philosophers they accept this Multiplex epistemology
so we study even though as an example
for Multiplex epistemology and the
purpose of this series is to demonstrate
how multiplexity is implemented in
is just an example it should not be misunderstood
misunderstood
as if he's the only one who uses uh multiplexity
uh in this presentation I benefited from
two books of uh uh IBN one of them is
is a well-known book doesn't need any introduction
introduction
even husband talks about epistemology in
that book so I utilized that book and
also shifa USA is another book on
tasawof written by Eminem
it means remedy of the questioner in
search of answers so these two books are
very important of course he has other
books which may also be incorporated
when we search deeply his uh his views
on abstinology but these are the two
major sources because she found reflects
his uh his uh his views from
as you know it's an empirical work in uh
in Civilization studies
so these two books
demonstrate the multiplicity of his
epistemology in a particular and he's
very conscious about this massplexity he
uh about men and his ability to reason
to exercise figure
so even though
in the sixth chapter of mokadama six and
answer to the question of what's a human being
being
because all Sciences
deal with a human being and his actions
so that's why it's very important you
know to answer this question and
actually all social theories are
grounded on a particular understanding
of uh
of of of human being here
uh so the the content subject purpose
and scope of uh Sciences can only be
understood by answering the question of
what a human being is
uh so this is even Holden's uh
we have already discussed ibrahalton's
view on existence on Multiplex ontology
and how he operationalizes Multiplex ontology
ontology
he here in this lecture we will be
talking about how he operationalizes uh
Multiplex epistemology
so the ontological hierarchy is parallel
to epsological hierarchy you see this
parallelism between a multiplex approach
to existence and Multiplex approach to knowledge
knowledge
and because abstinology is grounded on ontology
ontology
and this is also observable [Music]
[Music]
writings according to even Holden there
are three types on which that correspond
to three levels of existence according
to his Multiplex epistemology
there are three types of knowledge uh
acquired knowledge
knowledge granted by divine inspiration
gift its knowledge we can say gifted
knowledge and then the prophetic
knowledge knowledge of The Messengers of
Allah as we discussed in the previous
lecture even Alvin accepts that there is
and then there is non-material Worlds I
live in melakut or alumin and also the
so acquired knowledge it's called
it is gained through reasoning
or research
this is the scientific knowledge
academic knowledge produced by research reasoning
reasoning
and it's called
acquired knowledge people acquired it by
studying by doing research
this is the gifted knowledge
you know it's granted by God
uh you know it comes to people through
divine inspiration uh cash or ilham the
this kind of knowledge is not gained
through rational processes in the mind
but is granted by Allah to Pious people
as a reward
and in the Quran there is a verse clearly
clearly
so I have taqwa then Allah will teach
you so taqwa brings a a particular type
of knowledge to people but in order to
have taqwa you need Al ill milk SB and
if you have taqwa then you will be
blessed with the
the
gifted knowledge taught by gods and then
there is another very special type of
knowledge which is
knowledge of The Messengers of Allah
which is only accessible to prophets and
can be received through divine revelation
so these three types of knowledge
is accepted by IBN as part of marathable
Multiplex epistemology because B has a
different epistemology [Music]
[Music]
has a [Music]
has another different type of
epistemology so it's a good example of
his understanding of Multiplex abstinology
abstinology uh
uh
adopted by all Muslim Scholars and even
is not exceptional to this and this
Multiplex epsonology is grounded on
Multiplex ontology
and from this perspective
the uh different types of knowledge that
they are
structures in this Multiplex system so
there are two types of knowledge
the objective source of knowledge
and it includes sense perception
and then reason
and then Revelation and through reports
so these are three three objective
sources of knowledge when I say
objective I mean
an argument may be based on these
sources of knowledge in the public sphere
sphere
you can use them in the chord in the
school or in any public debate to prove something
something
uh invest
you know there are rationalists who give
priority tourism and there are empresses
who give a priority to sense perception
and then the religious Pious people you
know they give priority to Hawaii but
here you see all of them are given equal
importance in this system then we have
subjective source of knowledge from the
perspective of Multiplex epsonology or
meritable idiom these subjective source
of knowledge includes intuition dreams
dreams
Inspirations and opening of the eye of
the hearts cash
ilham cash but these are subjective by
subjective I mean that this the
knowledge gained through these sources
cannot be used as a foundation for an
argument in the public sphere
in the chords you cannot use it when you
make fatwa in fuku you cannot use them
as delil you cannot use them to show
that one Hadith is sahih based on this
you cannot use in academic research you
cannot use in any public debates it's
private to you I mean if you see
something in your dream if you like to
accept it you accept it if you don't
like to accept it you don't accept it
but you cannot use your dream as an
Evidence to prove something to other
people so this is a very comprehensive
as you see that it includes both like uh
you know sense perception reason divine
revelation in the scriptures and also
intuition dreams inspiration opening uh
of the heart's eye it's a very comprehensive
comprehensive
but the problem is how to use them all
together without transgressing the borders
borders
so it's Muslim Scholars they Define the
domain where it's acceptable to your
sense perception and usually it is the
material world
which is the physical world but the reason
reason
may also be used both in the material
world but in uh if you if one wants to
use reason you know to do research about
the metaphysical world uh this is
epistemological transgression
like you cannot know
like here after through your reason and
you can know its existence but you
cannot put details of it
like how's life in Paradise your reason
or your sense perception are not going
to help you you need divine revelation
for this purpose so this is how the
multiplex epistological system in general
general
works and it's accepted commonly by all
pays attention to the main ability to think
think
and he argues that sense perception
is common to both animals and people
so this is something we share they have
eyes we also have eyes they have ears we
also have ears you know uh so this is
common to both animals and human beings
man has the advantage or the other
beings that he may perceive things
outside himself through his ability to
think figures which is something Beyond
his senses so this figure you know does
not exist in the animals it is something
peculiar to us to human beings through
the internal senses of the mind it man
takes the picture of the immediate
objects of sense perception
so like when we see something we take
that image yeah so this is how our sense
perception works so that's the Surat
that's the image of something or the
concept of it the ability to think is
the occupation with mental images that
are Beyond sense perception and the
application of the mind to them for
analysis and synthesis so this is
thinking okay so you have Concepts which
you drive through your observation of
the material objects and nature and when
you uh you know discover relations
between these Concepts then this is
thinking and if you discover a new
relationship between those Concepts this
becomes like a new uh idea
so our mind makes analysis makes
sentences by bringing those Concepts
together and separating them
and this is what is meant by the word
for Arts
for art it also means Hearts so there's
cult and there is you know synonyms same
meaning so human beings think with their
spiritual hearts with their Culp with
their for Arts it's the same thing
so uh our account is in the hearts you
know in yeah and Accord is something
spiritual something uh non-material and
so there are different uh levels of
thinking uh according to Imran khaldoon
the ability to think has different uh
this is discretionary thinking
discretionary thinking or thinking to
separate things from each other so it is
intellectual understanding of the things
that exist in the outside world
and it produces Concepts like you see
trees you have the concept of three you
see chickens then you have the concept
of chicken you see roads you have the
concept of Road in your mind and these
are called Concepts in Arabic
and with the concepts man knows what's
useful what's harmful that's the
elementary level of knowledge then
this is experiential knowledge
it provides men with ideas and the
behavior needed in dealing with his
fellow men and in leading them in
politics so politics is an experiential
knowledge you know drives from the
experience of people and politics and Ori
Ori
or experiential knowledge is grounded
in tastic cuts propositions
and a proposition or a judgment
is constituted by two thousand words
two concepts and the relationship
between them [Music]
[Music]
the third type of thinking this is the
theoretical thinking
it provides the knowledge of an object
Beyond sense perception without any
practical activity
so this uh this afternoon is about kuliats
kuliats
the universe categories or Universal
knowledge or the general knowledge
so it consists of both Concepts
this is the more complicated
sophisticated type of thinking which is
is defined as moving from particulars to
the Universal's
so like with your which sense perception
people experience
and perceive particulars through Nazar
they reach
they have
intellectual capacity but this
the second middle level rouhania and the
highest level
so a human being
in the beginning of his life like
uneducated person is at the level of the Sharia
Sharia
then after some education and learning
he may come to the level of rouhania and
above the level of rouhania there is
and he sees a parallelism between the
animal kingdom human beings and the
angels so like human beings begin their
Journey when they are born like animals
they are after only satisfying their
physical needs that slowly they improve
and become like human beings and they
are different than the uh
uh
then they become different than animals
so even how long calls this level of
rouhania but if they go further then
they reach the level of foreign
[Music]
existing beings they are organized in
ascending uh orders human soul is
prepared to reach the higher and the
final level of Malachi by virtue of a
primary natural position that God has
placed in human soul
but this requires you know education and Improvement
so human soul is the Norse the nowhere
is the human soul the heart is in the soul
and the and also the reason is in the
soul so these are all faculties of the
but human soul
uses reason and sense precision as its tools
tools
so Allah created human Souls with two
facets right right
one side is turned towards sensory experience
you know the existence that can be uh
can be perceived through a sense
perception uh from it the soul draws the
forms of the existence the concepts the images
images
which are then brought by these senses
to the intellects
where their abstract meanings are disengaged
disengaged
the other facet of uh of human beings
they are turned towards the tablet alone
which is
so on the one hand we are grounded in a
physical and big world but on the other
hand we are connected to our level right
the invisible world
where wherein the forms of the existence
are impressed and include knowledge of
the realities that have been are and
will be until the day of Resurrection
there is a veil between human soul and
so if this well between human soul which
is the thinking and reasoning faculty of
a human being
is removed
tablet becomes the level helmet hose
becomes visible to human beings
so if the whale is lifted
through purification and deliverance
from impurities the sins then Precision
in drug is achieved in its most perfect
aspect more preferably so than by means
of the first facets indeed the senses
the imagination and the intellect can
not always be relied upon to transmit
Faithfully Faithfully the forms and
realities of the existence to the human soul
soul
this is because senses know the
particulars and reason universalizes
that particulars this universalization
or abstraction is knowing behind the world
Multiplex epistology
recognizes that different types of
knowledge they have advantages and limitations
limitations
that's why you can't rely on a single
source of knowledge you cannot rely on a
single type of knowledge
because every type of knowledge every
source of knowledge
has limitations
so so
reason is limited that's why prophetic knowledge
knowledge
why is needed to support reason but at
the same time profit knowledge is not
enough in itself alone you have to use
your reason which is required by the Why
not all existing things and their causes
are accessible to human mind and senses
some aspects of the reality lie Beyond
in al-aco and human comprehension
the train of prophetic knowledge is
beyond the intellect and it informs us
so but if you don't accept or don't
recognize if you are not aware of these
limitations then you commit a big crime
which is
uh epistemological transgression
so let's say Sun's perception has a
particular domain where it's good to use
sense perception but if you sense perception
perception
uh in high level right
the melecules then you are doing
intellectual transgression
because sense perception is useless in
that domain
so the train of perfect knowledge is
beyond the intellect and it informs us
about the higher level of existence
so that's the contribution of prophetic
knowledge because that high level of
existence is beyond our reason and sense
perception so even haldun writes
intellect is a correct scale however the
intellect should not be used to weigh
such methods as the Oneness of God the
other worlds the truth of Prophecy the
real character of divine attributes or
anything else that lies beyond the level
of the
so intellect is good but it has limits
one might compare it with a man who sees
a scale in which gold is being weighed
and wants to weigh mountains in that
so how is this thinking ability figure
and illum Iran related to each other so
even Holden argues that thinking is the
beginning of human actions
thinking is the beginning of new
knowledge so these human actions you
know they are related to the emergence
of civilizations
so when civilization is emerge you know
a new actions emerge but to be able to
do that you need thinking
so thinking makes possible for uh you
know to to
to
produce human actions thinking makes
possible to produce new knowledge so actions
actions
are related to the emergence of civilizations
this part of social ontology and new knowledge
knowledge
is related to the emergence of Sciences
so this Multiplex epistemology
epistemology
according to even khaldoon for instance
there are three types of politics
there is natural politics
rational politics
and religious politics
but politics may not exactly translate
his concept of milk
so the natural politics or natural
political power
it causes the message to acts as
required by purpose and desire
but the Russian politics clear
causes the message to act as required by
their intellect
by the rational insight into the means
of furthering their worthy interest and
avoiding anything that's harmful
causes the message to act as required by
religious insights into their interest
in the other world as well as in this
world so you see that even khaldoon you know
know
reflects a multiplex idea of politics
there is rational politics there is
religious politics and also natural
politics or natural political power so
these different types of ruling are
informed by immunogan's Multiplex epistology
epistology
if he had not recognized divine
revelation as a source of knowledge he
wouldn't have made this classification that
because you see that he accepts
rational politics and natural
politics or political power so this is a
multiplex and theory of of politics
so these different type of ruling are
informed by you know how those Multiplex
epistology uh
and and it reflects that he accepts
reason as a source of knowledge and
divine revelation as another source of
knowledge and also this natural way of
doing things
so from this perspective
you know talks about a rule of man and
rule of law uh
uh
some useful hints from uh ibno haldon to
the students
about knowledge
from the marketing of IBN galdoon so he
wrote I would like to read it as it is
translated I wish I could read from
Arabic but our audience understand only
the English one if you are afflicted by
such difficulties and hampered in your
understanding of the problems by
misgivings or disturbing doubts in your
mind cast them off
discard the ways of words and obstacles
of Dance
so it's a very interesting sentence I
really like it discard the whales of words
words
and the obstacles of doubts so words
they sometimes become like a whale
you know you get you know preoccupied
with those words and they
cover the truth behind them so don't get
blinded by the words focus on the truth
or the reality
beyond words
discard the ways of words and the
obstacles of doubts leave all the
technical procedures and take refuge in
the realm of the natural ability to
think even to you by Nature okay so your futra
futra
and has given to you a natural ability
to think about these things so you don't
need to rely on
on formal logic or formal
formal ways of thinking let your
speculation roam in it and let your mind
freely delvinies according to whatever
you desire to obtain from it set food in
the places where the greatest thinkers
before you did
interest yourself to God's AIDS and in
as in his Mercy he aided them and taught
them what they did not know
if you do that God's helpful light will
shine upon you and show you your
objective inspiration will indicate to
you the middle term which God made a
national requirement of the process of
thinking as we have stated so he's
talking about the chaos
the middle term uh [Music]
[Music]
at that particular moment return with the
the
midden's turn to the malls and forms to
be used for the arguments dip it into
them and give it its due of the
technical Norm of logic so logic is also
important but not everything okay then
close it with the forms of words and
bring it forth into the world of spoken
utterances firmly geared and soundly constructed
constructed
so this is very interesting uh you know
citation from
and his
analysis of like how knowledge is
produced is very uh interesting he looks
at the inner aspects of it
all right we stop here inshallah and you
comments objections
you are free thank you thank you
Professor for the very enlightening uh
lecture on biblical loans
quote on
um ontology
approach actually
so um
so yeah this in this part we'll be
talking about mostly the comments and Q
a section we hope our audience have
taken notes of the lecture and are
prepared for the uh for this session
uh this session will last up there
around 30 to 45 minutes so um please
feel free to raise your hand and uh or
if you have any comments or questions
you can leave you to the chat as well
so rubad do you have anything to begin with
with
uh yes I have a few
so I think one of the things that I um
that I was thinking about about the idea
um like when we were talking about the epistemology
epistemology
um uh
as sorry I'm just
one man
okay so uh we're talking about uh Divine
uh Revelation to be a source of
knowledge right yes now this is quite
obvious to people who have already uh
accepted it or understood it and
believed in it now it seems to me from
the mutakalimine when they're trying to uh
uh
like argue for the validity of this
episode political sorts they also use
they kind of seem to use uh alcohol and
uh and a bit of like uh empirical uh
means as well is that is that a true
characterization would you say that yeah
yeah yeah it's absolutely true because
when you want to prove that Quran is the
book of Allah you cannot cite Quran as a daily
daily
absolutely yeah you signed you know some
external daily external evidence
first second you know pure reasoning is
the Common Grounds between Muslim and non-muslims
non-muslims
right okay so then you want to prove
something to a non-muslim you use pure rationality
rationality
as I have explained you know in my uh
previous uh presentations so you just
use pure rationality that's the common ground
ground
you know because he uses his reason you
use your reason he doesn't cite his
sacred book you don't cite your sacred
book okay so that's the
common ground for the whole Humanity I
call it pure rationality so there are
two types of rationality one is pure
rationality and then the other one
religious rationality
so reduce rationality incorporates
sense perception using article plus it
adds the Quran and the Hadith together
together so
so
uh if you would allow me the Dr Shanter uh
uh
we have seen uh some descriptions at the
end very beautiful description of how
IBN engages into uh you know and and
just before that he also mentioned uh
something about illness idea of the two
facets of the
so or the nine now my question is
it almost seems to me that this is
something that evening derives from this
kind of cash for like it doesn't seem to
be like it seems experiential would you
agree with that like uh with what I've
no no no can you explain to me that
because even khaldoon is a Multiplex
scholar you know there are certain
things like he derives from experimentation
experimentation
there are certain things you know he
drives from like Hawaii and there are
certain things he drives from Kashif
you know so he combines all of them
that's the maxplex perspective you know
some people call him empressist because
he's using empirical methods but it's
not true
he uses empirical Metals but he's not
empressist in the sense that he does not
try to you know reduce everything to
Empirical research he never makes a
claim that the only valid legitimate
academic knowledge is empirical knowledge
knowledge
but you know he uses you know empirical
knowledge as one of the knowledge he
uses and he relies on but outside he
uses like rational knowledge he uses
knowledge based on divine revelation and
he uses knowledge based on this uh
sources as well because he has a book on tasawa
tasawa
uh so uh so let's not think even a
problem just like the modern Scholars
who accept only one type of knowledge as
a valid academic knowledge and rejects
all other types so even how do this more comprehensive
comprehensive
so to to characterize that to uh to
check my understanding of what you just
said so basically if the khalun would
use the Marathi of Lulu all the uh all
the aspects of epistemology at different
stages to comment this this like deep
understanding of what he's describing
that that would probably be a better
characterization right yes yes yes exactly
exactly
thank you very much okay
okay
thank you louette I guess uh we have a
hand over here uh was it Buck could you
just place the uh unmute yourself and
um right so we'll come back to him again
uh this one as well I had a um small
questions process okay we've got for
um I was wondering if uh can you hear me
yes yes uh yeah I was just wondering if
Evan haldoon brings
um brings a layer of creativity or
imagination or aesthetic type knowledge
into his
um not just his epistemology but into
his idea of the kinds of knowledge and
Opera how that might be operationalized
within the political domain
yes uh yeah this is a very good question
as I have mentioned in the uh in the
second type of second and third type of
knowledge like I mean in the first type
like where we collect images from nature
so there is no innovation you know just imagination
imagination
you know like we observe objects in the
outside world and we collect images and
we turn them into Concepts then
Innovation comes uh when you relate this
Concepts to each other to make a
synthesis and Analysis
because let's say you have like a 10 000
images 10 000 Concepts you know in your
mind and how you relate these Concepts
to each other
how you establish relationships you know
among these Concepts then Innovation
comes in that phase so some people they
are so Innovative you know they discover
relations among Concepts other people
can never think of
you know than this called Innovation
this is called new idea
see what I mean so in the field of uh politics
politics
as we have discussed there is like
natural politics you know uh like you
know natural aspect of the political
life which is everywhere but then there
is rational politics this open to
Innovation and also religious politics
digital political thoughts
this also open to Innovation through
each the hearts through uh by using
people can make Innovations within
but of course following this method
not haphazard not random actually all
Innovations follow some rules you know
Innovations are not are not methodless
you know they are not random so there's
a domain you know uh like or there's a type
type
of epistemology that allows people and
encourages people to make Innovations
in even [Music]
[Music] foreign
foreign
thank you for your question and uh thank
you Professor for the uh for the answer
and just to let everyone know that we
have shared our uh WhatsApp groups um um
Link in the chat uh because we'll be
sharing the slides of today's lecture
and record the video and all those for
the upcoming information on the upcoming
lectures as well so please feel free to
join in our group for more information
on the lectures
so we have uh was it watched again uh
please uh could you join me to yourself
um
just two Bitcoins the first point is
that um
dealing with non-muslims or any party
there is a concept that only what comes
from the West
is authentic
and I believe um it's time for us
as people who have a different
understanding of epistemology based on
our faith
that we demonstrate that publicly
it's not what they call quote unquote scientific
scientific
um is the truth
the step combine I want to make is that
Beethoven the great was a German musician
musician
and those who study his life will see
that the best musics he made was your
written when he was deaf how do you
explain that rationally
and secondly I can remember the
scientist's name when I was in high school
school
the guy who was in his bathtub and then
he discovered Eureka and you run out and
he was and there was no rational
scientific methodology that when he came
to that fruit that he found out in his bathtub
bathtub um
um
so how do we explain this so I believe
what we need to do we can use rational
but rational as Emmanuel Khan says
has limitations
but we have to go beyond and I think
when we have to share our truth we share
it from
the sources of knowledge that is we are
exposed to assalamualaikum
alaikum salaam
as I have shown in my slides that
Ibraham actually all other Muslim
Scholars also accept
subjective sources of knowledge like
dreams intuitions inspirations
you know seeing things through the eye
of the heart they all accept these
sources of knowledge this is scientific
for us
but the question is they accept only
experimentation as a source of knowledge
the idealist they accept only rational
thinking as a source of knowledge so you
know from their perspective
the examples you gave are unexplainable
but from Multiplex perspective is easy
because we accept intuition as a source
of knowledge anyway so it's not a
problem you know uh for for someone who
accepts the multiplex epsomology to explain
explain
that you know sometimes people get
knowledge through uh through sources
outside sense perception or Reason
name through dreams through Inspirations
through the eye of the heart through
some other spiritual experience so it's
it's it's quite acceptable from the
multiplex uh perspective
so we have no difficulty no challenge in
explaining but if you're a positivist
then you have a big challenge to explain
these things okay
okay
um we've got two questions in the chat
the first one is
does share the source of his
understanding of different Realms and
ability of humans to transcend it from
one to another
in other words can we say he was
to actually experience different level
of his understanding is based on his
you know people who are cyberkish they
don't say I am Sai bulkesh you know you
know they say those who speak don't know
those who don't know speak yeah those
who don't know
those who don't know speak those who
know don't speak so like people who have
kids they usually never say you know
they have cash flow but even Harden
wrote a book on Taza wolf where he talks
about cash you know and it's quite
possible that you know he was one of
those people you know who had the
blessing of being uh [Music]
[Music]
and uh
but as I said this
perspective his Multiplex understanding
of uh epsteomology is not unique to even
khaldoon all our
ulama all our Scholars accept this
Multiplex perspective you read any book
any frequent book you will see like
these are all listed as sources of
knowledge so it's General and we are
studying even hardwood as just an
example because he's a prominent
scholar and I am he's like one of my
favorite Scholars that's why I want to
like promote him you know but if you
study gazali it's the same thing you
know farabi in the same thing if this is
the same thing you know is the same
thing you know uh like Imam Shafi
they all they're all the same thing like
none of them reject dreams as a source
of mind because dreams is in the Quran
you know like dream as a source of
knowledge is mentioned in the Quran how
can a mission scholar or any ordinary
Muslim can reject it see what I mean
so like this ilham is also in the Quran
intuition mentioned in the Quran so no
sensible Muslim can reject something
like this and actually like this
epistology is grounded in the Quran and
Hadith you know did not make it up from
the their own mind
they they they
you know extrapolated this knowledge
from the Quran and they just
systematized it
okay excellent there's another question
from elif uh in previous slides we saw
that even kaldoon negates the use of
intellect to support the truth of
prophethood and Oneness of God but in
today's world there are many important
works in the field of philosophy of
religion to support Russian rationally
the truth of prophethood and Oneness of
God how can we how can we explain this difference
difference
no uh
uh Ibraham does not negate
using intellect to support the truth of
prophethood and Oneness of God because
this is what they do you know they they
try to prove rationally
that there is God there is Allah
they try to prove rationally to hate
that the Quran is the true book of Allah
and Muhammad Ali salaam is the messenger
of Allah and there is here after so
illum and our philosophers they try to
prove these things irrationally you know
using their reason
is not against this however you know
they say this is not enough
it's not sufficient there's only one
level of knowledge
perhaps you know in previous discussion
this is what I have tried to uh
communicate but maybe I couldn't
communicate uh properly so he's not
against the discipline of uh of uh
of Il McCallum or you know or the
philosophy but he's very critical of
certain types of philosophy it's
mutualistic atheistic philosophy so if
philosophy or Kalam is instrumentalized
you know to support some heresy he is
ingested but he's not against the
philosophy itself because he uh you know
he thinks you know
and he thinks is part of the El Hickman
you know so for he names philosophy
and he names philosophers
so if they have wrong ideas he criticize
them but also you know you have to be
very careful you know sometimes uh one
scholar criticize another one it does
not mean he completely you know rejects
the work of that particular scholar
maybe just on this particular point so
they had himself
they were like fairs and they were very
critical but at the same time Fair like
let's say Imam Shafi criticizes
but he's very respectful to everyone at
the same time
and he does not reject 100 percent everything
everything
said on particular issues you know and
this is scholarly disagreement which is
very good very healthy you know it
should be there and the same thing with
even khaldoon like on certain issues
exercises philosophers but doesn't you
know uh uh abandon the complete them
uh thank you thank you Professor we actually
actually
um uh don't have much hands and much
queries than the in the chat or in the
uh in the participant among the
participants so don't know if there is a
mass questions
um one question I have though uh yes put
forward Professor that you talked about
uh Material World Knowledge of material
world in non-material world and the
Divine world this three level in
Multiplex epistemology uh um so
and if we talk if you talk about the um
modern uh Western secular knowledge uh
and sociology we we seem to come across
the these two level is them material
world and non-material world but Divine
world is missing and the existence of
soul is missing there and but at the heart and soul of uh Islamic
heart and soul of uh Islamic epistemology
epistemology um is the the presence of Soul or the
um is the the presence of Soul or the Divine world
Divine world is there any way to reconcile between
is there any way to reconcile between this
this eastern and western
eastern and western um Gene epistemology or knowledge
um Gene epistemology or knowledge knowledge uh Paradigm is there any way
knowledge uh Paradigm is there any way they're going to reconcile or you know
they're going to reconcile or you know yes yes yeah yeah I mean the modern or
yes yes yeah yeah I mean the modern or postmodern materialists
postmodern materialists whether materialists or idealist you
whether materialists or idealist you know reductionism you know uh is very
know reductionism you know uh is very simple-minded you know their reduction
simple-minded you know their reduction is they try to reduce reality
is they try to reduce reality to a single level whether material Level
to a single level whether material Level or the ideal level and also they want to
or the ideal level and also they want to reduce
reduce [Music]
[Music] knowledge into a single type of
knowledge into a single type of knowledge
knowledge this is you know you know very primitive
this is you know you know very primitive very simple
very simple approach to reality and knowledge you
approach to reality and knowledge you know they have to expand their Horizons
know they have to expand their Horizons and there is like reaction to uh
and there is like reaction to uh classical positivism classical
classical positivism classical materialism
materialism but then this reaction went to other
but then this reaction went to other extremes you know now they say no
extremes you know now they say no knowledge you know no truth nothing is
knowledge you know no truth nothing is acceptable nothing is proven so that's
acceptable nothing is proven so that's another extreme so we need to help these
another extreme so we need to help these people you know through uh Multiplex
people you know through uh Multiplex perspective that the you know there is
perspective that the you know there is certain knowledge
certain knowledge but in a particular domain and
but in a particular domain and subjectivity which is you know advocated
subjectivity which is you know advocated by postmodernity it also has its level
by postmodernity it also has its level in this Multiplex system
in this Multiplex system so I believe you know multiplexity will
so I believe you know multiplexity will bring together
bring together you know different approaches to
you know different approaches to knowledge in this Multiplex system so I
knowledge in this Multiplex system so I mean if you are empressist yes we have a
mean if you are empressist yes we have a room for you you know in the
room for you you know in the multiplexity system but don't claim that
multiplexity system but don't claim that everything
everything must be known through empirical methods
must be known through empirical methods uh you know there is a domain where
uh you know there is a domain where empirical myths are very useful but if
empirical myths are very useful but if you try to use empirical methods in a
you try to use empirical methods in a domain where they are not applicable you
domain where they are not applicable you know you are doing epistemological
know you are doing epistemological transgression I call this
transgression I call this epistemological transgression
epistemological transgression uh like this empirical epsonology is
uh like this empirical epsonology is good in one particular domain the
good in one particular domain the natural world the material world but if
natural world the material world but if you use like uh you know empirical
you use like uh you know empirical methods to study the Raw to study the
methods to study the Raw to study the metaphysical world
metaphysical world to make statements about the Hereafter
to make statements about the Hereafter this is transgression you know I mean
this is transgression you know I mean you are supposed to use this tool in a
you are supposed to use this tool in a particular domain you are using outside
particular domain you are using outside uh the proper domain and actually Imam
uh the proper domain and actually Imam gazal is critique of the philosophers
gazal is critique of the philosophers you know the Greek philosophers and
you know the Greek philosophers and their followers may be explained with
their followers may be explained with this concept of epistemological
this concept of epistemological transgression methodological
transgression methodological transgression because his critique was
transgression because his critique was you know he was saying these
you know he was saying these philosophers may know what's happening
philosophers may know what's happening in the natural world
in the natural world through the empirical and the Russian
through the empirical and the Russian research so if they make a statement
research so if they make a statement about natural words the material world
about natural words the material world we take it seriously and we check
we take it seriously and we check whether it's evidence-based or not it's
whether it's evidence-based or not it's evidence-based then we accept but if the
evidence-based then we accept but if the case statement about the metaphysical
case statement about the metaphysical Worlds the hereafter
Worlds the hereafter God
God reject from the very beginning because
reject from the very beginning because there is no way for them to know through
there is no way for them to know through empirical or rational methods the
empirical or rational methods the metaphysical world
metaphysical world so it's this is what I call you know
so it's this is what I call you know epistemological transgression yeah they
epistemological transgression yeah they transgress the borders you know where
transgress the borders you know where it's appropriate you know to use sense
it's appropriate you know to use sense perception or to use a reason so in that
perception or to use a reason so in that domain the metaphysical domain the
domain the metaphysical domain the Hereafter you know unit divine
Hereafter you know unit divine revelation
revelation you know your mind wouldn't tell you uh
you know your mind wouldn't tell you uh anything about it but your mind may tell
anything about it but your mind may tell you that it exists like God exists
you that it exists like God exists the Hereafter exists but that that's you
the Hereafter exists but that that's you know that's the most your mind can help
know that's the most your mind can help you uh understand but when it comes to
you uh understand but when it comes to uh like what's there you know your mind
uh like what's there you know your mind will not be able to uh
will not be able to uh you know uh to tell you anything about
you know uh to tell you anything about that just to just add to that Professor
that just to just add to that Professor uh
uh I just have profound few lectures for
I just have profound few lectures for example one is about what is from
example one is about what is from another is Professor um uh Eric ringer
another is Professor um uh Eric ringer they are talking about the limitation of
they are talking about the limitation of Western and eurocentric based uh this
Western and eurocentric based uh this knowledge base Paradigm and it seems
knowledge base Paradigm and it seems that the multiplex ontology or
that the multiplex ontology or multiplexer approach or equivalent is
multiplexer approach or equivalent is gaining ground do how do you how do you
gaining ground do how do you how do you see that the momentum going do you see
see that the momentum going do you see in the next two three years or so we
in the next two three years or so we will see more researchers and Scholars
will see more researchers and Scholars from the Western world will come forward
from the Western world will come forward and acknowledge the limitation of the
and acknowledge the limitation of the western paradigms yeah I think so
western paradigms yeah I think so because this is the only way uh you know
because this is the only way uh you know to exit the existing crisis you know now
to exit the existing crisis you know now the Western Civilization is in crisis
the Western Civilization is in crisis the ontology epistemology morality
the ontology epistemology morality ethics
ethics it's all in crisis
it's all in crisis this and the relationship with the
this and the relationship with the environments made it you know
environments made it you know very explicit that they have a problem
very explicit that they have a problem you know look what they have done to the
you know look what they have done to the world they brought to the world to the
world they brought to the world to the edge of Extinction
edge of Extinction I mean the life of the world may be
I mean the life of the world may be terminated it may come to an end because
terminated it may come to an end because what because of what they have done
what because of what they have done to the group so what kind of ontology is
to the group so what kind of ontology is behind that what kind of epistemology is
behind that what kind of epistemology is behind that what kind of methodology
behind that what kind of methodology concept of science is behind that
concept of science is behind that so they're all questioning you know
so they're all questioning you know these things but unfortunately they
these things but unfortunately they don't have an alternative
don't have an alternative and we are privileged
and we are privileged we have an alternative why because we
we have an alternative why because we have Islamic heritage
have Islamic heritage so the Islamic intellectual Heritage
so the Islamic intellectual Heritage helps us you know uh to uh to address
helps us you know uh to uh to address these questions
these questions and offer solutions to them so that's
and offer solutions to them so that's our advantage and I believe that you
our advantage and I believe that you know
know uh if we can plausibly intelligibly
uh if we can plausibly intelligibly introduce
introduce this multiplexity which we inherit from
this multiplexity which we inherit from intellectual tradition to the whole
intellectual tradition to the whole world they will recognize that there is
world they will recognize that there is a solution in this and they'll attracted
a solution in this and they'll attracted to it
to it excellent
excellent well thank you thank you that was the
well thank you thank you that was the last question and with that we are about
last question and with that we are about to close the session tonight we thank
to close the session tonight we thank Professor
Professor for this license presentation and we
for this license presentation and we thank you all for taking part in today's
thank you all for taking part in today's session just to let you know our next
session just to let you know our next lecture will be on Tuesday 21st March
lecture will be on Tuesday 21st March and the title will be called the known
and the title will be called the known method Multiplex methodology
method Multiplex methodology so we again thank you so much for
so we again thank you so much for joining in we hope to see you in our
joining in we hope to see you in our next lecture with that we're closing our
next lecture with that we're closing our session tonight thank you everyone bye
session tonight thank you everyone bye for now okay
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