0:03 prepare for the TOEFL listening section
0:05 with this sample lecture on the cultural
0:07 differences in legal systems
0:10 listen to the lecture answer some
0:11 questions about it check your
0:13 understanding with the subtitles
0:14 included at the end
0:17 you will also be able to see the correct
0:19 answers highlighted before the next
0:20 question appears
0:22 subscribe for more practice lectures
0:24 like this to improve your listening
0:27 comprehension skills on a wide range of
0:29 academic topics covered in college and
0:42 today we will be examining the cultural
0:45 disparities in legal systems across the
0:48 globe a variety of legal systems exist
0:51 each with its own distinct history and
0:53 cultural significance let's start by
0:55 looking at civil law which is a legal
0:57 system founded on a collection of
0:59 written laws or codes
1:02 in civil law systems judges rely on
1:03 these written laws to make decisions
1:06 these systems are widespread in
1:08 Continental Europe and Latin America and
1:10 are rooted in the Roman law tradition
1:12 specifically the code of Justinian
1:16 moving on we have common law a legal
1:18 system that relies on judicial decisions
1:20 rather than written laws
1:22 common law systems are prevalent in the
1:25 United States United Kingdom and other
1:27 countries with a history of British colonialism
1:28 colonialism
1:31 originating in England common law
1:33 developed over time as judges
1:34 interpreted the law
1:37 historical events such as the Magna
1:38 Carta and the English Bill of Rights
1:40 influenced its formation
1:43 lastly religious law as the name
1:46 suggests is a legal system based on
1:49 religious texts and teachings it has
1:51 been shaped by the historical
1:52 development of religion within each
1:55 culture many Islamic countries employ
1:57 this type of legal system which draws
2:00 from the Quran and the teachings of the
2:03 Prophet Muhammad additionally Jewish law
2:05 and Hindu law are examples of religious
2:08 legal systems Beyond these primary legal
2:10 systems there are numerous variations
2:13 and hybrids found worldwide some
2:15 countries legal systems are influenced
2:18 by both religious and civil law While
2:21 others blend civil law with common law
2:23 understanding the historical and
2:25 cultural significance of each legal
2:27 system is crucial in comprehending its
2:29 role in modern society
2:32 cultural values and Norms play a
2:34 significant role in shaping how legal
2:36 systems function and address legal matters
2:37 matters
2:40 in certain societies collectivism and
2:42 Community Values May outweigh individual
2:45 rights while in others individual rights
2:46 take precedence
2:49 for instance civil law systems tend to
2:51 prioritize personal freedom and
2:53 individual rights whereas religious
2:55 legal systems May prioritize religious
2:58 values and principles moreover
3:00 differences between legal systems can
3:03 impact international law and diplomacy
3:06 international law consists of rules and
3:07 principles governing relations between nations
3:09 nations
3:11 it is vital to consider the diverse
3:12 legal systems of different nations When
3:15 developing international law as these
3:17 distinctions can influence how Nations
3:19 approach legal and diplomatic matters
3:22 before concluding this lecture let's
3:24 briefly touch on the impact of
3:26 globalization on legal systems worldwide
3:28 with the increasing interconnectedness
3:31 of our world legal systems are becoming
3:34 more intertwined many countries are
3:36 adopting International treaties and
3:38 conventions that establish shared
3:40 standards for legal systems globally
3:43 however while globalization has fostered
3:46 some level of standardization it is also
3:48 emphasized the differences and
3:50 challenges among legal systems
3:52 different countries may have varying
3:54 approaches to issues such as human
3:56 rights intellectual property and
4:12 one which legal system is based on a set
4:30 2. in which regions are civil law
4:49 3. which legal system is based on
4:51 judicial decisions rather than written laws
5:08 4. which historical events influenced
5:27 5. what impact does cultural values and
5:46 6. how does globalization impact legal
6:12 today we will be examining the cultural
6:15 disparities in legal systems across the
6:17 globe a variety of legal systems exist
6:20 each with its own distinct history and
6:22 cultural significance let's start by
6:25 looking at civil law which is a legal
6:26 system founded on a collection of
6:28 written laws or codes
6:31 in civil law systems judges rely on
6:32 these written laws to make decisions
6:35 these systems are widespread in
6:37 Continental Europe and Latin America and
6:39 are rooted in the Roman law tradition
6:42 specifically the code of Justinian
6:45 moving on we have common law a legal
6:47 system that relies on judicial decisions
6:49 rather than written laws
6:51 common law systems are prevalent in the
6:54 United States United Kingdom and other
6:56 countries with a history of British colonialism
6:57 colonialism
7:00 originating in England common law
7:02 developed over time as judges
7:04 interpreted the law
7:06 historical events such as the Magna
7:08 Carta and the English Bill of Rights
7:10 influenced its formation
7:13 lastly religious law as the name
7:15 suggests is a legal system based on
7:18 religious texts and teachings it has
7:20 been shaped by the historical
7:21 development of religion within each
7:24 culture many Islamic countries employ
7:27 this type of legal system which draws
7:29 from the Quran and the teachings of the
7:32 Prophet Muhammad additionally Jewish law
7:34 and Hindu law are examples of religious
7:37 legal systems Beyond these primary legal
7:39 systems there are numerous variations
7:42 and hybrids found worldwide some
7:44 countries legal systems are influenced
7:47 by both religious and civil law While
7:50 others blend civil law with common law
7:52 understanding the historical and
7:54 cultural significance of each legal
7:56 system is crucial in comprehending its
7:58 role in modern society
8:01 cultural values and Norms play a
8:03 significant role in shaping how legal
8:05 systems function and address legal matters
8:06 matters
8:09 in certain societies collectivism and
8:11 Community Values May outweigh individual
8:14 rights while in others individual rights
8:15 take precedence
8:18 for instance civil law systems tend to
8:20 prioritize personal freedom and
8:22 individual rights whereas religious
8:24 legal systems May prioritize religious
8:27 values and principles moreover
8:29 differences between legal systems can
8:32 impact international law and diplomacy
8:35 international law consists of rules and
8:37 principles governing relations between
8:39 nations it is vital to consider the
8:41 diverse legal systems of different
8:42 nations When developing international
8:45 law as these distinctions can influence
8:47 how Nations approach legal and
8:49 diplomatic matters
8:51 before concluding this lecture let's
8:53 briefly touch on the impact of
8:55 globalization on legal systems worldwide
8:58 with the increasing interconnectedness
9:00 of our world legal systems are becoming
9:02 more intertwined
9:03 many countries are adopting
9:05 International treaties and conventions
9:08 that establish shared standards for
9:09 legal systems globally
9:12 however while globalization has fostered
9:15 some level of standardization it is also
9:17 emphasized the differences and
9:19 challenges among legal systems
9:21 different countries may have varying
9:23 approaches to issues such as human
9:25 rights intellectual property and
9:32 how did it go were you able to answer
9:34 the questions correctly share your score
9:38 in the comments below like comment and
9:39 subscribe for more TOEFL listening
