0:02 what defines a battle from the palace
0:04 the Chariots and the horse answer of
0:06 ancient history to the siege of forts
0:07 and castles to the Advent of tank
0:09 submarines and aerial power the
0:12 parameters of the battle and indeed of a
0:14 war are defined by the tools and tactics
0:16 available to each side nations with
0:18 powerful navies will seek out Naval
0:20 Combat to society from the high
0:22 mountains will do their best to fight a
0:24 desert adversary in the snow and bitter
0:27 cold and well vice versa no matter the
0:28 confrontation no matter the conflict
0:31 Wars are always defined by the
0:33 conditions under which all sides choose
0:35 to meet but there's one set of
0:37 conditions that lies so far out of the
0:40 norm with so many key differences from
0:42 any other sort of Battlefield that it
0:45 deserves discussion all on its own Urban
0:47 Warfare It's been the nightmare of
0:49 military planners for centuries and one
0:51 that's only gotten worse in the modern
0:54 era so why you ask well it rewrites the
0:56 Rules of Engagement basically from
0:58 scratch whether we're discussing a
1:01 military that rely eyes on its close air
1:03 support or seeks heavily mechanized tank
1:05 engagements or simply hopes to gather
1:07 sufficient intelligence before attacking
1:08 a Target the unique demands and
1:10 conditions of urban Warfare violate
1:12 every expectation the battle space
1:14 exists in three dimensions at all times
1:17 civilians are as common as enemy
1:19 combatants mobility and visibility are
1:21 severely limited and behind every closed
1:24 door is a potentially deadly surprise in
1:25 this installment of The Art of War
1:26 series from Roar Graphics we're going to
1:28 be diving into the tactics the
1:30 strategies and the challenges that
1:32 Define urban Warfare chart several major
1:34 examples through history and take a look
1:37 at how this unique environment continues
1:51 before we dive in it's important to
1:53 discuss just what we mean when we
1:55 discuss Urban Warfare which we'll
1:58 understand as any combat in any densely
2:00 populated or heavily industrialized Zone
2:02 this can include large or small cities
2:05 downed industrial areas and even suburbs
2:06 in some circumstance
2:08 The crucial piece is the presence of
2:10 significant enough human construction be
2:12 it skyscrapers or factories or whatever
2:15 else that many tactics of conventional
2:17 Warfare are just no longer relevant this
2:19 tactical disruption means that any
2:21 conventional militaries trying to attack
2:23 or defend a city are at least somewhat
2:25 out of their element whatever policies
2:27 and guidebooks they ordinarily rely on
2:29 those guides are probably going to be
2:31 insufficient and with some exceptions
2:34 the majority of troops aren't going to
2:35 be personally familiar with the demands
2:38 of urban combat this is a massive issue
2:40 because Urban Warfare Stacks risks on
2:42 top of risks on top of risk in a way
2:44 that no other theater even comes close
2:47 to touching as for what those risks are
2:50 let's just run through a few to start as
2:52 we mentioned in the introduction Urban
2:53 environments typically include a high
2:55 saturation of civilians with limited
2:57 time and ability to distinguish between
3:00 them and enemy combatants often this
3:02 problem is made worse by the deliberate
3:03 use of civilians as human Shields
3:06 especially by a defending military force
3:08 entrench within the city even if they
3:11 aren't held as hostages civilians are
3:13 often unwilling to evacuate or might
3:15 help a local defending force and
3:17 whenever violence breaks out they're
3:18 likely to be caught in the crossfire the
3:20 urban landscape also makes movement of
3:22 heavy Weaponry extremely difficult for
3:24 example good luck getting any use out of
3:26 your tanks when they have to move single
3:28 file down a narrow Street surrounded on
3:30 all sides by windows that make a perfect
3:32 vantage point for snipers and Rockets
3:34 this problem also applies when trying to
3:36 move any significant number of troops
3:38 especially while attacking a city and
3:40 attempting to probe unknown defenses
3:43 urban areas strongly favor a defending
3:45 force and one of the major reasons for
3:48 that is the lack of cover concealment
3:50 and positional awareness for an attacker
3:52 the defending side is likely to know
3:54 every Alleyway every sewer and every
3:56 rooftop while the attacking side is
3:58 lucky if they have an accurate map at
4:00 the streets the attacker completely
4:02 forfeits the element of surprise while
4:04 having no way to tell whether they're
4:06 walking into a trap at any moment now
4:08 let's talk about perhaps not only does
4:09 an attacking Force have a very difficult
4:11 time knowing where an enemy is set up
4:13 defensive positions but those defensive
4:15 positions are protected by thick
4:17 concrete steel beams and interior
4:19 architecture that makes every floor of
4:22 every building into a maze this creates
4:25 endless opportunities for the defending
4:27 forces to set up booby traps explosive
4:29 devices Vision impairing devices like
4:32 smoke bombs or Ambush sites that the
4:34 attacking Force just cannot anticipate
4:36 for an attacking Army small unit
4:37 formations are often the only way to
4:39 move troops into a thickly settled Urban
4:41 environment but they also leave the
4:43 soldiers in those small units isolated
4:45 and blind to their surroundings with the
4:48 defending force that just sees them
4:50 coming modern military's post-world War
4:52 One have another layer of complications
4:54 to worry about and it's a problem that's
4:56 gotten worse as those militaries grow
4:58 more advanced while air power is an
5:00 immensely valuable tool in most fields
5:03 of battle it's limited at Best in an
5:05 urban environment enemy positions are
5:07 typically concentrated under the cover
5:09 of buildings which both resist close air
5:11 support and strafing fire and make the
5:13 positions themselves difficult to see
5:15 and anything less precise than strafing
5:18 runs a potentially disastrous
5:20 indiscriminate bombing campaigns are
5:21 likely to kill large numbers of
5:23 civilians as are rocket and missile
5:25 strikes and though historical examples
5:27 like the bombing of Tokyo and Dresden in
5:29 World War II clearly indicate that
5:31 attacking forces don't always avoid Mass
5:33 civilian casualties those are also
5:35 examples that don't include the
5:37 attackers pushing ground troops into the
5:39 same city as soon as that happens any
5:41 Air Attack large enough to cause
5:43 collateral damage also presents a
5:45 significant risk of Friendly Fire and
5:46 then there's the Grim Reaper of urban Warfare
5:48 Warfare
5:52 upon yet the snipers to get a picture of
5:54 just how devastating and ubiquitous
5:56 sniper fire can be imagine standing on a
5:58 busy street in whatever major city
6:01 you're closest to and the literal
6:03 thousands of Windows that you can see
6:05 from the sidewalk in an urban Warfare
6:07 environment every single one of those
6:09 windows is a potential vantage point for
6:11 a sniper and there can be dozens of
6:13 snipers in those windows at any given
6:16 time they can operate completely alone
6:18 and if the attacking force can even spot
6:20 which window a sniper is firing from
6:22 they're likely to be gone by the time
6:24 the attacker gets there for a defending
6:26 Force snipers are a massive Force
6:28 multiplier in individual snipers
6:29 throughout history have logged kill
6:32 counts deep into the triple digits even
6:35 if those Sharpshooters are anomaly it's
6:36 not hard to imagine that the average
6:38 cyber might be responsible for a dozen
6:40 or more enemy deaths over the course of
6:42 a city defense multiply that number by
6:44 the number of snipers a defending Force
6:45 might have in the field and the death
6:48 toll spirals out of control and even
6:50 with these compound founding
6:52 frustrations we're still not done adding
6:54 obstacles for the attacking side not
6:56 only do aggressors in urban Warfare
6:58 forfeit much of their equipment but they
7:00 also need other specialized equipment at
7:02 odd and unpredictable times take night
7:04 vision goggles as an example wherein
7:06 most other combat scenarios it's usually
7:08 a safe assumption that they'll be needed
7:11 at night this isn't the case in an urban
7:12 environment where a building's
7:14 windowless interior can plunge an
7:15 attacker into complete darkness on a
7:17 moment's notice even worse Urban Warfare
7:19 poses a strong likelihood of at least
7:22 some Subterranean fighting be it ensuers
7:25 or parking garages or Subway systems
7:27 here complete darkness incomplete maps
7:29 and spatial disorientation make an
7:31 attacking Force even more vulnerable we
7:33 could repeat this process with a range
7:35 of other technology with most modern
7:37 examples including robotic platforms and
7:39 see-through Wall Equipment these might
7:41 make an attacker's job a little bit
7:42 easier but aren't well developed or
7:44 widely available in the best of
7:46 circumstances and we're still not done
7:49 frankly we could spend an hour to
7:51 talking through all of the complications
7:53 to Urban Warfare that we haven't even
7:55 mentioned yet but in the interest of
7:57 time we'll give you some quick hits
7:59 instead Close Quarters combat is often
8:00 an afterthought for professional
8:02 militaries but with one-on-one
8:04 engagements taking place in a square as
8:06 small as your bathroom soldiers without
8:08 hand-to-hand training are grossly
8:10 underprepared so are soldiers who
8:12 haven't had the opportunity or Reason to
8:13 drill procedures to clear a room breach
8:15 door or maneuver around each other in
8:18 small areas simple means of concealment
8:20 like tarps and rooftops deeply
8:22 complicate intelligence gathering by an
8:23 attacking side while Defenders can store
8:25 caches of resources and weapons all
8:27 around a city moving freely between them
8:29 in order to never run out of supply and
8:31 the vending side has pull access to
8:32 civilian materials like large vehicles
8:34 or concrete traffic barriers which can
8:36 be pushed into the streets in order to
8:38 block off certain areas or guide
8:40 attackers toward a trap now it should be
8:42 Crystal Clear by this point that Urban
8:45 Warfare overwhelmingly favors the
8:46 defending side especially when that
8:49 defending force is posted in a city that
8:51 they they know well where they can rely
8:54 on a helpful civilian population as such
8:56 Urban defensive tactics lean heavily on
8:58 the defender's ability to use their
8:59 environment as a weapon and to
9:01 constantly think creatively about how to
9:03 inflict the greatest number of
9:04 casualties on an attacker for the
9:06 attacking side tactics and strategy
9:09 alike are all about minimal loss if the
9:11 defender is entrenched in an urban
9:12 environment and the attacker isn't
9:14 willing to just level the city then the
9:16 attacker will absorb truly staggering
9:17 losses relative to what the defending
9:19 side has to endure after the urban
9:20 battles of World War II military
9:23 Doctrine generally states that at least
9:24 six attacking troops are needed for each
9:27 single Defender within a city no amount
9:29 of careful consideration can turn the
9:31 situation to the attacker's favor and
9:33 even in the best case scenario the
9:35 attacking side is walking into a meat grinder
9:43 ancient historical examples of what we
9:45 would now consider Urban Warfare are
9:46 relatively uncommon for a few key
9:48 reasons historical attackers had a far
9:50 better chance at starving out a city
9:52 through Siege tactics before modern
9:55 non-perishable food was available and in
9:56 many parts of the world military Forts
9:58 and castles were either kept separate
10:00 from cities or used to concentrate
10:02 battles in one area in those cities the
10:04 demands of melee-based warfare also made
10:06 it much more important to mass
10:08 information as Defender as a single
10:09 fighter charging an enemy Squadron with
10:11 a sword doesn't really hit the same way
10:14 as a sniper at 200 meters although it
10:16 was certainly not uncommon for cities
10:18 and towns to be sacked after they were
10:20 captured it was far more likely that the
10:23 defending force would win or lose on the
10:24 outskirts of the city leaving it
10:26 undefended when that pillage ultimately
10:28 did take place true Urban Warfare was a
10:30 rare occurrence and whatever did go on
10:32 it's unlikely that the historical
10:35 sources of the day stuck around to see
10:37 it the phenomenon of urban battles
10:39 became far more prominent in the years
10:40 after the Napoleonic Wars as both cities
10:42 in and military tactics evolved an
10:44 eliminating example comes from the
10:45 Battle of Monterey during the
10:47 Mexican-American War as a force of over
10:50 6 000 men led by Major General Zachary
10:52 Taylor marched on the town of Monterey
10:53 it was protected by over 5000 Mexican
10:56 Defenders under a commander Pedro de
10:58 amputer who saw Monterey as a defensive
11:00 Advantage rather than a challenge and
11:02 pewter quickly fortified Monterey
11:04 establishing a base of commands within
11:06 its unfinished Cathedral the American
11:08 forces were unprepared for a Siege and
11:10 planned for an assault with infantry but
11:12 the early stages of the fighting saw the
11:14 Americans Court exposed while trying to
11:16 cross Open Fields wide streets and a
11:18 nearby River this was an early example
11:20 of the devastating cost Urban Warfare
11:22 inflicts on an attacker but also
11:23 provided a platform for Innovations
11:26 Tyler's second attack two days later
11:28 quickly assimilated the lessons that
11:30 he'd learned this time the Americans
11:32 avoided open streets and engaged the
11:34 Mexicans house to house blasting through
11:36 the walls of R1 building to get to the
11:38 next Taylor also recognized the acute
11:40 risk of Civilian casualties and was
11:42 ultimately able to force a surrender on
11:44 mutually agreeable terms although rural
11:46 Warfare was far more common in the 19th
11:47 century the American Civil War and
11:49 franco-prussian War each contributed
11:51 their own early examples of urban
11:53 Warfare reinforcing the importance of
11:55 the tactics and strategy that we've
11:57 already discussed and while the first
11:59 world war sought far more in the way of
12:01 cities and Villages being destroyed than
12:03 actual urban combat the second world war
12:05 was very much the opposite in fact it
12:07 was World War II that really defined
12:09 what Modern urban Warfare was going to
12:11 be like the month-long Battle of
12:13 Stalingrad was perhaps the most defining
12:15 Urban Battle of the entire War fought
12:17 between hundreds of thousands of troops
12:18 from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union
12:21 the Nazis attacked Stalingrad with no
12:23 intention of holding back and leveled
12:25 much of the city with artillery foreign
12:27 Air Raids but this bombardment came as
12:29 refugees were streaming into Stalingrad
12:31 not out of it and because of this the
12:33 city's Soviet Defenders were unwilling
12:35 to give up their positions instead they
12:36 reacted by transforming the
12:38 half-standing city into a death trap
12:40 fortifying it with minefields bunkers
12:42 and tank and Hillary defenses set within
12:44 buildings Nazi forces pushed into the
12:47 City and for months they and the Soviets
12:49 engaged in a horrific Battle of
12:51 attrition eventually the Nazis were able
12:53 to use their limited air power and heavy
12:55 machinery to wear down the Soviets but
12:57 Soviet forces incurred Mass casualties
12:59 nonetheless in a series of events well
13:02 hold off describing for time's sake and
13:03 please note we've done a video on the
13:05 defense of Stalingrad on the mega
13:07 projects channel the Soviets were able
13:09 to regain the offensive and after months
13:11 of frustration they turned their City
13:14 into a killing field the Soviet soldiers
13:16 split into hundreds of Highly mobile
13:18 squads some 50 to 100 troops each and
13:21 then into innumerable tiny squadrons of
13:23 three to five men each those squadrons
13:25 moved freely within the rubble and what
13:27 remained of the burned out husks of
13:29 buildings doing unfathomable damage via
13:31 sniper fire and hand-to-hand combat
13:33 other Soviet troops dug their tanks into
13:35 rubble and camouflaged them only firing
13:37 their weapons when enemy tanks were
13:39 right on top of them the months entire
13:41 platoons on both sides would lay down
13:44 their lives to capture a one floor of a
13:46 building here one hollowed-out Warehouse
13:48 there and the fighting was coupled by
13:51 Russia's worst winter in decades by
13:53 February the Nazis surrendered with
13:54 total casualties from the battle
13:57 estimated at 400
13:59 000 Germans and three quarter of a
14:01 million Soviets leading to the Pacific
14:02 Theater there's one example of urban
14:04 Warfare that stands Above the Rest the
14:07 Battle of Manila which took place over a
14:09 one-month period in 1945. as the center
14:11 of power in the Philippines Manila was
14:13 crucial to the crumbling Japanese war
14:15 effort and when Allied Forces attempted
14:16 to lay Siege to the city its Japanese
14:19 Defenders responded with brutal force at
14:21 the time some 1 million Filipino
14:23 citizens were still inside Manila and
14:25 when Japanese forces realized they
14:27 couldn't strike outward at the Allies
14:30 they instead struck inward men women
14:32 children were forced to endure not just
14:33 their role as human Shields under
14:36 artillery bombardment but systematic
14:39 mass murder rape and torture at the
14:42 hands of Japanese Marines the accounts
14:44 of these atrocities are truly horrific
14:48 to read and probably deserve a video of
14:49 their own when the Allies did attempt to
14:51 take the city directly they did so
14:53 through brutal street fighting moving
14:55 house to house in what used to be a city
14:57 when the Allies finally prevailed they
14:58 handed the residents back a piece of
15:01 land that was little more than rubble
15:03 and corpses the Cold War and its many
15:05 proxy conflicts would see no shortage of
15:07 urban Warfare themselves but stay with
15:10 us as we bypass those examples and head
15:12 straight to the 1990s more specifically
15:14 the siege of Sarajevo during the Bosnian
15:16 War although Bosnian Serb forces were
15:18 able to successfully besiege the city of
15:20 Sarajevo in 1992. they lacked the
15:22 manpower to take the city outright and
15:24 instead resorted to an offensive use of
15:26 urban Warfare tactics to grind the city
15:28 down to nothing we've belabored the
15:30 point already that Urban Warfare tends
15:32 to strongly favor the defender but in
15:34 this case the Bosnian serve attackers
15:36 used the city to their advantage amidst
15:38 indiscriminate shelling which often
15:39 targeted schools and hospitals a legion
15:41 of Bosnian Serb snipers spread
15:43 throughout the city not only did those
15:45 snipers kill thousands of civilians but
15:46 they forced the rest of the city's
15:49 residents to starve rather than attempt
15:51 to find food water or sources of heat
15:53 they also turned certain streets into
15:55 so-called sniper alleys where anyone
15:56 brave enough to pass would almost
15:58 certainly be killed for their trouble
16:01 The Siege wouldn't lift for years near
16:03 the end of the Cedric Sarajevo a
16:04 similarly devastating battle was taking
16:07 place from 2 000 kilometers away in the
16:09 city of grozny the capital of Russia's
16:11 semi-autonomous Republic of chechnya in
16:13 this three-week battle Chechen
16:15 guerrillas Ward with an unprepared force
16:17 of Russian troops with half a million
16:18 Chechen civilians caught in the middle
16:21 the chechens were the defending side and
16:23 as such they were able to incur major
16:25 losses on the Russian side within the
16:26 first few days of the conflict the
16:28 Russians had little preparation or
16:30 education on how to properly engage in
16:32 urban combat and their troops tanks and
16:34 armored vehicles alike were left exposed
16:36 for Chechen rocket-propelled grenades to
16:39 destroy conversely the chechens are able
16:41 to set ambushes use subterranean
16:43 advantages like pursuer and Metro
16:44 systems and rearrange street signs in
16:46 order to cause confusion and fool the
16:48 Russians in a friendly fire incidents
16:49 realizing that they weren't ready to
16:51 take rosny outright the Russians
16:52 resorted to 20 days of artillery
16:54 shelling once the city had been
16:56 adequately tenderized they were able to
16:58 attack again this time the chechens
17:00 responded with decentralized Force
17:02 carried out by snipers and men in small
17:04 units and again incurred serious losses
17:07 on their enemy at every turn by the end
17:08 of the battle Russian forces were able
17:10 to secure grozny but many of the
17:12 chechens were already gone and they
17:14 would use these tactics in one city
17:17 after another across their region
17:19 deliberately drawing Russian soldiers in
17:29 the historical examples that we've
17:31 covered Charter clear course of progress
17:33 and Innovation when it comes to
17:34 individual tactics within Urban Warfare
17:37 but they are also a sobering reminder of
17:38 just how little room there is for change
17:40 within Urban
17:42 regardless of any evolution
17:45 how war is more broadly fought automatic
17:47 weapons don't matter much if you're
17:49 still aiming up at seemingly empty
17:52 Windows air support isn't much good if
17:54 you want to avoid civilian casualties
17:56 and it doesn't matter how shiny and new
17:58 your tanks are if they're going to be
18:01 blown up by RPGs while traveling single
18:03 file down Main Street and as we move
18:05 into Modern urban battles it should
18:06 quickly become clear that this set of
18:08 rules isn't changing anytime soon and I
18:10 believe us we'll take the liberation of
18:12 muscle Iraq which took place over the
18:14 course of several months in 2016 and
18:17 2017. during this battle over a hundred
18:19 thousand U.S bagged Iraqi troops
18:21 attempted to take muscle back from
18:24 between 5 and 12 000 Defenders fighting
18:26 for the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria
18:28 U.S planners assisted in the iraqi's
18:30 preparations with their objective being
18:32 to First isolate the city and then to
18:34 clear it neighborhood by neighborhood
18:36 using as much caution as possible this
18:38 was known as The Bite clear and hold
18:40 model establish a perimeter around a
18:42 neighborhood thus biting down on its
18:44 penetrate into it with Special
18:45 Operations troops and technicians
18:47 cleaning it of Fighters and booby traps
18:50 and then move on while infantry forces
18:53 established a lasting security but as
18:55 you can probably see coming by now the
18:57 Islamic State Defenders used their
18:59 advantageous position for all it was
19:02 worth they used copious amounts of heavy
19:04 Weaponry employed suicide bombers
19:06 deployed cheap and Expendable drones and
19:07 used the tried and true methods of urban
19:10 defense in order to slow down the
19:12 Coalition forces it was by no means a
19:14 clean process but for months Islamic
19:16 State Fighters were able to withdraw
19:18 from neighborhoods before they were
19:20 overrun or pinned down they also used
19:22 civilians liberally as human Shields
19:24 forcibly recruited child soldiers and
19:25 civilians and even deployed chemical
19:27 weapons during the defense eventually
19:29 Coalition forces boxed the Islamic State
19:31 Fighters into tightly and despite heavy
19:32 casualties even in the last days of
19:34 fighting they were able to declare
19:36 Victory nine months after the battle had
19:38 begun in all the liberation of muscle
19:40 would claim more than ten thousand
19:42 civilians it displaced 2 million more
19:44 and large parts of the city and all this
19:46 for Coalition forces to overcome an
19:48 Islamic State Defense that utilized
19:51 perhaps one-tenth of the troops that the
19:52 Coalition did even since then Urban
19:54 Warfare has been Central to conflicts in
19:57 Libya yeben and elsewhere but would be
19:58 remiss not to mention the biggest most
20:01 glaring example of all Ukraine and
20:02 despite a wide range of examples
20:04 including intense fighting that is still
20:06 ongoing today in Ukraine's Eastern
20:08 regions it's the siege of the city of
20:10 marapol that we're going to focus on
20:11 beginning with the blockade that started
20:14 on March the 2nd 2022 the port city of
20:15 maripol and its half million residents
20:17 were besieged by invading Russian forces
20:19 despite the large number of civilians
20:21 within the city Russia continually
20:23 bombarded it destroying Power and Water
20:25 infrastructure shelling civilian areas
20:27 and bombarding Unthinkable targets like
20:29 a maternity hospital and a theater that
20:31 had been clearly marked as a site where
20:34 children were taking Shelter by
20:35 mid-march Russian troops had begun to
20:37 enter the city with tactics and
20:39 Leadership that were clearly informed by
20:40 the lessons learned from attacking
20:42 grozny and elsewhere despite Ukrainian
20:43 soldiers Mass efforts to limit civilian
20:45 casualties the fighting destroyed a
20:47 large portion of marapol and the
20:48 Russians were able to take most of the
20:50 city the surviving Defenders along with
20:52 over a thousand civilians were boxed in
20:54 at the azovsdal iron and steelworks
20:55 planter 10 square kilometer sprawl of
20:58 workshops houses and tunnels although
20:59 the Defenders at the plant were
21:01 eventually forced to surrender they held
21:02 out for the better part of three months
21:05 and if it were not for Russia's complete
21:06 disregard for the well-being of
21:08 civilians they likely could have lasted longer
21:13 foreign
21:16 as we look into the future toward not
21:18 just a continuation of the war in
21:19 Ukraine but potential flashpoints like
21:21 Taiwan the Korean Peninsula Armenia and
21:24 Azerbaijan and the Kashmir region it's
21:25 reasonable to expect that Urban combat
21:27 will remain an unavoidable element to
21:29 Modern War and as are examples today
21:31 have Illustrated there's only so much
21:34 that enhancements in technology can do
21:36 to alter the urban battle Space by its
21:38 nature Urban combat is deeply resistant
21:40 to new tactics from an aggressor even
21:43 while it is a hotbed of innovation for a
21:45 Defender after all there are only so
21:47 many ways to try and infiltrate such a
21:50 complex Target and endless ways to use
21:52 confusion versatility and the fog of War
21:55 to a defender's Advantage more than
21:57 anything engagement in urban Warfare is
21:59 a series of promises whatever battle
22:01 this is will become a war of attrition
22:04 there will be civilian casualties the
22:06 attacking side will be punished
22:08 relentlessly for their efforts and the
22:10 city the town or the industrial zone of
22:13 interest will become a hellscape for
22:15 those who have the choice Urban combat
22:17 is a nightmare to be avoided at all
22:19 costs and for those who find themselves
22:21 stuck inside it Urban combat is a
22:23 nightmare one that they in their
22:27 comrades will be very very lucky to survive
