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on Maryland's Eastern Shore a couple's

romantic weekend getaway turns lethal

when a man dies in a deadly

Blaze though all of the evidence

suggests a tragic accident a routine

irregularities in Florida an apparently

healthy woman dies in her home

and examiners can find nothing to

death though police suspect murder years

will pass before new forensic technology

it when an untraceable poison is used to

commit murder homicide detectives face a difficult

difficult

challenge for help they turn to forensic

toxicologists to follow a Killer's

St Michaels is an historic fishing

Village turned Resort on Maryland's Eastern

Shore quaint Treeline streets and old

homes and boutiques have made it a

getaway TOA County 911 in the early

morning hours of February 15th

1998 an emergency dispatcher received a

frantic call from a clerk at a local

Resort is there anybody in the room one

of the rooms was on fire and he believed

a guest was trapped

inside e i36 responded St Michael's

room within minutes rescue workers from

the talbet County fire department and

officers from the Maryland State Police

location The Blaze confined to a single

though the hotel clerks had managed to

pull the guest from the room the victim

35-year-old Steven fro was pronounced

dead at the [Music]

[Music]

recognition police learned that shortly

before 1:30 a.m. the victim's wife

rushed into the hotel lobby to report

the clerks called 911 and then rushed to the

the

room they found the victim lying in bed

and quickly pulled him

out but it was too [Music]

late the victim's wife 33-year-old Kim

Rico said she and her husband Steve were

give me a little bit here earlier that

evening she and Steve had dinner with

friends at the hotel's dinner theater

okay Kim said Steve had been drinking

heavily and had taken anti-depressants

and cold

medication well why don't we have a

toast to you H Kim said that Steve

bad she and her husband returned to

their room a few hours

drink then he began pressuring her for

sex you're drunk I'm not

interested no noted when Kim refused he

became angry out okay hey hey no I'm not

to avoid a fight she grabbed her things

and left to go for a [Music]

[Music]

drive when she returned a few hours

later she made her way into the room and

was immediately overcome by [Music]

[Music] smoke

smoke

come she couldn't believe her husband of

10 years was gone a

smoker what kind cigars as swim

investigators searched for answers to

Maryland Deputy State Fire Marshal Mike

Mulligan began by looking for the fire's

origin the point of origin is key in

determining the uh cause of a fire and

determining whether it was accidental or

purposely set and what you do is you

begin at the the area of least fire

damage and you progress into the most

fire damage and the idea is that the

spot where you have the most fire damage

the fire has been burning the

longest on the nightstand next to the

bed investigators found their first

bottle the heat softened the plastic on

the side that faced the uh fire while it

was still cold on the other side and the

plastic began to melt and pointed the

neck of the bottle toward the point of origin

the fire had apparently started near the

pillow where Steven reo's head would have

have

been burn pattern showed its progress

across the

carpet then investigators uncovered a

possible cause of the

fire on the bedside table they found an

open package of cigars

missing for Fire Marshals the reason

behind the blaze seemed tragically

clear we could eliminate the electrical

we could eliminate the heating and the

air conditioning units we could

eliminate the wood burning stove and

what did that leave us with well one of

smoking at autopsy the medical examiner

found that Steven hio had suffered

torso but surprisingly no traces of soot

or carbon monoxide were found in the victim's

victim's

lungs that suggested he had stopped

breathing before the room had filled with

smoke having found no cause of death

Blood and Tissue samples were collected

toxicologists at the Maryland State

Police crime lab confirmed that there

was no carbon monoxide present in the

tissue and blood alcohol test results were

were

%. examiners found no evidence

suggesting that Steve had been drinking

claimed the results were passed on to

the Maryland State

Police homicide detective Joe Gamble

struggled to reconcile all the facts of

the case Mike I'm to check on they could

not determine how he died they could

tell us that he didn't die of any

natural causes there was no alcohol in

Steven's blood no no soot carbon

monoxide in his lungs that did not jive

with what Kimberly Rico told us that

night you're not see to resolve the

inconsistencies detectives questioned

the victim's wife

again another problem we have is right

now they're coming back and they're

telling us that Kimo was surprised by

findings in addition to drinking heavily

at dinner Steve had purchased beer and

cigars earlier that day before

I she admitted her marriage had been

Rocky but claimed she and Steve had

managed to work out their

problems everything had been going so

well does he know about

nervous then she asked for an attorney

interview to find out what Kim r was

hiding police contacted the couple's

friends all agreed that Kim and Steve

had been working hard to salvage their

marriage but none of the friends had

cigars the inconsistent information in

addition to the autopsy findings LED

investigators to suspect that Steve

Rico's death had not resulted from an

accident as his wife suggested Al was

found in his blood

to prove it they would first need to

started they turned to arson

investigators at the Maryland State Fire Marshall's

Marshall's [Music]

[Music]

office at a training facility in Eastern

Maryland Fire Marshals looked to

scene they lit the same brand of cigar

found inside the room

and placed it on a pillow they'd

hotel it smoldered then went

out the ash from the lit cigar failed to

ignite the flame retardant

pillow we took the cigars and placed

them on the pillows uh did this

repeatedly for approximately an hour and

a half and what the test showed us was

that uh caress smoking could not have

been the cause

of ignition caused by the pillow though

investigators now suspected an

accelerant had been used to start the

blaze lab tests failed to expose any

traces of a flammable

substance hard to get going however the

accelerant might have burned away during the

the [Music]

[Music]

fire the only other way investigators

could ignite the pillow and recreate the

burn damage was by applying a makeshift

the tests confirm that the uh the fire

was incendiary in nature that it was not

an accidental fire it was not a cause of

uh careless

smoking the fire had been intentionally

set the findings were passed on to

police soon after Steven Rico's death

was officially classified as a homicide from

from

there authorities on Maryland's Eastern

Shore proved that a hotel room fire that

claimed the life of 35-year-old Steve

Roo was not the result of careless

suggested having found no traces of

smoke in the victim's lungs it was also

clear that Steve fro was already dead

when the fire was

set but the medical examiner was unable

all of the findings LED police to

believe that Kimo had murdered her

husband now they look for physical

it police tracked down her co-workers at

a Washington DC hospital where she was

employed as a surgical technician did

sheing up her husband no one believed

Kim was capable of murder

yeah she did a couple of times as a

matter of fact however one doctor did

recall an unusual conversation he had

earlier I didn't mean need to talk to

you about that Kim had been complaining

about her marriage and jokingly offered

him $50,000 to kill her

husband what are you talking about not

taking her seriously he joked back

telling her she could put Steven to

sleep forever by injecting him with a

now what would that do to somebody Kim's

coworker described the drug as a

powerful muscle relaxant used to prevent

190 as a surgical technician Kim used it

day homicide detective Joe

Gamble Kimberly Rico's profession was

significant working as a surgical

technician and that she had access to

certain drugs that other people in the

hospital and that normal citizens don't

have access to one of those drugs is we

learned with sual

choline though toxicology tests turned

up no traces of the drug in Steven

Rico's body detectives learned that sual

Coline breaks down almost immediately

leaving no detectable traces

behind in essence the drug is a perfect murder

murder [Music]

[Music]

Weapon It's injected uh into the tissue

doesn't have to go into the bloodstream

and it causes your muscles to relax

which includes your heart and your

diaphragm and your breathing and and uh

with enough enough sual choline you just

stop breathing and your heart stops and you

die with the homicide investigation

taking on a clearer Focus detectives

scene while they search the hotel for a

syringe or a drug vial divers comb the

mild 's river located directly behind the

resort they spent hours combing the

area but their search turned up [Music]

[Music]

nothing a few days later however a hotel

employee found something lying in the grass

grass [Music]

syringe the evidence was forwarded to

the Maryland State Police crime

lab a thorough analysis of the needle

failed to produce any traces of the

choline examiners applied a laser light

to the evidence hoping to find

fingerprints that may have been left behind

nothing with no obvious motive or a

murder weapon investigators would have

to rely on the circumstantial evidence

to prove that Kim Rico had killed her

husband and their best Hope was to

establish that she had staged the crime

scene to throw investigators off her

Trail so we set out of course to find

out where the alcohol came from and

where the cigars came from hopefully proving

proving

that Kimberly bought these things or

purchased these things and to Stage the

room to set the the room up if I can

take a couple minutes of your time

checking to see if detective gamble

canvased convenience stores near the

resort he found a clerk who recalled a

Woman matching Kim Rico's

description the store employee told him

that around the time of the murder the

woman came in to purchase a sixpack of

beer and a pack of

cigars I don't know why you need to say

that I'm obviously of age the customer

had made a lasting impression on the

clerk who D your hair the store clerk

remembered Kimberly that day because

Kimberly was particularly rude thank you

Kimberly had been so abrupt with her and

that stood out in the store Clerk's mind

that's how she was able to remember

her police collected a package of cigars

like the ones purchased by Kim

Roo they were the same brand found in

the Rico's hotel

room investigators also collected the

stamp gun used to attach the price

stickers to the merchandise everything in

theore thanks for your time thank

you the items were delivered to forensic

document examiner Joan de Martino at the

lab to establish a the link between the

evidence she began comparing the

characteristics of the price sticker on

the cigar pack found at the crime scene

to the one collected from the convenience

store the characteristic of most

significance would be the uh design

cuts the tamperproof die cuts that uh

cause something to break away if if say

a n- dwell person wanted to peel off the

uh the uh price tag it would break away

uh these are common to a to a particular

manufacturer a visual inspection

revealed no differences between all of

collected using an infrared light source

de Martino looked for commonalities and

differences within the ink

itself she found that the dyes and

pigments that make each ink unique were

they had all originated from the same

stamp gun collected from the convenience

store Kim Roo had purchased the cigars

found at the crime scene something she

denied police were building a strong

circumstantial case against Kim

Rico but having revealed no official

cause of death and no obvious motive

behind the homicide investigators were

murder Maryland police were convinced

that 33-year-old surgical technician Kim

Roo had murdered her husband with an

untraceable drug then staged the scene

to make his death appear as a tragic

accident but so far all of the evidence

circumstantial looking to uncover a

motive police reinterviewed people cl to

the couple talk to you about Kimberly I

understand that you're friends with her

one friend admitted that just before

Steven's death Kim said that she wanted

to divorce [Music]

[Music]

him Kim had been having an affair with a

man she'd met a few months

before they' been spending a lot of time

together and Kim was no longer

interested in salvaging her marriage to Steve

Steve

what but Kim was dreading a prolonged

and costly

time the information was enough for

investigators to obtain a warrant to

search Kim's [Music]

[Music]

home there in a desk drawer they found

two life insurance policies taken out on Steven

Steven

Roo Kim stood to gained

it was the break homicide detectives had

for we felt that Kimberly had motive she

had a large amount of money to gain she

had been involved in an affair that she

wanted to move forward with and those

are the two things that we felt that

Kimberly wanted to gain by the murder of

Steven Rico we got out of Kim Rico's

house on b a warrant was issued for Kim

but before police could act they

received some startling

information where she at Kim Rico had

attempted suicide how long ago was that

that [Music]

[Music]

okay one of Kim's friends had become

concerned when she hadn't heard from her

time when she went to check on her she

found Kim unconscious on the floor an

empty bottle of pills lay nearby

okay Kim Roo the prime suspect in her

hospital though she was in critical

condition medical personnel had gotten

time a few days later Kim Roo was

released from the

hospital police were there waiting yes

are you can believe yes right now I have

a warrant for your arrest she was taken

into custody and and charged with

murder the right to remain silent right

to based on the evidence investigators

believe that Kimberly Roo was driven by

greed and a desire to further her [Music]

[Music]

affair on February 15th

1998 she injected her unsuspecting

husband with the untraceable drug sual Coline

immediately she staged the scene to make

it appear Steven had been drinking beer

and smoking [Music]

cigars then she set the room on

fire Kimberly Roo was convicted of arson

and first-degree

murder she was sentenced to life in prison

in Maryland the circumstantial evidence

alone was enough to convict Kim Rico of

killing her

husband but in Florida investigators

would need irrefutable scientific proof

conviction situated in Bay County on

Florida's Coastal Panhandle lies the

affluent and peaceful community of

mom there around 9:00 a.m. on the

morning of May 30th

1991 18-year-old Jennifer cybers went

into her parents' bedroom to wake up her mother

mother Kay

Kay

M but Kay wasn't [Music]

responding panicked Jennifer called her

examiner I I think there's something

wrong he told her not to worry he was

sending help and said he would be there shortly

shortly okay

okay emergency workers and a doctor from

the medical examiner's office were

scene K was unresponsive I don't have

anything and showed no signs of light [Music]

[Music]

the 52-year-old mother of three was

pronounced dead at the scene the

attack a Bay County Sheriff's deputy

heard the call over the radio and

responded to the house I'd like to speak [Music]

to he was informed that the death had

resulted from natural causes and he

wasn't needed [Music]

a short while later the victim's husband

medical examiner Dr William cybers

arrived at the

house he learned that his wife of more

than 20 years was gone any idea what

cost it Jim should be in room I need to

get to her sure Dr cybers ask that her

body be taken directly to the funeral home

the following day Agents from the

Florida Department of Law Enforcement

call an anonymous informant was troubled

by several irregularities surrounding

husband after hearing all of the details

special agent Scotty Sanderson agreed to

take a closer look at Dr cybers

thanks by certain red flags came up he

was a medical examiner no autopsy had

been performed Cas iers was in apparent

good health he did not call 911 after

learning of her distress and the police

were notified and sent to the home but

cybers as a medical examiner Dr cybers

knows that all unattended deaths require

that an autopsy be

performed here

his wife's was no

exception Serv I just want to ask you a

few questions to find out why he hadn't

followed protocol investigators arranged

for an interview investigation uh it's

important that an autopsy be conducted

could you tell me why you didn't order

Dr cybers admitted he had made a mistake

and I I just he was distraught and

wasn't thinking

clearly no but her he loved K very much

and heart disas I try to convince her

and her death was completely unexpected

had a few drinks and enjoyed ourselves

um very pleasant the night before she

died the two had gone out for a nice

dinner later on she felt that uh she had

a little she got a really bad chest pain

but around 4:00 a.m. she woke him up I

can hardly breathe it hurts when I

breathe Kay was experiencing pain in her

chest and left

shoulder I'll draw some draw some blood for

for

Kay had a family history of heart

diabetes just try to relax but she

refused to go to the hospital let me see

if I can put your on down a

minute Dr cybers said he tried to draw

some blood so he could have it tested

the following

morning I'm

sorry but he said he botched the Joby

relax Bill after two unsuccess uccessful

attempts he gave

up I'll be right

back lay

back eventually Kay fell back

asleep she was fine Dr cybers said he

called to check up on her several times

the following morning but he never got

through see if she wanted to take something

something

for as a matter of routine agent

Sanderson asked for the syringe you

explain to me what happened but Dr

cybers didn't have it where's

he said that on his way to work the

following morning he tossed the needle

in the trash and then disposed of the

garbage in a dumpster a few blocks away

to the dumpster yes is that typically

what your family does with the household

garbage most of our garbage

yes Dr Cy all of the information

including the manner in which the needle

was disposed troubled agent

Sanderson he's a

physician has a um

a needle on a syringe exposed in a

household garbage throwing it in the

garbage bin supposedly down the

street all of these different factors

were were

um alarming me and the other agents that

were with

me about what we were going to be

working troubled by all of the

irregularities investigators began

looking deeper into K cyber's medical history

FDLE Special Agent Dennis nored poured

over her records looking for any clue

that might help explain her

death he found no record suggesting she

suffered from diabetes or heart disease

claimed uh we had gathered documents

from the time that Kay was born up until

the time that she had died in Panama

City and there was nothing to ever

indicate that she would have experienced

any type of health

problems the information suggested that

Dr cybers was not being truthful about

history to find out why investigators

needed to examine the victim's

body after obtaining a warrant

authorities were dispatched to the

remains they arrived just in time

agents were dispatched to that funeral

home where they found she had been

bombed and was in a casket for showing

and they were about to transport her

Iowa Dr cybers it seemed was in a hurry

to bury his

wife K cyber's body was transported to

an independent medical examiner's office

Pensacola it was now up to them to

determine if her death had resulted from

else authorities in Bay County Florida

look to explain the death of K cybers A

seemingly healthy 52-year-old mother of

three found dead in her

home though her husband medical examiner

Dr William cyers claimed she had a

history of heart disease and diabetes

her medical records told a different story

investigators hoped an autopsy would

answers medical examiner Dr Gary

Cumberland looked to pinpoint a specific

death an external examination revealed

the presence of two distinct puncture

marks on the victim's right

arm that was consistent with Dr cyber

claim that he tried to draw blood from

but the marks were also consistent with

something being injected into the

body I've seen some fresh hemorrage

around these so I think that they

occurred before she died so let's make

sure that we get some of that tissue for

histology Dr Cumberland focused his

internal examination on the victim's

heart and this down here there was no

evidence of disease or any signs of

damage in fact all of the victim's

healthy Dr Cumberland found nothing to

explain why K cybers had died so [Music]

[Music]

suddenly troubled by the findings he

collected tissue and blood samples for

basically what we have is a a person who

died with no natural disease process uh

responsible for a death and in those

instances we start looking for

toxicologic agents I.E is there some

drug or poison that she had been given

that resulted in her

death the samples were forwarded to the

Dade County medical examiner's

disadvantage K cyber's body had been

embalmed soon after her death

and those fluids had likely destroyed

any traces of drugs or poisons that may

negative the findings did little to ease

investigators suspicions that K cybers

had met with Foul Play and we have

agents that will be accompanying this

material down to my despite the lack of

case though the victim's husband

explained the puncture marks on K's arms

had resulted from an attempt to draw

blood investigators formulated a different

different [Music]

[Music]

Theory they speculated he had injected

her with a lethal [Music]

[Music]

drug but a search of dumpsters near the

couple's house failed to produce a

syringe or any evidence that could prove it

it [Music]

a bad time to talk to investigators

turned to the couple's children hopeful

they could shed light on a possible

motive for murder mother but the cyber's

daughter insisted that her parents

relationship was strong you she seemed

normal seemed fine was with your mother

her father was dedicated to Kay and the

children you know anything about

yeah her family [Music]

has the daughter said she had last seen

her mother the night before she

died was wonderful we went to that new

restaurant Romano's when her parents

returned home from dinner they seemed

happy and both were in good moods okay

good night

Daddy I'll be up in a little bit she and

her mother stayed up and talked for some

time it was good was good school was gone

gone

a you know anything about her medical

history none of the children believed

that their father had anything to do

with their mother's death appreciate you

coming in thank you the investigation

was going [Music]

[Music]

nowhere this is going to be jry beloved

we do thank you for coming today our

thought authorities had no choice but to

release the victim's body to her family

every one of you here with us

today case cyber's remains were flown to

her hometown in

rest but agents refused to give

up they scoured through the case files

looking for anything they may have

overlooked the

comp in his statements to police Dr

cybers claimed he had tried to telephone

his wife numerous times on the morning

investigators subpoenaed his cell phone

records and found he was telling the

truth but FDLE Agent Dennis norid

noticed something else called over about

a 3mon time period there were

approximately 140 some odd calls made

from Dr cyers to a particular phone

number two of those calls took place on

the morning of Kay's

death the number was traced to a former

lab technician who worked with Dr cybers

about the death of K cybers I believe

you're acquainted with Miss cyers the

woman admitted that the two were close

friends um at the hospital I cared for

him he had called her the day of Kay's

death but she said he was grief stricken

and just wanted to be consoled we

weren't romantically involved but

investigators sensed she wasn't telling

them everything yes I do under

persistent questioning she admitted she

and Dr cybers were romantically involved

so initially she considered him a father

figure same here but as they began

spending more time together her feelings

for him

deepened and know think you and soon

they fell in love the same thing that I

felt when we each other how do you

relate to him no she didn't believe he

was capable of

murder investigators disagreed

is he a Dr cybers wasn't the dedicated

husband and father he portrayed himself to

be they theorized he had murdered his

wife in order to clear the way to pursue his

affair police forwarded K cyers tissue

sampol collected at autopsy to the

National Medical Services lab in Willow Grove

Grove

Pennsylvania one of the most advanced

forensic labs in the [Music]

[Music]

country there renowned toxicologist Dr

Frederick reers agreed to look into the

case Cy medium and calcium and after

reviewing K cyber's autopsy report he

found a potential

clue an elevated level of potassium had

[Music]

fluidium though potassium occurs

naturally in the body in small amounts

if a large dose is injected into a

person's bloodstream it will cause the

immediately in the normal human body

potassium and iron are found in equal

cells to find out if K cybers had an

unnatural amount of potassium in her

body toxicologists used a newly

developed system that measures the ratio

findings the ratio of pottassium to iron

in critical air

areas were much higher than

normal which led me to the conclusion

that potassium had been administered to

this person and that was potentially a

cause of death for

it the findings had provided powerful

evidence that K cybers had not died of natural

natural

causes but to confirm the results

examiners needed additional samples from

the victim's body

for investigators that presented a

problem in the state of Iowa where K

cybers was buried state law will only

allow a body to be exhumed if the family

gives its consent those the Dr cybers

Who insisted he had nothing to hide

permission desperate not to let their

case slip away authorities turned to

Florida State's Attorney Harry shorstein

for help

he agreed to prosecute the

case thank you but almost immediately he

faced a crushing [Music]

[Music]

setback the only scientific evidence

that could prove murder had been

experts because potassium occurs

naturally in the body the judge ruled

that without additional samples there

was insufficient evidence to prove prove

that K cybers had been administered a lethal

dosage very simply stated uh when you

die your red blood cells almost

immediately break down they're full of

potassium and as a result the potassium

within your body goes everywhere and the

uh uh General thought among the

scientific Community is that if you

injected with potassium unless you could

get to the body almost immedi mediately

you couldn't distinguish between the

potassium that had been injected in the

body and the potassium that is within

your body

naturally despite the Court's

conclusions everything authorities had

learned convinced them Dr cybers had

murdered his

wife but until they could find

irrefutable evidence they would be

unable to prove [Music]

it several years had gone by since the

1991 death of 52-year-old K

cybers though toxicology tests convinced

Florida authorities that her husband had

injected her with a lethal dose of

potassium the Court ruled the findings were

inadmissible still special prosecutor

Harry shorstein didn't believe that K

cybers died of heart disease as her

husband medical examiner William cybers

had suggested

the examination of the heart that had

taken place at the autopsy showed no

indication whatsoever of any heart

disease and uh we were going to proceed

with the trial uh without a an actual

cause of death just based on the circumstantial

circumstantial

evidence in February of 1997 a warrant

cybers he had since retired and married

the woman he had been having an affair with

with

aitor device under he voluntarily turned

police because of health problems he was

released on $300,000 bail but not before

being fitted with an electronic monitoring

monitoring

device he was only allowed to leave his

church with the trial approaching

prosecutors struggled to prep prepare

their case for a jury we received all of

your test results then they received

news in the years since K cyber's death

toxicologists at the national Medical

Services lab in Willow Groves

Pennsylvania had developed new forensic

tests that could detect previously untraceable

untraceable

poisons though the samples collected at

autopsy were several years old according

to Dr Kevin Ballard they had been well preserved

the tissues from his cybers were taken

from her at the time of her original

autopsy but she had already been in

bombed those tissues those organs were maintained

maintained

Frozen all during all the years between

the time of her death and the time of our

our

analyses first Dr Ballard wanted to test

the samples for the presence of paralyzing

paralyzing [Music]

[Music]

drugs these these drugs are known to

increase potassium levels in the body

which might explain why high levels of

potassium were found in K's tissue

samples years

earlier he subjected the samples to a

process called Q which stands for

flight essentially the process acts as a molecular

microscope first all of the molecules

separated each individual molecule is

then broken down into [Music]

[Music]

pieces using sophisticated detection

equipment the individual pieces are then

weighed the molecular weight of the

samples is then compared to the

molecular weight of known paralyzing

drugs in tissue samples taken from K

cyber's kidney the analysis reveals

build lethal amounts of the drug sual [Music]

[Music]

choline sual choline and these other

paralyzing drugs when they're

administered to a person they paralyze

the skeletal muscles of our bodies uh

these are the muscles that move our

limbs they also paralyze the specialized

skeletal muscle which is the diaphragm

which is the primary muscle that we use

when we breathe so part of the effect is

to to stop a person's breathing done the

preliminary interviews of the family

members the analysis had finally given

investigators the evidence they needed

murder as a physician the victim's

husband had easy access to the drug and

[Music]

effect driven by the desire to further

his affair and to avoid a cost

divorce police believe that on May 30th

1991 Dr William cybers injected his wife

with a lethal amount of the paralyzing [Music]

drug he then tried to use his position

crime State of Florida versus William in

January 2000 Dr William cybers was

convicted of the murder of his wife K we

all at Paca scambia County florid he was

sentenced to life in prison

prison

2001 some Killers believe that by using

an untraceable drug their crimes will go [Music]

unpunished but with each advance in

forensic science there are fewer poisons

detection and that means a better chance

for investigators to solve those once

death A Car Bomb hurls investigators

down a dark and twisted path at the end

is one woman with many deadly

Secrets a bustling emergency room is

brought to its knees with the arrival of

a Dying woman

scientists try to determine what might

have turned her blood to toxic

sickened the mother suffers a lingering

death before police can catch the killer

they must first find the source of the

poison the most subtle of killers is absolutely

absolutely

silent working from the inside out to

turn its victim's body against

itself when chemistry goes wrong

scientists struggle to determine what

June 28th 1983 began as a night of

Celebration Judy buenoano met her

boyfriend John Gentry and the women who

worked at her beauty salon at a

restaurant they gathered to present one

of the employees with a pendant in honor

as the dinner was finished and the party

wore down Judy suggested that John go to

the liquor store for some champagne so

quiet but the silence would be shattered

police and rescue raced to the scene

Gentry was rushed to the hospital

back at first investigators weren't sure

if the explosion was due to Mechanical

failure or an attempt on Gentry's

life but even a cursory look at the

crime scene revealed the blast to be no

accident it came from the trunk an

magnitude because bombings are a federal

offense Pensacola Police notified the

Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and

Firearms by the extent of the blast ATF

agents estimated two sticks of dynamite

were used rigged to the tail lights by

yellow and orange

wire Gentry was lucky to have escaped

with his

life as the ATF and investigated the

scene and the crime photos Pensacola

Police sought to find out who would

benefit from Gentry's death that task

fell to detective Ted

Chamberlain what we usually do is we

look into an insurance policies of the

victim and that's what we did with

Gentry and we looked into and we found

he did have a lodge insurance policy on

him the beneficiary was Judy buenoano Gentry's

Gentry's

girlfriend but that wasn't surprising

the two were starting a business business

business

together by itself the information meant

on the ATF found it they traced the

dynamite to a man in Alabama a very

close friend of Judy

buenoano by now Gentry was out of intensive

intensive

care detectives took the opportunity to

talk to him about what happened let him

know that Judy buenoano was the main

suspect Gentry found it difficult to

believe but then he began thinking about

it the relationship he said you know uh

when I'm staying over there at Judy's

house I get she was giving me these

pills uh vitamins to make me feel better

he said I kept getting sick he said so I

quit taking them and then I felt better

he said and I took them again and got sick

again Gentry had been so ill he'd spent

time in the

hospital there he recovered completely

though his doctor wasn't sure what was

wrong with

him once Gentry returned home he

relapsed darling I have your pills for

you finally he stopped taking the

vitamin pills and his health

returned he felt his days of illness

up sensing a connection the detective

asked Gentry if he'd saved any of the

capsules you have a bus partner as a

matter of fact he

had they were supposedly a popular

vitamin C

supplement Chamberlain sent them to the

wife's finding out what something isn't

is easier than finding out what it

is the process of elimination began with

a comparison of the capsules with

vitamin C C it proved there was not a

speck of the vitamin in the capsules

that Discovery alone ramped up the

suspicion that the pills were

poisoned but what was in them the

substance in the capsules was dissolved and

and

tested some tests analyzed its chemical

makeup others measured the wavelengths

of light it

absorbed by comparing these results with

a database of chemicals the compound was identified

the capsules were found to contain a

formalde it has no known medical

use in fact it's considered a class 3

poison which means it's moderately

toxic John trestrail of the blet Poison

Control Center is a poisoning expert

according to him if murder was the

motive paror Malahide wasn't the best

choice when it breaks down to falahi

which we know is used to preserve bodies

uh is very irritating it wouldn't be a

very good poison to pick for homicidal

reasons be more irritating you know

irritating to the eyes irritating the

respiratory tract and I suppose in

chronic exposures we know for Malahide

cancer Gentry Story bolstered by the

tampered pills and the explosion gave

Chamberlain ample grounds to obtain

search warrants for Bueno ano's home and beauty

salon at her house they found more

up I'll check the

CL like

that basket oh I got something

in her son's closet they found wire that

car got a wire

here my gloves so we sent that off to

the lab and they sent us back pictures

of the wire and the color coating and

striations of the wire Tak one taken

from the piece of the bomb that was gone

and the one from the boys's room and you

put them together it was just like

matching up ballistics on bullets I mean

they looked exactly alike and that was

real good

evidence hi I'm detective Robert Beasley

this is an offal investigation while one

group of officers searched the house

another group was at work collecting

chemicals from Bueno ano's [Music]

[Music]

salon for Judy buenoano parap Malahide

opportunity the chemical is used in

with evidence of the bomb and the poison

police had ample grounds to arrest her on

suspicion the bombing made her a suspect

in a federal

crime the atf's jurisdiction stretched

states having failed at both poisoning

and blowing up her lover buenoano seemed

like a two-time loser

but as investigators checked her

background they began to suspect that

slump as news of Judy Bueno ano's arrest

spread detective Chamberlain received a

call from the mother of one of her

ex-boyfriends in Alabama a man named

Bobby Joe Morris a man who had died

mysteriously her son and Judy lived

together and she had a very strong

suspicion that he didn't die of natural

causes that she had poisoned or killed her

her

son when oano had pressured Bobby Joe's

mother to cremate the body but she

refused Chamberlain promised he'd look

into the

matter everybody that we talked to they

all seem to be a little bit scared of

Judy a little bit afraid of her that she

uh she would always make up these

incredible stories is what we were

hearing from her and uh we even talked

to one witness that uh the witness said

that uh she uh Judy told this girl said

look if you don't like your husband poison

poison

him with stories of Bobby Joe Morris and

others coming to light police began to

suspect that John Gentry wasn't buo

ano's first victim they found that her

life at least on the surface appeared

touched by tragedy but her closer

inspection suggested something more diabolical

diabolical [Music]

[Music]

Judy lost her husband James Goodyear in

1971 3 months after he returned from

Vietnam he lapsed into delirium and died

what a great day foray after his death

Judy changed her name from Judy Goodyear

to Judy buenoano the Spanish translation

of her husband's

surname the deeper Chamberlain dug the

darker Judy's past

became bodies were beginning to Tumble

out of her

closet you'd open up one door and go in and and it would lead to you about five

and and it would lead to you about five or six more doors that was the problem

or six more doors that was the problem with her you know which just it didn't

with her you know which just it didn't it didn't look like it was ever going to

it didn't look like it was ever going to stop you know we kept finding bodies

stop you know we kept finding bodies everywhere one of those bodies was her

everywhere one of those bodies was her own son Michael Goodyear he joined the

own son Michael Goodyear he joined the army in

1979 shortly after visiting his mother while on leave he became ill tests

while on leave he became ill tests showed exposure to

showed exposure to arsoning because his job involved

arsoning because his job involved working with the substance it was

working with the substance it was assumed that he'd inadvertently ingested

assumed that he'd inadvertently ingested some he soon began to lose the use of

some he soon began to lose the use of his arms and legs and he was

his arms and legs and he was discharged his first day home Judy and

discharged his first day home Judy and her youngest son took Michael on a canoe

her youngest son took Michael on a canoe trip near their

home despite the fact that Michael wore heavy braces he had no life Jack

heavy braces he had no life Jack okay let's see in the middle of the lake

okay let's see in the middle of the lake the boat capsized and Michael

the boat capsized and Michael drowned okay back then it seemed like a

drowned okay back then it seemed like a tragic if stupid

tragic if stupid accident but now Chamberlain wasn't so

accident but now Chamberlain wasn't so certain okay too many men in Judy Bueno

certain okay too many men in Judy Bueno ano's life had come to an untimely end

ano's life had come to an untimely end watch it a Sinister pattern was taking

shape while Judy awaited her day in court for the attempted murder of John

court for the attempted murder of John Gentry

Gentry Chamberlain gathered evidence of

Chamberlain gathered evidence of homicide she may have gotten away with

homicide she may have gotten away with at least so

at least so far he learned that Judy's husband James

far he learned that Judy's husband James goodar showed symptoms consistent with

goodar showed symptoms consistent with any number of illnesses among them

any number of illnesses among them arsenic

arsenic poisoning if he was poisoned the

poisoning if he was poisoned the evidence was buried with

him 12 years after his death his body was ordered accumed to look for proof

was ordered accumed to look for proof and when you exume a body looking for

and when you exume a body looking for one of the heavy metals like lead

one of the heavy metals like lead thallium arsenic animony these are all

thallium arsenic animony these are all elements elements have been around since

elements elements have been around since the solar system was created they're

the solar system was created they're just as detectable today as they were

just as detectable today as they were 250 million years ago and 250 million

250 million years ago and 250 million years down the road from now so when you

years down the road from now so when you talk about digging up a body looking for

talk about digging up a body looking for arsenic if it was in that body when it

arsenic if it was in that body when it went in ground it's going to be in that

went in ground it's going to be in that body until it

body until it disintegrates Goodyear had been

disintegrates Goodyear had been autopsied at the time of his death but

autopsied at the time of his death but the medical examiner wasn't looking for

the medical examiner wasn't looking for poison so he didn't find

poison so he didn't find any almost anything can be poisonous if

any almost anything can be poisonous if enough is swallowed so no single test

enough is swallowed so no single test can be used to detect all

can be used to detect all poisons the analyst must be guided by

poisons the analyst must be guided by his knowledge of the symptoms so he can

his knowledge of the symptoms so he can narrow the field and test for specific

narrow the field and test for specific poisons

arsenic tends to concentrate in the heart liver lungs and

kidneys samples of each were tested for the

the toxin arsenic can take down a person in

toxin arsenic can take down a person in an hour or a year depending on how much

an hour or a year depending on how much he

he ingests a single large dose kills

ingests a single large dose kills quicker than small doses over a longer

quicker than small doses over a longer time a faster death means means the

time a faster death means means the poison would have less time to damage

poison would have less time to damage organs goody years's lingering death

organs goody years's lingering death suggested cumulative longterm

suggested cumulative longterm poisoning the ravaged condition of his

poisoning the ravaged condition of his organs bore that

organs bore that out the diagnosis was crucial and

out the diagnosis was crucial and incriminating because it made accidental

incriminating because it made accidental poisoning less

poisoning less likely since James and Judy goodier

likely since James and Judy goodier lived in the same house it seemed

lived in the same house it seemed reasonable that they'd both be exposed

reasonable that they'd both be exposed to arsenic if the hazard were present

symptoms next the medical examiner set out to determine how much arsenic was

out to determine how much arsenic was present in Goodyear

system the victim's hair and nails provided a handy yard

provided a handy yard stick a complete fingernail was removed

stick a complete fingernail was removed from the nail bed and dissolved in acid

the resulting solution was put in an instrument called an atomic absorption

instrument called an atomic absorption spectrometer that determines the

spectrometer that determines the concentration of arsenic in the

sample the amount of arsenic a person swallows is proportional to the amount

swallows is proportional to the amount in the victim's hair and

in the victim's hair and nails the medical examiner could tell

nails the medical examiner could tell that the levels were too high to have

that the levels were too high to have come from the

come from the environment and since hair grows at a

environment and since hair grows at a set rate he could use it to see how long

set rate he could use it to see how long goodye had been given the

poison he determined that the contaminated portion of the hair was

contaminated portion of the hair was consistent with 3 months

growth James Goodyear had been home from the Navy 3 months before he

the Navy 3 months before he died the evidence suggested that Judy

died the evidence suggested that Judy had wasted no time doing a way with her

had wasted no time doing a way with her husband shortly after Jam good years

husband shortly after Jam good years autopsy Judy's boyfriend and second

autopsy Judy's boyfriend and second suspected victim Bobby Joe Morris was

suspected victim Bobby Joe Morris was exhumed his hair and nails contained

exhumed his hair and nails contained enough arsenic to kill 11

enough arsenic to kill 11 men it appeared that over a 12year

men it appeared that over a 12year period Judy buenoano managed to fatally

period Judy buenoano managed to fatally poison Two Men and poison and drown a

poison Two Men and poison and drown a third other men in her life had also met

third other men in her life had also met mysterious ends but she was never

mysterious ends but she was never prosecuted for their deaths

the motive in every case was insurance money ironically it was the one who got

money ironically it was the one who got away John Gentry that ultimately exposed

away John Gentry that ultimately exposed her deadly

her deadly game her botched attempt to poison him

game her botched attempt to poison him forced her to resort to using a

bomb on the surface the choice may seem bizarre but to poison expert John

bizarre but to poison expert John trestrail the difference between bombs

trestrail the difference between bombs and poisons is only a matter of

and poisons is only a matter of degree I uh personally believe there's a

degree I uh personally believe there's a great similarity between the

great similarity between the psychological profile of a bomber and a

psychological profile of a bomber and a poisoner because what is a poison other

poisoner because what is a poison other than a chemical bomb it doesn't make any

than a chemical bomb it doesn't make any noise the effect is the same you blow up

noise the effect is the same you blow up the

the victim poisoning is more subtle and May

victim poisoning is more subtle and May at first go

at first go undetected but there's no statute of

undetected but there's no statute of limitations on murder and poison leaves

limitations on murder and poison leaves its traces for a very long time one clue

its traces for a very long time one clue is all it takes to expose the

is all it takes to expose the truth and of course every poisoner looks

truth and of course every poisoner looks for the perfect poison that's

for the perfect poison that's undetectable and my answer is what would

undetectable and my answer is what would you call it if it's got a name don't you

you call it if it's got a name don't you have to see something to name it and if

have to see something to name it and if you see it is it not detectable so there

you see it is it not detectable so there is no perfect non-detectable

is no perfect non-detectable poison Judy buenoano received 12 12

poison Judy buenoano received 12 12 years for bombing Gentry's car life in

years for bombing Gentry's car life in prison for the drowning death of her son

prison for the drowning death of her son and is on death row for poisoning her

and is on death row for poisoning her husband for the death of Bobby Joe

husband for the death of Bobby Joe Morris there was simply no punishment

Morris there was simply no punishment left to give

left to give her she is one of only 48 women ever

her she is one of only 48 women ever sentenced to death in the United

sentenced to death in the United States it took years for Bueno ano's

States it took years for Bueno ano's methodical poisonings to catch up with

methodical poisonings to catch up with her but once her villainy was revealed

her but once her villainy was revealed the evidence was

the evidence was irrefutable across the country

irrefutable across the country scientists faced a more perplexing

scientists faced a more perplexing dilemma how could the body of a Dying

dilemma how could the body of a Dying woman poison the staff of an emergency

room just after 8:00 p.m. on February 9th

9th 1994 paramedics whisked 31-year-old

1994 paramedics whisked 31-year-old Gloria Ramirez into the emergency room

Gloria Ramirez into the emergency room at California's Riverside

at California's Riverside Hospital her boyfri friend called

Hospital her boyfri friend called because she collapsed and had trouble

because she collapsed and had trouble breathing the paramedics related to the

breathing the paramedics related to the ER staff that the patient had cervical

ER staff that the patient had cervical cancer but she hadn't yet begun

cancer but she hadn't yet begun chemotherapy in fact there was nothing

chemotherapy in fact there was nothing in her record to prepare the ER for what

in her record to prepare the ER for what was to

come when Ramirez arrived at the emergency room she already had an oxygen

emergency room she already had an oxygen mask on her face you need nurse nurses

mask on her face you need nurse nurses then her heart rhythm began to fluctuate

then her heart rhythm began to fluctuate and the staff tried to shock it back to

and the staff tried to shock it back to normal it wasn't

normal it wasn't [Music]

[Music] working a nurse drew blood to run some

working a nurse drew blood to run some tests and that's when the well

tests and that's when the well choreographed chaos of the emergency

choreographed chaos of the emergency room began to Fall to

room began to Fall to Pieces Ramirez's body began to take on

Pieces Ramirez's body began to take on an oily

an oily Sheen the nurse drawing the blood

Sheen the nurse drawing the blood complained of a strange

complained of a strange [Music]

odor she handed the hypodermic to a physician then she passed

out the odor something like garlic or ammonia

ammonia increased beige crystals were noticed in

increased beige crystals were noticed in the blood

how many we lost in short order another nurse became

lost in short order another nurse became dizzy and went to the nurses station to

dizzy and went to the nurses station to rest there she lost

rest there she lost Consciousness her arms and legs began to

Consciousness her arms and legs began to shake

shake uncontrollably occasionally she'd stop

uncontrollably occasionally she'd stop breathing then one of the doctors

breathing then one of the doctors succumbed Ramirez was still not

succumbed Ramirez was still not stabilized

stabilized [Music]

[Music] what's going on an emergency was

what's going on an emergency was declared as attendants rushed in to

declared as attendants rushed in to clear the collapsing staff and attend to

Ramirez as the emergency room was evacuated gurns were wheeled into the

evacuated gurns were wheeled into the parking

parking lot unable to cope with the bizarre

lot unable to cope with the bizarre Onslaught Riverside sent its staff and

Onslaught Riverside sent its staff and patients to other

patients to other hospitals the caregivers suddenly became

hospitals the caregivers suddenly became the patience bedum ruled and at its

the patience bedum ruled and at its Center lay a helpless dying

woman within 15 minutes of contact with Gloria Ramirez 27 of the 37 staff

Gloria Ramirez 27 of the 37 staff members at Riverside Hospital suffered

members at Riverside Hospital suffered strange

strange symptoms respiratory therapist Moren

symptoms respiratory therapist Moren Welch was one of

Welch was one of them after I awoke um out side was very

them after I awoke um out side was very sick uncontrollable Tremors nausea

sick uncontrollable Tremors nausea wretching um difficulty

wretching um difficulty breathing um my vision felt kind of

breathing um my vision felt kind of limited at that time I could only see

limited at that time I could only see things close to me okay it's okay it's

things close to me okay it's okay it's okay there was simply no explaining what

okay there was simply no explaining what could have caused the

could have caused the symptoms okay many of those affected

symptoms okay many of those affected recovered

recovered quickly others spent weeks in the

quickly others spent weeks in the hospital

within 35 minutes of Ramirez's arrival at the hospital she was pronounced

at the hospital she was pronounced dead the crisis had passed but the

dead the crisis had passed but the mystery

mystery deepened 35 her body was sealed in two

deepened 35 her body was sealed in two plastic bags and an airtight casket

plastic bags and an airtight casket before being moved to the hospital

morg to find the cause of the catastrophe the Riverside hazardous

catastrophe the Riverside hazardous materials or HazMat team arrived suited

materials or HazMat team arrived suited for

for battle duct work sewage lines plumbing

battle duct work sewage lines plumbing and waste disposal were thoroughly

and waste disposal were thoroughly checked the air in the emergency room

checked the air in the emergency room was electronically sniffed for toxic

was electronically sniffed for toxic gases solvents or

gases solvents or chemicals nothing was overlooked and

chemicals nothing was overlooked and nothing could explain what happened on

nothing could explain what happened on the sink put them in The Biohazard

the sink put them in The Biohazard bag once the emergency room was given a

bag once the emergency room was given a clean bill of health suspicions turned

clean bill of health suspicions turned to the

to the patient an autopsy revealed nothing

extraordinary Gloria Ramirez died of kidney failure as a result of her

cancer dissatisfied with the findings and desperate for an explanation

and desperate for an explanation Hospital officials sent Blood and Tissue

Hospital officials sent Blood and Tissue samples from Ramirez to Lawrence

samples from Ramirez to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 60 m east

Livermore National Laboratory 60 m east east of San

Francisco solvents were added to Ramirez blood

sample organic chemicals in the blood were dissolved leaving water and blood

were dissolved leaving water and blood cells

cells behind the result is a highly

behind the result is a highly concentrated extract of the chemicals in

concentrated extract of the chemicals in the

blood Brian andreon is the director of the

the center here in our our Laboratory are

center here in our our Laboratory are very precise analytical tools that allow

very precise analytical tools that allow us to look at every chemical that we

us to look at every chemical that we extracted from the blood sample and

extracted from the blood sample and actually determine the chemical

actually determine the chemical structure and even get concentrations

structure and even get concentrations all down at ultra low

concentrations identifying the chemicals took a two-pronged

approach first the extract of Ramirez blood was heated in a gas chromatograph

blood was heated in a gas chromatograph until it vaporized

until it vaporized because every chemical vaporizes at a

because every chemical vaporizes at a different rate the components

separated the spectrometer then identified each chemical by reading the

identified each chemical by reading the patterns of light they emitted the

patterns of light they emitted the results were then plotted on a computer

results were then plotted on a computer in the form of Peaks and

in the form of Peaks and valleys what would Ramirez blood reveal

valleys what would Ramirez blood reveal every Peak here is a different unique

every Peak here is a different unique chemical that was in the blood of Mrs

chemical that was in the blood of Mrs Ramirez and things stand out it's very

Ramirez and things stand out it's very obvious this is all Tylenol or

obvious this is all Tylenol or acetominophen is right here cholesterol

acetominophen is right here cholesterol is here other drugs and a very unusual

is here other drugs and a very unusual chemical that we initially discovered

chemical that we initially discovered which was right here we don't know what

which was right here we don't know what it is at this moment but luckily we have

it is at this moment but luckily we have libraries that when you actually search

libraries that when you actually search a library in the computer it will print

a library in the computer it will print out what this chemical is

out what this chemical is it turned out to be a high concentration

it turned out to be a high concentration of a chemical called dimethyl sulphone

of a chemical called dimethyl sulphone or

or dmso2 it comes from the breakdown of

dmso2 it comes from the breakdown of another chemical DMSO or dimethyl

another chemical DMSO or dimethyl sulfoxide though it's manufactured as an

sulfoxide though it's manufactured as an industrial lubricant DMSO is used by

industrial lubricant DMSO is used by thousands of athletes and arthritis

thousands of athletes and arthritis sufferers to relieve

sufferers to relieve pain it's conceivable that Ramirez was

pain it's conceivable that Ramirez was using it for this

using it for this purpose but its waste product

purpose but its waste product dmso2 is not toxic even in the high

dmso2 is not toxic even in the high concentrations found in her

concentrations found in her tissues its presence did nothing to

tissues its presence did nothing to explain why the emergency room was

explain why the emergency room was brought to its

knees from his findings andron had to conclude he'd found nothing to account

conclude he'd found nothing to account for the harrowing events on the night

for the harrowing events on the night Ramirez

Ramirez died without any physical explanation

died without any physical explanation for what was now being called the

for what was now being called the Ramirez incident the California

Ramirez incident the California Department of Health Services wrote it

Department of Health Services wrote it off to mass hysteria due to

off to mass hysteria due to stress the healthcare workers were not

stress the healthcare workers were not buying it okay my response to the claim

buying it okay my response to the claim of mass was not something that I can

of mass was not something that I can entertain personally because the people

entertain personally because the people involved in emergency care and in

involved in emergency care and in particular this emergency room were all

particular this emergency room were all like a well oiled machine they'd all had

like a well oiled machine they'd all had tons of experience 15 or years better

tons of experience 15 or years better Veterans of all types of occurrences and

Veterans of all types of occurrences and this was just something else that they

this was just something else that they had to take care of and uh you can't you

had to take care of and uh you can't you can't argue with that I mean these

can't argue with that I mean these people are not generally

people are not generally hysterical unwilling to accept the

hysterical unwilling to accept the ruling of the health department Welch

ruling of the health department Welch did some homework of her

did some homework of her own she knew that many of her colleagues

own she knew that many of her colleagues and she herself had suffered long-term

and she herself had suffered long-term health problems not the sort of symptoms

health problems not the sort of symptoms induced by mass

induced by mass hysteria she gathered up lab reports

hysteria she gathered up lab reports medical records and cont Ed Brian

andron andron and his colleague deputy director Patrick Grant looked over the

director Patrick Grant looked over the data Welch sent

data Welch sent them they focused on the one compound

them they focused on the one compound that didn't seem to

that didn't seem to fit basically I came back into my office

fit basically I came back into my office and started looking up compounds in the

and started looking up compounds in the chemist Bible the Merc index mhm looked

chemist Bible the Merc index mhm looked up dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl

up dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone and fortunately um they're right

sulfone and fortunately um they're right there together in language even a a

there together in language even a a nuclear chemist can understand and um at

nuclear chemist can understand and um at that point I realized that oxidation was

that point I realized that oxidation was the connector between the two can you

the connector between the two can you talk to me if Ramirez was taking DMSO on

talk to me if Ramirez was taking DMSO on her own to relieve her pain it seemed

her own to relieve her pain it seemed plausible the extra oxygen she was given

plausible the extra oxygen she was given on the way to the hospital could have

on the way to the hospital could have sped the chemical's transformation to

sped the chemical's transformation to its waste product

its waste product dmso2 DMSO is oily and has a garlic

dmso2 DMSO is oily and has a garlic smell that could explain the sheen on

smell that could explain the sheen on Ramirez skin and the odor in the

Ramirez skin and the odor in the emergency

emergency room but it didn't explain why so many

room but it didn't explain why so many people were

people were sickened Pat Grant began to formulate a

sickened Pat Grant began to formulate a theory on the same page in the drug

theory on the same page in the drug manual as DMSO and

manual as DMSO and dmso2 was an entry for

dmso4 the only difference between the two compounds was more oxygen

two compounds was more oxygen but it was a crucial difference dmso2 is

but it was a crucial difference dmso2 is a harmless vapor

a harmless vapor dmso4 is a deadly nerve

dmso4 is a deadly nerve gas and if you read the toxicities and

gas and if you read the toxicities and the various symptoms of people that are

the various symptoms of people that are exposed to dimethyl sulfate experience

exposed to dimethyl sulfate experience um it was quite similar to the Riverside

um it was quite similar to the Riverside incident Grant's Theory sounded good on

incident Grant's Theory sounded good on paper but no one had ever turned

paper but no one had ever turned harmless

harmless dmso2 into deadly dmso4 in the lab by

dmso2 into deadly dmso4 in the lab by simply adding more

simply adding more oxygen if Grant was asserting that a

oxygen if Grant was asserting that a dying woman could somehow change into a

dying woman could somehow change into a canister of nerve gas he was going to

canister of nerve gas he was going to have to prove

it the scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory had a daunting task

National Laboratory had a daunting task ahead of them to see if dmso2 could turn

ahead of them to see if dmso2 could turn into its dead cousin dmso4 in the

into its dead cousin dmso4 in the emergency room they had to replicate the

emergency room they had to replicate the conditions during the last few minutes

conditions during the last few minutes of Gloria ramirz

of Gloria ramirz life the work was assigned to analytical

life the work was assigned to analytical chemist Rich

chemist Rich Whipple the first obstacle was the

Whipple the first obstacle was the nature of the two

nature of the two substances while harmless dmso2

substances while harmless dmso2 dissolves in blood deadly dmso4 doesn't

dissolves in blood deadly dmso4 doesn't so how could the compound be in Ramirez

so how could the compound be in Ramirez veins the answer is it

veins the answer is it couldn't our belief is that she had

couldn't our belief is that she had dmso2 in the blood and then when it was

dmso2 in the blood and then when it was withdrawn from her system it was then

withdrawn from her system it was then converted to

converted to dmso4 the chemical event if it happened

dmso4 the chemical event if it happened at all happened in the

at all happened in the syringe using a substitute for human

syringe using a substitute for human blood Whipple performed an experiment to

blood Whipple performed an experiment to show how a change in temperature could

show how a change in temperature could change the form of the

change the form of the chemical at body temperature dmso2 stays

chemical at body temperature dmso2 stays dissolved in the solution but cooled to

dissolved in the solution but cooled to room temperature it forms crystals

room temperature it forms crystals crystals like the ones witnessed by some

crystals like the ones witnessed by some of the emergency room

of the emergency room staff in her body Ramirez's blood was

staff in her body Ramirez's blood was 98.6 de but the portion drawn into the

98.6 de but the portion drawn into the syringe was immediately cooled to around

syringe was immediately cooled to around 64°

64° the temperature of the emergency room

the temperature of the emergency room the DraStic temperature change may have

the DraStic temperature change may have caused the dmso2 crystals to separate

caused the dmso2 crystals to separate out everything about the theory seemed

out everything about the theory seemed to be holding together except one

to be holding together except one crucial point whle Didn't manage to

crucial point whle Didn't manage to produce any detectable

produce any detectable dmso4 but lab tests can never perfectly

dmso4 but lab tests can never perfectly replicate a real life

replicate a real life situation in the emergency room only the

situation in the emergency room only the slightest amount of DMs so4 would have

slightest amount of DMs so4 would have been needed to sicken all those

been needed to sicken all those staffers one1 of a gram of the substance

staffers one1 of a gram of the substance can be

can be lethal in smaller doses dmso4 can cause

lethal in smaller doses dmso4 can cause long-term nerve damage and other

long-term nerve damage and other lingering health

lingering health problems a year or more after the

problems a year or more after the Ramirez incident some of the staffers in

Ramirez incident some of the staffers in the emergency room still had

the emergency room still had symptoms Grant believes this is further

symptoms Grant believes this is further evidence in favor of a chemical

evidence in favor of a chemical explanation not mass hysteria or some

explanation not mass hysteria or some other psychological

other psychological cause in comparison to the other

cause in comparison to the other theories that

theories that were out there before we proposed our

were out there before we proposed our chemical Theory I would believe it over

chemical Theory I would believe it over Mass hysteria of an experienced

Mass hysteria of an experienced emergency room

emergency room staff though Grant's findings are

staff though Grant's findings are generally accepted many scientists await

generally accepted many scientists await further proof before they're

further proof before they're convinced until the mechanism for the

convinced until the mechanism for the deadly transformation is fully stood

deadly transformation is fully stood there remains a slim chance that the

there remains a slim chance that the Ramirez incident could happen

Ramirez incident could happen again the events in Riverside's

again the events in Riverside's emergency room highlight how toxic

emergency room highlight how toxic hazards can come from the least likely

hazards can come from the least likely sources that's a fact poisoners Ed to

sources that's a fact poisoners Ed to their

advantage since anything can be a poison the killer can hide his weapon in plain

the killer can hide his weapon in plain sight how you doing how are you good at

sight how you doing how are you good at 7:00 a.m. October 3rd

7:00 a.m. October 3rd 1988 Peggy Carr arrived at a restaurant

1988 Peggy Carr arrived at a restaurant in alur Florida where she worked as a

in alur Florida where she worked as a waitressing good as she waited for her

waitressing good as she waited for her shift to start she began to feel ill

shift to start she began to feel ill just soon her legs started to burn and

just soon her legs started to burn and pain wacked her chest she thought she

pain wacked her chest she thought she was having a heart

was having a heart [Music]

[Music] attack one of the regulars former Army

attack one of the regulars former Army medic checked her pulse and reassured

medic checked her pulse and reassured her that whatever was ailing her it

her that whatever was ailing her it wasn't her heart I don't know I just but

wasn't her heart I don't know I just but the pain continued to grow Peggy was

the pain continued to grow Peggy was sent home to rest know what's wrong just

sent home to rest know what's wrong just the pain was unrelenting and Peggy's

the pain was unrelenting and Peggy's family sent her to the hospital

family sent her to the hospital tight she was admitted and placed under

tight she was admitted and placed under observation I just didn't feel 16 hours

observation I just didn't feel 16 hours after her first symptoms Peggy Carr was

after her first symptoms Peggy Carr was practically

practically incapacitated and her position was

incapacitated and her position was stumped yeah 3 days and a battery of

stumped yeah 3 days and a battery of tests later doctors were no closer to

tests later doctors were no closer to making a

making a diagnosis horse then just as

diagnosis horse then just as mysteriously as they had begun Peggy's

mysteriously as they had begun Peggy's symptoms began to fade yeah just she was

symptoms began to fade yeah just she was sent home arms and my chest is real but

sent home arms and my chest is real but within a week the crushing pain gripped

within a week the crushing pain gripped her

again she was rushed back to the hospital besides the intense pain in her

hospital besides the intense pain in her Limbs and Joints her hair began to fall

Limbs and Joints her hair began to fall she was becoming unable to

she was becoming unable to move tests still showed nothing wrong

move tests still showed nothing wrong with

with her doctors thought some virus had

her doctors thought some virus had nestled in her nervous

nestled in her nervous system she told her neurologist that she

system she told her neurologist that she felt like she was walking on hot

felt like she was walking on hot coals the description brought to mind

coals the description brought to mind something he'd only read

something he'd only read about he decided to try one more test

about he decided to try one more test for thalium

for thalium poisoning thalium is a natural element

poisoning thalium is a natural element found found in Trace Amounts in soil and

found found in Trace Amounts in soil and water its purified form is strictly

water its purified form is strictly regulated up until 1972 when it was

regulated up until 1972 when it was banned in the United States it was used

banned in the United States it was used in Rat and ant

in Rat and ant poisons test showed that Peggy car's

poisons test showed that Peggy car's system had 20,000 times the amount of

system had 20,000 times the amount of thallium one might expect to find the

thallium one might expect to find the poison was eating away her nervous

poison was eating away her nervous system there was no cure

at first Peggy's poisoning was considered accidental girl from church

considered accidental girl from church tests on her family revealed that

tests on her family revealed that everyone in the car household had traces

everyone in the car household had traces of it oh oh we can't decide the Pope

of it oh oh we can't decide the Pope County Sheriff's department and the

County Sheriff's department and the health department combed the car's house

health department combed the car's house to find the source of the

to find the source of the contaminant detective Ernie miny led the

contaminant detective Ernie miny led the investigation how about our sole purpose

investigation how about our sole purpose was to identify that poison and have

was to identify that poison and have removed from the environment to prevent

removed from the environment to prevent further injury to any of the

further injury to any of the persons over the next month

persons over the next month investigators collected food water and

investigators collected food water and soil samples in the car's home and

soil samples in the car's home and neighborhood you know checking out

neighborhood you know checking out everything was sent to the lab to be

everything was sent to the lab to be tested after an impatient wait every

tested after an impatient wait every test came back

test came back negative investigators were desperate to

negative investigators were desperate to find the source of the poison look

out meanwhile Peggy could no longer breathe on her own and lapsed into a

coma the search for the poison continued can I have some more bag how many others

can I have some more bag how many others would be sickened before it was

would be sickened before it was found among the items collected from the

found among the items collected from the car's house were returnable bottles of

car's house were returnable bottles of Coca-Cola one of them was broken STS

Coca-Cola one of them was broken STS like this before all had residue on the

like this before all had residue on the bottom yeah like everything else they

bottom yeah like everything else they were sent off for

analysis the bottles joined the ranks of dozens of items collected from the car's

dozens of items collected from the car's house each had been subjected to the

house each had been subjected to the same test each had been

same test each had been eliminated investigators hoped to have

eliminated investigators hoped to have better luck with the

better luck with the bottles to test for thalium the residue

bottles to test for thalium the residue was dissolved in nitric acid

a sample was placed in a graphite tube and

vaporized then a lamp with aalum filament was shined into the

filament was shined into the tube the test relies on the principle

tube the test relies on the principle that every compound emits a specific

that every compound emits a specific wavelength of

wavelength of light an instrument called a

light an instrument called a spectrometer measured the amount of

spectrometer measured the amount of light absorbed by the

light absorbed by the sample it showed that the bottles

sample it showed that the bottles contained more than 11 times the level

contained more than 11 times the level of the toxin one might expect to

of the toxin one might expect to find finally the source of the poison

find finally the source of the poison had been

had been found but how did thallium get into the

found but how did thallium get into the soft drink were others out there waiting

soft drink were others out there waiting to be

consumed miny feared a manufacturing catastrophe or malicious

catastrophe or malicious tampering with the assistance of the FBI

tampering with the assistance of the FBI and the Coca-Cola company the lot

and the Coca-Cola company the lot numbers were traced back to the store

numbers were traced back to the store the warehouse and the bottling

the warehouse and the bottling plant the search came up clean off no

plant the search came up clean off no other bottles had been tainted and there

other bottles had been tainted and there had been no other reports of

poisoning the tainted bottles were specific to the car's

specific to the car's home but who would have done it find out

home but who would have done it find out about it later I think you might a

about it later I think you might a poisoner must have intimate contact with

poisoner must have intimate contact with his victim's surroundings in order to

his victim's surroundings in order to plant the toxin we decide what that's

plant the toxin we decide what that's why most poisonings are done within

why most poisonings are done within families that's that's up for Gra and

families that's that's up for Gra and that's why suspicion fell on P car had a

that's why suspicion fell on P car had a plan for at least 3 months P was Peggy's

plan for at least 3 months P was Peggy's second husband mons you they'd been

second husband mons you they'd been married only a few months when Peggy

married only a few months when Peggy grew ill but it seemed their honeymoon

grew ill but it seemed their honeymoon was long

was long over miny learned that just prior to the

over miny learned that just prior to the poisoning the cars had an argument that

poisoning the cars had an argument that resulted in Peggy spending the night in

resulted in Peggy spending the night in a

a hotel the weekend her symptoms first

hotel the weekend her symptoms first appeared pie was conveniently out of

appeared pie was conveniently out of town on a hunting trip

town on a hunting trip I just want when he returned he resisted

I just want when he returned he resisted taking his wife to the

hospital everything seemed to point to Pi

Pi car but convictions aren't made on such

car but convictions aren't made on such circumstantial

circumstantial evidence miny's criminal investigation

evidence miny's criminal investigation had just

had just begun more evidence needed to be

begun more evidence needed to be gathered more leads followed

It's s here somewhere fellas Carr's every move was scrutinized somewhere

every move was scrutinized somewhere almost as an afterthought he presented a

almost as an afterthought he presented a convenient clue in his own

convenient clue in his own defense he showed detectives a

defense he showed detectives a threatening note he claimed he received

threatening note he claimed he received 2 weeks before the

2 weeks before the poisoning the cars didn't pay much

poisoning the cars didn't pay much attention to it at the time but Pi kept

attention to it at the time but Pi kept it just in

it just in case this note indicated that ever who

case this note indicated that ever who had written it wanted the entire family

had written it wanted the entire family to move out of the state of Florida or

to move out of the state of Florida or else they would die the note along with

else they would die the note along with the fact that P car had consumed some of

the fact that P car had consumed some of the tainted soft drink weakened the

the tainted soft drink weakened the accusations against

accusations against him but he wasn't home free

him but he wasn't home free yet he could have written the note

yet he could have written the note himself and taken the poison

himself and taken the poison intentionally to deflect the Paw of

intentionally to deflect the Paw of guilt miny kept his eye on py car while

guilt miny kept his eye on py car while he sought other Suspects

he sought other Suspects who would want to kill the

who would want to kill the [Music]

family mincy learned that the cars didn't get along with their neighbors

didn't get along with their neighbors George tripal and his wife

Diana R several weeks before the poisoning Peggy and Diana almost came to

poisoning Peggy and Diana almost came to blows over the car's loud

blows over the car's loud music it hardly seemed like grounds for

music it hardly seemed like grounds for attempted murder

attempted murder to find out more about the icy

to find out more about the icy relationship between the neighbors mincy

relationship between the neighbors mincy paid a visit to George

paid a visit to George tripal trial's reaction to the subject

tripal trial's reaction to the subject of the cars was unexpectedly harsh he

of the cars was unexpectedly harsh he had went into a tiate about the problems

had went into a tiate about the problems with these rednecked children and family

with these rednecked children and family that live next to to him their kids make

that live next to to him their kids make all kinds of noise play the radio real

all kinds of noise play the radio real then mincy asked him why he thought

then mincy asked him why he thought anyone might want to harm the family I

anyone might want to harm the family I don't care what he quoted the

don't care what he quoted the threatening letter the cars had received

threatening letter the cars had received weeks before

weeks before verbatim he said exactly what was in a

verbatim he said exactly what was in a note nobody else knew of his existence

note nobody else knew of his existence nobody except for law

nobody except for law enforcement at that moment George tral

enforcement at that moment George tral became the prime

became the prime suspect but mincy had no more to go on

suspect but mincy had no more to go on with tripal than he had with P car so he

with tripal than he had with P car so he began looking into trp's surprising past

tral was an eccentric man who enjoyed creating games and crafting

creating games and crafting scenarios he also belonged to Mena an

scenarios he also belonged to Mena an elite Society of people whose IQs are

elite Society of people whose IQs are among the top 2% in the

among the top 2% in the world he and his wife were trained

world he and his wife were trained chemists what's more the quirky genius

chemists what's more the quirky genius had done time for masterminding one of

had done time for masterminding one of the largest amphetamine manufacturing

the largest amphetamine manufacturing operations in the southeast

operations in the southeast thalium is sometimes used to make

thalium is sometimes used to make amphetamines according to John trestrail

amphetamines according to John trestrail tripal had the means and the mind to

tripal had the means and the mind to orchestrate a

orchestrate a poisoning they can plan a script of a

poisoning they can plan a script of a death uh she'll be here and she'll be

death uh she'll be here and she'll be eating this and then she'll do this and

eating this and then she'll do this and I'll do this and it's all laid out so I

I'll do this and it's all laid out so I think this takes a great deal of of of

think this takes a great deal of of of intelligence to plan this out this is

intelligence to plan this out this is not a brute force weapon this is mind

not a brute force weapon this is mind not

not muscle but what would his motive

muscle but what would his motive be in his prison records miny found a

be in his prison records miny found a letter tripal wrote complaining to

letter tripal wrote complaining to officials about his fellow inmates

officials about his fellow inmates radios as hard as it was to believe loud

radios as hard as it was to believe loud music seemed to be an overwhelming sore

music seemed to be an overwhelming sore point for him

point for him Reon on March 3rd

Reon on March 3rd 1989 Peggy Carr died after lingering in

1989 Peggy Carr died after lingering in a coma for 3 months

a coma for 3 months steady miny now had to prove that tripal

steady miny now had to prove that tripal was a

was a murderer with nothing but the flimsiest

murderer with nothing but the flimsiest circumstantial evidence mincy couldn't

circumstantial evidence mincy couldn't get a search warrant for tra's

get a search warrant for tra's house the only way to crack this case

house the only way to crack this case was to outsmart the certified

genius after several months of background checks on George tral

background checks on George tral detective miny was confident he poisoned

detective miny was confident he poisoned Peggy car all he needed was

Peggy car all he needed was proof but tral was too clever to leave

proof but tral was too clever to leave Clues out in the open mincy needed to

Clues out in the open mincy needed to get inside his house and get inside his

get inside his house and get inside his head to carry it off he needed someone

head to carry it off he needed someone to befriend the alleged killer win his

to befriend the alleged killer win his confidence and then betray it for this

confidence and then betray it for this deadly game he counted on special agent

deadly game he counted on special agent Susan gor

she became Sher Gwyn a woman on the verge of divorce who counted on trial's

verge of divorce who counted on trial's shoulders to cry on she met him at a

shoulders to cry on she met him at a party that he organized for menum

party that he organized for menum members its theme was murder do that I

members its theme was murder do that I learned a lot about his personality and

learned a lot about his personality and about his habits about his

about his habits about his associates um one of the things that I

associates um one of the things that I learned was that he did have a a large

learned was that he did have a a large ego I I did

ego I I did use my personality of Sherry to play off

use my personality of Sherry to play off of that ego and to get him to talk

of that ego and to get him to talk more and I use that to my advantage I

more and I use that to my advantage I tell you I don't think you can ask the

tell you I don't think you can ask the Friendship blossomed slowly forcing

Friendship blossomed slowly forcing goric to maintain her Sherry gwy persona

goric to maintain her Sherry gwy persona for a full

for a full year never know's doing all the while

year never know's doing all the while she lived in fear that tral would see

she lived in fear that tral would see through her masade putting her life in

through her masade putting her life in danger slowly she gathered what evidence

danger slowly she gathered what evidence she could to build her case hoping he'

she could to build her case hoping he' tip his

tip his hand as the months went by she didn't

hand as the months went by she didn't have much I gained a multitude of small

have much I gained a multitude of small evidence small statements that all put

evidence small statements that all put together was overwhelming but if you

together was overwhelming but if you looked at one small

looked at one small statement it did not look like a lot of

statement it did not look like a lot of evidence Okay and like playing an

evidence Okay and like playing an excruciating game of hangman goric

excruciating game of hangman goric slowly Drew her picture of tripal as the

slowly Drew her picture of tripal as the murderer

murderer but even after a year she was still

but even after a year she was still waiting to add that final stroke

waiting to add that final stroke essential to win the

essential to win the game got do finally In December

game got do finally In December 1989 goric got the break she

1989 goric got the break she needed tripal and his wife moved out of

needed tripal and his wife moved out of town and allowed Sher Gwyn to rent their

town and allowed Sher Gwyn to rent their house as a tenant she could search the

house as a tenant she could search the entire property without a warrant I've

entire property without a warrant I've already the downstairs she got all she

already the downstairs she got all she could out of tripal perhaps now his

could out of tripal perhaps now his house would give up his

house would give up his secrets she called in the pul county

secrets she called in the pul county crime scene

crime scene unit they combed the premises collecting

unit they combed the premises collecting whatever they could

whatever they could find believing trapal would be too smart

find believing trapal would be too smart to have kept any thallium around his

to have kept any thallium around his house they looked for its Telltale

house they looked for its Telltale residue I truly believe that if we were

residue I truly believe that if we were going to find Thum that it would

going to find Thum that it would probably be either in the air

probably be either in the air conditioning filter or possibly down one

conditioning filter or possibly down one of the drains and we spent a lot of time

of the drains and we spent a lot of time with the crime scene people swapping the

with the crime scene people swapping the drains trying to get any residue that he

drains trying to get any residue that he may have poured

may have poured out while some investigators were in the

out while some investigators were in the house looking for trace evidence others

house looking for trace evidence others collected vials of chemicals from the

collected vials of chemicals from the garage everything was labeled and sent

garage everything was labeled and sent to the FBI for

to the FBI for analysis months went by before the

analysis months went by before the results came

results came back I assume because it took so long

back I assume because it took so long with the lab report that they didn't

with the lab report that they didn't find

find anything but goric was wrong when the

anything but goric was wrong when the reports came back they showed that one

reports came back they showed that one of the vials picked up from the

of the vials picked up from the workbench in tra's garage contained

workbench in tra's garage contained thallium

thallium powder for goric and mincy 15 months of

powder for goric and mincy 15 months of deception paid off the evidence to

deception paid off the evidence to convict George tripal of poisoning the

convict George tripal of poisoning the cars was in

cars was in hand at trial's trial it was clear that

hand at trial's trial it was clear that he was a Killer without a

he was a Killer without a conscience like the murder weekend party

conscience like the murder weekend party he organized death was just a game to

he organized death was just a game to him George trael had absolutely no

him George trael had absolutely no remorse for his action he justified it

remorse for his action he justified it with his Superior intelligence and the

with his Superior intelligence and the fact that people with lesser

fact that people with lesser intelligence

intelligence did not deserve to live on this

did not deserve to live on this planet unlike most poisoners trap's

planet unlike most poisoners trap's motive was neither love nor money yeah

motive was neither love nor money yeah yeah okay he wanted to kill his

yeah okay he wanted to kill his neighbors simply because he found them

annoying according to John trestrail the ego that led him to think so little of

ego that led him to think so little of others ultimately led to his own

others ultimately led to his own demise the container containing the

demise the container containing the evidence was left in his home why would

evidence was left in his home why would he do that here was a very intelligent

he do that here was a very intelligent man didn't he look down the road to say

man didn't he look down the road to say I better get rid of this bottle now his

I better get rid of this bottle now his ego said they'll never get this far

ego said they'll never get this far they'll never figure out how this

they'll never figure out how this happened a jury found George tral guilty

happened a jury found George tral guilty of 14 felony counts including

of 14 felony counts including first-degree murder in the death of

first-degree murder in the death of Peggy

Peggy Carr he was sentenced to death

as we go about our daily lives most of us seldom think about the toxic world we

us seldom think about the toxic world we live in in the past that lack of

live in in the past that lack of diligence provided the poisoners

diligence provided the poisoners greatest

greatest opportunity but now science is catching

opportunity but now science is catching up more than ever unexplained deaths are

up more than ever unexplained deaths are viewed with suspicion and in the lab

viewed with suspicion and in the lab more of those suspicions are being

more of those suspicions are being justified

justified [Music]

in Washington state two people die agonizing

agonizing [Music]

[Music] deaths both are victims of poison laced

deaths both are victims of poison laced Excedrin

Excedrin capsules the news causes public panic

capsules the news causes public panic and costs manufacturers tens of millions

and costs manufacturers tens of millions of

dollars in Virginia a Cardiac Care Unit experiences an epidemic of unexpected

experiences an epidemic of unexpected deaths is this bad care or bad luck or

deaths is this bad care or bad luck or is it something more sinister

is it something more sinister and a man tries to murder his wife in an

and a man tries to murder his wife in an insurance fraud your emergency I've got

insurance fraud your emergency I've got a medical emergency my wife is going

a medical emergency my wife is going into some kind of convulsion and she's

into some kind of convulsion and she's now she's her mouth is

now she's her mouth is [Music]

[Music] forming poisoners are among the most

forming poisoners are among the most elusive Killers today forensic

elusive Killers today forensic detectives are employing an arsenal of

detectives are employing an arsenal of techniques to uncover and convict

techniques to uncover and convict them who is winning the war

I and how's Miss Thomas doing no she's doing great good let me take her chart

doing great good let me take her chart I'm going down and check on it is 9:00

I'm going down and check on it is 9:00 on a Saturday night when Dr Joseph

on a Saturday night when Dr Joseph Whittle makes his final

Whittle makes his final rounds Whittle is co-director of the

rounds Whittle is co-director of the coronary Care Unit at General Hospital

coronary Care Unit at General Hospital in Petersburg

in Petersburg Virginia I'm Miss Thomas I'm Dr wed he

Virginia I'm Miss Thomas I'm Dr wed he has been on duty since noon it is time

has been on duty since noon it is time to go home among his patients is

to go home among his patients is Josephine Thomas a 73-year-old retired

Josephine Thomas a 73-year-old retired teacher she was admitted with heart

teacher she was admitted with heart problems several hours earlier and now

problems several hours earlier and now is resting comfortably

is resting comfortably at around 11:00 p.m. Whitt orders an

at around 11:00 p.m. Whitt orders an [Music]

[Music] IV Miss Thomas Miss

IV Miss Thomas Miss [Music]

[Music] Thomas the duty nurse signals a code

Thomas the duty nurse signals a code blue a patient emergency and calls in Dr

blue a patient emergency and calls in Dr Whittle Josephine Thomas is in

crisis it takes Whittle just 15 minutes to

return everyone clear

clear shopping too late Josephine Thomas

shopping too late Josephine Thomas cannot be revived

cannot be revived [Music]

[Music] the death troubles the staff an epidemic

the death troubles the staff an epidemic of unexpected deaths has struck the

of unexpected deaths has struck the Cardiac Care Unit in the past few

Cardiac Care Unit in the past few weeks two nurses suspect that Josephine

weeks two nurses suspect that Josephine Thomas may not have died of natural

Thomas may not have died of natural causes their suspicions deepen an hour

causes their suspicions deepen an hour and a half later when a package of

and a half later when a package of Lidocaine is found to be

Lidocaine is found to be missing okay lidocaine 2 G

missing okay lidocaine 2 G no you don't find any two G uh-uh we

no you don't find any two G uh-uh we didn't use a two G right well we should

didn't use a two G right well we should have one 2 G Lane in I don't have one

have one 2 G Lane in I don't have one lidocaine is a drug given to stabilize

lidocaine is a drug given to stabilize heartbeat in large concentrations it can

heartbeat in large concentrations it can be

be [Music]

[Music] fatal whenever a death seems unusual or

fatal whenever a death seems unusual or suspicious medical and law enforcement

suspicious medical and law enforcement Personnel are required to contact the

Personnel are required to contact the medical examiner's office hi Dr how are

medical examiner's office hi Dr how are you hello Jim how are you Dr Marcel

you hello Jim how are you Dr Marcel Fiero is chief medical examiner for the

Fiero is chief medical examiner for the state of Virginia in her first year as

state of Virginia in her first year as an assistant Medical examiner she worked

an assistant Medical examiner she worked on the Petersburg

on the Petersburg case the problem arose when it became

case the problem arose when it became apparent that there was one an increased

apparent that there was one an increased number of deaths in the unit as compared

number of deaths in the unit as compared to previous months and secondly that a

to previous months and secondly that a significant number of them were

significant number of them were occurring in the presence of or were

occurring in the presence of or were being discovered by Leroy

being discovered by Leroy Hargrave evening

Hargrave evening ladies Leroy Hargrave was a 21-year-old

ladies Leroy Hargrave was a 21-year-old nurse's

nurse's aid whose reputation around the hospital

aid whose reputation around the hospital was decidedly

mixed it was Hargrave who had called the alert on Josephine Thomas several other

alert on Josephine Thomas several other deaths had also occurred during

deaths had also occurred during Hargraves shifts was this coincidence or

Hargraves shifts was this coincidence or was something else going

on no one had seen Hargrave do anything wrong

wrong it would take all the resources of

it would take all the resources of forensic science to establish what had

happened throughout the United States an autopsy is performed whenever the cause

autopsy is performed whenever the cause of death is unknown this unknown male

of death is unknown this unknown male was found dead on a Michigan

was found dead on a Michigan Street all right go ahead and

Street all right go ahead and uh check the status of the hair looking

uh check the status of the hair looking for any injuries on the

for any injuries on the head how did the individual die

head how did the individual die was it natural death an accident a

was it natural death an accident a homicide or

homicide or suicide sometimes the answer is

suicide sometimes the answer is undetermined you make it to a hospital

undetermined you make it to a hospital no not this guy he was found dead in an

no not this guy he was found dead in an older part of town I'm wondering about

older part of town I'm wondering about lead poisoning you think we ought to get

lead poisoning you think we ought to get a heavy metal screen on him I think it'd

a heavy metal screen on him I think it'd be a good idea why don't we get some um

be a good idea why don't we get some um head hair too since arsonic can

head hair too since arsonic can accumulate in the hair if we do find

accumulate in the hair if we do find arsenic on the general heavy metal

arsenic on the general heavy metal screen then we can fractionate the hair

screen then we can fractionate the hair since hair grows about one cimet a month

since hair grows about one cimet a month uh see if there's any chronicity to the

uh see if there's any chronicity to the poisoning Pathologists gather a variety

poisoning Pathologists gather a variety of samples including muscle tissue brain

of samples including muscle tissue brain kidney urine and blood about 30 cc's

kidney urine and blood about 30 cc's will be enough

will be enough Paul all right let's get a piece of

Paul all right let's get a piece of kidney too Paul all

kidney too Paul all right each sample may tell a story about

right each sample may tell a story about the victim's life and death

poisoning is a rare occurrence according to James valenture head of the

to James valenture head of the toxicology laboratory for the

toxicology laboratory for the Commonwealth of

Commonwealth of Virginia poisoning is not automatically

Virginia poisoning is not automatically suspected it depends on the

suspected it depends on the circumstances or lack of other evidence

circumstances or lack of other evidence following the investigation if an

following the investigation if an autopsy is conducted on a young person

autopsy is conducted on a young person in otherwise apparent good health and no

in otherwise apparent good health and no cause of death is found then the

cause of death is found then the suspicion of drug involvement or drug

suspicion of drug involvement or drug contribution to that death increases and

contribution to that death increases and we proportionally increase our analysis

we proportionally increase our analysis until we rule out all the possibilities

until we rule out all the possibilities that we that we can today poison

that we that we can today poison Specialists called toxicologists employ

Specialists called toxicologists employ a bewildering array of sophisticated

a bewildering array of sophisticated Technologies antibodies protein

Technologies antibodies protein substances the body produces to combat

substances the body produces to combat foreign matter are used to detect toxins

foreign matter are used to detect toxins to test for cocaine and its metabolic

to test for cocaine and its metabolic products for example blood is mixed with

products for example blood is mixed with antibodies specific to certain parts of

antibodies specific to certain parts of the cocaine molecule a FL ENT label is

the cocaine molecule a FL ENT label is added to the mixture if cocaine is

added to the mixture if cocaine is present the pattern of fluoresence

present the pattern of fluoresence changes to identify poison compounds

changes to identify poison compounds they must be broken down into smaller

they must be broken down into smaller parts called ions Dr valenture and his

parts called ions Dr valenture and his colleagues use the most powerful

colleagues use the most powerful techniques available which include the

techniques available which include the gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer

gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer which are often used in

which are often used in combination chemicals are added to a

combination chemicals are added to a sample to separate any organic drugs

sample to separate any organic drugs present from the blood Matrix

the isolated portion is vaporized and passed along a hydrogen fil

passed along a hydrogen fil tube molecules of different size migrate

tube molecules of different size migrate through the tube at different

through the tube at different rates as molecules emerge from the tube

rates as molecules emerge from the tube their concentration is

their concentration is measured next the mass spectrometer

measured next the mass spectrometer shatters the molecule into ions its

shatters the molecule into ions its chemical building

chemical building blocks a complex molecule may generate

blocks a complex molecule may generate hundreds of ion fragments

hundreds of ion fragments the pattern of ions produced is unique

the pattern of ions produced is unique to a particular

to a particular molecule to identify the unknown

molecule to identify the unknown substance its ion signature is compared

substance its ion signature is compared to those of tens of thousands of

to those of tens of thousands of chemicals in the computer's

chemicals in the computer's database in time techniques like these

database in time techniques like these would reveal not one but six poisonings

would reveal not one but six poisonings at Petersburg General

at Petersburg General [Music]

[Music] [Applause]

[Applause] Hospital logic poison Center can I help

Hospital logic poison Center can I help you

you the world is filled with deadly

the world is filled with deadly chemicals an average home Harbors dozens

chemicals an average home Harbors dozens of dangerous substances such as chlorine

of dangerous substances such as chlorine bleach drain opener and aspirin each

bleach drain opener and aspirin each capable of causing

capable of causing death the blet regional poison Center in

death the blet regional poison Center in Grand Rapids Michigan receives thousands

Grand Rapids Michigan receives thousands of anxious phone calls each year many

of anxious phone calls each year many concern overdoses accidental or

concern overdoses accidental or intentional many more involve children

intentional many more involve children who have eaten some bright Berry or

who have eaten some bright Berry or sample the household bleach and a few

sample the household bleach and a few involve deliberate attempts to kill John

involve deliberate attempts to kill John trestrail directs the center and is an

trestrail directs the center and is an authority on poisons and

authority on poisons and poisoners well poisoning homicides

poisoners well poisoning homicides differ from normal homicides in that

differ from normal homicides in that they're usually are no

they're usually are no witnesses there are no visible signs of

witnesses there are no visible signs of trauma you see no bullet holes no stab

trauma you see no bullet holes no stab wounds no

wounds no bruises usually it's very covert very

bruises usually it's very covert very secret um the evidence is usually

secret um the evidence is usually lacking there's no cartridge cases or

lacking there's no cartridge cases or anything often it's missed and the crime

anything often it's missed and the crime scene is cleaned

scene is cleaned up trest tril's office reveals a

up trest tril's office reveals a lifetime of fascination with things

lifetime of fascination with things poisonous take for example um

poisonous take for example um spiders we know that uh this small

spiders we know that uh this small spider compared to one big spider here

spider compared to one big spider here you say well which one's more poisonous

you say well which one's more poisonous well most little kids will say OB

well most little kids will say OB viously the big one well the tarantula

viously the big one well the tarantula is no more no more worse than being

is no more no more worse than being stung by a bee but the Black Widow is

stung by a bee but the Black Widow is capable of killing so size is not always

capable of killing so size is not always associated with degree of

deadliness in trel's view Mankind's knowledge of poisons is extremely

ancient in all likelihood it goes back to making the connection between eating

to making the connection between eating something and getting sick

something and getting sick okay here we have an example of what

okay here we have an example of what primitive man might have first

primitive man might have first Associated cause and effect

Associated cause and effect relationships with here is a mushroom

relationships with here is a mushroom called The Fly AAR common name amonita

called The Fly AAR common name amonita musaria and it contains chemicals that

musaria and it contains chemicals that produce hallucinations and a lot of

produce hallucinations and a lot of other bad garbage that go with it but

other bad garbage that go with it but I'm sure at one time in prehistory man

I'm sure at one time in prehistory man looked at someone eating this and

looked at someone eating this and said what

said what he what he did when he ate this was it

he what he did when he ate this was it caus these symptoms and from that they

caus these symptoms and from that they said this mushroom contains these

said this mushroom contains these poisons I have this knowledge this

poisons I have this knowledge this knowledge led to mystery and and uh the

knowledge led to mystery and and uh the shadowy figures of the shamans and witch

shadowy figures of the shamans and witch doctors and everything so the whole

doctors and everything so the whole history of Toxicology began a couple

history of Toxicology began a couple hundred thousand years ago it was

hundred thousand years ago it was probably the third weapon developed

probably the third weapon developed after the stick and the stone the

after the stick and the stone the poison the essence of poisoning is

poison the essence of poisoning is stealth to shoot or strangle person the

stealth to shoot or strangle person the murderer must be

murderer must be present poison offers the opportunity of

present poison offers the opportunity of long-distance

homicide that's it there is also the chance that homicide won't be recorded

chance that homicide won't be recorded at all that the death will be deemed due

at all that the death will be deemed due to natural causes this is what had

to natural causes this is what had occurred at Petersburg general hospital

occurred at Petersburg general hospital until Josephine Thomas's death began to

until Josephine Thomas's death began to arouse

arouse suspicions the first lady came in and

suspicions the first lady came in and was a top seed and was found to have

was a top seed and was found to have serious heart disease but she also had

serious heart disease but she also had lethal concentrations of Lidocaine in

lethal concentrations of Lidocaine in her blood and in her tissues which she

her blood and in her tissues which she should not have had because she had no

should not have had because she had no order for it in her chart nor had she

order for it in her chart nor had she been given lidocain during her

been given lidocain during her code concerned about the rising death

code concerned about the rising death rate the hospital reviewed all the

rate the hospital reviewed all the fatalities since Leroy Hargrave had been

fatalities since Leroy Hargrave had been assigned to the unit I looked at her

assigned to the unit I looked at her just a very short period of time and

just a very short period of time and they identified 10 persons that they

they identified 10 persons that they thought might be at risk for Li aain

thought might be at risk for Li aain poisoning James Dalton now a judge was

poisoning James Dalton now a judge was assistant Commonwealth's Attorney in

assistant Commonwealth's Attorney in Petersburg when the deaths took

Petersburg when the deaths took place I received a call from an attorney

place I received a call from an attorney he said we've got a something I hope

he said we've got a something I hope doesn't exist but I'm I'm afraid that

doesn't exist but I'm I'm afraid that there's a possibility that there have

there's a possibility that there have been a number of people actually killed

been a number of people actually killed at the

at the hospital Dalton also learned the name of

hospital Dalton also learned the name of the chief suspect Leroy

the chief suspect Leroy Hargrave they were on his shift and he

Hargrave they were on his shift and he may have his shift may have varied but

may have his shift may have varied but uh he was he moved around so whenever he

uh he was he moved around so whenever he was on a shift but it was a night shift

was on a shift but it was a night shift normally that these occurred and I guess

normally that these occurred and I guess it was not too suspicious initially

it was not too suspicious initially because I think there is some history of

because I think there is some history of people dying at night more

people dying at night more frequently so far the EV was

frequently so far the EV was circumstantial Hargrave happened to be

circumstantial Hargrave happened to be around when the deaths took place to

around when the deaths took place to convince Dalton and ultimately a jury

convince Dalton and ultimately a jury that they were premeditated murders the

that they were premeditated murders the medical examiner had to show that the

medical examiner had to show that the patients had been given lidocaine in

patients had been given lidocaine in unusual

unusual amounts the task was made more difficult

amounts the task was made more difficult because several of the victims had been

because several of the victims had been dead for several

dead for several months it was a toxicological

months it was a toxicological masterpiece as far as detective work

masterpiece as far as detective work because there they were in one case

because there they were in one case they're working with fresh tissue in

they're working with fresh tissue in other instances they had to recover the

other instances they had to recover the poison from bodies which had been

poison from bodies which had been embalmed and buried and in the third

embalmed and buried and in the third instance they had to try and establish

instance they had to try and establish sufficient tissue levels in the biopsy

sufficient tissue levels in the biopsy samples from the previous

samples from the previous autopsies when it was all over of those

autopsies when it was all over of those 10 deaths that were

10 deaths that were suspicious six were established as due

suspicious six were established as due to acute lidocaine

poisoning persecutors piece together a likely scenario leading to Josephine

likely scenario leading to Josephine Thomas's death it begins with Hargrave

Thomas's death it begins with Hargrave stealing some

lidocaine once the Cardiac Care Unit has settled for the night he slips into

settled for the night he slips into Thomas's room

unobserved after loading a hypodermic with a massive dose of Lidocaine he

with a massive dose of Lidocaine he temporarily disables Thomas's cardiac

temporarily disables Thomas's cardiac monitor

alarm within seconds of administering the drug it will disrupt the rhythm of

the drug it will disrupt the rhythm of Thomas's heart causing a fatal

seizure then hardgrave raises the alarm to divert suspicion from himself we need

to divert suspicion from himself we need some help in here

some help in here Leroy Hargrave was convicted of

Leroy Hargrave was convicted of poisoning Josephine Thomas and sentenced

poisoning Josephine Thomas and sentenced to life

to life imprisonment he never confessed and his

imprisonment he never confessed and his motive for killing Thomas and the other

motive for killing Thomas and the other patients was never

patients was never established Dr Fiero talks about one

established Dr Fiero talks about one Theory the code the actual code

Theory the code the actual code procedure the cardiac arrest procedure

procedure the cardiac arrest procedure with the response by a a resuscitation

with the response by a a resuscitation team is a very dramatic event it's very

team is a very dramatic event it's very tense it's very rapid there are orders

tense it's very rapid there are orders there's no pleases there's no thankings

there's no pleases there's no thankings there's just instructions and this is

there's just instructions and this is quite exciting to persons who are on the

quite exciting to persons who are on the outside you know if you're not related

outside you know if you're not related to the person who's being coded so it

to the person who's being coded so it was thought that he really got into the

was thought that he really got into the code without the initial suspicions of

code without the initial suspicions of the nurses without the technology to

the nurses without the technology to precisely identify lidocaine weeks or

precisely identify lidocaine weeks or months after death Leroy Hargrave might

months after death Leroy Hargrave might have gone free

have gone free John

John trestrail how many bodies do you dig up

trestrail how many bodies do you dig up to find a bullet hole none they catch

to find a bullet hole none they catch that before they're buried how many

that before they're buried how many bodies do you dig up to find a poison

bodies do you dig up to find a poison most of them we're missing them at the

most of them we're missing them at the point of death and we're burying the

point of death and we're burying the evidence that's difficult to overcome

evidence that's difficult to overcome but that's what we're going to

but that's what we're going to do among the most difficult poisonings

do among the most difficult poisonings to detect are those involving product

to detect are those involving product tampering in 1982 seven people in

tampering in 1982 seven people in Chicago died from Poison Lac Tylenol a

Chicago died from Poison Lac Tylenol a rash of CopyCat crimes followed each

rash of CopyCat crimes followed each with its own bizarre

twist June 11th 1986 the town of Auburn Washington hey

Mom 15-year-old Haley snow finds her mother collapsed in the bathroom

Susan snow is unconscious her pulse is weak her breaths come in Long irregular

weak her breaths come in Long irregular gasps Haley dials

gasps Haley dials 911 within 4 hours this apparently

911 within 4 hours this apparently healthy 40-year-old mother of two will

healthy 40-year-old mother of two will be declared

[Music] dead when paramedics arrive at Seattle's

dead when paramedics arrive at Seattle's Harbor View Medical Center Susan snow is

comos Harbor View is the best Trauma Center in the Northwest but snow is

Center in the Northwest but snow is fading

fading fast Snow's condition puzzles the

fast Snow's condition puzzles the emergency team her brain appears swollen

emergency team her brain appears swollen inflamed she is struggling for breath

inflamed she is struggling for breath and her vital signs are failing she

and her vital signs are failing she never recovers Consciousness an hour

never recovers Consciousness an hour after admission she is declared brain

after admission she is declared brain dead what appeared at first as a random

dead what appeared at first as a random death soon will be revealed as murder it

death soon will be revealed as murder it will cost a pharmaceutical company tens

will cost a pharmaceutical company tens of millions of dollars inight public

of millions of dollars inight public panic and set off one of the largest law

panic and set off one of the largest law enforcement operations ever mounted in

enforcement operations ever mounted in Washington

Washington state special agents Jack cusac and Mike

state special agents Jack cusac and Mike burn were part of the FBI investigation

burn were part of the FBI investigation team the first victim in this case was

team the first victim in this case was uh Sue snow she was a 40-year-old bank

uh Sue snow she was a 40-year-old bank teller that lived in Auburn Washington

teller that lived in Auburn Washington and uh

and uh in her daily routine she always ingested

in her daily routine she always ingested aedin the cause of Susan Snow's death

aedin the cause of Susan Snow's death emerged almost by chance at her autopsy

emerged almost by chance at her autopsy the assistant medical examiner noticed

the assistant medical examiner noticed the smell of bitter almonds a Telltale

the smell of bitter almonds a Telltale sign of cyanide

sign of cyanide poisoning many people cannot detect the

poisoning many people cannot detect the odor by a quirk of genetics the

odor by a quirk of genetics the assistant medical examiner

could Dying by science isn't Pleasant inside each cell cyanide displaces

inside each cell cyanide displaces oxygen in the energy transport

oxygen in the energy transport mechanism deprived of oxygen cells

mechanism deprived of oxygen cells collapse the body dies slowly

collapse the body dies slowly asphyxiating bit by

asphyxiating bit by bit by June 16th the cyanide Source had

bit by June 16th the cyanide Source had been identified the bottle of extra

been identified the bottle of extra strength Excedrin capsules in Susan

strength Excedrin capsules in Susan Snow's

Snow's kitchen 750,000 bottles of of Excedrin

kitchen 750,000 bottles of of Excedrin were immediately recalled or withdrawn

were immediately recalled or withdrawn the news made headlines All Over

the news made headlines All Over America fresh in everyone's Minds were

America fresh in everyone's Minds were the Tylenol poisonings in

the Tylenol poisonings in Chicago how many would die this

Chicago how many would die this time to catch a poisoner it helps to get

time to catch a poisoner it helps to get inside his or her

inside his or her head John testal explains how poisoners

head John testal explains how poisoners Target their

Target their victims one is Type S s meaning specific

victims one is Type S s meaning specific victim that victim has a name they know

victim that victim has a name they know exactly who it's going to be whether

exactly who it's going to be whether it's their spouse or whether it's a

it's their spouse or whether it's a political figure or somebody they're

political figure or somebody they're going out after an individual with a

going out after an individual with a name the other type is Type R random

name the other type is Type R random victim in other words they know they're

victim in other words they know they're going to get somebody they have no idea

going to get somebody they have no idea who it's going to be and this is where

who it's going to be and this is where you find your tampers who are work at

you find your tampers who are work at work either for ego or for industrial

work either for ego or for industrial blackmail and uh sometimes you can

blackmail and uh sometimes you can actually find individuals cloaked and

actually find individuals cloaked and camouflaged as random poisoners that are

camouflaged as random poisoners that are specific so this gets to be a real mind

specific so this gets to be a real mind game the investigation of this kind of

game the investigation of this kind of an

an offender Susan Snow's death it would

offender Susan Snow's death it would turn out was a random killing she was

turn out was a random killing she was poisoned in a coldblooded attempt to

poisoned in a coldblooded attempt to draw attention away from the real

Target on June 5th 6 days before Susan Snow died Bruce niichel had suddenly

Snow died Bruce niichel had suddenly collapsed at his mobile home in Kent

collapsed at his mobile home in Kent Washington

when paramedics arrived they found the 52-year-old nickel on his back gasping

52-year-old nickel on his back gasping for

for breath what happened

breath what happened here his face was cherry red his body

here his face was cherry red his body deathly

deathly pale the paramedics had never seen such

pale the paramedics had never seen such symptoms

symptoms before Nichol's wife Stella told them he

before Nichol's wife Stella told them he had been complaining of headaches

had been complaining of headaches shortly before collapsing he had taken

shortly before collapsing he had taken two extra strength Excedrin

two extra strength Excedrin capsules Stella emphasized Excedrin over

capsules Stella emphasized Excedrin over and over the paramedics would remember

and over the paramedics would remember later she even retrieved the bottle from

later she even retrieved the bottle from her

kitchen evacuated to Harbor View Medical Center in Seattle nickel died a few

Center in Seattle nickel died a few hours later the autopsy recorded death

hours later the autopsy recorded death from natural causes nickel had died from

empyema strangely enough uh Stella nickel was also making a few additional

nickel was also making a few additional calls on her own she called her doctor

calls on her own she called her doctor are you sure this is what he died of she

are you sure this is what he died of she called the paramedics it could have be

called the paramedics it could have be anything else uh are you sure that you

anything else uh are you sure that you know he died of natural causes she

know he died of natural causes she wasn't quite that obvious but but she

wasn't quite that obvious but but she did make these telephone

did make these telephone calls Stella called again after news of

calls Stella called again after news of Susan Snow's poisoning appeared the lot

Susan Snow's poisoning appeared the lot number of Snow's Excedrin matched the

number of Snow's Excedrin matched the capsules Bruce had

capsules Bruce had taken tests quickly proved that nichels

taken tests quickly proved that nichels capsules were late Ed with

capsules were late Ed with cyanide nickel's body had been buried

cyanide nickel's body had been buried but a vial of his blood remained it too

but a vial of his blood remained it too was tested again

cyanide across the state shelves were cleared of Excedrin but of the thousands

cleared of Excedrin but of the thousands of bottles screened only five were found

of bottles screened only five were found to contain

cyanide a little quirky thing about that was Stella had two of the bottles and

was Stella had two of the bottles and even more strange that was she said hey

even more strange that was she said hey I bought one of the bottles about a

I bought one of the bottles about a month before Bruce

month before Bruce died and I bought the second

died and I bought the second bottle a little more than a week before

bottle a little more than a week before he

he died the odds of that are

died the odds of that are unbelievable Stella's deadly plan began

unbelievable Stella's deadly plan began to unfold first she poisoned Bruce with

to unfold first she poisoned Bruce with cyanide laced

cyanide laced capsules then to make his death appear a

capsules then to make his death appear a random killing she placed more

random killing she placed more contaminated capsules on drugstore

contaminated capsules on drugstore shelves investigators began searching

shelves investigators began searching for a motive they soon found one

for a motive they soon found one insurance

insurance fraud when Bruce Nichols died and he was

fraud when Bruce Nichols died and he was found to have died of natural causes

found to have died of natural causes Stella stood to gain approximately

Stella stood to gain approximately $31,000 if he died accidental death then

$31,000 if he died accidental death then this jumped up to about

this jumped up to about $178,000 and in addition to that she had

$178,000 and in addition to that she had a couple $20,000 all the

a couple $20,000 all the policies to insurance companies Dying by

policies to insurance companies Dying by poison counts as accidental death but at

poison counts as accidental death but at Bruce taken out the

Bruce taken out the policies handwriting experts scrutinized

policies handwriting experts scrutinized his signatures comparing them to

his signatures comparing them to Stella's the height and width of a

Stella's the height and width of a letter its shape and slope all contain

letter its shape and slope all contain Telltale Clues so does the fluidity the

Telltale Clues so does the fluidity the flow and Rhythm of the writing which is

flow and Rhythm of the writing which is very hard to

very hard to fake Bruce had not signed the

fake Bruce had not signed the documents Stella

documents Stella had could the investigators now tie

had could the investigators now tie Stella to the

cyanide when the capsules were shipped to the FBI's toxicology laboratory in

to the FBI's toxicology laboratory in Washington DC an unexpected clue

Washington DC an unexpected clue appeared the white powder was

appeared the white powder was contaminated with tiny green

contaminated with tiny green specks the specs were 99% sodium

specks the specs were 99% sodium chloride ordinary table salt

chloride ordinary table salt bulking out products with salt is a

bulking out products with salt is a common manufacturing practice but what

common manufacturing practice but what of the remaining

of the remaining 1% laboratory analysis revealed four

1% laboratory analysis revealed four separate chemicals two were used almost

separate chemicals two were used almost exclusively in preparations called

exclusively in preparations called alides One commercial product contained

alides One commercial product contained all four of the chemicals it came in the

all four of the chemicals it came in the form of tablets which were bright

green the laboratory called us back and said we have positively identified those

said we have positively identified those green

green crystals as a product known

crystals as a product known as algae Destroyer it's an algicide used

as algae Destroyer it's an algicide used in fish tanks by fish

in fish tanks by fish fanciers and that that really rang a

fanciers and that that really rang a bell for us because uh from the first

bell for us because uh from the first time any of our agents went in Stella's

time any of our agents went in Stella's residence it was obvious she was a fish

residence it was obvious she was a fish fancy she had fish aquariums all around

fancy she had fish aquariums all around the front

room the cyanide had to algae Destroyer would algae Destroyer now lead to

Stella agents combed pet stores all over Seattle someone might remember Stella

Seattle someone might remember Stella and the kind of algicide she

and the kind of algicide she preferred the search ended at a store

preferred the search ended at a store not far from where Stella lived it

not far from where Stella lived it stocked algae destroyer and the manager

stocked algae destroyer and the manager recognized a photograph of the woman who

recognized a photograph of the woman who frequently bought it

frequently bought it there it was Stella nickel

for months after Bruce Nicholls murder Stella avoided taking a polygraph test

Stella avoided taking a polygraph test her health would not permit it she

her health would not permit it she explained in November 1986 she finally

explained in November 1986 she finally agreed to

agreed to cooperate the test is designed to pick

cooperate the test is designed to pick up tiny physiological

changes blood pressure and pulse rate are carefully monitored each may change

are carefully monitored each may change when an individual

lies forensic detectives use the polygraph to eliminate innocent

polygraph to eliminate innocent individuals from their suspect list that

individuals from their suspect list that was not to be Stella's

was not to be Stella's fate I remember the comment she made

fate I remember the comment she made when we were walking back to the

when we were walking back to the examination room and she kind of turned

examination room and she kind of turned around and said uh I feel as though I'm

around and said uh I feel as though I'm walking into a lion's den I didn't

walking into a lion's den I didn't understand the significance of that

understand the significance of that comment but I thought a little unusual

comment but I thought a little unusual Stella took the took the examination I

Stella took the took the examination I formulated the questions they were

formulated the questions they were clearcut um did you cause your husband's

clearcut um did you cause your husband's death did you put potassium cyanide in

death did you put potassium cyanide in those extra strength eted in

those extra strength eted in capsules Stella clearly clearly showed

capsules Stella clearly clearly showed deception on the test when we uh

deception on the test when we uh informed her of that and straightforward

informed her of that and straightforward fashion she asked for her attorney who

fashion she asked for her attorney who was in the waiting room and uh basically

was in the waiting room and uh basically every knows how the Miranda Rights go

every knows how the Miranda Rights go that pretty much terminated that

that pretty much terminated that interview that

interview that day more trouble was in store for Stella

day more trouble was in store for Stella this time it came from an unexpected

this time it came from an unexpected Source her daughter

Cindy when she heard Stella had failed the polygraph she contacted Jack

the polygraph she contacted Jack cusac you know there's no doubt about it

cusac you know there's no doubt about it we had a lot of good breaks come our way

we had a lot of good breaks come our way on this case and one that paid off in

on this case and one that paid off in initially was the fact that Stella's

initially was the fact that Stella's daughter

daughter Cindy decided to uh share with us some

Cindy decided to uh share with us some of the conversations that she had had

of the conversations that she had had with her mother out at the

with her mother out at the airport in 1985 after years of feuding

airport in 1985 after years of feuding Stella and Cindy briefly

Stella and Cindy briefly reconciled they even got jobs together

reconciled they even got jobs together as security guards at Seattle Seatac

as security guards at Seattle Seatac Airport it was there in the pauses

Airport it was there in the pauses between flights that Cindy heard hints

between flights that Cindy heard hints of Stella's plan

first Stella asked her daughter where she might buy

she might buy heroin what was a lethal dose how much

heroin what was a lethal dose how much cocaine then she talked about hiring a

cocaine then she talked about hiring a Hitman to shoot Bruce while she was out

Hitman to shoot Bruce while she was out of town or less plausibly to kill him in

of town or less plausibly to kill him in an automobile

an automobile crash finally she talked about poisoning

crash finally she talked about poisoning Bruce now Cindy told us that you know my

Bruce now Cindy told us that you know my mother spent a lot of time doing

mother spent a lot of time doing research at the library

research at the library he said my mother would go to the

he said my mother would go to the libraries within the seatt area within

libraries within the seatt area within King County and research various

King County and research various plants at first Stella hoped to identify

plants at first Stella hoped to identify poisonous plants on her property which

poisonous plants on her property which she could surreptitiously feed to

she could surreptitiously feed to Bruce to check out Cindy's Story the FBI

Bruce to check out Cindy's Story the FBI sent teams of agents to every library in

sent teams of agents to every library in South Kent County it was a Monumental

South Kent County it was a Monumental task they were searching for a a book

task they were searching for a a book any book that would tie Stella to

poison boxes of books were sent back to the FBI laboratory in Washington DC

the FBI laboratory in Washington DC there a team of examiners scrutinized

there a team of examiners scrutinized them for Stella's

them for Stella's fingerprints we're kind of a part of the

fingerprints we're kind of a part of the the human behavior aspect of the case

the human behavior aspect of the case and that's a lot of ways that's pretty

and that's a lot of ways that's pretty interesting you're in on the interviews

interesting you're in on the interviews you're kind

you're kind of putting the piece of the puzzle

of putting the piece of the puzzle together a lot of the UN unsung heroes

together a lot of the UN unsung heroes in this

in this is the poor guy back in the FBI

is the poor guy back in the FBI laboratory that

laboratory that gets a half a truckload of books and a

gets a half a truckload of books and a set of fingerprints and said find him in

set of fingerprints and said find him in there and he spends months and months

there and he spends months and months all of a sudden calls us up one day and

all of a sudden calls us up one day and says hey in this one book of the

says hey in this one book of the multitude of books you sent me I found

multitude of books you sent me I found 104 of Stella's finger tips in there and

104 of Stella's finger tips in there and I found three palm

I found three palm prints you can imagine when we're on the

prints you can imagine when we're on the receiving a telephone call like

that the circle was closing on Stella special agent Mike

Stella special agent Mike burn so now we have library books that

burn so now we have library books that we went out came up with their latent

we went out came up with their latent prints on library books where she

prints on library books where she actually researched cyanide we had the

actually researched cyanide we had the insurance uh where she forged Bruce's

insurance uh where she forged Bruce's signature and now we have the algae

signature and now we have the algae destroy product that she actually

destroy product that she actually purchased on May 9th 198 8 Stella nickel

purchased on May 9th 198 8 Stella nickel was found guilty of murdering Bruce

was found guilty of murdering Bruce nickel and Susan Snow she was sentenced

nickel and Susan Snow she was sentenced to life imprisonment without

to life imprisonment without parole she never buckled when when Jack

parole she never buckled when when Jack had a chance to interview her said you

had a chance to interview her said you failed the polygraph examination it was

failed the polygraph examination it was just a stone face and she never buckled

just a stone face and she never buckled even to this day she's never she's never

even to this day she's never she's never said

anything no one saw Stella poison Bruce she never even met Susan Snow still she

she never even met Susan Snow still she refuses to face her

refuses to face her guilt denial may be a characteristic of

guilt denial may be a characteristic of poisoners according to John trestrail

poisoners according to John trestrail imagination is another we also find that

imagination is another we also find that poisoners are very

poisoners are very intelligent uh certainly more so than

intelligent uh certainly more so than the typical typical brute like clubbing

the typical typical brute like clubbing of an individual is a sophistication of

of an individual is a sophistication of the of the weapons delivery we find

the of the weapons delivery we find they're very artistic by artistic I

they're very artistic by artistic I don't mean they paint pretty pictures

don't mean they paint pretty pictures but I mean that they can Des design

but I mean that they can Des design almost something like a play Don't away

almost something like a play Don't away from investigators believe Joe Ming

from investigators believe Joe Ming adopted Stella nickols scenario when he

adopted Stella nickols scenario when he read about her story in reader

read about her story in reader digest the case begins on February 2nd

digest the case begins on February 2nd 1991 in Tumwater Washington 50 mes

1991 in Tumwater Washington 50 mes Southwest of Stella Nichols

home one evening as the mealings are preparing for bed Joe reminds his wife

preparing for bed Joe reminds his wife Jennifer to take

Jennifer to take aaed Jennifer snoring disturbs him he

aaed Jennifer snoring disturbs him he claims she must be

claims she must be congested Jennifer does not feel

congested Jennifer does not feel congested but under Joe's continued

congested but under Joe's continued pressure she

agrees a week earlier Joe had purchased some Puda fed capsules but why Sudafed

some Puda fed capsules but why Sudafed which they have never used and why

which they have never used and why capsules after Stella nickel Jennifer is

capsules after Stella nickel Jennifer is wary of using them

moments later Jennifer collapses and rapidly becomes

unconscious special agent Tom turgis was involved with the FBI

involved with the FBI investigation what happens when someone

investigation what happens when someone is poisoned by sodium cyanide was

is poisoned by sodium cyanide was perhaps best described by Joe Ming

perhaps best described by Joe Ming himself when he called the 911 operator

himself when he called the 911 operator and described to the operator

and described to the operator what was happening to his wife my wife

what was happening to his wife my wife is going into some kind of convulsion

is going into some kind of convulsion Second Avenue South yes 1111 Second

Second Avenue South yes 1111 Second Avenue South number two has she ever had

Avenue South number two has she ever had a pro a fure before had a problem before

a pro a fure before had a problem before how old is she she's 29

how old is she she's 29 28 she called me from the other room and

28 she called me from the other room and she's now she's her mouth is foaming

she's now she's her mouth is foaming take a deep breath you need to be calm

take a deep breath you need to be calm for your wife okay yes I'm calm okay

for your wife okay yes I'm calm okay does she use drugs or on any medication

does she use drugs or on any medication of any kind she just took a suit

of any kind she just took a suit ofed it was fast it was Swift and and

ofed it was fast it was Swift and and she was in

she was in agony rushed to the emergency room

agony rushed to the emergency room Jennifer is in a

Jennifer is in a coma the staff struggles to save her

coma the staff struggles to save her life treating Jennifer for diabetic keto

life treating Jennifer for diabetic keto acidosis elevated acid and blood sugar

acidosis elevated acid and blood sugar levels in the midst of it all Joe meing

levels in the midst of it all Joe meing makes a curious suggestion to the

makes a curious suggestion to the position in charge have you considered

position in charge have you considered poison cyanide in particular

recovers she tells the emergency room doctor that she had taken suit of fed at

doctor that she had taken suit of fed at her husband's

her husband's insistance the doctor alerts the police

insistance the doctor alerts the police and orders a cyanide test next day his

and orders a cyanide test next day his suspicions are confirmed there is

suspicions are confirmed there is cyanide in Jennifer's

blood without Joe Ming's comment about cyanide Jennifer Ming's poisoning might

cyanide Jennifer Ming's poisoning might have been overlooked just as Bruce

have been overlooked just as Bruce Nicholls poisoning initially was

Nicholls poisoning initially was missed but why don't toxicology

missed but why don't toxicology Laboratories routinely screen for

Laboratories routinely screen for Cyanide Washington State toxicologist Dr

Cyanide Washington State toxicologist Dr Barry

Barry Logan it's relatively uncommon to

Logan it's relatively uncommon to uncover an unsuspected poisoning uh

uncover an unsuspected poisoning uh usually if an investigation has been

usually if an investigation has been done properly by the uh investigator's

done properly by the uh investigator's office by the coroner's office uh we

office by the coroner's office uh we have information up front about what the

have information up front about what the circumstances are surrounding the death

circumstances are surrounding the death so we know whether it's likely to be a

so we know whether it's likely to be a poison or

poison or not dozens of compounds show up on

not dozens of compounds show up on routine drug screening tests cyanide

routine drug screening tests cyanide does not and there is a further

does not and there is a further complication prior tests for Cyanide

complication prior tests for Cyanide have uh taken a long time to do and uh

have uh taken a long time to do and uh it's been difficult to to to generate

it's been difficult to to to generate the results in a uh way in which the the

the results in a uh way in which the the information can be used effectively by

information can be used effectively by the investigators

the investigators before 1991 detecting cyanide involved a

before 1991 detecting cyanide involved a multi-step test which took at least a

multi-step test which took at least a day to complete every sample of tissue

day to complete every sample of tissue or blood had to be tested

or blood had to be tested separately Dr Logan has devised a

separately Dr Logan has devised a simpler procedure a litmus test

simpler procedure a litmus test chemicals are added to a sample

chemicals are added to a sample generating hydrogen cyanide gas if

generating hydrogen cyanide gas if cyanide is

cyanide is present at the same time the litmus

present at the same time the litmus strip paper impregnated with a complex

strip paper impregnated with a complex of chemicals is added to the tube if

of chemicals is added to the tube if hydrogen cyanide has been produced The

hydrogen cyanide has been produced The Strip turns purple the degree of

Strip turns purple the degree of coloration is a Rough Guide to how much

coloration is a Rough Guide to how much cyanide the sample

contains the test that we currently use in the slab to screen for the presence

in the slab to screen for the presence of cyanide is very easy to do uh we can

of cyanide is very easy to do uh we can do a large number of screens in a short

do a large number of screens in a short period of time which is a big

Advantage within days of Jennifer Ming's near poisoning Dr Logan had the

near poisoning Dr Logan had the opportunity to try out his new

opportunity to try out his new tests on February 11th and February 18th

tests on February 11th and February 18th there were two mysterious deaths both

there were two mysterious deaths both fell within Logan's

fell within Logan's jurisdiction we conducted our full drug

jurisdiction we conducted our full drug screen on the the sample and found uh

screen on the the sample and found uh the presence of therapeutic levels of a

the presence of therapeutic levels of a compound called pseudo aedin which is

compound called pseudo aedin which is the major component of ped that in

the major component of ped that in itself wasn't particularly remarkable

itself wasn't particularly remarkable but at the pathologist West we also did

but at the pathologist West we also did a test for cide uh the cide test came

a test for cide uh the cide test came back strongly positive uh a level that

back strongly positive uh a level that indicated uh almost certainly the cause

indicated uh almost certainly the cause of death as being cide

of death as being cide poisoning on March 1st a pattern finally

poisoning on March 1st a pattern finally emerged three cyanide poisonings two

emerged three cyanide poisonings two deaths all three victims had taken

deaths all three victims had taken ped next day Sudafed was withdrawn and

ped next day Sudafed was withdrawn and the FBI was called in before we we've

the FBI was called in before we we've actually focused on Joel because that's

actually focused on Joel because that's one of the things we look at are the

one of the things we look at are the victim families but Joel made several

victim families but Joel made several comments that that he is the primary

comments that that he is the primary suspect um and that he he's too smart to

suspect um and that he he's too smart to ever be caught and he certainly wouldn't

ever be caught and he certainly wouldn't be caught by by the

FBI but Joe Ming underestimated the agent's tenacity and the FBI's

resources FBI agents carefully examined the backing of the Puda fed packages in

the backing of the Puda fed packages in the hopes of finding some evidence of

the hopes of finding some evidence of [Music]

[Music] tampering they found that on untampered

tampering they found that on untampered packages the foil breaks when the pill

packages the foil breaks when the pill is pushed through the back leaving a

is pushed through the back leaving a jagged

edge but on the tampered packages the brake in the foil was

brake in the foil was smooth Ming had removed the capsules

smooth Ming had removed the capsules with a Razer carefully slicing them from

with a Razer carefully slicing them from the package so he could replace them

the package so he could replace them later

throughout the investigation we tried to learn about

investigation we tried to learn about nearly every aspect of Joe Ming's life

nearly every aspect of Joe Ming's life we tried to reconstruct everything that

we tried to reconstruct everything that he did for a fairly extensive time

he did for a fairly extensive time period geographically Place him into the

period geographically Place him into the areas of the crime scenes to find out

areas of the crime scenes to find out what's making him tick try to find the

what's making him tick try to find the motive how does he operate we want to

motive how does he operate we want to know everything about Joe meing

Joe and Jennifer married in 1986 from the beginning they had

1986 from the beginning they had quarreled mostly about

money Jennifer took multiple jobs to make 's meet Joe indulged his Hobbies

make 's meet Joe indulged his Hobbies photography computer and theatrical

photography computer and theatrical makeup but in the days before her

makeup but in the days before her poisoning Jennifer later admitted Joe's

poisoning Jennifer later admitted Joe's normal behavior had changed 5 days days

normal behavior had changed 5 days days before her collapse Joe bought the PED

before her collapse Joe bought the PED capsules which neither of them had used

before when Jennifer returned home she found Joe polishing his gram

found Joe polishing his gram scale why now he had not used it in 18

scale why now he had not used it in 18 months stranger still Joe was wearing

months stranger still Joe was wearing latex

latex gloves he never cleaned the kitchen it

gloves he never cleaned the kitchen it wasn't his

wasn't his job finally there was the matter of the

job finally there was the matter of the insurance policy

insurance policy Joe caught Jennifer on the way to work

Joe caught Jennifer on the way to work one day and asked her to sign what she

one day and asked her to sign what she thought was a small life insurance

thought was a small life insurance policy for only

$3,000 he knew exactly what he was doing he asked her to sign it when she was in

he asked her to sign it when she was in a hurry on the way out the door she

a hurry on the way out the door she signs and now he has a total of

signs and now he has a total of $700,000 on her

$700,000 on her life catching poisoners is rarely quick

life catching poisoners is rarely quick or easy despite the forensic detective's

or easy despite the forensic detective's arsenal of sophisticated scientific

arsenal of sophisticated scientific techniques often the most important

techniques often the most important element of a successful investigation is

element of a successful investigation is sheer

sheer doggedness the FBI evidence Response

doggedness the FBI evidence Response Team Begins by meticulously examining a

Team Begins by meticulously examining a crime scene agents Dawn special clothing

crime scene agents Dawn special clothing not to protect themselves but to

not to protect themselves but to safeguard the

safeguard the evidence with today's Ultra sensitive

evidence with today's Ultra sensitive techniques a single drop of blood or

techniques a single drop of blood or saliva a strand of hair or scraping of

saliva a strand of hair or scraping of skin may see seal the conviction of a

skin may see seal the conviction of a [Music]

[Music] criminal careful recordkeeping is vital

criminal careful recordkeeping is vital where each item was found when and by

where each item was found when and by whom must be documented if the evidence

whom must be documented if the evidence is to stand up in

court FBI headquarters in Washington receives So Many Items of evidence for

receives So Many Items of evidence for testing each day it has been given its

testing each day it has been given its own ZIP

code fingerprints still remain among the most important Clues the FBI has more

most important Clues the FBI has more than 200 million on

than 200 million on file there are dozens of ways to develop

file there are dozens of ways to develop otherwise invisible prints latent prints

otherwise invisible prints latent prints one of the most effective is with the

one of the most effective is with the vapor of super glue which adheres to the

vapor of super glue which adheres to the print and raises it to the

surface in the psea FED poisoning case agent turgis and his colleagues

agent turgis and his colleagues fingerprinted every piece of evidence

fingerprinted every piece of evidence that might implicate Joe

that might implicate Joe meing six contaminated bottles were

meing six contaminated bottles were eventually retrieved Reed but Joe's

eventually retrieved Reed but Joe's fingerprints could not be

fingerprints could not be found dozens of library books were

found dozens of library books were examined again without success perhaps

examined again without success perhaps Joe remembered that fingerprints helped

Joe remembered that fingerprints helped catch Stella nickel and so he wore

catch Stella nickel and so he wore rubber

rubber gloves FBI agents mapped the locations

gloves FBI agents mapped the locations where the tampered packs were found Joe

where the tampered packs were found Joe told the FBI he bought sua fed from a

told the FBI he bought sua fed from a store near his

store near his house other tampered packages turned up

house other tampered packages turned up in a store in the lace area near Joe's

in a store in the lace area near Joe's work but four stores in Tacoma also had

work but four stores in Tacoma also had tempered product special agent Tom

tempered product special agent Tom turgeson the red dots indicate places

turgeson the red dots indicate places where we could place Joe mailing through

where we could place Joe mailing through physical evidence through receipts

physical evidence through receipts through Witnesses and other methods

through Witnesses and other methods Place him in one store for instance and

Place him in one store for instance and and in other areas around the time frame

and in other areas around the time frame of the tamper rings and in the immediate

of the tamper rings and in the immediate surroundings of those

surroundings of those stores Joe's link to the two stores near

stores Joe's link to the two stores near his home and work were evident enough

his home and work were evident enough but what of the four stores in

Tacoma we found out that Joel would frequent uh the uh stripper bars and

frequent uh the uh stripper bars and talk to uh the the strippers and uh

talk to uh the the strippers and uh seemingly just relate his problems uh to

seemingly just relate his problems uh to them we found several of the uh danc ERS

them we found several of the uh danc ERS from uh topless dance clubs who

from uh topless dance clubs who recognized Joe Ming who testified

recognized Joe Ming who testified against him at the trial who placed him

against him at the trial who placed him up here at certain uh dates and times um

up here at certain uh dates and times um some of them uh said he was a regular

some of them uh said he was a regular frequenter of the establishments and

frequenter of the establishments and they easily recognized

him the investigators had tied Joe to the tampered Sudafed packages could they

the tampered Sudafed packages could they now tie him him to the

cyanide as the major suspect the FBI tapped Joe's telephone early on in the

tapped Joe's telephone early on in the investigation one day they heard him

investigation one day they heard him describe in Vivid detail a building he

describe in Vivid detail a building he had once

had once visited from the description FBI agents

visited from the description FBI agents identified it as the Emerald City

identified it as the Emerald City Chemical Company in Kent Washington

Chemical Company in Kent Washington among other things Emerald City chemical

among other things Emerald City chemical cell

cell cyanide when investigators examined the

cyanide when investigators examined the poison register for the day Joe had

poison register for the day Joe had visited the area they could not find his

visited the area they could not find his signature a Richard P Johnson had bought

signature a Richard P Johnson had bought cyanide that day it was all the FBI

cyanide that day it was all the FBI required as in the Stella nickel case

required as in the Stella nickel case handwriting analysis proved

handwriting analysis proved decisive despite Joe Ming's attempt to

decisive despite Joe Ming's attempt to disguise his handwriting there are clear

disguise his handwriting there are clear similarities between Richard P Johnson's

similarities between Richard P Johnson's signature and Joe's

signature and Joe's own consider the formation of the J for

own consider the formation of the J for example the shape of the o

example the shape of the o and the way the letters sit upon the

and the way the letters sit upon the line the person who signed the poison

line the person who signed the poison register was

Joe it was determined that juw Ming purchased one pound of sodium cyanide on

purchased one pound of sodium cyanide on January 11th a pound

January 11th a pound similar to this container which is a

similar to this container which is a representative container of sodium

representative container of sodium cyanide and you might have one pound

cyanide and you might have one pound that's a lot of poison considering a

that's a lot of poison considering a pill the size of a ped capsule killed

pill the size of a ped capsule killed two people and injured one

two people and injured one other one last Point puzzled the

other one last Point puzzled the investigators when the clerk at the

investigators when the clerk at the chemical store was shown a photograph of

chemical store was shown a photograph of Joe Ming he failed to recognize

Joe Ming he failed to recognize him in the residence of Joe Ming we

him in the residence of Joe Ming we found this array of theatrical makeup

found this array of theatrical makeup equipment uh experts in theatrical

equipment uh experts in theatrical makeup testified at his trial and

makeup testified at his trial and determined on the would stand that there

determined on the would stand that there is the equipment here available to make

is the equipment here available to make someone up to be unrecognized ible as to

someone up to be unrecognized ible as to their true identity we found a

their true identity we found a photograph of a person who looks elderly

photograph of a person who looks elderly graying hair wrinkled face and it's a

graying hair wrinkled face and it's a friend of Joel Ming in his late 20s

friend of Joel Ming in his late 20s early

30s it had taken 18 months of exhaustive Investigation but by August 1992 the FBI

Investigation but by August 1992 the FBI case against Joe Ming was complete

case against Joe Ming was complete shortly before Jennifer's poisoning he

shortly before Jennifer's poisoning he prepared six packages of ped

prepared six packages of ped in each he replaced the PED with

in each he replaced the PED with capsules filled with lethal doses of

capsules filled with lethal doses of cyanide five packets he returned to

cyanide five packets he returned to drugstore shelves one remained at home

drugstore shelves one remained at home to kill

to kill Jennifer Joe Ming was indicted on two

Jennifer Joe Ming was indicted on two counts of murder and the attempted

counts of murder and the attempted murder of Jennifer

murder of Jennifer Ming he is now serving life

imprisonment among evidence discovered at Joe's home agents found one last item

at Joe's home agents found one last item of note an outline for a screenplay

of note an outline for a screenplay about the poisoning of

Jennifer the protagonist James Martin is described as

described as devoted honest reliable sincere

truthful Joe Ming was greedy uh he was very selfish I don't think he was

very selfish I don't think he was concerned about the Health and Welfare

concerned about the Health and Welfare of his wife Jennifer

of his wife Jennifer he's concerned about

he's concerned about Joe just as Stella nickel learned from

Joe just as Stella nickel learned from the Tylenol poisonings and Joe Ming

the Tylenol poisonings and Joe Ming learned from Stella Nichols mistakes so

learned from Stella Nichols mistakes so too investigators learn to prevent and

too investigators learn to prevent and detect such

detect such murders Dr Barry Logan there's no way to

murders Dr Barry Logan there's no way to uh to prevent a product from being

uh to prevent a product from being tampered with what we can do is package

tampered with what we can do is package it in such a way that if anything is

it in such a way that if anything is done to interfere with the material that

done to interfere with the material that is evident to the person when they buy

is evident to the person when they buy it from the supermarket or before they

it from the supermarket or before they uh use the

uh use the product what's important for the

product what's important for the conviction of a poisoner are four things

conviction of a poisoner are four things I call the conviction pyramid number one

I call the conviction pyramid number one we have to have the victim number two we

we have to have the victim number two we have to have the poisoner and then we

have to have the poisoner and then we have to have the poison and the intent

have to have the poison and the intent and all these things have to be linked

and all these things have to be linked together poison to victim poison to

together poison to victim poison to offender offender to

offender offender to victim and then finally the intent was

victim and then finally the intent was the intent really to kill that

the intent really to kill that victim once you get those four things

victim once you get those four things locked on then you have the potential

locked on then you have the potential for a

for a conviction each year forensic science

conviction each year forensic science provides investigators with powerful new

provides investigators with powerful new tools how many poisoners still elude

tools how many poisoners still elude detection we don't know perhaps more

detection we don't know perhaps more than we would like to

than we would like to [Music]

[Music] admit who is winning the battle in the

admit who is winning the battle in the end no one

end no one the fight goes on

the fight goes on [Music]

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