Eukaryotic transcription is a complex, multi-step process involving RNA polymerase II and a suite of general transcription factors that regulate gene expression, followed by mRNA processing events like capping and polyadenylation.
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heroin quick back and mister basics here
let's talk about eukaryotic
transcription the enzyme required for
the process of transcription is the RNA
polymerase the prokaryotes have only one
RNA polymerase enzyme while the
eukaryotes held 3 RNA polymerase enzyme
RNA polymerase 2 is a major polymerase
enzyme involved in a transcription of
mRNA in eukaryotes the RNA polymerase 2
along with other proteins known as the
transcription factors are required for
the transcription factors are also known
as general transcription factors
let's see how the transcription factors
are designated the initial two letters
are written as DF which stands for
transcription factor the two indicates
that it's a transcription factor for RNA
polymerase 2 the letter next to 2 can be
a b d e f and h depending on the
because they are so many transcription
factors involved in eukaryotic
transcription it's easy to memorize them
with the help of mnemonics
for example the mnemonics of tf2a is
Apple the F to B is ball tf2d is dog TF
to E is elephant t f2f1 tf2h is helicopter
let's see function of each of them in
the first step of initiation of
transcription the transcription factor
EF do be binds the tata element in the promoter
the eukaryotic promoter is about 40
nucleotides long and located upstream
and downstream of the transcription
start site
about 30 nucleotides upstream to the
start site there's an 80 rich sequence
known as the Tata box or data element
tf2d has a protein called TBB which
binds data sequence tbp is also known as
starter binding protein once TPP binds
Tata sequence it bends the DNA by 80
degrees this bending of DNA further
helps in the binding of other
transcription factors this includes tf2a
tf2a tf2a helps in stabilizing the
binding of tf2d with the promoter
tf2b interacts with tbp and the promoter
region downstream to the data sequence
tf2b helps in the recruitment of RNA
now the RNA polymerase cannot bind the
promoter on its own
a transcription factor D f2f RNA
polymerase 2 to bind the promoter d f2
f3 and TF to be while recruiting the RNA polymerase
