here to celebrate life to make music and do art and love each
480:17 and do art and love each other these people are hippies they
480:20 other these people are hippies they represent a new form of social
480:22 represent a new form of social Rebellion it is hard to figure out what
480:25 Rebellion it is hard to figure out what positive things they are in favor of
480:28 positive things they are in favor of the reason we can no longer identify
480:31 the reason we can no longer identify with the kinds of activities that that
480:33 with the kinds of activities that that the older generation are engaged in is
480:36 the older generation are engaged in is because those activities are are for us
480:39 because those activities are are for us meaningless uh they have led to a uh uh
480:42 meaningless uh they have led to a uh uh a monstrous war in Vietnam for example
480:46 a monstrous war in Vietnam for example we did want change from war from rigid
480:51 we did want change from war from rigid ideas of what the Sexes ought to be
480:54 ideas of what the Sexes ought to be doing a change from black people ought
480:57 doing a change from black people ought to be here and white people ought to be
480:58 to be here and white people ought to be here no why can't we try and make that
481:01 here no why can't we try and make that work the hate ashbery Community has
481:03 work the hate ashbery Community has created the council for a Summer of Love
481:05 created the council for a Summer of Love in San Francisco the council is calling
481:08 in San Francisco the council is calling for Creative love happenings for every
481:11 for Creative love happenings for every weekend throughout the summer we ask all
481:13 weekend throughout the summer we ask all who come here to come here in love and
481:15 who come here to come here in love and we ask all who live here to greet all
481:17 we ask all who live here to greet all men with love they at their best are
481:20 men with love they at their best are trying for a kind of group sainthood and
481:23 trying for a kind of group sainthood and Saints running in groups are likely to
481:24 Saints running in groups are likely to be
481:25 be ludicrous they depend on hallucination
481:28 ludicrous they depend on hallucination for their philosophy this is not a new
481:30 for their philosophy this is not a new idea and it has never
481:32 idea and it has never worked it was sort of a divide of
481:35 worked it was sort of a divide of generations a lot of mistrust young
481:37 generations a lot of mistrust young people didn't uh trust old people old
481:40 people didn't uh trust old people old people didn't understand young people
481:41 people didn't understand young people what's so offensive about long hair it
481:44 what's so offensive about long hair it looks sloppy
481:52 [Applause] just it doesn't it doesn't differentiate
481:55 just it doesn't it doesn't differentiate the boys from the girls enough we didn't
481:57 the boys from the girls enough we didn't call ourselves hippies the hippies are a
482:01 call ourselves hippies the hippies are a fabrication they were an attempt to
482:04 fabrication they were an attempt to diminish young adults and infantilizes
482:07 diminish young adults and infantilizes and it certainly serves to exclude the
482:10 and it certainly serves to exclude the people that were deeply thoughtful about
482:11 people that were deeply thoughtful about the world that were ready to dedicate
482:14 the world that were ready to dedicate their lives to making change and that
482:16 their lives to making change and that questioned the Paradigm of materialism
482:19 questioned the Paradigm of materialism look around you nothing
482:20 look around you nothing works the only thing where a kid is
482:23 works the only thing where a kid is presented with is when you grow up look
482:25 presented with is when you grow up look you know uh you can join the Army you
482:27 you know uh you can join the Army you can go to War you can get a gig working
482:29 can go to War you can get a gig working as an engineer and become a vegetable
482:31 as an engineer and become a vegetable and drive to work in your own car your
482:33 and drive to work in your own car your own big metal box and you know just it
482:35 own big metal box and you know just it looks absurd you know people in their
482:37 looks absurd you know people in their metal boxes like this going all over
482:39 metal boxes like this going all over from job to job frustrated uptight
482:43 from job to job frustrated uptight uh what Joy is there in life life should
482:46 uh what Joy is there in life life should be life is should is and should be
482:50 be life is should is and should be ecstasy the counterculture had the
482:53 ecstasy the counterculture had the arrogance to tell everybody else what
482:55 arrogance to tell everybody else what they were doing is wrong and nobody
482:57 they were doing is wrong and nobody likes that it's estimated that anywhere
483:01 likes that it's estimated that anywhere from 10 to 200,000 youngsters May pour
483:04 from 10 to 200,000 youngsters May pour in to hate ashy this summer many people
483:07 in to hate ashy this summer many people are apprehensive they fear that black
483:10 are apprehensive they fear that black power or other political activist groups
483:12 power or other political activist groups may use hate Street as a stage setting
483:15 may use hate Street as a stage setting for riots hate Ashbury cannot handle
483:17 for riots hate Ashbury cannot handle 100,000 because there isn't room the
483:20 100,000 because there isn't room the tension between the government and the
483:22 tension between the government and the people began to be evident nobody should
483:25 people began to be evident nobody should let their young children come into San
483:27 let their young children come into San Francisco go unsupervised to become a
483:30 Francisco go unsupervised to become a part of a group such as that they're
483:32 part of a group such as that they're fascist as far as I'm concerned and they
483:35 fascist as far as I'm concerned and they they don't they don't like hippies and
483:36 they don't they don't like hippies and they don't like the things we do and
483:38 they don't like the things we do and they try to harass us and bother us in
483:41 they try to harass us and bother us in some way their Revolutions a war between
483:43 some way their Revolutions a war between Generations the hippie's rallying cry is
483:46 Generations the hippie's rallying cry is never trust anyone over 30 the war of
483:49 never trust anyone over 30 the war of youth culture Against The Establishment
483:51 youth culture Against The Establishment is in full swing on every front about
483:54 is in full swing on every front about four policemen and a plane cloan came in
483:56 four policemen and a plane cloan came in and said everybody get out everybody get
483:57 and said everybody get out everybody get out the store is closed they wouldn't
483:58 out the store is closed they wouldn't give a reason they wouldn't identify you
484:00 give a reason they wouldn't identify you know under what uh premise they were
484:01 know under what uh premise they were doing this when we asked them they
484:03 doing this when we asked them they started pushing people around they
484:04 started pushing people around they pushed people physically out of the
484:05 pushed people physically out of the store the mayor is this is really very
484:07 store the mayor is this is really very Insidious what he's up to he wants to
484:09 Insidious what he's up to he wants to stop human growth the hippie leaders say
484:13 stop human growth the hippie leaders say all will be well flower power will
484:16 all will be well flower power will prevail they say it will be a Summer of
484:18 prevail they say it will be a Summer of Love a great pilgrimage hopefully
484:21 Love a great pilgrimage hopefully they'll be right if it's necessary to
484:23 they'll be right if it's necessary to bring in National Guard I'll bring in
484:26 bring in National Guard I'll bring in National Guard I'll use whatever force
484:29 National Guard I'll use whatever force is
484:38 necessary we now seem to be witnessing in this country and elsewhere an intense
484:41 in this country and elsewhere an intense preoccupation with the pursuit of
484:43 preoccupation with the pursuit of pleasure call it Hedonism call it
484:45 pleasure call it Hedonism call it self-gratification call it what you will
484:48 self-gratification call it what you will you cannot avoid noticing it you may not
484:51 you cannot avoid noticing it you may not like it you may not accept it but you
484:53 like it you may not accept it but you cannot ignore it a change in Morality
484:58 cannot ignore it a change in Morality mil
485:00 mil high and when touch
485:04 high and when touch down
485:06 down you turn on tune in drop
485:10 you turn on tune in drop out I spent some time in New York and I
485:14 out I spent some time in New York and I spent some time in London and I'm here
485:15 spent some time in London and I'm here to tell you it's happening all
485:18 to tell you it's happening all over in any large city there were other
485:22 over in any large city there were other hate Ash Brees which people could point
485:24 hate Ash Brees which people could point to see we're on the map we're big and
485:27 to see we're on the map we're big and we're far more interesting than what you
485:29 we're far more interesting than what you all have to
485:32 all have to [Music]
485:47 offer how do you answer the questions of parents who are concerned about the use
485:49 parents who are concerned about the use of LSD and marijuana for their children
485:52 of LSD and marijuana for their children these are young people who are hungering
485:54 these are young people who are hungering for older people for their parents to
485:56 for older people for their parents to listen to them these these youngsters
485:58 listen to them these these youngsters want to share with their parents the uh
486:01 want to share with their parents the uh Grandeur and the glory that they are
486:02 Grandeur and the glory that they are encountering and perhaps uh eventually
486:05 encountering and perhaps uh eventually when you're spiritually ready you'll
486:07 when you're spiritually ready you'll turn on with your children if you think
486:08 turn on with your children if you think that's the right thing to
486:09 that's the right thing to [Music]
486:22 [Music] do montere pop it was the absolute
486:25 do montere pop it was the absolute ultimate lovein
486:29 ultimate lovein [Music]
486:48 looking the best Festival that I've played pretty much ever is uh mod pop f
487:02 montere hit like lightning popular music was changing and it become something
487:04 was changing and it become something different and there was a whole new
487:06 different and there was a whole new generation of people that wanted to
487:09 generation of people that wanted to march with it it said get on board we're
487:12 march with it it said get on board we're leaving
487:13 leaving town we you going
487:16 town we you going to and I want you love you I want to
487:19 to and I want you love you I want to love
487:21 love you
487:28 long oh yeah you realize this is Janice Joplin before
487:30 you realize this is Janice Joplin before she was known before she'd ever done her
487:32 she was known before she'd ever done her first album before she'd ever done her
487:35 first album before she'd ever done her first
487:43 [Music] single it's just music at its freshest
487:48 single it's just music at its freshest it's music that is just being born and
487:52 it's music that is just being born and the audience was like
487:54 the audience was like [Music]
488:06 [Music] [Applause]
488:21 beab honey love is like a
488:23 is like a ball and in a ches
488:27 ball and in a ches [Music]
488:51 everything was love and peace and music and the policeman who was in charge
488:54 and the policeman who was in charge brought flowers out to his men and he
488:57 brought flowers out to his men and he said don't bust anybody montere was that
489:01 said don't bust anybody montere was that hippie dream come true culture was
489:04 hippie dream come true culture was changing the hippie movement it was
489:07 changing the hippie movement it was swaying the
489:09 swaying the mainstream this is where the youngsters
489:11 mainstream this is where the youngsters come to buy their clothes and not just
489:13 come to buy their clothes and not just the youngsters it's the young adults and
489:15 the youngsters it's the young adults and the men who are 40 50 and even 60 years
489:18 the men who are 40 50 and even 60 years old in the states pot is going middle
489:21 old in the states pot is going middle class and spreading like prohibition
489:23 class and spreading like prohibition liquor as more and more citizens get
489:25 liquor as more and more citizens get zonked out of their minds the drug cult
489:28 zonked out of their minds the drug cult enters the bloodstream of American life
489:30 enters the bloodstream of American life like it or not we're living in the
489:32 like it or not we're living in the stoned age at its best the
489:35 stoned age at its best the counterculture came in with hard punches
489:37 counterculture came in with hard punches to the mainstream culture people have
489:40 to the mainstream culture people have already changed their minds about
489:43 already changed their minds about contraception abortion premarital sex
489:48 contraception abortion premarital sex the 1960s were absolutely a sexual
489:50 the 1960s were absolutely a sexual Revolution because of the pill women
489:53 Revolution because of the pill women could take charge of their own bodies
489:54 could take charge of their own bodies that they could be sexual that they
489:56 that they could be sexual that they didn't have to get pregnant everything
489:57 didn't have to get pregnant everything sort of coalesces sort of The Perfect
489:59 sort of coalesces sort of The Perfect Storm of societal forces come together
490:02 Storm of societal forces come together here if you love somebody and people
490:06 here if you love somebody and people here love everybody if you want to make
490:09 here love everybody if you want to make love to somebody then you should there's
490:11 love to somebody then you should there's no reason why you shouldn't free love
490:13 no reason why you shouldn't free love was all well and good and there was a
490:15 was all well and good and there was a lot of accidental
490:18 lot of accidental sex but we didn't look at it as Hedonism
490:21 sex but we didn't look at it as Hedonism people were just so open to each other
490:23 people were just so open to each other and and life was beautiful you know and
490:25 and and life was beautiful you know and people weren't judgmental
490:27 people weren't judgmental the mainstream young people for telling
490:30 the mainstream young people for telling their parents you've been prohibiting my
490:32 their parents you've been prohibiting my sexual freedom in the Puritan work ethic
490:35 sexual freedom in the Puritan work ethic is bunk it was clear the rules were
490:38 is bunk it was clear the rules were changing and the rules were really that
490:41 changing and the rules were really that there were no
490:46 [Music] rules this CNN original series The 6s is
490:52 rules this CNN original series The 6s is brought to you by go long.com
490:55 brought to you by go long.com [Music]
491:11 hey uh the topic tonight is the hippies we have with us uh Mr J Jack Kwak over
491:14 we have with us uh Mr J Jack Kwak over here who is said to have started the
491:16 here who is said to have started the whole Beat Generation business Jack Kwak
491:20 whole Beat Generation business Jack Kwak never wanted to be a prophet he wanted
491:22 never wanted to be a prophet he wanted to be a great American writer but Fame
491:24 to be a great American writer but Fame destroys people in America to what
491:26 destroys people in America to what extent do you believe that the Beat
491:29 extent do you believe that the Beat Generation is
491:32 Generation is related to the to the hippies what do
491:36 related to the to the hippies what do they have in common was this an
491:38 they have in common was this an evolution from the one to the other just
491:40 evolution from the one to the other just the older ones yeah I'm 46 years old
491:42 the older ones yeah I'm 46 years old these kids are 18 the B generation was a
491:45 these kids are 18 the B generation was a a generation of beatitude and pleasure
491:49 a generation of beatitude and pleasure in life and
491:51 in life and tenderness I believe in
491:54 tenderness I believe in order and
491:56 order and piety here's the progenitor really of
491:58 piety here's the progenitor really of the counterculture kind of disowning his
492:00 the counterculture kind of disowning his own babies and try to make sense of a
492:03 own babies and try to make sense of a decade the 60s that he didn't feel um
492:06 decade the 60s that he didn't feel um parried to apparently some kind of Dion
492:09 parried to apparently some kind of Dion Ian movement and which I did not intend
492:12 Ian movement and which I did not intend this was pure in my
492:14 this was pure in my heart
492:17 heart all all sorts of people have been
492:19 all all sorts of people have been writing various articles about the
492:22 writing various articles about the hippies usually about the hippies as if
492:24 hippies usually about the hippies as if they were animals something to look at
492:26 they were animals something to look at thus we've got gotten hundreds and
492:28 thus we've got gotten hundreds and literally thousands of people coming up
492:30 literally thousands of people coming up to ha Ashbury to watch people makes hate
492:33 to ha Ashbury to watch people makes hate Ashbury uh a terribly unpleasant place
492:35 Ashbury uh a terribly unpleasant place to be
492:36 to be in the news got out about the hate
492:39 in the news got out about the hate ashbery it became overrun we're now
492:42 ashbery it became overrun we're now entering what is known as the largest
492:45 entering what is known as the largest hippie colony in the world Fountain Head
492:49 hippie colony in the world Fountain Head of the hippie
492:51 of the hippie subculture the nickname is Hash berries
492:55 subculture the nickname is Hash berries and marijuana of course
492:58 and marijuana of course with
492:59 with LSD is being
493:01 LSD is being used literally people made the trip to
493:04 used literally people made the trip to San Francisco to be a part of something
493:07 San Francisco to be a part of something but by the time they got there that trip
493:09 but by the time they got there that trip was
493:14 over this is the latest stage in the evolution of the hippie movement the
493:16 evolution of the hippie movement the hippies are trying to get away so they
493:19 hippies are trying to get away so they go out to a cabin in the countryside and
493:20 go out to a cabin in the countryside and start a commune here they can get away
493:23 start a commune here they can get away from the tourists and the reporters who
493:25 from the tourists and the reporters who Badger them in San Francisco
493:28 Badger them in San Francisco communes have started and this is really
493:31 communes have started and this is really what the hippie movement was all about
493:32 what the hippie movement was all about an idea of sharing everything clothes
493:35 an idea of sharing everything clothes and food and everything people could
493:36 and food and everything people could just help themselves you know we lived
493:38 just help themselves you know we lived communally because it was the cheapest
493:40 communally because it was the cheapest way to live a lot of people began to
493:42 way to live a lot of people began to clarify and simplify their lives what
493:45 clarify and simplify their lives what will follow this dispersal of the hippie
493:47 will follow this dispersal of the hippie movement to the countryside is hard to
493:49 movement to the countryside is hard to predict they may be as they say coming
493:52 predict they may be as they say coming here to build the foundations for a new
493:54 here to build the foundations for a new Society in this nation
493:57 Society in this nation or they may be coming like the woolly
494:00 or they may be coming like the woolly mammoth to find their own
494:02 mammoth to find their own Extinction down where the
494:04 Extinction down where the woodwi that's where I meet my love down
494:08 woodwi that's where I meet my love down where the Sun never shine down in the
494:11 where the Sun never shine down in the woods where the wood
494:14 woods where the wood B I was working for the New York Times
494:17 B I was working for the New York Times in the cat skills and it were just a
494:20 in the cat skills and it were just a couple of us going up there as we went
494:23 couple of us going up there as we went north of the city we began to run into
494:26 north of the city we began to run into traffic jams I found a Say cop I what
494:29 traffic jams I found a Say cop I what the hell is going on he says I don't
494:31 the hell is going on he says I don't know there were thousands of people here
494:34 know there were thousands of people here and they're all going to some
494:36 and they're all going to some farm and it was of course
494:39 farm and it was of course [Music]
494:45 [Music] Woodstock I think Woodstock was an
494:47 Woodstock I think Woodstock was an opportunity for people to realize they
494:50 opportunity for people to realize they weren't alone a lot of people who in
494:52 weren't alone a lot of people who in their Hometown or in their family felt
494:54 their Hometown or in their family felt isolated realized they weren't
494:58 isolated realized they weren't the town's people quite frankly were
495:00 the town's people quite frankly were terrified at the prospect of the hippy
495:02 terrified at the prospect of the hippy arrival I is apprehensive this little
495:05 arrival I is apprehensive this little Hamlet has a population of under 100
495:08 Hamlet has a population of under 100 people when I started hearing the
495:10 people when I started hearing the figures of 200,000 300 finally 500,000
495:14 figures of 200,000 300 finally 500,000 we had a sea of people
495:17 we had a sea of people there the word got out everybody in
495:21 there the word got out everybody in their brother came from all over the
495:23 their brother came from all over the country
495:30 first the sudden rain then the thirst and hunger from the shortage of water
495:32 and hunger from the shortage of water and food just for the opportunity to
495:35 and food just for the opportunity to spend a few days in the country getting
495:37 spend a few days in the country getting stoned on their drugs and grooving on
495:39 stoned on their drugs and grooving on the music we got together and had a
495:42 the music we got together and had a little pow out about what are we going
495:43 little pow out about what are we going to do to feed these people we went into
495:46 to do to feed these people we went into New York and buying 1500 lb of buer weed
495:49 New York and buying 1500 lb of buer weed 1500 lb of rolled oats 130,000 paper
495:52 1500 lb of rolled oats 130,000 paper plates 130,000 Dixie Cups and I believe
495:56 plates 130,000 Dixie Cups and I believe we ser served 200,000 people by now
496:00 we ser served 200,000 people by now there are tens of millions of people who
496:02 there are tens of millions of people who feel themselves to be an irresistible
496:06 feel themselves to be an irresistible River of change and you get something
496:10 River of change and you get something incandescent fre
496:14 incandescent fre freedom
496:16 freedom freedom
496:18 freedom freedom
496:20 freedom freedom
496:21 freedom freedom
496:23 freedom freedom freedom
496:27 freedom freedom freedom
496:29 freedom freedom
496:31 freedom freom
496:33 freom freedom
496:34 freedom [Music]
496:37 [Music] freedom
496:39 freedom freed
496:41 freed freed
496:48 Freedom we'd had lovein in LA on the weekends where everybody gets dressed up
496:49 weekends where everybody gets dressed up and goes to the park and brings an
496:51 and goes to the park and brings an instrument but to see hundreds of
496:53 instrument but to see hundreds of thousands of people like a meeting of
496:56 thousands of people like a meeting of all the tribe from all over the country
496:58 all the tribe from all over the country boy we didn't know there were so many of
497:00 boy we didn't know there were so many of us that felt the
497:09 same we must be in heaven man a rock music festival that Drew
497:12 man a rock music festival that Drew hundreds of thousands of young people to
497:14 hundreds of thousands of young people to a dairy farm in White Lake New York over
497:16 a dairy farm in White Lake New York over the weekend came to an end today
497:18 the weekend came to an end today admittedly there was marijuana as well
497:20 admittedly there was marijuana as well as music at the rock festival but there
497:22 as music at the rock festival but there was also no rioting what did not happen
497:25 was also no rioting what did not happen at that dairy farm is possibly more
497:27 at that dairy farm is possibly more significant than what did happen these
497:29 significant than what did happen these long-haired mostly white kids in their
497:32 long-haired mostly white kids in their blue jeans and sandals were no wide-eyed
497:34 blue jeans and sandals were no wide-eyed anarchists looking for trouble they
497:37 anarchists looking for trouble they remained polite residents and Resorts
497:39 remained polite residents and Resorts freely emptied their cupboards for the
497:41 freely emptied their cupboards for the kids Merchants were stunned by their
497:43 kids Merchants were stunned by their politeness and while such a spectacle
497:45 politeness and while such a spectacle may never happen again it has recorded
497:48 may never happen again it has recorded the growing proportions of this youthful
497:50 the growing proportions of this youthful culture in the mind of adult America
497:54 culture in the mind of adult America whenever you see a phenomenon especially
497:57 whenever you see a phenomenon especially if you're living in it at the time you
497:59 if you're living in it at the time you tend to think that's the arrival this is
498:02 tend to think that's the arrival this is the dawning and the start of something
498:04 the dawning and the start of something new unfortunately Woodstock just marked
498:07 new unfortunately Woodstock just marked the end of
498:14 it is this going to be Woodstock West well it's going to be San
498:20 Francisco Woodstock was followed by Altimont you know only a few months
498:22 Altimont you know only a few months later and there couldn't have been two
498:25 later and there couldn't have been two more different concerts
498:33 the we had had the Hell's Angels be security at a number of free in the Park
498:35 security at a number of free in the Park concerts that we had done and they were
498:37 concerts that we had done and they were fine they were funny they were doing
498:39 fine they were funny they were doing what they were supposed to do so we
498:42 what they were supposed to do so we suggested using Hell's Angels
498:46 suggested using Hell's Angels [Music]
498:59 what happened was a lot of speed and alcohol that's a deadly combination for
499:03 alcohol that's a deadly combination for [Music]
499:06 [Music] bikers
499:09 bikers Qui Marty said the FW to one of the
499:12 Qui Marty said the FW to one of the Hell's Angels while we were on stage the
499:15 Hell's Angels while we were on stage the Hell's Angel knocks him down that was
499:18 Hell's Angel knocks him down that was just the beginning I'd like to mention
499:21 just the beginning I'd like to mention that the Hell's Angels just uh smashed
499:23 that the Hell's Angels just uh smashed Marty Balon in the face knocked him out
499:25 Marty Balon in the face knocked him out for a bit I'd like to thank you for that
499:28 for a bit I'd like to thank you for that you're talking to me I'm going to talk
499:29 you're talking to me I'm going to talk to you not talking to you man I'm
499:30 to you not talking to you man I'm talking to the people that hit my lead
499:31 talking to the people that hit my lead singer in head you're talking to my
499:32 singer in head you're talking to my people now let me tell you what's
499:34 people now let me tell you what's happening you what's
499:41 happening no makes you
499:44 no makes you larger and one p makes you
499:48 larger and one p makes you small and the ones that mother gives you
499:53 small and the ones that mother gives you don't do anything
500:01 oh that's what the story is here yeah oh bummer really I mean like get scary
500:03 bummer really I mean like get scary who's doing all the
500:05 who's doing all the beel angel are doing beat musicians got
500:09 beel angel are doing beat musicians got [Music]
500:16 [Applause] [Music]
500:20 [Music]
500:23 up when we left it was dark and the Rolling Stones were on and we were on a
500:26 Rolling Stones were on and we were on a helicopter
500:27 helicopter Paul cner looked down he said wow it
500:29 Paul cner looked down he said wow it looks like somebody's getting killed
500:30 looks like somebody's getting killed down there he was right they were
500:34 down there he was right they were [Applause]
500:35 [Applause] [Music]
500:44 [Music] [Applause]
500:59 in California five members of a so-called religious cult including
501:01 so-called religious cult including Charles Manson The Guru or high priest
501:04 Charles Manson The Guru or high priest have been indicted in the murder of
501:06 have been indicted in the murder of Sharon Tate and six others all the
501:09 Sharon Tate and six others all the elements are present for one of the most
501:11 elements are present for one of the most Sensational murder trials in American
501:13 Sensational murder trials in American history seven people brutally murdered
501:15 history seven people brutally murdered in a glare of Hollywood publicity the
501:18 in a glare of Hollywood publicity the involvement of a mystical hippie Clan
501:20 involvement of a mystical hippie Clan which despised the straight affluent
501:22 which despised the straight affluent society young girls supposedly under the
501:25 society young girls supposedly under the spell of a bearded sengal who allegedly
501:27 spell of a bearded sengal who allegedly masterminded the seven
501:35 murders honey what sun shining this morning it is yeah Charles Manson
501:38 morning it is yeah Charles Manson cleverly masqueraded behind the common
501:41 cleverly masqueraded behind the common image of being a hippie goes up to the
501:43 image of being a hippie goes up to the hate ashb District surrounds himself
501:45 hate ashb District surrounds himself with a young bunch of followers their
501:47 with a young bunch of followers their lifestyle was sex orgies and LSD trips
501:50 lifestyle was sex orgies and LSD trips eventually he gets him mass murder for
501:52 eventually he gets him mass murder for him with blood the killer had scrolled
501:55 him with blood the killer had scrolled on the refrigerator door or the words
501:57 on the refrigerator door or the words death to pigs you see prior to these
502:00 death to pigs you see prior to these murders no one Associated hippies with
502:04 murders no one Associated hippies with violence and murder people would pick up
502:05 violence and murder people would pick up a hitchhiking hippie there was there was
502:07 a hitchhiking hippie there was there was no big deal but after the Manson Murders
502:10 no big deal but after the Manson Murders you saw a hippie with long hair
502:12 you saw a hippie with long hair hitchhiking and the image of Manson
502:14 hitchhiking and the image of Manson would enter the driver's mind and they'
502:16 would enter the driver's mind and they' drive right
502:17 drive right by by the time of Charles Manson and
502:20 by by the time of Charles Manson and watching altmont and seeing what
502:22 watching altmont and seeing what happened there it symbolizes the drained
502:25 happened there it symbolizes the drained idealism of the spiritual quest of the
502:27 idealism of the spiritual quest of the beats and early
502:31 beats and early hippies today the magic is gone aimless
502:34 hippies today the magic is gone aimless and disorganized the hippies have fallen
502:36 and disorganized the hippies have fallen prey to their own free spirit free love
502:38 prey to their own free spirit free love free drugs and too much free publicity
502:40 free drugs and too much free publicity have gradually corrupted them has
502:42 have gradually corrupted them has something happened to ha Ashbury since
502:43 something happened to ha Ashbury since last year we we hear it's not the same
502:45 last year we we hear it's not the same place well no it isn't the lovein
502:47 place well no it isn't the lovein brought more and more people and then
502:50 brought more and more people and then people who are really just bums and just
502:52 people who are really just bums and just were trying to get into a good thing you
502:54 were trying to get into a good thing you know free food free everything and so
502:56 know free food free everything and so they just came in you know and a lot of
502:58 they just came in you know and a lot of really rotten people and so now you've
503:00 really rotten people and so now you've really got a bad thing I mean it used to
503:03 really got a bad thing I mean it used to be you could set your stuff down beside
503:04 be you could set your stuff down beside the road nobody would touch it and now
503:07 the road nobody would touch it and now it got so you couldn't even put your
503:09 it got so you couldn't even put your your things inside of a building
503:10 your things inside of a building somebody would come along and take
503:11 somebody would come along and take everything you had well one day I I woke
503:13 everything you had well one day I I woke up very hungry and you know very dirty
503:16 up very hungry and you know very dirty and tired and disgusted so I decided you
503:19 and tired and disgusted so I decided you know get a job and settle down I get
503:22 know get a job and settle down I get serious Joe's job is making jewelry he's
503:25 serious Joe's job is making jewelry he's been taking a six-month course to learn
503:27 been taking a six-month course to learn how it was hard in the beginning getting
503:30 how it was hard in the beginning getting up at 8:00 every morning and doing all
503:32 up at 8:00 every morning and doing all those changes Joe bought the suit
503:34 those changes Joe bought the suit uncomfortable though it looked will he
503:36 uncomfortable though it looked will he be equally uncomfortable in his new life
503:38 be equally uncomfortable in his new life there have been generation gaps before
503:39 there have been generation gaps before but today's is probably the widest yet
503:42 but today's is probably the widest yet can the Jo of America bridge the gap and
503:43 can the Jo of America bridge the gap and conform without Society making
503:45 conform without Society making concessions in
503:47 concessions in return I'd say there was a common
503:50 return I'd say there was a common element in the counterculture of people
503:52 element in the counterculture of people trying to invent a new world but people
503:55 trying to invent a new world but people mature sure their point of view gets
503:58 mature sure their point of view gets more nuanced the costs start to come due
504:01 more nuanced the costs start to come due children come into the world that idea
504:04 children come into the world that idea of sex drugs and rock and roll it's a
504:06 of sex drugs and rock and roll it's a youth dream then youth dies yet our
504:09 youth dream then youth dies yet our mainstream culture took what it needed
504:11 mainstream culture took what it needed from the hippies the actual movement of
504:14 from the hippies the actual movement of the 60s was the movement towards
504:16 the 60s was the movement towards something more authentic in the 60s we
504:20 something more authentic in the 60s we thought of other people as part of our
504:23 thought of other people as part of our own family we were into caring for
504:26 own family we were into caring for society as a whole this is what the
504:29 society as a whole this is what the revolution is all about Mercy is better
504:31 revolution is all about Mercy is better than Justice the carrot is better than
504:34 than Justice the carrot is better than the stick and the most important lesson
504:36 the stick and the most important lesson is be kind be
504:38 is be kind be kind to me every day was a high
504:41 kind to me every day was a high Watermark we played music all day long
504:44 Watermark we played music all day long we worked we did not have jobs it was
504:47 we worked we did not have jobs it was the most Carefree period of my life
504:50 the most Carefree period of my life Dylan has this great line in an early
504:52 Dylan has this great line in an early song he says I wish I wish I wish in
504:55 song he says I wish I wish I wish in vain that we could sit simply in that
504:57 vain that we could sit simply in that room again $1,000 at the drop of a hat
505:01 room again $1,000 at the drop of a hat I'd give it all gladly if our lives
505:03 I'd give it all gladly if our lives could be like that
505:26 [Music] the Day begin the day start
