0:02 voluntary and forced migration have
0:05 distinct but sometimes overlapping
0:08 causes voluntary migration is often
0:10 driven by economic factors as people
0:12 seek better job opportunities higher
0:15 wages or improved living standards in
0:17 other countries it can also be motivated
0:20 by educational Pursuits family
0:23 reunification or lifestyle preferences
0:25 in contrast Forest migration is
0:28 typically caused by conflict persecution
0:30 human rights violation
0:33 natural disasters or environmental
0:35 degreg that makes it unsafe or
0:37 impossible for people to remain in their
0:40 home countries while there are clear
0:42 differences the line between voluntary
0:44 and Forest migration can blur for
0:48 example severe economic deprivation or
0:50 lack of opportunity May compel people to
0:54 migrate in ways that feel forced even if
0:56 not meeting the legal definition of a
0:58 refugee climate change is also
1:01 increasingly driving migration has both
1:07 elements regarding International
1:09 responsibility for Refugee protections I
1:11 would argue in favor of robust
1:14 protections and international law the
1:18 1951 Refugee convention and its 1967
1:21 protocol provide an important framework
1:23 but implementation and burden sharing
1:26 remain challenges key Arguments for
1:29 strong protections include one moral
1:30 imperative to to help those fleeing
1:34 persecution and violence two Collective
1:36 interest and Regional stability and
1:40 migrating humanitarian crises three
1:42 recognition that Refugee flows are often
1:44 the result of broader geopolitical
1:47 Dynamics however concerns about National
1:49 sovereignty and domestic political
1:52 pressures often impede stronger
1:54 protections at a societal and Global
1:57 level Refugee migrations are driven by a
2:00 complex interplay of factors conflict
2:03 and instability are primary causes often
2:05 stemming from ethnic and religious
2:08 tensions weak governance and competition
2:11 for resources economic inequality
2:13 between nations creates push and pull
2:16 factors climate change and environmental
2:19 degreg are increasingly important
2:22 drivers some specific cases illustrate these
2:23 these
2:26 Dynamics the Syrian refugee crisis
2:28 includes Civil War and political
2:31 repression irenan refugees face ethnic
2:34 persecution and statelessness Venezuelan
2:36 Exodus involves economic collapse and
2:39 political instability Afghan refugees
2:43 face Decades of conflict and the Taliban
2:45 takeover resettlement and repatriation
2:47 represent different approaches to
2:49 durable solutions for refugees
2:51 resettlement involves the transfer
2:53 refugees from an asylum country to a
2:56 third country that agrees toit them with
2:58 permanent resident status it provides a
3:01 long-term solution
3:03 but is it is only available to a small
3:05 percentage of
3:08 refugees repatriation involves refugees
3:10 returning to their country of origin
3:12 once conditions allow while often seen
3:15 as the ideal solution it can be complex
3:18 and challenging to implement safely and
3:20 sustainably the choice between
3:22 repatriation local integration and
3:24 resettlement involves weighing various
3:27 factors for repatriation the advantages
3:29 include that allows refugees to return
3:32 home and AIDS and postconflict
3:34 rebuilding the disadvantages are that it
3:36 may be may be premature if home
3:38 countries still unstable and can strain local
3:40 local
3:42 resources local integration the
3:43 advantages are that it's faster than
3:45 resettlement and allows refugees to
3:48 build lives in familiar regions the
3:50 disadvantages are that it may face local
3:53 resistance and strain host country
3:56 resources resettlement the advantages
3:58 are that it provides fresh start and is
4:01 often better economic opportunities
4:02 disadvantages include cultural
4:05 adjustment challenges and limited spaces
4:07 available addressing Refugee crises
4:09 requires a multifaceted approach that
4:11 considers the complex causes of
4:14 migration upholds International
4:15 protections and carefully weighs the
4:17 pros and cons of different durable
4:20 Solutions Global cooperation and burden
4:22 sharing are essential to effectively
4:24 manage Force migration in an
4:27 increasingly interconnected
4:30 World Galo refugee Camp Teeters on the
4:33 brink of extreme danger classified by
4:34 the United Nations as a level five
4:37 security phase just one step below the
4:40 highest risk level the absence of un or
4:44 us Aid tenants starkly illustrates the
4:46 dire conditions refugees left to their
4:49 own devices Cobble together makeshift
4:52 shelters using whatever meager materials
4:55 they can find mainly rags and twigs this
4:57 Grim scene paints a vivid picture of
5:00 desperation and scarcity highlighting
5:02 the critical lack of resources and
5:04 support in one of the world's most
5:07 precarious Refugee situations despite
5:09 these challenges the Camp's very
5:12 existence offers a faint glimmer of hope
5:18 turmoil migration is a complex
5:20 phenomenon that affects millions of
5:23 people worldwide the majority of
5:26 migrants are inter are internally
5:28 displaced remaining in their home
5:30 countries various fact Drive migration
5:33 including economic political social
5:35 environmental and physical insecurities
5:37 that push people from their usual
5:39 residences for some fortunate
5:41 individuals opportunities in other
5:43 locations may pull them what all
5:45 migrants share is the hope for a better
5:47 life elsewhere whether within their
5:50 Homeland or in other countries while
5:52 some migrate voluntarily others have
5:54 little to no choice in the matter those
5:56 forced to leave their homes are
5:59 classified as displaced persons over
6:01 half half of all migrants fall into the
6:04 category of Migrant workers contrary to
6:06 popular belief refugees and Asylum
6:08 Seekers constitute only a small
6:11 proportion of international migrants
6:13 it's important to note that low and
6:16 middle inome countries not high income
6:19 countries host a majority of refugees
6:21 and Asylum
6:24 Seekers the impact of migration varies
6:26 across countries of different economic
6:28 standings higher inome countries often
6:31 benefit from labor migration while lower
6:32 inome countries bear a greater
6:35 responsibility for assisting refugees
6:37 this disparity highlights a complex
6:40 interplay between economic development
6:42 and migration
6:44 patterns economic migrants or migrant
6:46 workers come from diverse life
6:49 circumstances some are pushed by poverty
6:51 and unemployment in their home countries
6:54 While others typically more educated and
6:56 well employed are pulled by the chance
6:58 to pursue better occupational and
7:00 lifestyle opportunities
7:03 abroad the remittances these workers
7:05 send back to their home countries serve
7:07 as important sources of development for
7:10 many low and middle inome Nations
7:11 environmental factors play an
7:13 increasingly significant role in global
7:16 migration environmental degreg and
7:19 extreme weather events displace an even
7:21 greater number of migrants than
7:24 persecution violent conflicts and War
7:26 these environmental events along with
7:27 destruction caused by pollution and
7:30 ill-planned land use contribute to the
7:32 growing number of climate refugees
7:34 however it's crucial to know that these
7:35 environmental migrants are not
7:37 officially considered refugees and are
7:39 not given in protected status under
7:42 current International Frameworks as
7:44 climate change continues to intensify
7:46 the frequency and severity of these
7:48 environmental events are expected to
7:50 increase likely leading to even greater
7:53 number of displaced people in the future
7:56 migrants fleeing persecution due to fear
7:58 of grave harm or death based on race
8:00 ethnicity sexual War orentation
8:02 political ideology or religion have
8:05 protected status on the global stage
8:07 most migrants in these categories flee
8:09 their homes as a last resort When Hope
8:12 is nearly lost and Escape becomes a
8:15 matter of survival as violence and
8:18 disasters increase worldwide so does the
8:20 number of displaced
8:22 people even so most displaced
8:24 individuals remain within their home
8:27 countries historical examples such as
8:29 the Jews during World War II and the
8:31 syrians in 19 in
8:34 2015 demonstrate that migrants fing War
8:36 May sometimes be refused help if they
8:39 are feared as collaborators or
8:41 sympathizers With the
8:44 Enemy crisis and disasters May force
8:46 people into neighboring countries or
8:49 territories that are not significantly
8:51 better off than their own forced from
8:53 their Homeland and often unwelcome in
8:55 their new land the crisis of displaced
8:57 people remains one of the major
9:01 challenges of the modern world
9:03 migration serves as a litmus test for a
9:05 country's Goodwill and societal
9:08 attitudes when a country needs a larger
9:11 labor force migrants are often recruited
9:14 and welcomed however if the demographic
9:15 composition of the country begins to
9:18 change noticeably fear May sit in
9:21 leading to changes in laws or policies
9:24 to block further migration of particular
9:27 groups for instance the immigration and
9:29 nationalization Act of 192 four in the
9:31 United States effectively halted
9:35 migration from certain regions until the mid
9:41 1960s the global flows of people present
9:43 the International Community with unique
9:46 and complex set of issues large waves of
9:48 migrants May temporarily increase
9:50 insecurity and destabilize their host
9:52 country particularly if the country is
9:55 already economically challenged two
9:57 refugees from conflict forign countries
10:00 May inadvertently or Del ly carry the
10:02 conflict with them across borders
10:04 potentially increasing ethnic tensions
10:06 in neighboring countries with similar
10:09 ethnic compositions three insurgents may
10:11 cross borders and Carry Out attacks from
10:13 neighboring countries sometimes with or
10:16 without the support of Nationals within
10:19 the host country four networks of
10:21 Migrant communities may be enlisted or
10:24 cored to facilitate trafficking of
10:26 people and goods for E ethnically based organized
10:28 organized
10:30 crime five when the influx of migrants
10:32 reaches the level that people in a host
10:34 country perceive as threatening to their
10:36 physical economic cultural or social
10:38 wellbeing they may react with
10:40 discrimination hate speech hate crimes and
10:41 and
10:44 persecution six migrants often live in
10:46 extreme physical and economic
10:48 deprivation with her conditions
10:50 worsening the longer they are confined
10:53 Generations may be deprived of Education
10:54 adequate health care and proper
10:57 nutrition they also suffer psychological
10:59 trauma jeopardizing the present and
11:01 future welfare of the migrant community
11:03 and potentially affecting their home and host
11:05 host
11:08 countries migration is a multifaceted
11:09 issue that requires careful
11:12 consideration and balanced approaches
11:14 from the International Community as the
11:15 world grapples with increasing
11:17 displacement due to various factors
11:19 including climate change it is crucial
11:22 to develop comprehensive policies that
11:24 address the needs of migrants while also
11:26 considering the concerns of host
11:28 countries only through collaborative
11:30 efforts and deep understanding of the
11:32 complexities involved can we hope to
11:34 manage global migration flows
11:41 humanely refugees hold a distinct legal
11:43 status in the International Community
11:45 receiving protection and rights under
11:47 specific laws there are individuals who
11:50 cannot safely reside in their homelands
11:52 while countries aren't obligated to
11:54 accept all migrants signatories of the
11:57 un's refugee conventions must accept and
11:58 provide for
12:00 refugees the key International
12:02 instruments protect ref Refugee Rights
12:05 are the 1951 convention relating to the
12:09 status of refugees the 1967 protocol
12:11 relating to the status of refugees the
12:14 1990 International Convention on the
12:17 protection of All rights of migrants and
12:20 their families and two 2000 protocols on
12:23 human trafficking and migrant
12:25 smuggling these along with International
12:28 labor organization instruments form the
12:30 framework for an international migration
12:33 law despite these protections refugees
12:35 face perilous conditions throughout
12:38 their Journey from fleeing danger to to
12:40 seeking Refuge living in camps and even
12:45 repatriation contemporary violent
12:47 conflicts have expanded the
12:49 consideration of refugee status people
12:51 fing such situations are generally
12:54 granted protective status the treatments
12:57 varies across countries the unhcr urges
12:59 Nations to recognize that arm conflicts
13:01 Devastation from deliberate civilian
13:03 killings to long-term effects like
13:06 hunger constitutes human rights abuses
13:08 this perspective aims to ensure
13:10 protection for those fing protracted
13:13 conflicts both within and outside the
13:15 countries of origin without relying on
13:17 individual verification however
13:19 governments retain the right to deny
13:22 refuge on an individual basis Refugee
13:25 status due to ethnicity is a critical
13:27 issue many individuals born in or
13:30 brought to the country as children no no
13:32 other Home Elders who have been
13:34 displaced for decades may have forgotten
13:37 their Homeland which rejected them when
13:38 people are denied citizenship they
13:41 become stateless with rights only as
13:44 refugees this situation affects numerous
13:46 persecuted groups worldwide from whom
13:48 Refugee status represents their best
13:49 chance of
13:52 survival the flow of refugees shifts as
13:54 new conflicts emerge the total number of
13:56 refugees in any given year reflects both
13:59 new conflicts and situations of
14:01 persecution as well as protracted
14:03 conflicts while countries of larger
14:05 populations tend to contribute more
14:08 significantly to Global Refugee num
14:10 during conflicts smaller nations may
14:12 also experience intense conflict and
14:14 persecution though their impact on
14:16 global figures may be less pronounced
14:17 due to
14:19 size understanding these complex
14:21 Dynamics is crucial for developing
14:23 effective International policies and
14:26 responses to Refugee crisis it
14:27 highlights the need for a flexible
14:29 compassionate approach
14:31 that considers diverse circumstances
14:33 driving people to seek Refuge whether
14:35 due to war ethnic persecution or other
14:43 conflict the pattern of refugee flows
14:45 typically mirrors the outward movement
14:47 from conflict zones with most displaced
14:49 people remaining within the region often
14:52 in neighboring countries Successful by
14:55 foot this proximity to home countries
14:57 reflects both the urgency of escape and
15:00 the hope of eventual return hosting
15:02 refugees is an international
15:04 responsibility assumed by all countries
15:07 party to un Refugee conventions however
15:09 the reality is that refugees concentrate
15:12 in a few regions primarily in developing
15:15 countries while the unhcr operates
15:17 refugee camps the major burden falls on
15:20 those least equipped to handle it
15:23 economically as anti-refugee sentiment
15:25 rises in wealthy Nations some have
15:27 launched campaigns to discourage
15:29 migration the US custom and border
15:32 patrols danger awareness campaign
15:34 emphasizing The Perils of immigration
15:36 the tension risk and consequences of
15:38 illegal entry had little impact on
15:41 migration decisions those already
15:43 victimized by crime were particularly
15:45 undeterred as the dangers at home
15:48 outweighed the risk of
15:51 migration similarly European efforts to
15:53 discourage Afghan migrants by
15:55 highlighting smuggling dangers and
15:57 settlement difficulties Pro largely
15:59 symbolic these campaigns effectively
16:01 shift Journey risk to refugees
16:03 themselves rather than addressing
16:06 restricted border policies Life as a
16:08 refugee is Frau with dangers women
16:11 children and the elderly are especially
16:13 vulnerable to exploitation violence and
16:15 abuse these risks are heightened in
16:17 societies plagued by persecution
16:20 discrimination and conflict that disrupt
16:22 law enforcement and legitimate economic
16:25 activities escaping often involves
16:27 relying on Smugglers who transport
16:30 refugees and peralis conditions
16:33 resulting in many deaths and Route
16:35 medicine s Frontier are medicines
16:39 Without Borders or msf reports alarming
16:40 levels of violence during migration
16:43 Journeys including beatings sexual
16:46 violence and murder refugees arried
16:48 terrified of being caught and deported
16:50 often hiding for days without food or
16:54 water Forest returns deemed illegal by
16:57 msf jeopardized the right to seek Asylum
17:00 and longlasting physical mental health
17:03 issues the refugee crisis has spawn a
17:06 lucrative human smuggling industry with
17:08 many operators showing little concern
17:10 for their cargo's survival this had led
17:14 to numerous tragedies at Sea and on land
17:16 turkey hosts more refugees than any
17:19 other country worldwide with most living
17:21 in Turkish communities they have access
17:23 to health education and social
17:26 assistance and can legally work though
17:29 strain on Turkish institutions May limit
17:31 access despite financial assistance
17:32 through the
17:36 unhcr significant funding gaps
17:38 persist turkey also boasts some of the
17:40 world's best equipped refugee camps with
17:43 seven using containers instead of tents
17:45 for housing these camps provide
17:48 sanitation clean water Medical Care
17:50 educational facilities and even grocery
17:53 stores operated by private companies
17:56 refugees receive debit cards and monthly
17:58 allowances a system prays for is
18:00 efficiency and positive impact on local
18:03 economies however even these improved
18:06 camps cannot be permanent
18:09 Solutions in contrast Kenya hosts four
18:12 of the world's largest refugee camps
18:14 highlighting the disparity and Refugee
18:17 experiences globally about 22% of the
18:19 world's refugees live in camps facing
18:21 numerous health risks viral and
18:24 bacterial infections spread rapidly due
18:26 to malnutrition overcrowding and
18:30 unsanitary conditions chera typhoid
18:32 influenza like illnesses and severe
18:34 acute respiratory infections are common
18:37 threats vectorborne diseases thrive in
18:40 Camp conditions while skin blood and eye
18:43 infections result from poor hygiene and
18:46 environmental factors violence sexual
18:48 crime kidnapping and human trafficking
18:52 are well documented dangers within camps
18:54 women are particularly vulnerable during
18:55 daily activities like collecting
18:58 firewood or using the stent latrines
19:01 unaccompanied children face risk of
19:03 recruitment by armed groups which may
19:05 offer food and a sense of family that
19:09 camps cannot provide refugees often find
19:10 the most Security in countes Sharing
19:13 important characteristics like ethnicity
19:16 culture language or religion however
19:18 these host countries are likely to be
19:25 themselves the
19:27 unhcr and and international Aid
19:29 organizations pursue three long-term
19:33 strategies for durable Solutions return
19:36 to the Homeland local integration into
19:38 the new residence society and
19:41 resettlement in another host country
19:43 unfortunately these goals remain elusive
19:46 for many with refugees often remaining
19:49 in limbo for decades protracted Refugee
19:52 situations occur when 25,000 or more
19:55 refugees from the same country have
19:58 lived in exile for five or more years as
19:59 of early
20:03 2019 nearly 16 million refugees about
20:06 78% of all refugees were living in
20:08 protracted status this situation
20:11 represents a global tragedy and security
20:14 threat with Millions growing up and
20:16 aging in conditions of physical economic
20:19 social and mental insecurity often
20:23 lacking B basic necessities and
20:26 opportunities msf has criticized Western
20:28 governments for shirking their moral and
20:30 legal duties toward migrants
20:33 exacerbating the dangers refugees face
20:35 the organization rejected further
20:38 funding from EU countries arguing that
20:40 Europe's focus is on keeping refugees
20:43 away rather than protecting them
20:45 wealthier governments are accused of
20:47 using Aid and political incentives to
20:49 avoid resettling refugees in their own
20:52 countries Shifting the burden to poor
20:54 Nations restrictive policies and host
20:56 countries such as limiting Health Care
20:59 access creating obstacles SCH to seeking
21:02 Asylum and prolonged attention aimed to
21:04 dissuade migrants from staying
21:06 undocumented migrants and Wealthy
21:08 nations are forced to remain
21:11 underground fearful of seeking basic
21:13 services and Medical Care leading to
21:15 further deterioration of their physical
21:17 and mental
21:20 health the global Refugee crisis
21:22 presents complex challenges that require
21:25 a coordinated International response
21:27 while some countries have made efforts
21:29 to improve Refugee conditions
21:31 significant disparities P persist
21:33 addressing the root causes of forest
21:36 migration enhancing burden sharing among
21:38 nations and developing more Humane and
21:40 effective policies for Refugee
21:43 integration and resettlement are crucial
21:45 steps toward resolving this ongoing humanitarian
21:51 crisis finding long- lasting solutions
21:53 for refugees is increasingly challenging
21:55 due to Rising numbers of displaced
21:58 persons globally the three primary
22:00 rootes to stabilizing migrants lives and
22:03 integrating them into society are
22:05 repatriation naturalization and
22:08 resettlement these Solutions aim to
22:10 enable refugees to become self-reliant
22:13 without unduly straining their host countries
22:14 countries
22:17 repatriation most refugees desire to
22:19 return home and will do so voluntarily
22:22 when safe however due to protracted
22:25 conflicts in many countries return rates
22:27 have been consistently low dropping From
22:32 Below 10% % in 2006 to 2008 to 5% or
22:36 less from 2009 onward the repatriation
22:39 process is complex and governed by un
22:42 HCR regulations it must be voluntary
22:44 with refugees agreeing to return based
22:46 on full and accurate information about
22:49 their home country's current
22:52 situation the unhcr host country and
22:55 Home Country share the responsibility to
22:57 provide accessible and understandable information
22:58 information [Music]
23:00 [Music]
23:02 the Home Country Must ensure refugees
23:05 safety and international agencies are
23:06 obliged to assist and their
23:09 reintegration process countries in
23:11 conflict or postconflict situations must
23:13 be carefully assessed for their
23:16 absorptive capacity this assessment is
23:18 crucial but often inadequately performed
23:20 extensive assistance is needed to
23:23 rebuild infrastructure from roads to
23:26 financial services and Civil Society rep
23:29 Patriots require help reestablish ing
23:32 themselves in jobs or on land along with
23:35 job training and other coordinated
23:37 Services the sources of repatriation
23:40 depends on improving refugees lives
23:43 without overburdening the host country
23:45 few countries with mass displacements in
23:47 the 21st century meet the criteria for
23:50 successful Mass
23:52 repatriation the refugees situational
23:54 context including length of Asylum
23:56 reasons for being in the particular host
23:59 country and desire to return must be
24:02 considered for some especially those
24:05 born and raised in the host country home
24:07 may be their country of
24:09 Asylum repatriation should not be
24:12 assumed to be the best or prior priority
24:14 solution all options need to be
24:17 considered in context with the primary
24:20 goals being Safety and Security for
24:24 refugees integration into host country
24:26 local integration is potentially a
24:28 durable solution and the second most
24:30 common after
24:32 repatriation naturalization is possible
24:35 in some countries particularly High
24:38 income Nations and North America Europe
24:40 and Australia refugees May obtain
24:43 housing and jobs contributing to their
24:46 host society's welfare studies show that
24:48 refugees become more invested in their
24:52 host country when they have a path to
24:55 permanency the 1951 convention states
24:57 that the that the end goal of local
24:59 integration is naturalization this
25:01 typically requires refugees to meet
25:03 criteria regarding
25:05 self-sufficiency and Community
25:07 participation naturalization grants
25:09 refugees the right to stay in the
25:12 country and access public services such
25:15 as Education Health Care and political
25:17 participation economic integration is
25:19 indicated by refugees achieving
25:22 self-reliance and no longer depending on
25:24 Aid this often occurs when this when
25:26 they settle and Def find areas where
25:28 they can Farm or start business
25:32 businesses resettlement resettlement the
25:35 least common durable solution involves
25:37 finding a new country where refugees can
25:41 live permanently the unhcr consider it a
25:44 critical tool for refugees in dire
25:46 situations but the number of places
25:49 offered by countries Falls far below the
25:52 need to be considered for resettlement
25:54 refugees must fall into one of seven
25:57 categories with the top four being legal
26:00 or physical protection needs lack of
26:02 alternative Solutions survivors of
26:05 violence or torture and women and girls
26:08 at Risk resettlement Solutions are found
26:10 for only a small percentage of those in
26:13 need various strategies facilitate
26:14 resettlement including private
26:17 sponsorship programs medical and student
26:19 visas family
26:22 reunification labor mobility and
26:24 academic scholarships formal and
26:26 informal groups religious organizations
26:29 and official resettlement agencies help
26:31 refugees establish new
26:34 lives however resettled refugees May
26:36 face discrimination and their new
26:39 countries the High Commissioner on human
26:42 rights has highlighted widespread
26:44 discrimination including long-term
26:46 detention and bias from landlords
26:49 employers and state authorities some
26:51 political parties media organizations
26:53 and members of the public stere of the
26:56 public stereotype and vilify
27:00 refugees the UN un HCR prioritizes
27:03 refugees in protracted situation which
27:04 often requires coordination among
27:07 several countries the United States is
27:09 actively involved in six such situations
27:12 including Afghans and Pakistan and
27:16 Somali and Kenya these efforts pursue
27:19 multiple strategies simultaneously and
27:21 have achieved considerable
27:24 Success New approaches the comprehensive
27:28 Refugee response framework crrf takes a
27:30 holistic approach combining humanitarian
27:33 and development concerns and engages
27:34 various stakeholders including
27:37 governments International Organization
27:40 civil society and private sector the
27:42 framework commits to best practices in
27:45 four key areas reception and emission
27:47 measures support for immediate and
27:50 ongoing needs support for host countries
27:52 and communities and enhance
27:55 opportunities for durable
27:57 Solutions another initiative the
27:59 three-year strategy on resettlement and
28:02 complimentary Pathways aims to resettle
28:05 1 million refugees and secure a mission
28:07 for 2 million through alternative
28:09 Pathways from 2019 through
28:12 2021 its six guiding principles
28:15 emphasize protection durable Solutions
28:17 responsibility sharing additionality of
28:19 complimentary Pathways
28:22 non-discrimination and family Unity
28:25 family reunification has been the most
28:28 frequent complimentary pathway with with
28:32 92% of unhcr countries participating
28:34 educational Pathways have also been
28:37 established with 58% of countries
28:40 adopting special programs for refugees
28:42 employment pathways are utilized by 25%
28:46 of un HCR countries these initiatives
28:48 leverage Partnerships among theate
28:50 actors Civil Society groups
28:52 philanthropies and other private
28:54 entities to achieve permanent solutions
28:56 for refugees in the most fragile sit
28:59 situations as the global Refugee crisis
29:01 inv continues to evolve these
29:03 comprehensive and collaborative
29:06 approaches will be crucial in addressing
29:07 the conflex challenges faced by
29:15 worldwide since 2002 the office of
29:18 refugee resettlement o RR has been
29:20 responsible for the care custody and
29:23 placement of uncomp miners arriving in
29:26 the United States by December
29:30 2022 the o has cared for and found homes
29:32 for 410,000
29:34 children these children receive
29:37 classroom education mental Medical
29:39 Health Services Recreation case
29:42 management and reunification Services
29:46 preferably with family members or vetted
29:49 sponsors the primary intention behind
29:51 detaining unaccompanied miners is to
29:53 protect them from potential traffickers
29:55 however the process self can be
29:57 traumatic for the children involved
29:59 Asylum Seekers follow a different
30:01 process than refugees who are processed
30:03 through the department of the state
30:06 there are two main routes to Asylum one
30:09 affirmative application Asylum may be
30:11 granted through a US citizenship and
30:14 immigration Service Officer two
30:17 defensive Asylum if denied applicants
30:20 are referred for removal proceedings
30:22 providing a second chance for Asylum
30:25 during removal hearings in response to
30:27 the surge of refugees and Asylum Seekers
30:30 beginning in 2021 many countries
30:32 reformed their procedures to allow for
30:35 in-country processing enabling refugees
30:38 to apply for asylum in their country of
30:41 origin some Asylum Seekers live in
30:43 communities while awaiting decisions on
30:45 their cases and are allowed to obtain
30:48 work permits however their uncertain
30:49 status often hinders their ability to
30:52 find stable jobs and housing those
30:55 living in communities are more likely to
30:57 have legal representation at their
30:59 hearings improving their chances of
31:02 acceptance most Asylum Seekers however
31:03 began their journey in one of
31:07 approximately 180 detention centers in
31:09 the United States these centers resemble
31:12 prisons and all the detainees receive
31:15 the same treatment regardless of whether
31:17 they are criminals or individuals who
31:19 have suffered extreme
31:21 persecution although family detention
31:24 centers exist families were often
31:26 separated detention periods can last for
31:29 months or even years years despite
31:31 refugees having rights under an
31:33 international law there are no Universal
31:35 standards regarding medical and Mental
31:38 Health Care religious Services access to
31:41 telephones legal services or libraries
31:42 while in
31:44 detention this lack of standards and
31:47 prolonged confinement often leads to
31:49 mental and physical health problems
31:51 including infections post-traumatic
31:54 stress and depression the silent process
31:56 in the United States highlights several
31:58 challenges one the tension between
32:00 protecting vulnerable individuals
32:03 especially children and the potentially
32:05 traumatic nature of the detention
32:09 process two the disparity in treatment
32:10 and opportunities between those
32:13 processed as refugees and those seeking
32:16 Asylum three the lack of uniform
32:18 standards in detention facilities
32:20 leading to potential human rights
32:23 concerns four the prolonged uncertainty
32:25 faced by Asylum Seekers impacting their
32:27 mental health and ability to integrate into
32:28 into
32:31 society as the global Refugee crisis
32:33 continues to evolve addressing these
32:36 challenges in the Asylum system remains
32:39 crucial for ensuring the fair and Humane
32:41 treatment of those seeking protection in
32:44 the United States balancing National
32:46 Security concerns with humanitarian
32:48 obligations will be an ongoing challenge
32:52 for policy makers and immigration
32:54 officials Refugee adjustment in the
32:57 United States once granted Asylum and if
33:00 individuals can qualify for eventual
33:02 naturalization language proficiency and
33:04 education are crucial measures of
33:06 integration where certification
33:08 requirements hinder qualified immigrants
33:10 from working in their fields programs of
33:12 retaining or assistance through the
33:15 certification process are essential
33:17 preventing brain waste by allowing
33:20 refugees to use their skills not only
33:22 enhances individual earning potential
33:25 but also boost Local Economic growth
33:27 refugees significantly contribute to
33:30 building local economies they have high
33:31 employment rates and often start
33:34 businesses providing jobs for others
33:36 their entrepreneurial spirit and diverse
33:38 skill sets can invigorate communities
33:45 Development expulsions and removals not
33:48 all Asylum Seekers are granted Refugee
33:49 status or allowed to remain in their
33:52 country of Asylum deportations have
33:55 increased rapidly in recent years often
33:56 targeting vulnerable groups including
33:58 women and children
34:00 in the United States the Department of
34:03 Homeland Security created after the 9/11
34:05 terrorist attacks houses Immigration and
34:08 Customs Enforcement or ice this
34:11 restructuring linked immigration with
34:13 fears of terrorism and criminality
34:15 shifting Focus to weeding out perceived
34:18 threats to National Security ice
34:21 enforcement and removal operations ER removed
34:23 removed 185,186
34:25 185,186
34:29 non-citizens in fiscal year 20 20
34:34 5911 in fiscal year 2021 and 72,1 2017
34:38 in fiscal year 2022 a large proportion
34:40 were from Mexico and Central America
34:42 countries whose populations have been
34:44 terrorized by international criminal
34:47 organizations and gang
34:50 violence the unwarranted conflation of
34:52 immigration crime and terrorism
34:54 contributes to public resentment toward
34:58 immigration and pressures for more
35:00 deportations many deportees classified
35:03 as criminals may be non-violent
35:05 offenders or immigration violators such
35:08 as students overstaining visas some may
35:10 have committed only misdemeanor offenses
35:12 and many are deported without a hearing
35:14 or legal
35:16 consultation immigration law mandates
35:18 deportation for those convicted of
35:21 felons however temporary protected
35:23 protected status or TPS offers some
35:26 relief for instance hades's TPS was
35:29 extended through August 3rd
35:32 2024 that coming from a TPS country
35:35 doesn't guarantee entry or the right to
35:37 stay in the United States many TPS
35:39 listed countries also have citizens who
35:42 have been forced to
35:47 return internally displaced persons idps
35:49 due to increasing protracted conflicts
35:51 extreme weather events natural disasters
35:54 and climate change Forest migrations are
35:57 expected to rise most forcibly displaced
35:59 people are not International refugees
36:01 but remain within their homeland's
36:04 boundaries disasters conflicts and
36:07 violence account for almost all internal
36:09 displacements with disasters causing
36:11 more new displacements than conflict and
36:15 violence contrary to popular belief the
36:19 1951 un convention does not address idps
36:22 and most do not fall under un HCR
36:25 protection no other International agency
36:28 has specific responsibility for them
36:31 idps often face more precarious
36:33 situations than refugees who reach
36:36 relative safety in another country as
36:38 they remain in the country where dangers confront
36:39 confront
36:41 them this can make it difficult for
36:44 humanitarian Aid to reach them in
36:46 response to this Gap International legal
36:48 experts crafted the set of guiding
36:52 principles in 1998 based on existing
36:54 International laws these principles
36:56 recognize the ethical and legal
36:57 obligations of the inter ational
37:01 community and governments to idps they
37:03 affirm idp's rights as members of
37:06 humanity and as citizens of residents of
37:09 their Homeland the principles spec
37:11 specify protections from arbitrary
37:13 displacement safeguards during
37:16 displacement and guarantees for safe
37:19 return resettlement or integration
37:21 accepting these principles obligates a
37:23 country to prevent displacement when
37:26 possible mitigate crisis and end
37:28 displacement quickly and safely
37:31 providing idps with a secure life a
37:33 durable solution as with
37:36 refugees Regional alliances such as the
37:38 organization of American states their
37:40 Great Lakes protocol on the protection
37:43 and assistance of idps in Africa and the
37:45 Council of Europe have mandated that
37:47 their signatories incorporate these
37:50 principles into National laws giving
37:51 them greater
37:54 force where governments have accepted
37:56 these principles and developed domestic
37:58 laws and policies to Implement them
38:01 positive effects have been observed add
38:03 agencies use them as operational
38:06 guidelines and benchmarks for protection
38:08 standards and practices the principles
38:11 have benefited idps in four key ways
38:14 raising awareness of IDP needs
38:16 mobilizing international support
38:19 directing field staff toward Solutions
38:21 and assisting governments in addressing IDP
38:23 IDP
38:25 issues the international displacement
38:28 Monitoring Center idmc
38:30 emphasizes the need for a more holistic
38:31 approach to displacement one that
38:33 provides protection to all forcibly
38:37 displaced people whether refugees or
38:39 internally displaced this perspective
38:42 recognizes that the same factors violent
38:45 conflicts natural disasters climate
38:47 change persecution and human rights
38:50 violations produce both refugees and
38:52 idps addressing the complex issues
38:55 surrounding refugees Asylum Seekers and
38:57 idps requires a multi capacitated
38:59 approach this includes fostering better
39:02 integration for those granted Asylum
39:05 re-evaluating deportation policies to
39:08 ensure they're just and Humane and
39:10 expanding protections for internally
39:12 displaced persons AS Global challenges
39:14 like climate change and protracted
39:17 conflicts continue to drive displacement
39:18 it is crucial that International
39:22 policies and practices evolve to provide
39:24 comprehensive support and protection for
39:27 all displaced individuals regardless of
39:29 whether they cross international Borders
39:36 countries ensuring human rights requires
39:38 countries to work together to protect
39:40 and find lasting solutions for refugees
39:43 and those in need of humanitarian Aid
39:45 Beyond moral obligations every country
39:48 has a vested interest in ensuring the
39:50 safety and dignity of refugees the
39:52 factors driving refugees from their
39:54 homes along with the challenges they
39:56 face while in Refugee status and Beyond
39:57 have GL
40:00 repercussions years of inadequate food
40:02 health care and education coupled with
40:05 psychological trauma and physical injury
40:07 are not only tragic for the individuals
40:10 affected but also detrimental to Global
40:12 peace and
40:15 prosperity While most refugees hope to
40:17 return to their homes this is not always
40:19 the most sustainable solution many
40:21 refugees in prolonged situations have
40:24 never lived in their Homeland While
40:26 others have nothing left there to return
40:29 to often and forc repatriation results
40:31 in further displacement either within
40:33 the home country or back to the country
40:36 they initially fled and these cases
40:38 resettlement or integration to the host
40:41 country may be the best options to
40:42 ensure the safety and dignity that
40:46 refugees are entitled to preventing the
40:48 conditions that lead to Refugee crisis
40:51 such as persecution discrimination War
40:52 violent conflict and human rights
40:55 violations must be a priority for the
40:58 International Community timely and
41:00 adequate Aid following disasters is
41:03 critical to mitigate these crises in the
41:06 absence of prevention it becomes a
41:09 responsibility to provide safe passage
41:11 for refugees ensuring their security and
41:15 well-being and to work toward durable
41:17 Solutions effective cooperation among
41:19 countries is essential for tackling the
41:23 complex issues related to refugees this
41:24 involves sharing the burden for
41:26 providing for refugees ensuring their
41:28 rights are protected and offering them
41:31 opportunities to build their lives host
41:33 countries need to create environments
41:34 where refugees can integrate and
41:36 contribute to the Social and economic
41:39 fabric of the community this not only
41:41 benefits refugees but also enriches the
41:43 host countries through cultural
41:45 diversity and economic
41:47 contributions long-term Solutions
41:49 require a multifaceted approach
41:51 including political economic and social
41:54 strategies political Solutions involve
41:56 diplomatic efforts to resolve conflicts
41:58 and uphold human rights rights
41:59 preventing the conditions that force
42:02 people to flee economic strategies
42:04 should focus on development Aid and
42:06 investment in regions prone to producing
42:09 refugees aiming to improve living
42:11 conditions and create opportunities that
42:13 reduce the need to migrate social
42:15 strategies should promote inclusivity
42:18 and support for refugees including
42:20 access to Education Health Care and employment
42:22 employment
42:25 opportunities in conclusion addressing
42:27 the global Refugee crisis necessitates a
42:29 comprehensive and collaborative approach
42:31 from the International
42:33 Community countries must uphold their
42:35 commitment to Human Rights by protecting
42:37 refugees and seeking lasting solutions
42:40 for their plight by preventing the root
42:42 causes of displacement providing
42:45 immediate aid during crisis and ensuring
42:47 safe and dignified living conditions for
42:49 refugees the world can work towards a
42:51 future where everyone has the
42:53 opportunity to live in peace and
42:56 prosperity the well-being of refugees is
43:00 close ly tied to global stability making
43:02 an imperative for all nations to take
43:04 proactive and sustained action in
