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Summary

Core Theme

The US legal system is structured hierarchically, with the Constitution as the supreme law, followed by federal and state laws, and further detailed by regulations. This system involves elected officials creating laws, with interpretation and enforcement handled by various branches of government at federal, state, and local levels.

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all right

so we're back

so there are different levels of laws

and regulations and

the supreme law

under every under which everything falls

in the united states is

the uh

constitution the us constitution

so you may have heard oh that's unconstitutional

unconstitutional

no law can violate the constitution period

period and

so everything has to fit under the

constitution is the constitution fixed no

there are many amendments to the constitution

constitution

i would argue that

it's something that's not likely to

happen at this point in history

i don't see the

will or the interest to

modernize the constitution in any way

right at the moment but i would also

argue that there are some things in the

constitution that probably should be

modernized at some point

the constitution was written a very very

very long time ago and many of the

amendments to the constitution were

really about human rights civil rights

rights and protections for the most part that

that were

were

in some way left out or weren't properly

worded in the original constitution but

what we have now is the supreme law

under that law

we have the federal

and state laws which we'll get into in a moment

moment

but laws in general are

rules that are adopted by elected officials

officials and

and

the actual

meaning of that law changes

changes

by court interpretation so we have three

branches of government the executive

branch which is the president of the

united states

the legislative branch which is our senate

senate

and our house of representatives and

and

our judicial branch or

the court system at the federal level

there are federal courts

and the supreme court

plus courts of appeal as well

at the state level it's very similar we

have a governor

we have

a state legislature

and we have

our state courts our state courts of

appeal and our state supreme court

the supreme court of california

and all of that falls underneath the

umbrella of the federal level

level

and we also have county and city level so

federal state county city and they each

are organized in a very similar way

so these elected officials are

are

congress or state legislature

or county board of supervisors

or city council

again going down the list of levels

we elect those people and they

write laws and regulations

with the intent to represent the people

in their constituency people they are representing

representing

and it's not just people it's businesses

it's lobbyists and other special interests

interests and

and [Music]

[Music]

they do their best usually

usually

to write something that is going to be a

new rule to protect someone food safety

you must follow these rules in order to

keep consumers safe

and the law is usually really

short by comparison of the regulation

and the regulation is all right here's

the law you must do a bunch of things to

be safe

how do you do that

regulations can be a lot longer a lot

more detail now you've got all kinds of

different businesses i'm talking food

safety i've got restaurants and food

manufacturing facilities and grocery stores

stores and

and

vendors on the

street corner and i've got

agricultural production facilities i've

got transportation you've got cooling

all these different things that deal

with just food

there's a lot of rules so regulations

and almost every law has regulations and

so there's some

that agency

is going to exist because a law says you

and that agency is then

in charge of

applying enforcing

the rules

and working out the details of the

regulation so for example stick to food

safety since i've been talking about it

already but

the federal government

as well as

some state legislatures

legislatures

have written laws

about food safety

and the laws say you must do

this list of things in order to keep

people safe

they also will say that there must be

some organization

some appointed organization

that is going to make sure

that you

follow the rules and tell you what the

details of those rules are the regulations

regulations so

the usda us department of agriculture

exists because a law says it is a

responsibility of the federal government

to have

the united states department of

agriculture that's one of their

responsibilities there's a law that says that

that

there are tasks

that the usda must do now we don't elect

the usda the usda is

federal employees the head of the usda

is appointed by the president and

and [Music]

[Music]

there are lots of different departments

and they work with industry they work

with the public they work with schools and

and

individuals and farmers and

business owners and and

and

try to work out

how are we going to comply with these

food safety law what are the specific

federal laws

all should fall within and be compatible

with the united states constitution

and we call those the united states codes

codes

federal laws are called codes and

and

congress is

who adopts these

generally it goes first through the

house of representatives and then it

goes to

the u.s senate

if they're both approved it goes to this the

the

president for signing

and if the president signs it everything

happens it becomes

a new law

president doesn't sign it well can go

back to congress and

and

the president's veto or lack of

approval can be overridden by a

majority actually it's a two-thirds majority

majority of

the senate and

so once they have those laws in place

then they have to say somewhere in the law

law

who or which agency is going to regulate

at the state level

they're also called codes the california

codes every state has their list of

codes you can search and i actually have

a link for the california codes

and we have our legislature

we also have something

in california called the ballot

initiative propositions and

i'm going to go on a little side [Music]

[Music]

note here

the idea of propositions were because

grassroots efforts were often being

ignored by our legislature and so

the ballot initiative process the

proposition process in california was

adopted as a way for

the citizens

to get a voice and saying we think this

is important we think this should be part

part

of the rules

i was in full support

of the

ballot initiative concept

concept

unfortunately i would argue that in more

modern times in recent years it's been really

really

stolen by special interests and

big money interests and it's really hard

to tell the difference between

between

a grassroots

by the people ballot initiative or proposition

proposition

and a special interest

or a particular

business interest or financial interest

trying to just change things to get

their way

and so it takes a lot of work

and i vote yes on quite a few ballot

initiatives i vote no on quite a few as

well it depends

but i would say

you really have to do your homework now

more than ever

because the

uh not only the candidates for our

legislature or congress at the federal

level but also these ballot initiatives

and our laws they are given names that

are totally misleading to manipulate the

emotions they are being

sold to us as though they are

for the people

when sometimes they are sometimes

they're not

so i would encourage you to learn not

only about the ag laws and regulations

but also

learn about your own

local and state government and learn how

get involved do a little research learn

who you can trust

ballot initiatives or propositions or

candidates or something

i will

go to certain sources to try to see what

sources that to me have become

trustworthy sources

anyway enough on that

uh at the county level

we have things instead of codes our laws

at the county level are called ordinances

ordinances and

and

uh counties all that i know of have a

board of supervisors

it may be different in some states but

every place i've ever

known of if they have their board of

supervisors again elected officials

and there are also county

which

at the state level we call them propositions

propositions

at the county level um

and the city level it kind of depends so

don't worry about it but it's

essentially a ballot initiative where if

enough people will sign a petition

saying yes we want to vote on this

it makes it to the ballot and you vote

on it in your

local county jurisdictions

and the same thing in the city level but

at the city level the ordinances are

adopted by the city council again at

every level it's elected officials

officials

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