Generative AI, while offering powerful capabilities, inherits and amplifies existing societal anxieties, particularly concerning bias, job displacement, and existential risk, though advancements in AI alignment and historical technological trends suggest these concerns can be managed and that AI may ultimately benefit humanity.
Mind Map
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in a short time access to genitive AI
has spread around the world and given
many people the ability to generate high
quality essays pictures and audio with
these amazing capabilities have also
come many concerns about AI I think even
before the rise of gent of AI we've been
living in a time of many anxieties
anxieties about the environment about
the legitimacy and competence of
authority about society's ability to
treat people fairly even about what sort
of future awaits us all AI as a very
powerful technology has inherited a
large share of this anxiety in this
video let's take a look at some of these
anxieties and concern that relate
specifically to AI one Wily held concern
about AI is whether it might amplify
Humanity's worse impulses LMS are
trained on text from the internet which
reflects some of Humanity's best
qualities but also some of its worst
including some of our prejudices hatreds
and misconceptions L's learned some of
these negative qualities too so what
amplify are worse impulses in the first
week we had seen an example of an LM
exhibiting a gender bias with regard to
whether a surgeon or a nurse is more
likely to be male or female to take
another maybe slightly simpler example
if you ask an after his initial training
to fund the blank and the blank was a
COO many models will be prone to choose
the word man and of course this is a
social bias that distorts the fact that
people of all genders can successfully
lead companies text on the internet
represents our present and our past and
so perhaps it's no surprise that an LM
learning from this data reflects some of
these biases from our past and our
present as well but perhaps we want LMS
to represent a hopeful future that is
fairer less biased and more just rather
than just data from our past fortunately
LMS are becoming less biased through
fine-tuning which we discussed in week
two as well as more Advanced Techniques
such as reinforcement learning from
Human feedback or RF in the second week
there was an optional video on RF
whether or not you watch that I'd like
to briefly describe how RF is helping to
make LS less biased RF is a technique
that trains an OM to generate
responses that are more aligned with
human preferences the first step of RF
is to train and answer quality model
called a reward model that automatically
scores answers so in this step of rhf we
would prompt the LM with many queries
like this the blank was a CO and collect
different responses from the LM then we
would ask humans to score these answers
so on a scale of 1 to five we give a
high score to highly desirable answers
like men or women and a low score to
non-sensical answers like airplane and
any answer that contains a gender bias
or racial bias or contains a gender or
racial slur will receive a very low
score using the prompt the responses and
the scores assigned by humans as data we
would then use supervised learning to
train a reward model that can input a a
response and score it we do this because
asking humans to score responses is
expensive but once a supervised learning
algorithm has learned to automatically
score responses we can score a lot of
responses automatically and
inexpensively finally now that the LM
has a learned reward model to score as
many responses as it wants we can have
the LM generate a lot of responses to
many different prompts and have it
further tra train itself to generate
more responses that get high scores and
that therefore reflect answers that
humans perceive as more desirable RF has
been shown to make LMS much less likely
to exhibit bias according to gender race
religion and other human characteristics
it makes LMS less prone to hand out
harmful information and also makes it
more respectful and helpful to people
already today the output of l m are much
safer and less biased than say the
average piece of text on the internet
but technology like this is continuing
to improve and so the degree of an LM
amplifying Humanity's worst qualities is
continue to decrease as they are
becoming better aligned to the future I
think we all hope lm's will reflect of a
fairer less bias and more just World a
second major concern is who Among Us
will be able to make a living when AI
can do our jobs faster and cheaper than
any human can Will AI put many of us out
of a job to understand whether this is
likely to happen let's look at Radiology
in 2016 many years ago Jeff fron who's a
pioneer of deep learning and a friend of
mine said that AI was becoming so good
at analyzing x-ray images that in 5
years it could take radiologist jobs he
made this remarkable statement that if
you work as a radiologist you're like a
coyote that's already over the edge of
the cliff but hasn't yet looked down so
it doesn't realize there's no ground
underneath them people should stop
trading radiologist now it's just
completely obvious that within five
years deep learning is going to do
better than radiologist but we're now
well past 5 years since this statement
and AI is far from replacing radiologist
now the single one of my radiologist
friends has lost their job to AI why is
that two reasons first first
interpreting x-rays turns out to be
harder than the look back then though we
are making rapid progress but second and
more important it turns out that
Radiologists do a lot more than just
interpret x-ray images according to onet
Radiologists do about 30 different toss
one of which is interpreting X-rays and
other medical images but they do many
other TS and it has been difficult so
far for AI to do all of these TS at
human level to list out some of the
other TSS that Radiologists do in
addition to inter x-rays they also
operate Imaging Hardware communicate
exam results with patients or other
stakeholders um respond to complications
during procedure such as if a patient
has a panic attack during the Imaging
procedure they document procedures and
outcomes and many other toss and I think
that AI does have a high potential of
augmenting or assisting the
interpretation of X-rays and technically
this has largely been done with
supervised learning rather than G of AI
but for AI to completely automate all of
these tasks is still far away so that's
why I think that Curtis langlotz who is
a professor of radiology at Stanford
University and a friend and colleague
says it well he said that AI won't
replace Radiologists but radiologist
that use AI will replace Radiologists
that don't and I think we will see this
effect in many other professions mind
you I don't mean to minimize the
challenge of helping many people adopt
AI or the suffering of the much smaller
number of people whose jobs will
disappear or our responsibility to make
sure people affected have a safety net
and an opportunity to learn new skills
but every wave of Technology from the
steam engine to electricity to the
computer has created far more jobs than
it destroyed as I mentioned earlier this
week in most ways of innovation
businesses W out focusing on growth
which has unlimited potential rather
than cost savings so AI will bring a
huge amount of growth and create many
many new jobs in the process and this
brings us to what might be the biggest
anxiety will AI curs all we know that AI
can run a mark self-driving cars have
crashed Le leading to a tragic loss of
life in 2010 an automated trading
algorithm caused the stock market crash
and in the justice system AI has led to
unfair sentencing decisions so we know
that poorly designed software can have a
dramatic impact but can it lead to the
extinction of
humanity I don't see how I know there
are different views on this but recently
I sought out some people concerned by
this question and I spoke of some of the
smartest people in AI did I know some
were concerned about a bad actor using
AI to destroy Humanity Say by creating a
bioweapon others were worried about AI
inadvertently driving Humanity to
Extinction similar to how humans have
driven many other species to Extinction
through simple lack of awareness that
are actions to lead to that outcome I
tried to assess how realistic these
arguments are but they found that they
were not concrete and not specific about
how AI could lead to human extinction
most of the arguments B down to it could
happen and some will add that this is a
new type of technology so things could
be different this time but that
statement is true for every new type of
Technology that's been invented by
humanity and proving that AI couldn't
lead to human extinction is Ain to
proving a negative I can't prove that AI
superintelligence won't wipe out
Humanity but it's just that nobody seems
to know exactly how it could but I do
know this Humanity has ample experience
controlling many things far more
powerful than any single person such as
corporations and nation states and also
that the many things we can't fully
control that are nonetheless valuable
and safe for example check airplanes
which today we still can't fully control
because winds and turbulence will Buffet
airplanes around or the pilot flying the
plane may make a mistake in the early
days of Aviation airplanes killed many
people but we learned from those
experiences and built safer airplanes
and also devis better Rules by which to
operate them and today many people can
stepped into an airplane without fearing
for their lives similarly for AI we are
learning better to control it and it is
becoming safer every day finally if we
look at the real risk to humanity such
as climate change leading to massive
depopulation AC P the planets or
hopefully not the next pandemic or even
much lower chance but another asteroid
striking the planet and wiping us out
like did the dinosaurs I think that AI
will be a key part of our response to
such challenges so I know that there are
different views on this right now but my
view is that if we want Humanity to
survive and thrive for the next Thousand
Years AI increases the mods of us
successfully getting there computers are
already smarter in some narrow
Dimensions than any human but AI
continues to improve so fast that many
people find it hard to predict exactly
what it will be like in a few years I
think the root cause of some of these
concerns including Extinction risk is
that many people are unsure when AI will
reach artificial general intelligence or
AGI meaning AI that could do any
intellectual task that human can let's
take a deeper look at AGI in the next video
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