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Here is Everything We Don't Know (Extended)

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Summary

Core Theme

The content explores the vastness of human ignorance across various domains, from the subjective nature of perception and the mysteries of the universe to the complexities of human consciousness, societal structures, and the limitations of our knowledge. It emphasizes that despite advancements, fundamental questions remain unanswered, highlighting the ongoing human quest for understanding.

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[Music]

this is green this is red and this is

blue but how can you tell what you're

seeing as blue is the exact same thing

as what I see as blue we've named the

colors to give us a way to communicate

and reference them but in reality

there's no way of knowing what you see

is the same as what another person sees

even with the small steps and the giant

leaps we've made as a species there's

still a lot to learn about Earth life

and The Human Condition there's still

know on the 26th of February 2015 one

picture of a dress divided the internet

you are seeing white and gold where are

you looking at I oh just changed white

wa no you're kidding while Some solid as

gold and white other solid as blue and

black and ever since then there's been a

number of repetitions of the same

experience expent either using the same

sense in this case sight or even other

senses like hearing in the famous Yan or

Laurel debate Laurel these experiments

remind us that there's no way for us to

tell that you and I sense the same

things what I call Red might just be

what you call Blue and there might be

someone out there who sees human beings

with purple teeth but just refers to it

as white 71% of the entire Earth is

covered by water humans are made up of

about 60% water potatoes 80% watermelons

93% and cucumbers

95% it's very clear that water is

essential for life on Earth but we

really don't know that much about water

not even about the very oceans we came

from in fact we've only explored 5 to

10% of the Earth's oceans the rest well

who knows what's down there it's even

scarier when you realize that fish like

the blob fish and the barreled eye fish

belong to the slim percent of things

that we've already discovered the deeper

you go the crazier things seem to get

what's at the bottom of the ocean for

the most part we just don't know but

back on the surface countries that are

bordered by water use something called

coastlines to mark their territory the

coast is the land along the Sea and the

boundary between the coast and the sea

is known as a coastline so how long is

the US Coastline or any other Coastline

in the world the answer is

well again we don't really know

coastlines constantly curve and cut in

and out even the smallest deviations

from a straight line can add distance

and over time these small distances add

up some of these features are massive

like Bay While others are

minuscule now measuring each and every

little crevice isn't really efficient so

surveyors cut corners and straighten

rough edges and easly manageable lines

if you do a quick Google search of the

measurement of any coastline

you'll find a lot of different answers

they all cut Corners just

differently Humanity as a species though

well we've done really well for

ourselves when in a pinch we invent

something to push us through we made

clothes when the weather was harsh

shelter so we could be safe from

Wildlife to rest and recuperate weapons

to hunt for food money to replace pure

bartering what about fire was fire a

discovery or an invention

and music music has been described by

scientists as a relatively recent

invention by humans it's believed that

music helped our ancestors to bring

together a close-knit community but did

humans really invent music or did we

just discover that certain sounds sound

nice with other sounds birds sing whales

sing even tree frogs have a nice rich

barit tone sometimes so can we really

say man invented music if we did then

what is the true definition of music I

guess we'll never

know on the list of man's greatest

inventions has to be Tools in fact for a

really long time scientists were pretty

sure that this is exactly what made us

human we were the only animals who

through the use of such a variety of

tools were able to expand and grow so

quickly except we aren't the only ones

who use tools a lot of animals mainly

primates use tools for all kinds of

reasons a study by Jane goodle on

African chimpanzees would change the

definition of man forever in the

research it was discovered that these

chimpanzees use tools to gather food

brush their teeth and even more so in

response would this mean we must now

redefine man or redefine tool they use

tools for the exact same things we would

do we accept chimpanzees as human well

of course not this begs the question if

using tools doesn't then what makes us

human in the same research it was also

discovered that chimps had individual

personalities and were capable of

rational thoughts like emotions and

sorrow they gave pats on the back hugs

kisses and even just messed around with

each other just for fun they developed

affectionate bonds with family members

and with other members of the community

and some of these bonds lasted for over

50 years if emotions rational thought

and affectionate actions do not then

what makes us human in the past it was

thought that humans were the only

animals who were

self-aware however in the past 30 years

extensive research has proven that many

other animals are too in fact in 2012 a

group of neuroscientists created the

Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness

which states that humans are not unique

in possessing the neurological

substrates that generate Consciousness

non-human animals including all mammals

and birds and many other creatures also

possess these neural

substrates if consciousness sentience

wakefulness and the ability to feel and

experience do not then what makes us

human we really just don't know all we

know is that one day we weren't today we

are and one day we will be no more we

don't know what happened before we

existed and neither do we know what will

happen after we die if a person dies and

comes back to life it's referred to as a

near-death experience because we see

death as a finality but what if it isn't

what if one of the beliefs of Humanity's

many religions is true even the Earth

itself can be very weird and sometimes

you just see formations that make no

sense like who built Stonehenge and why

the same goes for the pyramids some

people think the gods of Egypt made the

pyramids others are convinced it was

made by human effort but in reality we

just don't know the human mind is

everything all of man's greatest

inventions theories and discoveries have

all come from a human mind we first

conceive of an idea in our mind before

we can ever create it in the real world

but perhaps we don't yet know or

understand exactly how powerful the mind

can be the placebo effect gives us a

glimpse I made an entire video about the

placebo effect but basically doctors

appear to give a patient treatment but

in actuality they don't however this

fake treatment registers in the brain

perceives it as real and kickstarts the

healing process basically the Mind heals

the body because it thinks the body is

getting treatment even if it isn't in

research on social cognitive and

effective Neuroscience it was discovered

that self-affirmation helps to maintain

a positive self viw and helps to restore

your self-confidence and

selfworth simply by telling yourself

nice things it is indeed possible for

your mind to convince your brain and

body that you are those things and these

are just the things we know the mind is

capable of think about everything we

don't know

there are a lot of things we know about

animals dogs are sweet and loving cats

can have an attitude and the lion is

apparently the king of the jungle even

if it lives in a

savannah not everything makes sense and

we really don't know as much as we think

we do going to space is one of man's

greatest achievements however what space

exploration has clearly shown us is just

how small we are in the grand scheme of

things there are at least 2,500 other

solar systems that have been discovered

but that number could go up to the tens

of billions we just can't know for sure

that's just in our galaxy The Milky Way

and the Milky Way is just one of

billions of galaxies that are out there

it's so incredibly massive that you just

can't help but think are we alone in the

universe and if we aren't why hasn't

anyone said hi we have ideas but as

always we don't know and we really can't

prove most things a very fundamental

question for nature is what exactly is

the universe made of and why is there

stuff in it to begin with we know that

almost all matter is made up from

indivisible atoms but why why do atoms

exist and where do they come from when

we die what exactly do those atoms

become everything else at this point

you've listened to me talk for about 7 8

minutes time is persistent for

everything with mass time never stops we

all know that yesterday is in the past

today is the present and tomorrow is the

future but what exactly is time and

where does it come from even more

confusing is did humans discover or invent

time there are so many things about the

world that we just don't know and while

some are deep questions like we've

talked about others are more well

trivial while watching the video of this

person yawning you probably also yawned

so even more importantly why is yawning

contagious when we're happy we laugh

when we're sad we cry but why for a long

time it was believed that laughter was a

social tool to show one another that

we're enjoying what's currently

happening it was an evolution tool used

to help enhance connectivity in

societies but if that was the case then

laughter should be unique to us humans

or at least

primates but it's not other social

animals like dolphins and even rats

laugh so why do we laugh also why do we

cry it's as if crying has emotional

healing powers crying activates our

parasympathetic nervous system and helps

return our bodies to a normal fully

functional State it's a good thing for

your body so why do we associate it with

such sad things we often cry after

something bad has happened not really

while it's happening is it a process

that evolves solely for our brains to

process emotionally painful things then

again we we cry for happy reasons as

well so scratch everything I just said

why are some people right-handed and

others are left-handed why isn't

everyone ambidextrous wouldn't that have

made a lot more sense we can have

theories for many many things but they

remain just that theories in actuality

proving theories as a fact of nature is

a lot harder than you'd think many

scientific theories are superseded with

time considered obsolete or simply wrong

we used to think that Earth was the

center of the universe then one day we

realized it wasn't then again not

everyone could accept the fact that

their view of the universe was so wrong

I mean there's a theory that as recently

as World War II the Germans attempted

some advances under the impression that

the Earth was Hollow so it is very

possible that mostly everything we do

know about the world right now is wrong

honestly it probably is we simply don't

know everything about everything

and that's okay all we can do is keep

asking questions and keep learning about

the world around us trying to uncover

each of its Mysteries one stone at a

time hopefully answering the most

important question of them all what does

existence truly mean if a tree falls

down in the forest and no one is there

to hear it does it make a sound how do

you know taking it one step further if

you hear the tree hit the ground but

don't see it why do you trust your sense

of hearing this might seem like a

ridiculous question but the truth is

that despite our total Reliance on them

our senses deceive us all the time you

hear this audio and some of us hear yany

while the others hear Laurel Laurel you

think you hear your friend laughing in

the other room only to come out and see

it's just the TV a stick that looks bent

in the water turns out to be straight

when you pull it out you spend what

seems like hours walking through a dark

and creepy Forest but then wake up and

realize you were just dreaming the world

is a strange place and and for all the

knowledge we've managed to gather as a

species there's still a lot more that we

too I think therefore I am you've likely

heard this phrase before coined by 17th

century French philosopher Renee deart

the simple declaration serves as the

foundation of all modern

philosophy it's a statement of knowledge

an assertion that if I know nothing else

I at least know I exist

while this may not seem like a

revolutionary idea at first glance it's

actually quite significant philosophers

since the time of Socrates have wondered

whether or not it's possible to know

anything because it always seems that

the more questions we ask the fewer

answers were left with dcart himself was

renowned for his astonishing ability to

doubt everything no matter how trivial

no matter how seemingly obvious he

treated all of his ideas with a radical

level of skepticism believing that doing

so would eventually lead him to the truth

truth

this skepticism led him to ask a

question that science still hasn't been

able to answer how do I know I'm not

dreaming right

now or even more frightening how do I

know that my mind isn't being

deliberately mled by some Evil Genius

think of it like the movie The Matrix

it's possible that at this very moment

you're hooked up to a giant machine that

is feeding you all the sensory data

you're currently experiencing you aren't

really watching this video it's just the

machine making you think that you are

while unlikely technically it is

possible and there's no way we can

disprove it this is why some people

argue that we live in a simulation do we

or don't we we just don't know deart

argues that our inability to rule out

this scenario forces us to doubt

everything we think we know a state of

radical skepticism in which we can't

trust anything we experience or think

fortunately Dart offers us a way out

even if we are forced to doubt

everything the the one thing we cannot

doubt is the fact that we're doubting if

we can doubt then we can think and if we

can think then there must be a mind

doing the thinking so while we may never

know whether or not the world around us

is an illusion or if we even have

physical bodies we can rest easy in the

knowledge that we have Minds that we

exist right well not so much later

philosophers from kard to haiger

criticize dart's claim arguing that the

existence of thoughts does not

necessarily imply the existence of a

thinker Frederick n even went so far as

to say that the idea that there is

something called thinking is itself an

assumption all we can really say then is

that something is happening what that

thing is we just don't know if you're

rolling your eyes at this point it's

understandable to most people this all

sounds like a bunch of over

intellectualized nonsense with no

bearing on the actual world even if we

do live in The Matrix I still know that

2 + 2 equal 4 that the sun is going to

rise tomorrow and that the Earth beneath

my feet is solid well hold up on the

last Point part of the reason why it's

so difficult to say whether we truly

know anything is because we live in a

dynamic Universe where nothing is ever

stable everything in existence is always

moving and always changing including the

Earth itself even as you watch this

video The Very face of the planet is

evolving plate tectonic theory is a

relative newcomer to science first

pioneered in the 1960s our understanding

of how the Earth shifts and moves is

still fairly limited we've discovered

certain things like the fact that the

Earth's Rocky crust is in the form of

plates that sits on top of a mantle of

liquid magma as this magma circulates

and turns it pushes the plates around

knocking them into each other and

creating earthquakes volcanoes and

mountains what this means is that

contrary to what we think the ground

beneath our feet isn't solid it's

constantly changing and if it is how can

we say we know it tomorrow an earthquake

could reshape our continents and so the

best we can ever have is a rough

approximation of what we think it used

is maybe I'm just trying to Strongarm a

metaphor here but it seems like whenever

we investigate what we think we know our

ideas start to crumble it's an

interesting Quirk of reality really the

simpler a question is the harder it can

be to answer it's for this reason that

many people fear death because we simply

don't know anything about what happens

after it yet I cannot help but think

that the fear that we don't know

anything about death presupposes that we

know what life is because in reality we

don't know either well it's easy for us

to tell the difference between living

and non- living materials say like an

apple versus a rock but when we try to

pin down a precise definition of life

things get complicated all life forms

whether a plant or animal bacteria or

fungus are composed of cells and are

able to meet certain basic fundamental

conditions these include responsiveness

metabolism energy transformation growth

and reproduction for instance when you

smell food you respond by feeling hungry

eating a sandwich then starts your

metabolic process which allows you to

convert calories into energy this energy

is then used to do things like grow

muscles or attract a mate but this is

what life does not what life is the main

problem is that the primary feature of

life is that it's always changing and

definitions by their nature are meant to

be static perhaps if we knew where life

came from we'd have a better sense of

what exactly it is unfortunately we

don't know this either of course one day

science will figure this stuff out the

secrets to life the Earth and everything

else will be unlocked all it takes is

more advanced technology more

sophisticated methods and we'll be able

to know the answers for certain won't

we here's the thing though science isn't

ever 100% certain when researchers at

the European Organization for nuclear

research otherwise known as CERN

announced the discovery of the higs

boson in 2012 they did so by stating

that their observations had passed the

crucial threshold of five Sigma

certainty to most people this term is

nothing more than academic jargon but

Sigma in this context is the statistical

unit of measurement used to determine

how probable it is that a given result

is correct the higher the value the more

likely a particular finding is true with

5 Sigma being the gold standard

representing a 1 in a million chance

that a given observation is

inaccurate though there's still a chance

you may think I'm splitting hairs here

after all one in a million is as good as

true isn't it

well no a 2011 experiment conducted by

CERN reportedly found that a series of

nearly massless ghost particles called

neutrinos had traveled faster than the

speed of light this was of course

impossible as the finding violated

Einstein's principle of Relativity yet

the experiment passed with a Six Sigma

confidence meaning that it had a

staggering 1 and a half billion chance

of being false and yet it was for later

experiments all failed to replicate the

original results and the first

fluke science is very good at explaining

what is happening and how it happens but

not really why it's happening pass any

scientific Revelation through a series

of why questions and you'll always get

to a point where we just don't know take

gravity for instance when an apple falls

from a tree and hits Isaac Newton on his

head we know its gravity we can even

measure it as 9.8 m/ second

but when it comes to explaining why this

happens almost 350 years later we're

still clueless every other physical

force in the universe electromagnetism

strong and weak nuclear force has a

corresponding subatomic particle yet we

still don't know what the particle

responsible for gravity is physicists

have theorized the existence of

something called a graviton that similar

to the hix boson requires massive

amounts of energy to detect in fact it's

predicted that it would take a mass

spectrometer to the size of Jupiter oper

operating at 100% capacity to identify

one but why is a graviton so hard to

find why is it that physics behaves like

this and is it possible that it could

work differently the notion of alternate

physics is most commonly associated with

the Multiverse Theory the idea that

there isn't a single universe but an

infinite array of different

universes we don't know if this is true

of course but if it is then it's

possible that among these countless

variations there exists other types of physics

physics

maybe in another Universe gravity isn't

so difficult to measure maybe instead

electromagnetism is the Rogue Force

confounding their scientists but it

isn't just other universes that may

operate under alternative sets of

physical laws even our own universe may

be subject to alternate forms of physics

that we've yet to discover in 2022

researchers at Columbia University

programmed in AI to study video footage

of different physical phenomena and then

search for the minimal set of variables

that described its

observations the footage included things

like a pendulum a lava lamp and a

fireplace when the AI returned its

results the researchers found that they

could identify some of the variables

that the artificial intelligence had

defined but not others the belief is

that the AI was applying novel sets of

physical laws currently unknown to

humans unfortunately since the program

can't communicate what it's thinking the

exact variables remain a

mystery however it does raise an

interesting question if we were to meet

an alien species is it possible that

that they might use alternate laws of

physics Ted Chang's Nolla story of your

life the inspiration for the 2016 film

arrival explores this idea fair warning

there's spoilers ahead in the story

humans make first contact with aliens

after dozens of spaceships suddenly

appear in orbit but rather than wanting

to take over the planet it seems that

the Extraterrestrial visitors just want

to talk to get the conversation going

both humans and the aliens work together

to slowly decipher one another's

language as well as the respective

approaches to physics it quickly becomes

apparent that the scientific and

mathematical Concepts that are Advanced

to us like calculus are Elementary to

them surprisingly though the reverse is

also true the aliens deploy strange

seemingly convoluted methods to describe

basic principles like velocity while

both methods provide accurate results

each is highly specific to the species

that developed them eventually it's

explained that the aliens don't perceive

our universe as causal instead they

witness all events as happening

simultaneously this accounts for their

weird set of physics Chang's story of

your life raises interesting questions

surrounding Concepts like time

perception Free Will and subjectivity

forcing us readers to wonder if there's

such a thing as objective reality how do

we know that the reality we experience

Consciousness this problem has plagued

philosophers since Antiquity Plato in

particular is known for having proposed

the idea of the realm of forms a

non-physical immaterial plane from which

the physical world

manifests science actually functions on

a similar principle assuming that there

is an objective reality that exists

beyond our senses which can be observed and

and

measured despite our best efforts though

no one has ever confirm the existence of

an objective reality in fact given that

everything we know has to come first to

us through our senses and therefore our

own subjective perception it's

impossible to prove an objective reality

we'll just never know

in his book The spell of the sensuous

philosopher David Abram argues that the

very idea of an objective reality isn't

representative of the universe we live

in in actuality Abram says we exist in

the realm of inner subjectivity a term

he borrows from the German philosopher

Edmund hustel this form of reality

rather than being a separate and

isolated phenomenon is created by the

collective experience of all its

participant the universe doesn't exist

as an object of our subjective

perceptions instead it arises us out of

our very interaction with it if this

idea sounds a little out there consider

quantum mechanics where our mere

observations literally affect the state

of matter just by measuring a photon of

light or able to change it from a wave

to a particle so maybe there's no such

thing as objective reality maybe all

that exists is our Collective inner

subjective experience there's simply no

way of knowing plunging into the depths

of uncertainty is never Pleasant that's

why humans came up with reason and

Science in the first place

we want to feel as though we know things

it gives us a sense of control on an

otherwise chaotic unpredictable and

sometimes dangerous Universe for the

majority of my life I was agnostic about

most things if there wasn't what I

deemed to be rational scientific proof

to support an idea I just didn't believe

it but the more I learn the more I

realize how limited my own experience is

and just how much we as a species don't

know ordinary matter accounts for just

5% of the entire universe the rest of it

95 % of everything that exists is a

complete and total mystery we just don't

know it seems naive if not outright

arrogant to close myself off to new

ideas just because they don't fit within

my current understanding of how things

work tomorrow the Earth could shift Life

as we know it could completely change

and everything that science has taught

us could turn out to just be a

fluke but rather than meeting this

dilemma with fear or outright rejection

of scientific principles we should take

it as an opportunity to learn embracing

un certain as a means of Transforming Our

Our

perception to me this seems like the

only rational path

forward because as it turns out

everything we don't know is well

everything Tim Cook of Apple Sundar

pachai of Google Elon Musk Jeff Bezos

the president of the United States when

you think of the people controlling the

world these names come to mind but the

truth is while these people have a

significant influence infuence over our

Lives four companies secretly control

the world and only a handful of people

hold significant power in those

companies these are the people who have

the potential to change your life for

better or worse without you ever

realizing what's

happening I made a video talking about

how Black Rock controls the world and

unsurprisingly they are one of the four

companies we'll discuss today altogether

these four companies manage almost $24

trillion worth of assets they have the

most influence over the United States's

monetary policy and operate with very

little oversight which means they're

afraid to do almost anything they want

and their power doesn't end in the

United States these companies also own a

significant state in the vast majority

of European companies that are listed on

the US Stock Exchange now you might

think this is an exaggeration how can

four companies control so much wealth

but it is true and the information is

available once you just look for it from

the largest retail stores like Walmart

and Home Depot to Transportation

companies like GMC and Boeing pH cutical

companies like Mark fiser Johnson and

Johnson and media companies like Disney

Viacom News Corp NBC CBS Time Warner and

AT&T they influen the banking system as

they're involved in every decision made

at the largest financial institutions

like Bank of America JP Morgan Goldman

Sachs and City Group in the United

States the US Federal Reserve the

country Central Banking institution has

board members who represent these four

investment firms Global financial

institutions like the international

monetary fund and the World Bank are

influenced heavily by these companies so

who exactly are these four companies

before I answer the question when

researching this topic I was bombarded

with a lot of data the largest of the

four companies Black Rock was founded in

1988 by Larry Fink like the other three

firms black rock is a fiduciary which

means that a person has placed trust in

them to act in their best financial

interest Black Rock does this primarily

through mutual funds collection of

assets that invest in stocks bonds and

other Securities like like real estate

lrock currently has 70 offices in 30

countries around the globe and holds $10

trillion in assets the company is

currently worth 20 trillion which is

half of the US's yearly gross domestic

product or GDP this is the measure of

value created by a country by producing

goods and services the other three

companies are Vanguard State Street and

Fidelity Investments Vanguard manages

7.6 trillion in assets and is the

world's largest issuer of mutual funds

at the end of 2022 it had 203 us funds

and 227 international funds which served

its 50 million investors vard's founder

John Bogle created the index investment

Fund in 1976 now known as the Vanguard

500 Index Fund you might be wondering

the difference between an index and a

mutual fund an index fund is a type of

mutual fund that is passively managed as

opposed to other mutual funds which are

actively managed so when bogul invented

this Index Fund he created a formulat to

track Returns on the market and invest

accordingly St street is owned by

Vanguard now but is the second oldest

continually operating US Bank its

predecessor Union Bank was founded in

1792 State Street manages $3.9 trillion

in investment assets along with Vanguard

and black rock it is one of the

prominent three index fund managers that

dominate Corporate America Fidelity

Investments manages 4.3 trillion in

assets it was founded by Edward Johnson

the second in 1946 and has remained a

family-owned and operated business ever

since Fidelity was the first major

American Finance firm to market mutual

funds to everyone VIA mail and

door-to-door sales before they opened

their doors the mere idea of investing

had been reserved for wealthy

individuals hearing that alone you might

be wondering what exactly is wrong with

these companies they all sound like

industry Pioneers who have done

incredible to stay in business for so

long and while that is entirely right

story to figure out the other half let's

start with what these companies tell us

they do each of these firms helps

everyday people invest their money and

whether you're a multi-millionaire or an

hourly worker looking to create a small

investment fund for your family they've

helped democratize investing and often

investing with them can seem like a good

idea especially lately because in

today's world we're not just worried

about making money we're concerned about

making money and helping move Society

forward that's where ESG investing comes

in ESG which stands for environmental

social governance is a type of investing

that consider social and environmental

factors so basically what is the company

you're investing in doing about

environmental issues issues like climate

change all four of these firms

advertised their commitment to ESG as

you would expect some people have mocked

these Firm Stance on ESG calling it woke

investing in response companies like

Black Rock have responded by saying it's

not woke it's capitalism the way they

see it climate change poses a risk so

investing in companies that further the

effects of climate change is also a risk

on the flip side investing in companies

trying to mitigate that risk is good

business to give them all the credit

they've put their money their mouths are

in 2021 Vanguard Black Rock and State

Street successfully shook up the board

of Exxon Mobile by installing new

members who promised to take on climate

change and black rock let the state of

West Virginia a huge coal producer a lot

of the investment firm due to their

pledge to invest in Net Zero companies

but when you peel back the curtain it's

not as wholesome as these firms would

like to make it sound especially when it

comes to ESG investing every single one

of these companies is about as

hypocritical as they get Vanguard

specifically Praises its own ESG

investing while also owning 86 billion

in Coal companies making it the world's

largest investor in the industry black

rock is the top investor in fossil fuels

and deforestation war profiteering in

doing business with human rights

violators look no further than Black

Rock deal with the Chinese government

The Firm became the first company to

have access to China's vast mutual fund

Market followed by Fidelity this left

many Skeptics wondering what did they

promise president xiin ping with this

deal the these two companies will be

pouring more and more money into the

Chinese companies which are primarily

controlled by the Chinese government a

growing adversary of Western

democracies even more controversial are

the firm's investments in Russia all of

these companies had assets invested in

Russian companies and once the war broke

out in Ukraine they all responded at

least publicly by freezing those

Investments or pulling out of them allog

together whether or not those assets

will stay out of Russia longterm is

questionable regardless years and years

of investments from these four companies

IND doubtly helped fund Putin's invasion

of Ukraine no matter how you slice it

these companies are riddled with

conflicts of interest in Ukraine black

rock is one of the leaders trying to

advise the country on rebuilding once

the conflict is resolved this might seem

benevolent but not all that Glitters Is

Gold in reality black rock is simply

capitalizing on a war that their funds

helped finance so they can make more

money closer to home than the others the

Johnson family which founded and runs

Fidelity also runs a venture capital arm

that competes with fidelity these

Investments which means the family

benefits while Fidelity investors get a

crappy deal for example from 2011 to

2012 F Prime Capital family's Venture

Capital arm invested $1 million in ultr

genix pharmaceutical Incorporated before

it went public this investment prevented

Fidelity's mutual funds from making the

same Play Because if it did it would

have violated us Securities laws so the

family-owned fund got the better stock

value while the public funds which

invested in the company at a higher rate

kind of got got screwed essentially

these companies which have immense power

and control in our world tell us a

manicured PR statement about what

they're doing but in reality the story

[Music]

problematic none of their success would

have been possible without the various

proprietary Technologies they developed

to help their investing

strategies the prim example is black

Rock's Aladdin technology which began

the trend of using technology to

minimize the risk of investing it

manages 20 trillion in assets and

predicts the outcome of every single

investment while getting information and

personal data on everyone who knowingly

or unknowingly gave Black Rock their

money this technology and others like it

are perfect for investors theyve help to

lower the cost of managing the

investment while improving returns this

type of technology is what makes

companies like Black Rock and others

grow it gives them an edge it allows

them to apply their investing strategy

companywide it'll enable investors to

diversify their portfolios more

effectively Technologies like this

democratize investing allowing anyone of

any level of wealth to benefit from a

sound investment strategy this is why

over 80% of all assets invested over the

last decade have gone to these four

companies but at what cost and if these

companies continue to revolutionize

Advance their Technologies and control

more and more investor assets then what

R risk of ownership concentration if

Black Rock Vanguard Fidelity and State

Street continue increasing their

influence over the biggest companies

across every industry competition's just

going to to decrease they'll be

competing with themselves which isn't

competing at all this leads to less

consumer choice and higher prices and we

can see this already happening in the

airline industry over the last 14 years

airfares have increased by as much as 7%

because there's less pressure to compete

Black Rock and Vanguard are among the

five largest shareholders of the biggest

three operators but this isn't just

about the companies it's about the

people who run and own them the people

who make the decisions pull the levers

and hold so much power you can't imagine

starting with Larry thinkink the founder

chairman and CEO of Black Rock he

started out at a new york-based

Investment Bank where he rose to manage

the firm's Bond Department unfortunately

his career there ended when he lost his

Department 100 million after an

incorrect prediction about interest

rates this led him to focus his next

venture on investing in risk management

and black rock was born he founded the

firm in 1988 and grew it from 5 million

to 8 billion in just 5 years Abigail

Johnson CEO of Fidel Investments didn't

grow the company she leads from the

ground up she's the granddaughter of

Fidelity's founder Edward Johnson second

she started as an analyst and portfolio

manager at the company before being

promoted to the president of Fidelity's

Asset Management division in this

position in the early 2000s like in

episode of succession Johnson

unsuccessfully attempted to remove her

father as CEO over disagreements about

how to lead the company it wouldn't take

too long for her time to come though as

in 2014 she was named CEO State Street

CEO CEO Ronald Oley has tied to Fidelity

having previously served as the

president of asset management and

Corporate Services there before entering

his current role the world of Finance is

a lot smaller than you think in Vanguard

uniquely is owned by his clients s

instead by the funds they invest in his

president and CEO Mortimer J Buckley

started his career as an assistant to

the company's founder John bogul bogul

the guy who essentially invented the

index fund may not like the direction

his business is going in he's warant of

ownership con conentration saying that

too much money is in too few hands

undoubtedly Asset Management has made Mr

ble a very wealthy man but perhaps he

sees beyond that maybe he understands

the power he and others like him have

over every industry they invest in and

every investor who entrusts them he may

be issuing a warning to us all but it's

not one we're likely able to do anything

about because these four companies are

just too influential a Global Financial

system meant to empower individual

investors has empowered to select few instead

instead

so while we get distracted by

celebrities faces on the front of

magazines or flashing by in our social

media posts these company leaders are

behind the scenes pulling the levers and

secretly deciding the financial future

of our

world whether we like it or not the

worst of the all is Black Rock watch

this video next to understand why you

wake up to the sound of the alarm on

your iPhone and annoyed that you

couldn't get more sleep you grudgingly

unlock your phone to see what's going on

in the world and there's an email from

Amazon telling you that your package has

been delivered so you force yourself out

of bed to get the package and it's some

Johnson and Johnson medicine you ordered

the night before the wonders of

overnight shipping you think to yourself

you glance across the room to see the

clock it's 8:00 a.m. and you have to be

at work by 9:00 flustered you open your

Microsoft computer to answer some work

emails before getting dressed there's no

time to cook breakfast so you'll just

grab something at McDonald's on your way

to work what if I told you that every

single company you just interacted with

Within the first hour of your day is

heavily influenced in large part by one

company Black Rock now I'm sure you've

heard about Black Rock there are dozens

of videos here on YouTube that talk

about how it's the company that controls

the entire world but the reality is far

less glamorous here is why everything

you've heard about Black Rock is

wrong before we talk about that let's

talk about data every time we browse on

the internet companies collect an insane

amount of data from us information which

is then sold to data brokers who in turn

sell it to the highest bidder or just

lose that information in data breaches

according to a report from the identity

theft Resource Center there were 68%

more breaches in 2021 than in 2020 and

that number is only going up a few

months ago my friend got an email

telling him that his information was

released in a data breach from a company

that he had never heard of and right

after he started getting personalized

email ads from Shady companies this is

how scammers are able to figure out your

phone number name and even your address

the good news is that you can get these

data Brokers to delete the information

they have about you black rock is an

investment firm that controls a huge

number of shares in some of the largest

companies in the world they have a total

of $10 trillion in assets across the

globe that's an amount equal to half of

America's total GDP controlled just by

one company it's easy to dismiss such a

powerful company as allout evil but the

truth is Black Rock doesn't own these

companies or even own shares of these

companies their clients own the shares

Black Rock simply manages them that's

not to say that black rock doesn't have

any influence on these companies they

definitely do because they control such

an incredible amount of their stock it's

possible that companies want to keep in

Black Rock's good graces so they don't

pull their Investments now while Black

Rock might not be the evil company some

people make them out to be the truth is

there's still something very shady about

hypocrisy Black Rock was founded 34

years ago by Larry thinkink and he grew

the company from 5 million in value to 8

billion in just 5 years primarily by

managing money invested by large

institutions like pensions University

endowments and substantial fortunes

invested by The Uber Rich today fin

serves on the Council on Foreign

Relations and the world economic Forum

commanding the attention of business

tycoons and political leaders around the

globe and his company is on the cusp of

consolidating so much power that it

could essentially control the world

let's talk about the speed with which we

are watching this Market deteriorate the

worst day on Wall Street since the Crash

of 19 1987 the 2008 financial crash

turned out to be an incredible

opportunity for Black Rock It secured an

uncontested contract to control many of

the banks that had collapsed that gave

Larry thinkink who was already

incredibly wealthy even more power and a

direct line to the American government

the same thing happened in 2020 during

the early days of the pandemic when the

government called in Black Rock to

protect the Federal Reserve from

Financial Fallout periods of economic

uncertainties like these were key to

Black Rock's rise to power and as the

famous saying goes with great power

comes great responsibility and black

rock would like you to think that they

are being responsible in the summer of

2020 while the world was angry about the

murder of George Floyd Black Rock came

out with a statement saying that

companies had to serve a social purpose

and that they would be giving every

company an ESG or environmental social

and governance score companies that

promised more diversity in hiring and

Leadership or offered environmentally

friendly policies and Technology

received higher scores than companies

that didn't although this concept had

been around since 2004 black Rock became

the loudest proponent of ESG investing

in 2020 and in all honesty it worked

before this statement esgs were

mentioned in far fewer than 1% of

earnings calls but by May 2021 that

number Rose to around 20% and in a sense

remained the fastest growing segment in

the asset management industry people are

more concerned about the environmental

and social impact of companies and

that's a good thing right socially

responsible companies get the upper hand

in an Ideal World yes but we all know

that the world we live in is far from

ideal while there's been some positive

Improvement the main result of black

rocks ESG statement has been a massive

surge in companies participating in

practices like greenwashing pretending

they're more sustainable diverse or

responsible than they actually are it's

also exposed the hypocrisy of Black Rock

itself because while it claims to

Champion ESG investing the company

Remains the largest investor in fossil

fuels and War profiteering and maintains

a pretty friendly relationship with

human rights violators and it's not just

black rock the second largest investment

firm in the world Vanguard is guilty of

the same technique promoting ESG

investing on the one hand but on the

other unwilling to stop investing in oil

and gas companies or pull out a

companies with questionable human rights

practices we see this time and time

again from Black Rock they do something

that seems like they're moving in the

right direction in the eyes of the

public but behind the scenes they're

unwilling to tamper with their

Investments even if it's for the greater

good of society take climate change for

instance Black Rock says that climate

risk is investment risk meaning that

investing in companies that aren't

creating policies to help address

climate change

is a risky move in 2021 Black Rock

actually did do something about this by

helping shake up the board of Exon

Mobile and installing new members who

promised to take action on climate

change previously the oil and gas

Behemoth was responsible for 2% of the

world's emissions now there are new

self-imposed mandates to help reduce

that over time this is a great move by

the company no doubt but the fact that

it's still the world's single biggest

investor in fossil fuels makes this feel

more like virtue signaling than actually

trying to make meaningful change and

hypocrisy doesn't end there

as mass shootings continue to end lives

in the US Black Rock has spoken out

against gun violence and said that gun

manufacturers should do more to protect

lives of the American people but who's

the largest investor in gun

manufacturers you guess it Black Rock

the investment firm holds a 16% stake in

Sturm Ruger 15% in vist outdoor and

significant percentages of other

manufacturers just like them black rock

says it talks to these companies about

improving safety but so far it's unclear

whether or not there's actually been any

policy change

outside of America black Rock's us

Aerospace and defense fund has billions

of dollars invested in major weapons

contractors worldwide like locki Martin

rathon and General Dynamics they're

supporting these companies that then get

huge Pentagon contracts and use taxpayer

money to engage in violence and War

around the globe often these weapons are

supplied to foreign governments in the

name of Peace like Saudi Arabia which

received weapons from the US government

and use them to indiscriminately attack

civilians in Yemen during years of Civil

War funding this of war and an increase

in nuclear weapons shows that black rock

constantly skirts its own commitment to

Human Rights so does its engagement with

authoritarian governments black rock is

officially the first Global asset

manager to have access to China's mutual

fund leaving critics wondering what did

thinkink promise Chinese president xiin

ping to allow him to access the Chinese

Communist party's fund to be fair Black

Rock isn't the only Investment Company

out there looking to do business with

China but because of its widespread

power it's been the most successful in

gaining a foothold in the controversial

Terr Rory which is surprising especially

for a US company this power also made it

a major player in the war in Ukraine as

we saw in China despite its emphasis on

ESG investing Black Rock has a tendency

to overlook human rights in favor of

monetary gain it's been investing in

Russia's most prominent companies for

years the British pensions that black

rock controls alone have contributed

$630 billion to Russia after Russia's

annexation of Crimea in 2014 a precursor

to what would become the more now than a

year-long war in Ukraine Black Rock

reconsidered some of its investments in

Russia but just one year later it was

back to being among the top shareholders

in the country's biggest

corporations even when it became clear

that Russian President Vladimir Putin

was planning an invasion last year Black

Rock didn't budge and like most other

Western firms it did eventually pull

assets out of Russia once the war

started but think about all the money it

flooded into Russia over the years money

that the authoritarian government

controlled and used in its expansion

mission that led to this deadly War all

of this begs the question how did one

company gain this much Global power and

influence well it started with

technology black Rock's business is

built on ETFs or exchange traded funds

an ETF contains Diversified Investments

to reduce an Investor's risk rather than

buying stock in a single company you're

investing in a fund that buys stocks

Commodities and other Securities this

practice proved to be very lucrative for

Black Rock and its investors thanks to a

portfolio management software it created

in 1998 called Aladdin Aladdin predicts

the possible outcome of every investment

and collects information and personal

data on everyone who has ever knowingly

or unknowingly given Black Rock money

this allows the software to predict How

likely it is that a specific investment

will fail eventually this technology put

think and black rock on top making the

company The go-to Firm for ETF investing

which keeps getting more and more

popular Global ETF assets could explode

to 25 trillion by 2025 meaning trillions

more for Black Rock but we don't need to

wait until 2025 to see the effects of

the power Black Rock has right now Black

Rock oversees assets for 10% of the

entire world economy companies like Fox

Comcast and Disney have to consult with

black rock before they make major moves

since it has such a large share of their

ownership Black Rock and other large

firms like Vanguard are the biggest

investors in global giants like Google

Facebook and Amazon this level of

ownership creates an anti-competitive

environment you feel this in the prices

of airline tickets Black Rock and

Vanguard are among the five largest

shareholders of the three biggest

Airline op operators which means that

there's very little incentive to lower

prices in order to compete with each

other this level of ownership

consolidation reduces consumer choice

and raises prices and it also means that

eventually a handful of powerful people

at these investment firms could wield

more power than the executives at the

companies they own shares in even Jack

Bogle who founded Vanguard says that

this kind of ownership concentration is

bad too much money in the hands of too

few will not work out well for the

global economy there are solutions that

governments could put in place to stop

these companies from Gathering too much

influence things like not allowing funds

and ETFs to vote as shareholders and

companies or creating ownership caps

that would dictate how much of a company

can be owned by a single entity the laws

can be passed limiting how much

influence an investment firm can have in

the companies they're invested in even

if that influence is intended to be

benevolent like with the ESG but how

soon could any of this happen because

Black Rock and Vanguard are less than a

decade away from managing 20 trillion in

assets that would upend the asset

management industry and int ens ify the

already staggering ownership

consolidation of the world's largest

companies sending prices through the

roof one of the biggest problems with

the system of business is that the more

money Black Rock manages the lower its

fees for investors so we end up in this

cycle where the best way to invest our

money today creates a potentially

catastrophic environment for our money

and our society tomorrow unfortunately

most people don't have the luxury of

looking that far ahead what looks good

in the short term is all that matters

and that is how Black Rock thrives it

hopes you will over look at ocracy

around the environment diversity and

human rights because it puts out

statements about being a responsible

company as future hinges on its

investors not caring about these things

the problem is that many of its

investors don't even know their

investors they're simply part of a

pension fund or an endowment that black

rock manages there are smaller funds

that do support ESG investing without

conflicts of interest and there are

options like managing our own shares

that help us avoid the moral pitfalls of

large companies like Black Rock but much

like like how most of us couldn't live

without Amazon's next day delivery for

our last minute Essentials using these

large flawed companies is just easier

over the past decade the public has

become more and more critical of what

massive companies do and say as that

magnifying glass emerged Black Rock made

sure that it's messaging about making

the world a better place was heard and

publicized black Rock's hypocrisy won't

end it's Public Image versus private

actions will most likely always conflict

with one another but as consumers and

investors it's our responsibility to

know what's happening taking them at

their word is the easier option but

that's exactly what black rock is

betting you'll do that's how they've

gotten this far this is the same

ignorance that allowed Banks and

governments to drown Us in debt click

the video on your screen right now to

find out more lift off from a tropical

rainforest to the Edge of Time itself

James web begins a voyage back to the

birth of the Universe on December 25th

2021 NASA launched the successor to the

Hubble Space Telescope the James web

Space Telescope

Hubble has provided and continues to

provide us with some of the most magical

pictures of our universe but the jwst

has projected to be 100 times more

powerful than Hubble built over 30 years

the JWT is designed to capture more

light and detail than Hubble ever could

this will let astronomers gather more

information and allow them to dig deeper

into the history of the universe than

ever before about 6 months after its

launch the jwst delivered the most

detailed image of the universe ever

taken known as web's first Deep Field

the image isn't just star studded it's

Galaxy studded in this image you see

galaxies that Span in enormous distance

and maybe an even greater duration of

time the distances we're dealing with

here are so large that it would take

Millions maybe billions of years to

travel to them even at the speed of

light when we look at these images we're

looking into the past this pale Red Dot

for example is a Galaxy that appeared

13.1 billion years ago we know this

because that's how long it has taken the

light from it to reach us but for all of

its size do you know how much of the

night sky that everything in this entire

image would cover just about the width

of a grain of sand held at arms length

there were hundreds of billions of other

galaxies in the observable universe and

some scientists even put that number in

the trillions these galaxies in turn

have hundreds of billions of star

systems much like our own and these star

systems have planets orbiting around

them what are the chances that there

wouldn't be another planet with life in

some Far Away Galaxy what are the

chances that in this incredible vastness

of space we're all

alone you see no matter how difficult it

is for life to exist and no matter how

rare it is the universe is so big that

there should be Millions if not billions

of planets able to support life you can

Define whatever requirements you want

for Life temperature distance from a

star number of moons presence of water

number of asteroid impacts and so on

Purely by chance there should be many

planets with life on them and surely

some of that life would be intelligent

enough to reach out to us right it's not

like the laws of physics chemistry or

biology are exclusive to Earth they're

not but if there is life on other

planets if there's nothing special about

Earth where's everybody else where are

all the aliens enrio fery asked this

question in a lunchtime conversation

with his colleagues in 1950 fery was a

Nobel prizewinning physicist considering

the existence of space fairing

civilizations truth be told humans

haven't been around for that long and if

in our short existence on this planet

we've considered branching out to Mars

or some other world it's reasonable that

another civilization might have thought

the same thing if a civilization has

been around long enough and it's

sufficiently technologically advanced it

should try to Branch out to other

planets in search of resources at the

very least it should try to reach out to

them to communicate that hypothesis

though stands in contrast to reality

which has given us no evidence for life

other than our own on this planet the

great silence as it's called persists

today the mismatch between our intuition

that the Universe should be teaming with

life and its apparent emptiness is known

as the fmy

Paradox so where are the

aliens just this morning jet fighters

raced a loft over rright Patterson Air

Force Base at Dayton Ohio to intercept a

reported saucer returning Pilots swore

that it was a light that could not have

been a reflection and that it evaded

them at a very high rate of speed well

even though we've always been fascinated

with aliens we haven't officially been

looking for them for very long seti the

search for extraterrestrial intelligence

is the most famous organization actively

looking out for alien life in the

universe and it only forly began in the late

late

1950s some of its significant efforts

include sending radio signals to outer

space and listening for ones that may be

sent our way of course this only covers

intentional signals SEI is one of the

first organizations to intentionally

send radio waves but our technologies

have been emitting radio waves through

SpaceTime ever since they were invented

this includes everything from mobile

phones televisions FM AM radios and even

the earliest radio transmissions in the

late 1800s for all we know our alien

counterparts are laughing over Charlie

Chaplan movies right now but if you

think about it our radio signals may not

have even reached potential intelligent

life yet as we mentioned at the start of

the video the distances were dealing

with in space are pretty literally out

of this world even if we consider the

oldest Transmissions from over a 100

years ago when radio waves were first

sent out they would have only traveled a

tiny portion of space if today at this

very moment our earliest signals were to

reach our so-called Galactic neighbors

and they were so intelligent and capable

that they recognized our existence and

decided to reach out immediately it

would take another 100 years for the

reply to reach Earth barring a

breakthrough in physics that allows them

to break the speed of light before we

ever know if our earliest attempts to

reach out were

memories what if life exists not 100

light years away but 50 or even 20 light

years away well in that case aliens

would have had enough time to receive

and reply to our signals by now so why

haven't they one answer would be that

aliens simply don't exist which let's be

honest is rather boring so let's assume

they do exist The Logical question would

then why haven't they reached out to us

to answer this question we need to place

alien civilizations into three

advancement categories less advanced

than us equally Advanced or more

advanced if they're less advanced than

us it's likely that they simply don't

have the technology to reach out to us

it's also important to know what science

to look out for for 2 billion years

after life started to evolve it would be

unobservable if another civilization

were to look out for the same things

we're looking for right now then there's

the Poss possibility that they're

equally Advanced as we are and if that's

the case they might be paranoid about

contacting us because they're uncertain

about what they're dealing with and this

is in line with what stevenh Hawkings

said that reaching out to alien life

would be a big mistake because they

might com Fort our resources and our

planet they might carry pathogens we

can't fight off they might have Colonial

intentions the list goes on given how

we've treated other human beings because

of differences we created in our own

minds it's fair to say that it would be

a mistake to assume assume that an

extraterrestrial species would greet us

with kindness the third possibility is

that the aliens possess far superior

intelligence humans are no longer

attractive to them it might be a

difficult pill to swallow considering

how human Centric we are but hear me out

if the universe is teeming with life if

there's nothing special about us then

there's not much point in them reaching

out to us much less spending precious

resources visiting us Colonial

intentions would likely be less

important to a civilization that can for

example harvest the power of stars we'd

be like the ants of the universe to most

people ants might be interesting when

they for see them and they can be

intriguing but then interest subsides

and we walk past millions of ants every

day without paying any attention to them

sure some biologists might still be

interested but most of us simply ignore

them we could apply a similar line of

reasoning to a superior alien

civilization the exact reason a nearby

alien civilization might exist namely

the abundance of life is also why we

haven't felt their

presence on a more cynical note they

might not have visited us yet because

they prefer an ambush rather than a

hello the Dark Forest hypothesis states

that the universe is full of cunning

civilizations that would rather forego

the risk of contacting anyone else and

observe from the darkness whether to

reach out is up to them but as this

hypothesis suggests just because we

haven't been contacted doesn't imply

nobody is

listening of course this is a assuming

they haven't already visited

us on July 26th 2023 David grush a Former Intelligence officer testified

Former Intelligence officer testified under oath that non-human biologics were

under oath that non-human biologics were recovered by a highly secretive UFO

recovered by a highly secretive UFO recovery program run by the US

recovery program run by the US government now I know we've had many

government now I know we've had many so-called sightings of alien spacecraft

so-called sightings of alien spacecraft and a lot of grainy video footage to go

and a lot of grainy video footage to go along with it but this is the first time

along with it but this is the first time someone whose credentials have been

someone whose credentials have been verified has gone under oath and said

verified has gone under oath and said things that could easily land him in

things that could easily land him in jail if proven false skepticism is

jail if proven false skepticism is needed extraordinary claims require

needed extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence nevertheless even

extraordinary evidence nevertheless even if David's claims are real there's

if David's claims are real there's simply General lack of evidence if one

simply General lack of evidence if one alien spacecraft can reach Earth so can

alien spacecraft can reach Earth so can hundreds or thousands more if they

hundreds or thousands more if they visited us once there's no reason to

visited us once there's no reason to believe they won't do so again at a

believe they won't do so again at a civilization level a government coverup

civilization level a government coverup can only go so far especially when

can only go so far especially when there's a strong likelihood that a

there's a strong likelihood that a civilization reaching out to us would be

civilization reaching out to us would be far more advanced than us

far more advanced than us having said that though we come back to

having said that though we come back to our starting point where are the aliens

our starting point where are the aliens and if they're so common why haven't we

and if they're so common why haven't we been bombarded with

been bombarded with visits well one of the more widely

visits well one of the more widely accepted theories is that of the great

accepted theories is that of the great filter it's a hurdle in the evolution of

filter it's a hurdle in the evolution of a civilization that typically leads to

a civilization that typically leads to its Extinction it could be anything an

its Extinction it could be anything an asteroid impact a massive volcanic

asteroid impact a massive volcanic eruption an incurable virus runaway

eruption an incurable virus runaway artificial intelligence self-destruction

artificial intelligence self-destruction the list goes on the idea is that most

the list goes on the idea is that most civilizations that go through the great

civilizations that go through the great filter fail and are inevitably destroyed

filter fail and are inevitably destroyed if that's what's happened so far in the

if that's what's happened so far in the universe that would explain the great

universe that would explain the great silence our civilization alone may have

silence our civilization alone may have passed this Intergalactic test thus We

passed this Intergalactic test thus We Exist when others don't but that's only

Exist when others don't but that's only half the story you see the scenarios I

half the story you see the scenarios I spoke of only make sense if you assume

spoke of only make sense if you assume we've already passed the great filter

we've already passed the great filter what if we haven't what if the great

what if we haven't what if the great filter isn't behind us but waiting for

filter isn't behind us but waiting for us in the years ahead Maybe maybe we

us in the years ahead Maybe maybe we exist not because we've passed the great

exist not because we've passed the great filter but because we've yet to go

filter but because we've yet to go through it asteroid impacts have

through it asteroid impacts have happened in the past but could also hit

happened in the past but could also hit us in the future nuclear Annihilation is

us in the future nuclear Annihilation is only a button or two away we've seen

only a button or two away we've seen some devastating viruses take their toll

some devastating viruses take their toll and Runway intelligence well we're on

and Runway intelligence well we're on our way the great filter could be any of

our way the great filter could be any of these things or it could be none it

these things or it could be none it could be something else entirely

could be something else entirely something our human- centered Minds

something our human- centered Minds cannot even imagine part of the Intrigue

cannot even imagine part of the Intrigue with alien life involves ing one

with alien life involves ing one question and it's how special Are we

question and it's how special Are we almost everything about the fmy Paradox

almost everything about the fmy Paradox is a projection of that the things we

is a projection of that the things we look for how we look for them how we

look for how we look for them how we expect them to behave it's a

expect them to behave it's a self-centered egotistical Pursuit that

self-centered egotistical Pursuit that is ironically very

is ironically very human but this human- centered curiosity

human but this human- centered curiosity might end up costing our civilization

might end up costing our civilization dearly as Steven Hawkings said maybe

dearly as Steven Hawkings said maybe seeking out extraterrestrial life is a

seeking out extraterrestrial life is a terrible idea for all we know the great

terrible idea for all we know the great filter is just that

filter is just that our

our curiosity maybe it's the courage to ask

curiosity maybe it's the courage to ask where are all the aliens maybe we

where are all the aliens maybe we shouldn't know we could be dealing with

shouldn't know we could be dealing with something genuinely otherworldly in the

something genuinely otherworldly in the vast unknown of

vast unknown of space who dares

space who dares wins not this Galactic race we don't

wins not this Galactic race we don't maybe the great filter is not a

maybe the great filter is not a catastrophe that will happen to us maybe

catastrophe that will happen to us maybe it's one we

it's one we seek hopefully the James web Space

seek hopefully the James web Space Telescope has some answers or at least

Telescope has some answers or at least newer questions for us

newer questions for us watch the video on your screen to

watch the video on your screen to understand why the JWT is so

understand why the JWT is so [Music]

[Music] important as the nukes dropped on every

important as the nukes dropped on every major city around the globe everyone saw

major city around the globe everyone saw shelter but there was nowhere to hide in

shelter but there was nowhere to hide in an instant civilization as we knew it

an instant civilization as we knew it was destroyed every server library and

was destroyed every server library and entity that stored information about who

entity that stored information about who we are what we did and how we lived was

we are what we did and how we lived was gone only a handful of children

gone only a handful of children worldwide survived D all kept in the

worldwide survived D all kept in the deepest bunkers we could find no adults

deepest bunkers we could find no adults could make it everything about Humanity

could make it everything about Humanity before the blast would be lost entirely

before the blast would be lost entirely in around five generations sure there

in around five generations sure there are Tales Mysteries and legends but no

are Tales Mysteries and legends but no historical record of life before the

historical record of life before the final world war there's no way our

final world war there's no way our descendants thousands of years from now

descendants thousands of years from now can know who we were the story might

can know who we were the story might sound a little far-fetched but the

sound a little far-fetched but the reality is for all we know this could

reality is for all we know this could have happened already maybe except for

have happened already maybe except for the nuclear part because no evidence

the nuclear part because no evidence suggest that man-made nuclear weapons

suggest that man-made nuclear weapons existed before Oppenheimer but the rest

existed before Oppenheimer but the rest of it could be true because there's so

of it could be true because there's so much we don't know about the history of

much we don't know about the history of our world and

our world and humans at one point we knew more until

humans at one point we knew more until the

the [Music]

[Music] fire in 48 BC the Library of Alexandria

fire in 48 BC the Library of Alexandria located in Alexandria in what is now

located in Alexandria in what is now Egypt burned down historians estimate

Egypt burned down historians estimate that at one point the library held over

that at one point the library held over half a million documents from a Syria

half a million documents from a Syria group gree Persia Egypt India and other

group gree Persia Egypt India and other nations sadly as the page is turned into

nations sadly as the page is turned into ashes the most significant assembly of

ashes the most significant assembly of information about the ancient world

information about the ancient world disappeared there are a lot of theories

disappeared there are a lot of theories about who started the fire Julia Caesar

about who started the fire Julia Caesar is one of the most routinely accused

is one of the most routinely accused people he was driving his soldiers into

people he was driving his soldiers into Egypt when an Egyptian Fleet in

Egypt when an Egyptian Fleet in Alexandria cut him off Legend has it

Alexandria cut him off Legend has it that Caesar ships were outnumbered so

that Caesar ships were outnumbered so they set all the ships in the harbor to

they set all the ships in the harbor to fire this fire then spread and destroyed

fire this fire then spread and destroyed parts of the city including the Library

parts of the city including the Library another theory blames the fire on one of

another theory blames the fire on one of the Muslim conquerors of Egypt cifar The

the Muslim conquerors of Egypt cifar The Story Goes that the Scrolls were burned

Story Goes that the Scrolls were burned for fuel for thousands of hot baths in

for fuel for thousands of hot baths in the city but there's some skepticism

the city but there's some skepticism about why a Muslim would burn Jewish and

about why a Muslim would burn Jewish and Christian texts since they're also hold

Christian texts since they're also hold the holy text in Islam most likely it

the holy text in Islam most likely it wasn't a dramatic fire that started in

wasn't a dramatic fire that started in the harbor or an attempt to make fuel

the harbor or an attempt to make fuel but a series of events that happened

but a series of events that happened over time to destroy the library

over time to destroy the library culminating in a fire but who burned it

culminating in a fire but who burned it isn't the the real question we have what

isn't the the real question we have what knowledge was in there that we missed

knowledge was in there that we missed out on is a better question what

out on is a better question what insights did historians and philosophers

insights did historians and philosophers have about Humanity that we'll never

have about Humanity that we'll never know these are the more essential

know these are the more essential questions questions that we might never

questions questions that we might never truly know the answer to beyond the

truly know the answer to beyond the Library of Alexandria what about all the

Library of Alexandria what about all the information never written down in the

information never written down in the first place the reality is that most of

first place the reality is that most of human history has been lost at time and

human history has been lost at time and as a result so many people have come up

as a result so many people have come up with their own conclusions about what we

with their own conclusions about what we were but before discussing those there

were but before discussing those there are things we need to know about our

are things we need to know about our past prehistoric humans might not have

past prehistoric humans might not have had tools like we do today but what they

had tools like we do today but what they had in abundance was a really good

had in abundance was a really good understanding of math and Engineering

understanding of math and Engineering that's why structures like the Great

that's why structures like the Great Pyramid in the Library of Alexandria

Pyramid in the Library of Alexandria could exist in the first place humans

could exist in the first place humans first appeared about 300,000 years ago

first appeared about 300,000 years ago while Earth was in the middle of the

while Earth was in the middle of the last ice age it was a harsh environment

last ice age it was a harsh environment to come into existence in as a result

to come into existence in as a result human populations were tiny and grew

human populations were tiny and grew slowly the Stone Age our most ancient

slowly the Stone Age our most ancient time lasted until about 3,000 BC this

time lasted until about 3,000 BC this era was marked by the use of tools and

era was marked by the use of tools and most importantly saw a transformation of

most importantly saw a transformation of our culture from hunting and Gathering

our culture from hunting and Gathering to farming and food production humans in

to farming and food production humans in the Stone Age lived in caves or very

the Stone Age lived in caves or very simple huts and tepes they learned to

simple huts and tepes they learned to control fire to keep their homes worm

control fire to keep their homes worm scare away predators and cook their prey

scare away predators and cook their prey like woolly mammoths deer and bison

like woolly mammoths deer and bison these early humans were also the first

these early humans were also the first to leave behind art in the form of

to leave behind art in the form of etched people animals and signs on the

etched people animals and signs on the wall of caves or carved into items with

wall of caves or carved into items with time their tools evolved from rough dull

time their tools evolved from rough dull shapes to polish pointed items that

shapes to polish pointed items that served as Spears and arrows and

served as Spears and arrows and eventually they started settling more

eventually they started settling more prominently in villages and began

prominently in villages and began farming we know this from the appearance

farming we know this from the appearance of polished hand axes and other tools

of polished hand axes and other tools used to till Farmland as they settled

used to till Farmland as they settled advancements were made in home

advancements were made in home construction poetry sewing and weaving

construction poetry sewing and weaving as human civilization expanded something

as human civilization expanded something interesting also happened human activity

interesting also happened human activity reached a Tipping Point where hunting

reached a Tipping Point where hunting and farming began to impact the natural

and farming began to impact the natural world the proportion of plants to

world the proportion of plants to animals was relatively stable until

animals was relatively stable until about 4,000 BC since then humans have

about 4,000 BC since then humans have been affecting our environment at an

been affecting our environment at an increasing Pace in 3,300 BC came the

increasing Pace in 3,300 BC came the Bronze Age which lasted until about 1300

Bronze Age which lasted until about 1300 BC this is where tools really took off

BC this is where tools really took off metal was introduced which not only led

metal was introduced which not only led to the production of better tools but

to the production of better tools but also better weapons and with better

also better weapons and with better weapons came many different things to

weapons came many different things to fight about organized government law and

fight about organized government law and religion in this time humans also

religion in this time humans also started using Advanced TOS like a

started using Advanced TOS like a potter's wheel and began creating

potter's wheel and began creating textiles and instead of just wearing

textiles and instead of just wearing animal skins to keep themselves warm and

animal skins to keep themselves warm and perhaps most famously this was the

perhaps most famously this was the beginning of written history Egyptian

beginning of written history Egyptian hieroglyphs the first known recordings

hieroglyphs the first known recordings appeared then we entered the Iron Age

appeared then we entered the Iron Age from 1300 BC to 900 BC humankind had a

from 1300 BC to 900 BC humankind had a lot going on we saw the introduction of

lot going on we saw the introduction of heating and forging iron which led to

heating and forging iron which led to the mass production of tools and weapons

the mass production of tools and weapons four room homes some with stables for

four room homes some with stables for domesticated animals showed up there's

domesticated animals showed up there's also evidence of early sitting planning

also evidence of early sitting planning with blocks of house es and Water

with blocks of house es and Water Systems running between them agriculture

Systems running between them agriculture art and religion all became more

art and religion all became more sophisticated and finally we developed

sophisticated and finally we developed writing systems and written

writing systems and written documentation at the end of the Iron Age

documentation at the end of the Iron Age we moved into the early historical

we moved into the early historical period where the documentation of human

period where the documentation of human history pretty much became more

history pretty much became more widespread this is basically everything

widespread this is basically everything we are sure of about the ancient world

we are sure of about the ancient world much of which we learned through fossils

much of which we learned through fossils but fossils can only tell us so much how

but fossils can only tell us so much how did these people live what were their

did these people live what were their daily routines like what were their

daily routines like what were their favorite foods Small Talk Big Dreams we

favorite foods Small Talk Big Dreams we sadly don't know and so many people have

sadly don't know and so many people have made theories what might humans have

made theories what might humans have been like before recorded history

started much like the Greeks made up myths of powerful Gods to explain their

myths of powerful Gods to explain their daily lives and emotions people have

daily lives and emotions people have been developing theories about the

been developing theories about the history of humankind forever theories

history of humankind forever theories like the original Eve a human who

like the original Eve a human who birthed literally or figuratively the

birthed literally or figuratively the rest of humankind it could be possible

rest of humankind it could be possible because in the 1980s DNA sequencing

because in the 1980s DNA sequencing demonstrated that this eve might have

demonstrated that this eve might have existed as recently as 120,000 years ago

existed as recently as 120,000 years ago then skulls found in East Africa

then skulls found in East Africa provided suggestions about what she

provided suggestions about what she might have looked like and where she

might have looked like and where she might have lived people became obsessed

might have lived people became obsessed with the idea of this real life Eve no

with the idea of this real life Eve no longer just a figure from The Bible but

longer just a figure from The Bible but a woman who was the ancestor to us all

a woman who was the ancestor to us all this idea made its way into pop culture

this idea made its way into pop culture grasping people worldwide and what about

grasping people worldwide and what about the possibility that our distant

the possibility that our distant ancestors were much more advanced than

ancestors were much more advanced than we give them credit for it's always been

we give them credit for it's always been assumed that humans in the upper

assumed that humans in the upper Paleolithic period from 50,000 to 15,000

Paleolithic period from 50,000 to 15,000 BC were bands of foragers never

BC were bands of foragers never establishing any sort of tradition or

establishing any sort of tradition or organization within their groups but

organization within their groups but recently evidence of princely burials

recently evidence of princely burials and Grand buildings have appeared

and Grand buildings have appeared burials were found across Western

burials were found across Western Eurasia they weren't full cemeteries but

Eurasia they weren't full cemeteries but isolated Graves of individuals or small

isolated Graves of individuals or small groups bodies placed in specific

groups bodies placed in specific postures and sometimes decorated with

postures and sometimes decorated with ornaments the idea that a band of

ornaments the idea that a band of foragers would bury some but not all of

foragers would bury some but not all of their dead in this ceremonial way had

their dead in this ceremonial way had never been considered

never been considered similarly stone temples diing back to

similarly stone temples diing back to this time were discovered in Turkey some

this time were discovered in Turkey some over 5 m high and weighing about 8 tons

over 5 m high and weighing about 8 tons the temples had raised pillars and were

the temples had raised pillars and were linked by stone walls and each post

linked by stone walls and each post contained a unique sculpture carved with

contained a unique sculpture carved with images of the world ancient humans were

images of the world ancient humans were living in such structures imply the

living in such structures imply the coordinated activity of humans it takes

coordinated activity of humans it takes a lot of communication and teamwork to

a lot of communication and teamwork to build something so significant we always

build something so significant we always assumed little happened in the

assumed little happened in the Paleolithic Era but perhaps there was

Paleolithic Era but perhaps there was more of a society than we thought maybe

more of a society than we thought maybe ancient humans in this time weren't

ancient humans in this time weren't moving about in small groups never

moving about in small groups never settling into tradition or Community

settling into tradition or Community perhaps they had leaders and dynasties

perhaps they had leaders and dynasties the evidence is murky but who's to say

the evidence is murky but who's to say one way or the other theories about our

one way or the other theories about our ancient ancestors are constantly

ancient ancestors are constantly changing for instance in the late 19th

changing for instance in the late 19th and early 20th centuries people in

and early 20th centuries people in Europe and North America thought that

Europe and North America thought that primitive humans weren't capable of full

primitive humans weren't capable of full Consciousness like they were still

Consciousness like they were still Savage in some way now no scholar would

Savage in some way now no scholar would claim that yet some experts still

claim that yet some experts still dismiss distant humans in imagination or

dismiss distant humans in imagination or skepticism of their world others have

skepticism of their world others have always taken seriously the idea that

always taken seriously the idea that humans were our intellectual equals why

humans were our intellectual equals why wouldn't they have some sort of

wouldn't they have some sort of political system or burial ceremony it's

political system or burial ceremony it's almost impossible to know and the

almost impossible to know and the questions don't stop with our human

questions don't stop with our human history what about the history of our

history what about the history of our planet what came before us that was

planet what came before us that was never recorded could there have been a

never recorded could there have been a civilization before humans created the

civilization before humans created the one we live in today to have

one we live in today to have civilization you need a food surplus

civilization you need a food surplus which frees up most people to specialize

which frees up most people to specialize in doing things other than producing

in doing things other than producing food you need farming and you also need

food you need farming and you also need to require specific minimum population

to require specific minimum population density or you wouldn't have enough

density or you wouldn't have enough individuals to run this theoretical

individuals to run this theoretical civilization is there any way we could

civilization is there any way we could know if something like this

existed fossils could easily miss an industrial civilization that lasted only

industrial civilization that lasted only 100,000 years which for the record is

100,000 years which for the record is 500 times longer than our current

500 times longer than our current industrial civilization has been around

industrial civilization has been around since any ancient civilization would

since any ancient civilization would have needed energy and the capacity to

have needed energy and the capacity to exploit fossil fuels and other power

exploit fossil fuels and other power sources as we do scientists can

sources as we do scientists can theoretically look for worldwide effects

theoretically look for worldwide effects that leave traces of this perhaps there

that leave traces of this perhaps there would also be naturally occurring

would also be naturally occurring evidence like remnants of certain fossil

evidence like remnants of certain fossil fuels there could also be non-natural

fuels there could also be non-natural evidence like a product that compares to

evidence like a product that compares to our plastic use and you might think that

our plastic use and you might think that we haven't found any signs of this but

we haven't found any signs of this but you would be wrong in that there's been

you would be wrong in that there's been the discovery of a thermal maximum event

the discovery of a thermal maximum event that occurred about 55.5 million years

that occurred about 55.5 million years ago and lasted for about 100,000 years

ago and lasted for about 100,000 years we found chemical signals and traces of

we found chemical signals and traces of a warming that looks similar to the

a warming that looks similar to the chemical signals and traces of our

chemical signals and traces of our current world it led to a global

current world it led to a global temperature rise of 9 to 14° F could

temperature rise of 9 to 14° F could this be evidence of a pre- i age

this be evidence of a pre- i age industrial society according to

industrial society according to scientists who explored the issue

scientists who explored the issue probably not but it is important to ask

probably not but it is important to ask because we'll never discover anything if

because we'll never discover anything if we don't ask what did ancient languages

we don't ask what did ancient languages sound like as they rolled off people's

sound like as they rolled off people's tongues what did they do when they

tongues what did they do when they encountered others who spoke differently

encountered others who spoke differently than them were they afraid or did they

than them were they afraid or did they have a way to translate what emotions

have a way to translate what emotions did people have when someone died was it

did people have when someone died was it the same grief that we have experienced

the same grief that we have experienced what about relationships did mothers

what about relationships did mothers fight with their teenage daughters did

fight with their teenage daughters did people long for a sense of romantic love

people long for a sense of romantic love there's only so much we can gather from

there's only so much we can gather from skeletal R remains and fossils we'll

skeletal R remains and fossils we'll never know what these societies were

never know what these societies were like because Society is so much more

like because Society is so much more than the remnants it leaves behind after

than the remnants it leaves behind after it falls and that's why an event like

it falls and that's why an event like the burning of the Library of Alexandria

the burning of the Library of Alexandria is so poignant it's a cautionary tale of

is so poignant it's a cautionary tale of the danger of the deep prioritization of

the danger of the deep prioritization of Institutions that preserve and share

Institutions that preserve and share knowledge the term Alexandria has become

knowledge the term Alexandria has become shorthand for ignorance winning out from

shorthand for ignorance winning out from the French Revolution to the late 20th

the French Revolution to the late 20th century Alexandria is a common term to

century Alexandria is a common term to describe the destruction of libraries

describe the destruction of libraries and archives that are abandoned and

and archives that are abandoned and forgotten so yes books were burned in

forgotten so yes books were burned in Alexandria but perhaps the actual crime

Alexandria but perhaps the actual crime was people not caring enough about their

was people not caring enough about their preservation in the first place attacks

preservation in the first place attacks on knowledge can come from violence like

on knowledge can come from violence like in the Holocaust or China's cultural

in the Holocaust or China's cultural revolution but it can also come from the

revolution but it can also come from the apathy towards institutions like we're

apathy towards institutions like we're witnessing today in Iraq and Mali

witnessing today in Iraq and Mali Islamic extremists have targeted

Islamic extremists have targeted libraries in the United Kingdom more

libraries in the United Kingdom more than 800 public libraries have closed

than 800 public libraries have closed over the past decade due to a lack of

over the past decade due to a lack of resources from the government now tech

resources from the government now tech companies are taking control of our

companies are taking control of our archives as we move deeper into the

archives as we move deeper into the digital era but there's little

digital era but there's little regulation around what these powerful

regulation around what these powerful companies can do with our knowledge and

companies can do with our knowledge and history in the end it's going to be our

history in the end it's going to be our experiences that tell the story of our

experiences that tell the story of our world do we we want to leave it in the

world do we we want to leave it in the hands of a few to decide what stories

hands of a few to decide what stories get kept and which get burned I expand

get kept and which get burned I expand on this idea in this video big Tech is

on this idea in this video big Tech is destroying ownership click on your

destroying ownership click on your screen to watch that

screen to watch that next have you ever paused to think about

next have you ever paused to think about how one of the most famous sentences of

how one of the most famous sentences of all time doesn't make grammatical sense

all time doesn't make grammatical sense well because we all apparently heard it

well because we all apparently heard it wrong and continue to say it wrong

wrong and continue to say it wrong according to the man himself Neil

according to the man himself Neil Armstrong what he did say that day when

Armstrong what he did say that day when he stepped foot on the moon was one

he stepped foot on the moon was one small step for a and one giant leap for

small step for a and one giant leap for mankind which makes much more sense

mankind which makes much more sense there going to be a lot of things that

there going to be a lot of things that sound strange at first but as we've all

sound strange at first but as we've all come to find out sometimes reality can

come to find out sometimes reality can be Stranger Than Fiction like how the

be Stranger Than Fiction like how the sounds of the T-Rexes speaking in

sounds of the T-Rexes speaking in Jurassic Park are actually just

Jurassic Park are actually just tortoises having

tortoises having sex and how the eagle only sounds like

sex and how the eagle only sounds like this because of Hollywood magic when in

this because of Hollywood magic when in reality it sounds more like this here

reality it sounds more like this here are true facts that sound completely

are true facts that sound completely made up it's pretty common knowledge at

made up it's pretty common knowledge at this point that humans can live with

this point that humans can live with just one kidney but did you also know

just one kidney but did you also know that you can live without a spleen an

that you can live without a spleen an appendix a gallbladder tonsils six of

appendix a gallbladder tonsils six of your ribs and one lung in fact many

your ribs and one lung in fact many people do and they lead pretty normal

people do and they lead pretty normal lives the only thing you can't do with

lives the only thing you can't do with just one lung is participate in

just one lung is participate in strenuous exercises or run long

strenuous exercises or run long distances but with just one lung you

distances but with just one lung you could run from the United States to

could run from the United States to Russia since the shortest distance

Russia since the shortest distance between the two countries is just 2.4

between the two countries is just 2.4 mil how comforting

mil how comforting this distance is measured from Russia's

this distance is measured from Russia's Big diam Island to America's Little diam

Big diam Island to America's Little diam Island why is America's Island smaller

Island why is America's Island smaller we might never know but you know what is

we might never know but you know what is really big thick and long a draft's neck

really big thick and long a draft's neck considering how massive these things are

considering how massive these things are it's incredible to think that they have

it's incredible to think that they have the same number of bones as a human neck

the same number of bones as a human neck they're just way bigger and it's not

they're just way bigger and it's not just them and us all mammals have the

just them and us all mammals have the same number of bones in their neck when

same number of bones in their neck when we were younger we were taught that

we were younger we were taught that there are 7 days in a week 4 weeks in a

there are 7 days in a week 4 weeks in a month and 52 weeks in a year but the

month and 52 weeks in a year but the truth is that's wrong well technically

truth is that's wrong well technically it's correct but it only works here on

it's correct but it only works here on Earth on other planets it's completely

Earth on other planets it's completely different on Venus for example a day is

different on Venus for example a day is longer than an entire year it's probably

longer than an entire year it's probably helpful to mention that a day on a

helpful to mention that a day on a particular planet is defined as the time

particular planet is defined as the time it takes that planet to spin around once

it takes that planet to spin around once on its axis and a year is the time it

on its axis and a year is the time it takes for the planet to Albert around

takes for the planet to Albert around the star in this case the Sun Pluto

the star in this case the Sun Pluto sadly wasn't able to complete a full

sadly wasn't able to complete a full orbit around the sun in the 76 years

orbit around the sun in the 76 years years from when it was discovered in

years from when it was discovered in 1930 to when it was Declassified as a

1930 to when it was Declassified as a planet in

planet in 2006 a small planet with a really long

2006 a small planet with a really long orbit but you know what is really really

orbit but you know what is really really really

really long it's the name of a hill in New

Zealand you're welcome here's a true fact that sounds completely made up as

fact that sounds completely made up as of December 2022 more than half the

of December 2022 more than half the people who earned six figures in the US

people who earned six figures in the US reported living paycheck to paycheck

reported living paycheck to paycheck we've all faced rejections and insults

we've all faced rejections and insults don't let them get to you they're just

don't let them get to you they're just lessons that we all had to learn one way

lessons that we all had to learn one way or another the founder of lamorghini for

or another the founder of lamorghini for example had to be rejected by Ferrari

example had to be rejected by Ferrari before he got the desire to create

before he got the desire to create Lamborghini Steve Jobs had to be kicked

Lamborghini Steve Jobs had to be kicked out of his own company before he could

out of his own company before he could bring it back to life Microsoft had to

bring it back to life Microsoft had to stop producing newer versions of the

stop producing newer versions of the Internet Explorer to well realize that

Internet Explorer to well realize that they shouldn't have ever made it in the

they shouldn't have ever made it in the first place but you get the point time

first place but you get the point time is an illusion and if you don't study

is an illusion and if you don't study history it can be quite jarring to learn

history it can be quite jarring to learn that sometimes things aren't as timely

that sometimes things aren't as timely as we think did you know that we sent a

as we think did you know that we sent a man to the Moon before we put wheels on

man to the Moon before we put wheels on suitcases just imagine how stressful it

suitcases just imagine how stressful it must have been for Neil to carry all

must have been for Neil to carry all that luggage to win from space the

that luggage to win from space the invention of the iPhone in 2007 is

invention of the iPhone in 2007 is closer to the existence of Cleopatra

closer to the existence of Cleopatra than Cleopatra was to the building of

than Cleopatra was to the building of the Pyramids of Giza and although Oxford

the Pyramids of Giza and although Oxford University is older than the Aztec

University is older than the Aztec empire

empire it isn't the first University to ever

it isn't the first University to ever exist India's nenda University was an

exist India's nenda University was an operation for hundreds of years before

operation for hundreds of years before Oxford we made lighters before we made

Oxford we made lighters before we made matches sharks existed before grass heck

matches sharks existed before grass heck sharks were in existence before the

sharks were in existence before the rings of Saturn it really makes you

rings of Saturn it really makes you appreciate the beauty of human

appreciate the beauty of human civilization we've only been here for a

civilization we've only been here for a short time but we've been able to

short time but we've been able to achieve so much we're so special aren't

achieve so much we're so special aren't we that's what I told Rebecca before she

we that's what I told Rebecca before she broke up with me but now I know I was

broke up with me but now I know I was wrong because she wasn't special she was

wrong because she wasn't special she was bananas I don't mean that as an insult

bananas I don't mean that as an insult because we're all bananas at least 50%

because we're all bananas at least 50% of each of us because humans share 50%

of each of us because humans share 50% of our DNA with bananas and with fruit

of our DNA with bananas and with fruit flies as it turns out our profound

flies as it turns out our profound exclusivity is neither profound nor

exclusivity is neither profound nor exclusive what is exclusive however is a

exclusive what is exclusive however is a randomly shuffled deck of cards it may

randomly shuffled deck of cards it may seem rather mundane but the sequence of

seem rather mundane but the sequence of a randomly shuffled deck of cards has

a randomly shuffled deck of cards has never been seen before and will never be

never been seen before and will never be seen again

seen again a standard deck of cards has 52 cards

a standard deck of cards has 52 cards which means there are 52 factorial

which means there are 52 factorial different ways the cards can be arranged

different ways the cards can be arranged when shuffled randomly that number 52

when shuffled randomly that number 52 factorial is 8 with 67 zeros after it to

factorial is 8 with 67 zeros after it to put this in perspective the universe has

put this in perspective the universe has existed for over 13 billion years but

existed for over 13 billion years but let's round it up to 15 billion let's

let's round it up to 15 billion let's also assume there are around 2 trillion

also assume there are around 2 trillion galaxies each containing approximately

galaxies each containing approximately 100 trillion star systems each if each

100 trillion star systems each if each star system had 10 planets in in each

star system had 10 planets in in each planet hosted 10 billion life forms

planet hosted 10 billion life forms every one of those life forms could

every one of those life forms could shuffle a deck of cards every second

shuffle a deck of cards every second since the beginning of time and they

since the beginning of time and they still wouldn't produce a repeated

still wouldn't produce a repeated sequence that is simply insane speaking

sequence that is simply insane speaking of Arrangements some countries aren't

of Arrangements some countries aren't arranged the way we think they ought to

arranged the way we think they ought to be Finland and North Korea are separated

be Finland and North Korea are separated by just one country New York is closer

by just one country New York is closer to the Equator than it is to Rome and

to the Equator than it is to Rome and Bangladesh went to war in one against

Bangladesh went to war in one against Pakistan two countries that are

Pakistan two countries that are separated by India the seventh largest

separated by India the seventh largest country in the world and get this all

country in the world and get this all three countries were once considered the

three countries were once considered the same country talk about ciling rivalry

same country talk about ciling rivalry the logistics for that war must have

the logistics for that war must have cost several buttloads which is a

cost several buttloads which is a legitimate unit of measurement equal to

legitimate unit of measurement equal to 126

126 gallons remember when you were young and

gallons remember when you were young and your mom told you not to swallow apple

your mom told you not to swallow apple seeds or a tree would grow in your belly

seeds or a tree would grow in your belly well it turns out she was wrong trees

well it turns out she was wrong trees can't grow in people but she was right

can't grow in people but she was right in telling you not to swallow apple

in telling you not to swallow apple seeds eating apple seeds can lead to

seeds eating apple seeds can lead to cyanide poisoning don't worry too much

cyanide poisoning don't worry too much though you need the seeds from at least

though you need the seeds from at least 150 apples for that speaking of apples

150 apples for that speaking of apples Steve Jobs chose the name of his company

Steve Jobs chose the name of his company to get back at his former employer Atari

to get back at his former employer Atari because phone books a book that had a

because phone books a book that had a list of names addresses and phone

list of names addresses and phone numbers of the businesses in the area

numbers of the businesses in the area were written in alphabetical order Apple

were written in alphabetical order Apple would come before Atari so whenever

would come before Atari so whenever people search for a computer business in

people search for a computer business in the phone book they would find Steve's

the phone book they would find Steve's company first suffice it to say that

company first suffice it to say that they no longer need that slight

they no longer need that slight competitive

competitive Advantage fresh clean water can do

Advantage fresh clean water can do wonders but how fresh is the water we

wonders but how fresh is the water we drink did you know the probability that

drink did you know the probability that at least one of the molecules of the

at least one of the molecules of the water you drink today pass through a

water you drink today pass through a dinosaur is

dinosaur is 100% we somehow keep coming back to

100% we somehow keep coming back to dinosaurs maybe it's a sign that Rebecca

dinosaurs maybe it's a sign that Rebecca and I should be tyano work things

and I should be tyano work things out because at the end of the day

out because at the end of the day mistakes happen like the time

mistakes happen like the time Switzerland accidentally invaded another

Switzerland accidentally invaded another country in 2007 around 171 of

country in 2007 around 171 of Switzerland's troops accidentally went

Switzerland's troops accidentally went into lonstein the Swiss government

into lonstein the Swiss government formally apologized but the governor of

formally apologized but the governor of lickstein wasn't worried and excused the

lickstein wasn't worried and excused the situation it's happened before he

situation it's happened before he said uh lonstein is really nice as you

said uh lonstein is really nice as you can see so nice in fact that in the

can see so nice in fact that in the austr Prussian war of 1866 lonstein sent

austr Prussian war of 1866 lonstein sent a company of 80 soldiers to war only to

a company of 80 soldiers to war only to have 81 return not only did they not

have 81 return not only did they not have any casualties but an Austrian

have any casualties but an Austrian leaon officer joined them on the way

leaon officer joined them on the way home but it also helps to have luck luck

home but it also helps to have luck luck like anat Bowski had he was a researcher

like anat Bowski had he was a researcher working at the Soviet Union's most

working at the Soviet Union's most powerful particle accelerator the u70

powerful particle accelerator the u70 synchrotron he was down there one day to

synchrotron he was down there one day to fix something he leaned down to look at

fix something he leaned down to look at a part of the machine without realizing

a part of the machine without realizing the accelerator was active at the time

the accelerator was active at the time and stuck his head directly into the

and stuck his head directly into the bean bath he reported seeing a

bean bath he reported seeing a tremendously bright flash likely due to

tremendously bright flash likely due to to his optic nerves being excited

to his optic nerves being excited through the roof believe it or not he

through the roof believe it or not he actually wanted to cover it up and

actually wanted to cover it up and decided to continue working as time pass

decided to continue working as time pass Ani noticed huge swelling developing

Ani noticed huge swelling developing along the regions where the beam had

along the regions where the beam had entered and exited his head he slowly

entered and exited his head he slowly started developing radiation sickness

started developing radiation sickness there was no hiding anymore so he

there was no hiding anymore so he thought help the physician in charge

thought help the physician in charge feared the worst but as it turned out

feared the worst but as it turned out Anatoli had unintentionally received a

Anatoli had unintentionally received a version of proton beam therapy often

version of proton beam therapy often used to treat cancer thanks to the

used to treat cancer thanks to the physics of the proton beam therapy most

physics of the proton beam therapy most of the energy that might have otherwise

of the energy that might have otherwise killed inoli was deposited outside of

killed inoli was deposited outside of his skull despite suffering seizures and

his skull despite suffering seizures and epilepsy anatol lives on to this day

epilepsy anatol lives on to this day however he refused an offer from the

however he refused an offer from the United States to be a research subject

United States to be a research subject oh and half of his face stopped aging

oh and half of his face stopped aging talk about expensive Botox it's

talk about expensive Botox it's something Rebecca would have needed I

something Rebecca would have needed I mean I

mean I like oh well she's she's gone now but I

like oh well she's she's gone now but I mean for all her flaws she was always is

mean for all her flaws she was always is very kind to me despite what we went

very kind to me despite what we went through despite how rough the breakup

through despite how rough the breakup was she put her hand in mine looked me

was she put her hand in mine looked me in the eye assuredly and told me we can

in the eye assuredly and told me we can still be

still be cousins that of course was completely

cousins that of course was completely made

made up or was

up or was it picture this you're in a work meeting

it picture this you're in a work meeting attempting to troubleshoot a problem

attempting to troubleshoot a problem that your team has been struggling to

that your team has been struggling to figure out you suggest something a

figure out you suggest something a solution equal parts ingenius and

solution equal parts ingenius and elegant your C workers are impressed and

elegant your C workers are impressed and shower you with praise all except for

shower you with praise all except for one person who for some reason looks

one person who for some reason looks upset afterwards this person confronts

upset afterwards this person confronts you claiming that they had mentioned the

you claiming that they had mentioned the same solution to you during a private

same solution to you during a private call last week accusing you of

call last week accusing you of intellectual theft it was my idea you

intellectual theft it was my idea you shout back what if I told you that both

shout back what if I told you that both of you are technically correct that your

of you are technically correct that your brain stole your coworker's idea and

brain stole your coworker's idea and convinced you that it was yours scary

convinced you that it was yours scary right this is cryptomnesia

right this is cryptomnesia the reality that most of our thoughts

the reality that most of our thoughts aren't really

aren't really ours also known as inadvertent or

ours also known as inadvertent or unconscious plagiarism cryptonia is a

unconscious plagiarism cryptonia is a memory error in which people mistakenly

memory error in which people mistakenly believe that a current thought or idea

believe that a current thought or idea is a product of their own creation when

is a product of their own creation when in reality they have encountered it

in reality they have encountered it previously and then forgotten it's a

previously and then forgotten it's a form of cognitive bias that uses the

form of cognitive bias that uses the brain's own tendency to inaccurately

brain's own tendency to inaccurately recall information in such a way that it

recall information in such a way that it benefits us it can be something as

benefits us it can be something as simple as unintentionally stealing a

simple as unintentionally stealing a coworker's idea or as complex as

coworker's idea or as complex as accidentally recreating someone else's

accidentally recreating someone else's art in the fall of 1970 George Harrison

art in the fall of 1970 George Harrison formerly of The Beatles released his

formerly of The Beatles released his first single as a solo artist My Sweet

first single as a solo artist My Sweet Lord was an instant hit soaring to the

Lord was an instant hit soaring to the top of the charts around the world and

top of the charts around the world and becoming the number one single in the UK

becoming the number one single in the UK for

for 1971 but what Harrison didn't realize

1971 but what Harrison didn't realize was that he had unwittingly plagiarized

was that he had unwittingly plagiarized the song Central Melody soon after its

the song Central Melody soon after its release a suit was filed against

release a suit was filed against Harrison accusing him of copyright

Harrison accusing him of copyright infringement My Sweet Lord bore a

infringement My Sweet Lord bore a striking resemblance to the late Ronnie

striking resemblance to the late Ronnie Max song he's so fine and Max's former

Max song he's so fine and Max's former production company wanted a cut of the

production company wanted a cut of the royalties What followed was one of the

royalties What followed was one of the most notorious legal episodes in music

most notorious legal episodes in music history Harrison found himself caught up

history Harrison found himself caught up in court battles for the next 5 years

in court battles for the next 5 years and litigation related to the case would

and litigation related to the case would plag him until the late '90s during the

plag him until the late '90s during the court proceedings Harrison admitted to

court proceedings Harrison admitted to being familiar with the Ronnie M Trak

being familiar with the Ronnie M Trak but said that he hadn't deliberately

but said that he hadn't deliberately stolen it though the judge overseeing

stolen it though the judge overseeing the case affirmed Harrison's claim he

the case affirmed Harrison's claim he still found the former Beetle guilty of

still found the former Beetle guilty of in advertently copying of what was in

in advertently copying of what was in his subconscious memory and ruled in

his subconscious memory and ruled in favor of Max production company the case

favor of Max production company the case set new legal precedents for future

set new legal precedents for future copyright suits and proved an enormous

blow to Harrison personally who struggled to write new music for some

struggled to write new music for some time after the

time after the debacle in his autobiography he later

debacle in his autobiography he later confessed to having thought why didn't I

confessed to having thought why didn't I realize when he heard the two songs

realize when he heard the two songs compared side by side Harrison isn't the

compared side by side Harrison isn't the only artist to do this either other

only artist to do this either other examples include author Robert L

examples include author Robert L Stevenson reusing material he'd read

Stevenson reusing material he'd read comedian Dane Cook retelling jokes and

comedian Dane Cook retelling jokes and singer Demi Lavado lifting samples from

singer Demi Lavado lifting samples from his small Indie band surgeons have even

his small Indie band surgeons have even published entire papers on supposedly

published entire papers on supposedly new techniques that in actuality they

new techniques that in actuality they learned during

learned during training but how does this happen how is

training but how does this happen how is it possible that we can recall

it possible that we can recall information that we've somehow

information that we've somehow simultaneously also forgotten this was

simultaneously also forgotten this was the question posed by American

the question posed by American psychologists Alan Brown and Dana Murphy

psychologists Alan Brown and Dana Murphy in 1989 when they conducted what's

in 1989 when they conducted what's become known as the seminal scientific

become known as the seminal scientific study into cryptonia in a series of

study into cryptonia in a series of decep ctively simple experiments groups

decep ctively simple experiments groups of students took turns coming up with

of students took turns coming up with examples for different categories of

examples for different categories of things such as Sports musical

things such as Sports musical instruments and four-legged animals

instruments and four-legged animals months later participants gathered again

months later participants gathered again and were instructed to recall what items

and were instructed to recall what items they themselves had mentioned previously

they themselves had mentioned previously then a few months after that they met

then a few months after that they met for a final time and were asked to come

for a final time and were asked to come up with new examples during each of the

up with new examples during each of the later tasks nearly 75% of participants

later tasks nearly 75% of participants listed at least one item that was

listed at least one item that was mentioned by someone else in the group

mentioned by someone else in the group these weren't cases of simple confusion

these weren't cases of simple confusion either people also occasionally

either people also occasionally misattributed their own ideas as well

misattributed their own ideas as well though instances of this were comparably

though instances of this were comparably rare interestingly the pattern of

rare interestingly the pattern of responses also indicated that plagiarism

responses also indicated that plagiarism occurred more often in written tasks

occurred more often in written tasks when compared to oral and perhaps

when compared to oral and perhaps unsurprisingly ideas that were expressed

unsurprisingly ideas that were expressed more frequently were especially likely

more frequently were especially likely to be stolen overall plagiarized answers

to be stolen overall plagiarized answers accounted for 7 to 9% of all responses

accounted for 7 to 9% of all responses the experiment itself was borrowed from

the experiment itself was borrowed from previous Research into another kind of

previous Research into another kind of memory error known as Source amnesia in

memory error known as Source amnesia in which a person forgets the origin of a

which a person forgets the origin of a particular piece of

particular piece of information the difference between

information the difference between Source Amnesia and crypt Amnesia is that

Source Amnesia and crypt Amnesia is that the individual remembers that there was

the individual remembers that there was an original Source they just can't

an original Source they just can't remember what that source is but with

remember what that source is but with cryptomnesia they completely forget that

cryptomnesia they completely forget that there ever was a source and believe that

there ever was a source and believe that they themselves were the originator of

they themselves were the originator of the thought in question a possible

the thought in question a possible explanation for this unconscious

explanation for this unconscious plagiarism is that the brain has simply

plagiarism is that the brain has simply committed a mental error incorrectly

committed a mental error incorrectly categorizing information by mixing up

categorizing information by mixing up two different forms of memory one type

two different forms of memory one type known as semantic memory is what we more

known as semantic memory is what we more generally refer to as knowledge it

generally refer to as knowledge it includes things like the definition of

includes things like the definition of the word semantic that Paris is the

the word semantic that Paris is the capital of France or the year that man

capital of France or the year that man first landed on the moon chances are you

first landed on the moon chances are you don't remember where or how you learn

don't remember where or how you learn this information you just know it the

this information you just know it the second type of memory is known as

second type of memory is known as autobiographical memory and Deals

autobiographical memory and Deals directly with the circumstances of our

directly with the circumstances of our experiences it records the exact context

experiences it records the exact context in which events happen to us bringing

in which events happen to us bringing back details such as the precise

back details such as the precise location who was present and the time of

location who was present and the time of day

day cryptomnesia is a case of your brain Mis

cryptomnesia is a case of your brain Mis categorizing information rather than an

categorizing information rather than an event being remembered as an

event being remembered as an autobiographical memory it is saved as a

autobiographical memory it is saved as a purely semantic one just the raw

purely semantic one just the raw information is retained the larger

information is retained the larger context is lost Fame neurologists allive

context is lost Fame neurologists allive Sac said of the phenomenon it is

Sac said of the phenomenon it is startling to realize that some of our

startling to realize that some of our most Cherished Memories may have never

most Cherished Memories may have never happened or may have happened to someone

happened or may have happened to someone else I suspect that many of my

else I suspect that many of my enthusiasms and impulses which seem

enthusiasms and impulses which seem entirely my own have arisen from others

entirely my own have arisen from others suggestions which have powerfully

suggestions which have powerfully influenced me consciously or

influenced me consciously or unconsciously and then been forgotten

unconsciously and then been forgotten more recent Studies have successfully

more recent Studies have successfully replicated Brown and Murphy's original

replicated Brown and Murphy's original findings confirming just how easy it is

findings confirming just how easy it is to induce

to induce cryptomnesia even when participants were

cryptomnesia even when participants were offered monetary reward for correctly

offered monetary reward for correctly attributing ideas they still

attributing ideas they still occasionally claimed other people's

occasionally claimed other people's suggestions as their own effectively

suggestions as their own effectively demonstrating that cryptomnesia is

demonstrating that cryptomnesia is something we don't do intentionally for

something we don't do intentionally for personal gain these different variations

personal gain these different variations of the experiment have made managed to

of the experiment have made managed to uncover certain conditions that are

uncover certain conditions that are likely to increase instances of the

likely to increase instances of the phenomenon for example the next in line

phenomenon for example the next in line effect demonstrates how people who come

effect demonstrates how people who come immediately after you in a brainstorming

immediately after you in a brainstorming session are more likely to accidentally

session are more likely to accidentally steal your

steal your ideas in fact brainstorming sessions in

ideas in fact brainstorming sessions in general run a high risk of falling

general run a high risk of falling victim to unconscious plagiarism part of

victim to unconscious plagiarism part of the reason might be exactly because of

the reason might be exactly because of the collaborative environment nothing

the collaborative environment nothing seems to increase instances of idea

seems to increase instances of idea theft more than an open invitation to

theft more than an open invitation to improve upon existing

improve upon existing proposals add this to the fact that

proposals add this to the fact that brainstorming sessions usually have a

brainstorming sessions usually have a high degree of disorganization and chaos

high degree of disorganization and chaos and you can see why it's easy for people

and you can see why it's easy for people to misremember who came up with what

to misremember who came up with what other factors such as stress

other factors such as stress multitasking and the amount of time that

multitasking and the amount of time that has passed between the event and the

has passed between the event and the associated information being recalled

associated information being recalled also contribute to the likelihood that

also contribute to the likelihood that you might unintentionally engage in

you might unintentionally engage in intellectual

robbery cryptomnesia is worrying in its own right the notion that you can

own right the notion that you can mistakenly commit plagiarism at any

mistakenly commit plagiarism at any given time is enough to make most people

given time is enough to make most people I can guess even their best ideas

I can guess even their best ideas however when you consider this alongside

however when you consider this alongside the influences of things like the

the influences of things like the internet and social media it can scare

internet and social media it can scare anyone into pulling a George Harrison

anyone into pulling a George Harrison and simply stop

and simply stop creating while researching this video I

creating while researching this video I just did a quick search on YouTube to

just did a quick search on YouTube to make sure someone else hadn't made the

make sure someone else hadn't made the exact same video just to be safe today

exact same video just to be safe today we're constantly being bombarded by

we're constantly being bombarded by content we consume so much in a day that

content we consume so much in a day that it has become practically impossible to

it has become practically impossible to recall every Tik Tok video or Instagram

recall every Tik Tok video or Instagram story you watched no matter how hard you

story you watched no matter how hard you try

try even for the people who avoid these

even for the people who avoid these platforms or limit the amount of time

platforms or limit the amount of time they spend on social media its effect is

they spend on social media its effect is still

still inescapable the result is that we're

inescapable the result is that we're more likely than ever to commit

more likely than ever to commit cryptomnesia the problem is so

cryptomnesia the problem is so widespread that cognitive psychologist

widespread that cognitive psychologist Ronald T Kellogg has observed how

Ronald T Kellogg has observed how contemporary authors increasingly borrow

contemporary authors increasingly borrow even from their own work in order to

even from their own work in order to meet the intense demands of Publishers

meet the intense demands of Publishers it's gotten so bad that writers are

it's gotten so bad that writers are stealing from themselves and in a

stealing from themselves and in a culture where creators are expected to

culture where creators are expected to turn out seemingly endless quantities of

turn out seemingly endless quantities of new material basically overnight who can

new material basically overnight who can blame them when there are so many people

blame them when there are so many people whose livelihoods are built around the

whose livelihoods are built around the expectation of constant creativity and

expectation of constant creativity and when all of us are exposed to incessant

when all of us are exposed to incessant streams of quick easily forgettable

streams of quick easily forgettable media how can we possibly avoid

media how can we possibly avoid inadvertent

inadvertent plagiarism but the worst consequence of

plagiarism but the worst consequence of cryptonia isn't legal battles or even

cryptonia isn't legal battles or even that an artist might have their life's

that an artist might have their life's work taken from them rather it's that it

work taken from them rather it's that it might be silencing the voices of entire

might be silencing the voices of entire populations humans tend to adopt and

populations humans tend to adopt and likewise steal the ideas of people that

likewise steal the ideas of people that they relate to false claims of

they relate to false claims of originality occur at a significantly

originality occur at a significantly higher rate when the individuals

higher rate when the individuals involved share the same sex race or

involved share the same sex race or socioeconomic group this suggests that

socioeconomic group this suggests that we're psychologically primed to favor in

we're psychologically primed to favor in therefore Advanced ideas from those who

therefore Advanced ideas from those who look like us regardless of the value of

look like us regardless of the value of those

those ideas this unconscious bias can serve as

ideas this unconscious bias can serve as a form of group think and sideline ideas

a form of group think and sideline ideas put forward by people who we don't

put forward by people who we don't identify with in the worst cases this

identify with in the worst cases this effectively serves as a form of

effectively serves as a form of intellectual discrimination against

intellectual discrimination against anyone who doesn't fall into to the

anyone who doesn't fall into to the mainstream

mainstream demographics while unintentional the

demographics while unintentional the effect can be nearly the same as if

effect can be nearly the same as if those people hadn't been allowed in the

those people hadn't been allowed in the room in the first place as though this

room in the first place as though this weren't nefarious enough it turns out

weren't nefarious enough it turns out cryptomnesia doesn't just increase the

cryptomnesia doesn't just increase the probability that you will ignore ideas

probability that you will ignore ideas from people you don't identify with

from people you don't identify with ironically it makes it more likely that

ironically it makes it more likely that you will steal their ideas as

well alongside the experiments of alen brown and Dana Murphy other

brown and Dana Murphy other psychologists investigating Crypt

psychologists investigating Crypt Amnesia in the 1980s observed a

Amnesia in the 1980s observed a phenomenon that they dubbed social Krypt

phenomenon that they dubbed social Krypt Amnesia in a series of studies

Amnesia in a series of studies researchers ask participants about their

researchers ask participants about their attitudes towards things like equal

attitudes towards things like equal rights environmentalism and World Peace

rights environmentalism and World Peace most expressed positive opinions of

most expressed positive opinions of these values at least initially but when

these values at least initially but when participants were reminded of the groups

participants were reminded of the groups who first campaigned for these causes

who first campaigned for these causes such as civil rights green and anti-war

such as civil rights green and anti-war activists the reported favorability

activists the reported favorability dropped

dropped significantly despite participants

significantly despite participants having a adopted identical views as

having a adopted identical views as these groups it seemed that they had

these groups it seemed that they had forgotten their contributions not only

forgotten their contributions not only that but these groups were seen as

that but these groups were seen as radical or deviant despite their beliefs

radical or deviant despite their beliefs being essentially the same as the

being essentially the same as the participants more recently in 2017 a

participants more recently in 2017 a study was carried out by Swiss

study was carried out by Swiss researcher Fabrizio buta investigating

researcher Fabrizio buta investigating the effect of social cryptonia in

the effect of social cryptonia in relation to minority groups in Butera's

relation to minority groups in Butera's experiment groups of women were asked to

experiment groups of women were asked to express their agreement or disagreement

express their agreement or disagreement with statements on gender equality

with statements on gender equality support for issues like equal salary the

support for issues like equal salary the right to vote and freedom to divorce was

right to vote and freedom to divorce was overwhelming yet this support diminished

overwhelming yet this support diminished when the phrase as proposed by feminist

when the phrase as proposed by feminist movements was added to the statements

movements was added to the statements suggesting underlying Prejudice this

suggesting underlying Prejudice this despite every one of these issues having

despite every one of these issues having been fought for by suffragists and other

been fought for by suffragists and other feminist movements throughout the 20th

feminist movements throughout the 20th century though they may have shaped the

century though they may have shaped the popular discourse of today most people

popular discourse of today most people seem to have largely forgotten about

seem to have largely forgotten about their

their contribution the danger then of

contribution the danger then of cryptonia is twofold not only are we

cryptonia is twofold not only are we biologically predisposed to ignore the

biologically predisposed to ignore the idea of people who don't look like us

idea of people who don't look like us but in cases where we do adopt those

but in cases where we do adopt those ideas it's unlikely that we'll give them

ideas it's unlikely that we'll give them credit the effect is a pathological

credit the effect is a pathological undervaluing of minority activists

undervaluing of minority activists thinkers and artists leaving them in

thinkers and artists leaving them in danger of being forgotten in spite of

danger of being forgotten in spite of their

their contributions nearly everyone knows the

contributions nearly everyone knows the name George Harrison and if you don't

name George Harrison and if you don't you definitely have heard of The Beatles

you definitely have heard of The Beatles but I doubt you've ever heard of Ronnie

but I doubt you've ever heard of Ronnie ma if proper recognition isn't given to

ma if proper recognition isn't given to the people who deserve it it only serves

the people who deserve it it only serves to prop up existing power structures

to prop up existing power structures while perpetuating

while perpetuating discrimination in other words it helps

discrimination in other words it helps maintain the status quo but how do we

maintain the status quo but how do we combat our bias how do we stop ourselves

combat our bias how do we stop ourselves from falling into the Trap of

from falling into the Trap of cryptonia one easy way is by going back

cryptonia one easy way is by going back and consciously reviewing material

and consciously reviewing material research has shown that this can reduce

research has shown that this can reduce rates of cryptonia by 2/3 this kind of

rates of cryptonia by 2/3 this kind of deliberate introspection where you

deliberate introspection where you occasionally ask yourself where you've

occasionally ask yourself where you've acquired certain information or beliefs

acquired certain information or beliefs can help decrease derivative thinking

can help decrease derivative thinking what's even better we can actually use

what's even better we can actually use this knowledge

this knowledge to help change people's views of

to help change people's views of minority groups Butera's 2017 study on

minority groups Butera's 2017 study on social cryptomnesia also found that when

social cryptomnesia also found that when participants were made aware of the

participants were made aware of the disconnect between their beliefs and

disconnect between their beliefs and their attitudes towards the feminists

their attitudes towards the feminists that first fought for those same beliefs

that first fought for those same beliefs their opinions of the group

their opinions of the group improved we'll never be able to

improved we'll never be able to completely eliminate cryptomnesia but

completely eliminate cryptomnesia but with a bit of mindfulness we can avoid

with a bit of mindfulness we can avoid its worst consequences and perhaps even

its worst consequences and perhaps even use this knowledge to help change

use this knowledge to help change people's minds for the better that is if

people's minds for the better that is if we don't forget

yet at the end of the Korean War The New York Times published a gripping story

York Times published a gripping story detailing how a returning American

detailing how a returning American soldiers may have been converted by

soldiers may have been converted by communist

communist brainwashers the story became widely

brainwashers the story became widely popular that some troops were allegedly

popular that some troops were allegedly confessing to war crimes While others

confessing to war crimes While others adopted the Communist ideology and even

adopted the Communist ideology and even refused to return home the fear of

refused to return home the fear of brainwashing or brain Warfare both

brainwashing or brain Warfare both terrified and fascinated the American

terrified and fascinated the American public at a time when political tensions

public at a time when political tensions were rising in the early years of the

were rising in the early years of the Cold War

Cold War the CIA was convinced that the Soviet

the CIA was convinced that the Soviet Union had developed a drug or technique

Union had developed a drug or technique to control minds and as a response they

to control minds and as a response they launched a top secret program called MK

launched a top secret program called MK Ultra MK ultra's main purpose was to

Ultra MK ultra's main purpose was to conduct covert experiments centered

conduct covert experiments centered around behavior modification human test

around behavior modification human test subjects were exposed to electroshock

subjects were exposed to electroshock therapy hypnosis polygraphs radiation

therapy hypnosis polygraphs radiation and a mixture of drugs potions and

and a mixture of drugs potions and chemicals to see whether any of these

chemicals to see whether any of these would be successful in controlling the

would be successful in controlling the human mind while the CIA believed that

human mind while the CIA believed that all these experiments could be

all these experiments could be potentially useful there was one drug

potentially useful there was one drug that stood out and became MK ultra's

that stood out and became MK ultra's Obsession in the 1950s and 60s the

Obsession in the 1950s and 60s the alleged race for manipulating the human

alleged race for manipulating the human mind had just begun and the drug at the

mind had just begun and the drug at the heart of it was discovered by accident

heart of it was discovered by accident in 1938 Albert Hoffman a researcher

in 1938 Albert Hoffman a researcher working for a Swiss chemical company

working for a Swiss chemical company called Sandos accidentally formulated a

called Sandos accidentally formulated a psychoactive hallucinogenic that would

psychoactive hallucinogenic that would alter the course of history Hoffman

alter the course of history Hoffman initially wanted to synthesize a

initially wanted to synthesize a chemical compound that would stimulate

chemical compound that would stimulate the respiratory and Circ ulatory system

the respiratory and Circ ulatory system by combining lysergic acid with other

by combining lysergic acid with other molecules on his 25th attempt he

molecules on his 25th attempt he inadvertently created lysergic acid

inadvertently created lysergic acid diolide or

diolide or lsd2 while this new discovery was

lsd2 while this new discovery was useless to his research at the time

useless to his research at the time Hoffman noticed that there was something

Hoffman noticed that there was something interesting about this new compound the

interesting about this new compound the animals that were exposed to it showed

animals that were exposed to it showed strange levels of excitement and behaved

strange levels of excitement and behaved pecly not thinking too much of it though

pecly not thinking too much of it though Hoffman sheld his new discovery for 5

Hoffman sheld his new discovery for 5 years until the results of his testing

years until the results of his testing peaked his interest again and he decided

peaked his interest again and he decided to synthesize it in his lab once more

to synthesize it in his lab once more while in the final stages of

while in the final stages of synthesizing LSD during the height of

synthesizing LSD during the height of the second world war in 1943 Hoffman

the second world war in 1943 Hoffman accidentally absorbed some of the

accidentally absorbed some of the substance he soon experienced

substance he soon experienced restlessness dizziness in a state of

restlessness dizziness in a state of extremely stimulated imagination that

extremely stimulated imagination that prompted him to abandon his work for the

prompted him to abandon his work for the day and go home next morning he returned

day and go home next morning he returned to his lab with a burning desire to

to his lab with a burning desire to discovered what had affected him the

discovered what had affected him the previous day after ruling out all the

previous day after ruling out all the possible contaminants he came to the

possible contaminants he came to the concl conclusion that he must have

concl conclusion that he must have somehow ingested LSD and that what he

somehow ingested LSD and that what he experienced was similar to the animals

experienced was similar to the animals he observed in his lab 5 years prior to

he observed in his lab 5 years prior to verify this hypothesis Hoffman decided

verify this hypothesis Hoffman decided that there was only one thing to do self

that there was only one thing to do self experiment so on April 19th 1943 Albert

experiment so on April 19th 1943 Albert Hoffman embarked on the world's first

Hoffman embarked on the world's first Acid Trip 40 minutes after taking the

Acid Trip 40 minutes after taking the drug Hoffman began feeling dizziness

drug Hoffman began feeling dizziness anxiety Visual distortions and a sudden

anxiety Visual distortions and a sudden urge to laugh while while riding his

urge to laugh while while riding his bicycle home he also reported that

bicycle home he also reported that everything in his field of vision

everything in his field of vision wavered and was distorted as if seen

wavered and was distorted as if seen through a curved mirror when he finally

through a curved mirror when he finally reached the safety of his home he

reached the safety of his home he collapsed on his sofa LSD psychedelic

collapsed on his sofa LSD psychedelic effects locked him in a frenzy of

effects locked him in a frenzy of hallucinations that manifested in a

hallucinations that manifested in a continued animated motion driven by

continued animated motion driven by Inner restlessness hoffin was so

Inner restlessness hoffin was so frightened that he thought he was going

frightened that he thought he was going to die but soon the effect subdued and

to die but soon the effect subdued and the horror softened giving way to a

the horror softened giving way to a feeling of good fortune and gratitude

feeling of good fortune and gratitude magnified by an unprecedented display of

magnified by an unprecedented display of color and shapes behind his closed eyes

color and shapes behind his closed eyes everything glistened and sparkled in a

everything glistened and sparkled in a fresh Light the world was as if it was

fresh Light the world was as if it was newly created he wrote the following

newly created he wrote the following morning all my senses vibrated in a

morning all my senses vibrated in a condition of highest sensitivity which

condition of highest sensitivity which persisted for the entire day today April

persisted for the entire day today April 19th is celebrated by recreational LSD

19th is celebrated by recreational LSD users as bicycle day because of

users as bicycle day because of Hoffman's colorful ride home an acid and

Hoffman's colorful ride home an acid and psychedelic are two terms that are

psychedelic are two terms that are forever linked thanks to

forever linked thanks to Hoffman psychedelic is a combination of

Hoffman psychedelic is a combination of the Greek word psyche which which means

the Greek word psyche which which means mine and delos which is to reveal

mine and delos which is to reveal clinically a psychedelic experience

clinically a psychedelic experience refers to a class of compounds that

refers to a class of compounds that induce a mind manifesting state in its

induce a mind manifesting state in its users sending them on a journey that

users sending them on a journey that often provides unique insights and

often provides unique insights and emotions that they were otherwise

emotions that they were otherwise oblivious to this feeling can last for

oblivious to this feeling can last for up to 12 hours and can be very dramatic

up to 12 hours and can be very dramatic most individuals report a distorted

most individuals report a distorted sense of time an altered sense of self

sense of time an altered sense of self and dramatic changes in feelings and

and dramatic changes in feelings and Sensations some experien Anesthesia

Sensations some experien Anesthesia where their senses intertwines add

where their senses intertwines add another dimension to their perceptions

another dimension to their perceptions of the world such as tasting music

of the world such as tasting music seeing sounds and hearing

seeing sounds and hearing colors an acid trip is a journey into

colors an acid trip is a journey into one's own mind and can provide its users

one's own mind and can provide its users with deep and profound realizations but

with deep and profound realizations but it can also be very unsettling with the

it can also be very unsettling with the ability to push the Mind into dark and

ability to push the Mind into dark and unexplored places that could have some

unexplored places that could have some horrific effects scientists believe that

horrific effects scientists believe that LSD influences The receptors in the

LSD influences The receptors in the brain responsible for regulating

brain responsible for regulating serotonin which is a chemical that

serotonin which is a chemical that carries messages between nerve cells and

carries messages between nerve cells and plays a key role in regulating mood

plays a key role in regulating mood happiness and sexual desire among other

happiness and sexual desire among other things while there was and still is no

things while there was and still is no research that connects LSD with mind

research that connects LSD with mind control in the late 1940s the CIA

control in the late 1940s the CIA received reports that the Soviets were

received reports that the Soviets were engaged in intensive efforts to produce

engaged in intensive efforts to produce LSD believing it to be the key to

LSD believing it to be the key to controlling an individual's mind so when

controlling an individual's mind so when the US government found out that Hoffman

the US government found out that Hoffman had created this mind altering drug they

had created this mind altering drug they approached as Employer Sandos and paid

approached as Employer Sandos and paid 240,000 to purchase the world's entire

240,000 to purchase the world's entire Supply what followed was reported by

Supply what followed was reported by investigative journalist Steven kiner as

investigative journalist Steven kiner as the most sustained search in history for

the most sustained search in history for techniques of Mind Control the CIA and

techniques of Mind Control the CIA and MK Ultra began Distributing LSD to

MK Ultra began Distributing LSD to hospitals clinics prisons and other

hospitals clinics prisons and other institutions asking them to carry out

institutions asking them to carry out research projects on patients and

research projects on patients and prisoners so that they could understand

prisoners so that they could understand what LSD was how people reacted to it

what LSD was how people reacted to it and how it could potentially be used as

and how it could potentially be used as a tool for mind

control Whitey buer a prisoner who volunteered for the program in exchange

volunteered for the program in exchange for a shorter sentence was told that the

for a shorter sentence was told that the drug was being tested as a cure for

drug was being tested as a cure for schizophrenia as part of the experiment

schizophrenia as part of the experiment he was administered LSD every day for

he was administered LSD every day for over a year he later realized he was a

over a year he later realized he was a guinea pig in an experiment aimed at

guinea pig in an experiment aimed at testing the long-term effects of LSD and

testing the long-term effects of LSD and understanding whether it could make a

understanding whether it could make a person lose their mind BGA wrote about

person lose their mind BGA wrote about his experience that he was closely

his experience that he was closely monitored by physicians who repeatedly

monitored by physicians who repeatedly asked him leading questions such as

asked him leading questions such as would you ever kill anyone that

would you ever kill anyone that eventually drove him to the brink of

eventually drove him to the brink of insanity the experiments were the most

insanity the experiments were the most Extreme Trials conducted on any human

Extreme Trials conducted on any human being by any US agency and Boger claimed

being by any US agency and Boger claimed that he was never the same after he was

that he was never the same after he was continually haunted by auditory and

continually haunted by auditory and visual hallucinations violent nightmares

visual hallucinations violent nightmares and anxiety so severe that he couldn't

and anxiety so severe that he couldn't even sleep the CIA and MK Ultra believed

even sleep the CIA and MK Ultra believed that LSD had the potential to blast a

that LSD had the potential to blast a person's mind which would open up the

person's mind which would open up the opportunity to reprogram it to either

opportunity to reprogram it to either help extract people from the alleged

help extract people from the alleged Soviet mind attacks or more likely to

Soviet mind attacks or more likely to make their enemy an enemy of

make their enemy an enemy of himself during the Cold War the race for

himself during the Cold War the race for mind control was believed to be the most

mind control was believed to be the most crucial of Victories so the CIA and MK

crucial of Victories so the CIA and MK Ultra basically had a license to Kill

Ultra basically had a license to Kill from the US government they had the

from the US government they had the authority to requisition humans from all

authority to requisition humans from all over the country and around the world

over the country and around the world and subject them to all kinds of abuse

and subject them to all kinds of abuse even if it were fatal enemy agents

even if it were fatal enemy agents captured in Europe and East Asia were

captured in Europe and East Asia were subjected to all sorts of tests from

subjected to all sorts of tests from electroshock and sensory isolation to

electroshock and sensory isolation to temperature extremes these weren't

temperature extremes these weren't designed to understand the human mind

designed to understand the human mind but to rather destroy it in order to

but to rather destroy it in order to rebuild it again from the ground up

rebuild it again from the ground up perhaps the most notorious experiment of

perhaps the most notorious experiment of that era was Operation midnight climax

that era was Operation midnight climax government employed prostitutes lured

government employed prostitutes lured unsuspecting men to CIA safe houses

unsuspecting men to CIA safe houses where LSD experiments took place the

where LSD experiments took place the prostitutes dosed the men with LSD while

prostitutes dosed the men with LSD while CIA officials watched their minds

CIA officials watched their minds unravel through a two-way mirror as all

unravel through a two-way mirror as all this was underway the agents themselves

this was underway the agents themselves were also getting high and indulging in

were also getting high and indulging in some unscrupulous Behavior the agent

some unscrupulous Behavior the agent heading the program George White later

heading the program George White later wrote of course I was a very minor

wrote of course I was a very minor missionary actually a heretic but I

missionary actually a heretic but I toiled wholeheartedly in The Vineyards

toiled wholeheartedly in The Vineyards because it was fun fun fun where else

because it was fun fun fun where else could a red-blooded American Boy lie

could a red-blooded American Boy lie kill and cheat steal deceive rape and

kill and cheat steal deceive rape and pillage with the sanction and blessing

pillage with the sanction and blessing of the all highest ultimately after

of the all highest ultimately after dosing countless people MK Ultra

dosing countless people MK Ultra concluded that LSD was too unpredictable

concluded that LSD was too unpredictable to be used for mind control and the

to be used for mind control and the program was asked following an

program was asked following an inspection of its unorthodox and

inspection of its unorthodox and unethical methods throughout its course

unethical methods throughout its course the program allegedly involved more than

the program allegedly involved more than 150 experiments with many casualties and

150 experiments with many casualties and lives permanently ruined the actual

lives permanently ruined the actual number remains a mystery because most of

number remains a mystery because most of MK ultra's files were destroyed

MK ultra's files were destroyed ironically the drug the CIA hoped to be

ironically the drug the CIA hoped to be their key to mind control ended up

their key to mind control ended up freeing people's minds sparking an

freeing people's minds sparking an anti-government Rebellion dedicated to

anti-government Rebellion dedicated to destroying everything the CIA held dear

destroying everything the CIA held dear the movement focused on protesting the

the movement focused on protesting the Vietnam War in addition to advocating

Vietnam War in addition to advocating for equal rights and environmental

for equal rights and environmental awareness as the spread of LSD grew it

awareness as the spread of LSD grew it became the official symbol for this

became the official symbol for this movement it was harled as a means for

movement it was harled as a means for people to connect to Nature and bring

people to connect to Nature and bring about positive changes in society

about positive changes in society counterculture activist rebelled Against

counterculture activist rebelled Against The Establishment and its participation

The Establishment and its participation in mind expansion experiments that acid

in mind expansion experiments that acid was thought to provoke pressure created

was thought to provoke pressure created by the movement is also widely credited

by the movement is also widely credited for the creation of the Clean Air Act in

for the creation of the Clean Air Act in 1963 which was the United States's first

1963 which was the United States's first and most influential environmental law

and most influential environmental law to regulate a missions it also played a

to regulate a missions it also played a major role in conceiving the first Earth

major role in conceiving the first Earth Day in 1970 which helped bring

Day in 1970 which helped bring Environmental concerns to the Forefront

Environmental concerns to the Forefront of youth culture sadly although the

of youth culture sadly although the movement sparked a lot of positive

movement sparked a lot of positive change its overuse of acid coupled with

change its overuse of acid coupled with the US government's War on Drugs divided

the US government's War on Drugs divided the nation and eventually hindered the

the nation and eventually hindered the positive experimentation of these

positive experimentation of these hallucinogens and so after the US Food

hallucinogens and so after the US Food and Drug Administration concluded that

and Drug Administration concluded that LSD was The Most Dangerous Drug to have

LSD was The Most Dangerous Drug to have ever been created possession of the

ever been created possession of the Psychedelic was made illegal in

Psychedelic was made illegal in 1968 still there is no doubt that the

1968 still there is no doubt that the counterculture movement at the time

counterculture movement at the time wouldn't have prevailed without it

wouldn't have prevailed without it making LSD one of the most influential

making LSD one of the most influential drugs in human history more than 80

drugs in human history more than 80 years after its Discovery LSD is still

years after its Discovery LSD is still somewhat of a mystery the fact that it's

somewhat of a mystery the fact that it's illegal in many countries makes it hard

illegal in many countries makes it hard for scientists to conduct appropriate

for scientists to conduct appropriate research to determine its long-term

research to determine its long-term effects that being said the

effects that being said the multi-disciplinary association for

multi-disciplinary association for psychedelic studies or apps began to

psychedelic studies or apps began to conduct basic safety studies and in 2014

conduct basic safety studies and in 2014 researchers initiated the first

researchers initiated the first scientific studies on human subjects in

scientific studies on human subjects in decades while Aid's ability to control

decades while Aid's ability to control minds as still in question researchers

minds as still in question researchers have hinted that the use of psychedelics

have hinted that the use of psychedelics could help people to stop smoking deal

could help people to stop smoking deal with PTSD fight depression and even help

with PTSD fight depression and even help terminally ill patients deal with their

terminally ill patients deal with their fear of death the uses of LSD and

fear of death the uses of LSD and Psychotherapy have also intrigued

Psychotherapy have also intrigued scientists and psychoanalysts the drug

scientists and psychoanalysts the drug was found to assist patients in

was found to assist patients in uncovering previously repressed memories

uncovering previously repressed memories from their subconscious while also

from their subconscious while also stimulating their imagination in a way

stimulating their imagination in a way that lowered their customary defenses

that lowered their customary defenses and made them more accepting of the

and made them more accepting of the treatment acid's therapeutic

treatment acid's therapeutic applications could be the beginning of a

applications could be the beginning of a new era of openness a scientists keep

new era of openness a scientists keep testing its effects on the human mind

testing its effects on the human mind but despite these new studies we still

but despite these new studies we still don't have conclusive evidence on its

don't have conclusive evidence on its long-term effects krie Grant an American

long-term effects krie Grant an American actor popular in the 1950s took over 100

actor popular in the 1950s took over 100 doses of LSD claiming that it allowed

doses of LSD claiming that it allowed him to connect with the subconscious

him to connect with the subconscious while Breaking Free from the usual

while Breaking Free from the usual disciplines one imposes on themselves

disciplines one imposes on themselves similarly Sid Barrett a founding member

similarly Sid Barrett a founding member of Pink Floyd experienced waves of

of Pink Floyd experienced waves of inspiration while using LSD that

inspiration while using LSD that propelled the band to fame at the end of

propelled the band to fame at the end of the

the 1960s but the same forces that Unleashed

1960s but the same forces that Unleashed Barrett's imagination led him down a

Barrett's imagination led him down a path of self-destruction as an overuse

path of self-destruction as an overuse of the drug slowly drove him to Insanity

of the drug slowly drove him to Insanity becoming a shell of the man he once was

becoming a shell of the man he once was Albert Hoffman wrote that his

Albert Hoffman wrote that his psychedelic experiences left him with

psychedelic experiences left him with feelings of estatic love and unity with

feelings of estatic love and unity with all creatures in the

all creatures in the universe however he also did not shy

universe however he also did not shy away from the fact that the

away from the fact that the unpredictability of its effects was the

unpredictability of its effects was the major danger of LSD the good mood and

major danger of LSD the good mood and positive expectations of a trip could

positive expectations of a trip could quick turned to horrendous depression if

quick turned to horrendous depression if the setting isn't properly controlled

the setting isn't properly controlled and monitored closely from being a tool

and monitored closely from being a tool for mind control to becoming the symbol

for mind control to becoming the symbol of Freedom today LSD has undergone yet

of Freedom today LSD has undergone yet another Public Image shift with some

another Public Image shift with some involved with Silicon Valley advocating

involved with Silicon Valley advocating micro doing to boost creativity with

micro doing to boost creativity with this new Revival of the Psychedelic in

this new Revival of the Psychedelic in this era of Technology one can't help

this era of Technology one can't help but Ponder on Hoffman's words upon his

but Ponder on Hoffman's words upon his discovery of the drug I did not choose

discovery of the drug I did not choose LSD LSD found and called me

in 1946 a 41-year-old hairdresser named Janice schot came to A Strong Memorial

Janice schot came to A Strong Memorial Hospital in Rochester New York to be

Hospital in Rochester New York to be treated for scleroderma a rare

treated for scleroderma a rare connective tissue condition she had

connective tissue condition she had escaped the violence against Jews in

escaped the violence against Jews in bellarus during the second world war and

bellarus during the second world war and was hoping to begin a new life in the

was hoping to begin a new life in the United States what shot didn't know was

United States what shot didn't know was that she would become one of the 18

that she would become one of the 18 people the US government secretly

people the US government secretly injected with plutonium from 1945 to

injected with plutonium from 1945 to 1947 as part of the Manhattan

1947 as part of the Manhattan Project none of them ever found

Project none of them ever found out the Manhattan Project was the code

out the Manhattan Project was the code name given to the American Le effort to

name given to the American Le effort to research and build a functional Atomic

research and build a functional Atomic weapon during World War II it recruited

weapon during World War II it recruited thousands of scientists worldwide and

thousands of scientists worldwide and took place across multiple

took place across multiple continents the result of these efforts

continents the result of these efforts was the construction of the world's

was the construction of the world's first ever atomic bombs which were later

first ever atomic bombs which were later dropped on the cities hoshima and

dropped on the cities hoshima and Nagasaki ultimately ending the second

Nagasaki ultimately ending the second world

world war the mobilization for the program

war the mobilization for the program began in 1939 when the president of the

began in 1939 when the president of the United States Franklin D Roosevelt

United States Franklin D Roosevelt received a startling letter from Albert

received a startling letter from Albert Einstein with an Urgent Message

Einstein with an Urgent Message physicists had discovered that uranium

physicists had discovered that uranium had the potential to generate

had the potential to generate unprecedented amounts of energy they

unprecedented amounts of energy they could be used in creating the world's

could be used in creating the world's strongest and most devastating bomb what

strongest and most devastating bomb what was more urgent in Einstein's letter was

was more urgent in Einstein's letter was that he suspected that Nazi Germany was

that he suspected that Nazi Germany was already stockpiling this radioactive

already stockpiling this radioactive element in hopes of creating a weapon of

element in hopes of creating a weapon of mass destruction after the Japanese

mass destruction after the Japanese attack on PO Harbor in December

attack on PO Harbor in December 1941 the United States joined the war

1941 the United States joined the war alongside the Allied Forces and in 1942

alongside the Allied Forces and in 1942 the Manhattan Project was officially

the Manhattan Project was officially born bringing forth an atomic Revolution

born bringing forth an atomic Revolution shrouded by secrecy Espionage and a

shrouded by secrecy Espionage and a whole lot of

whole lot of controversy while nuclear research had

controversy while nuclear research had begun in the US before its involvement

begun in the US before its involvement in the war the Manhattan Project stood

in the war the Manhattan Project stood out because it wasn't purely theoretical

out because it wasn't purely theoretical its purpose was clearcut build an atomic

its purpose was clearcut build an atomic bomb before the Germans within a year it

bomb before the Germans within a year it became the number one priority during

became the number one priority during the war it got all the funding all the

the war it got all the funding all the resources and all of the green lights

resources and all of the green lights the research was mainly centered around

the research was mainly centered around the fision of uranium 235 and plutonium

the fision of uranium 235 and plutonium 238 which split and release heat and

238 which split and release heat and atoms with smaller atomic numbers when

atoms with smaller atomic numbers when enriched with an extra Neutron the

enriched with an extra Neutron the Project's goal was to produce a chain

Project's goal was to produce a chain reaction from splitting these atoms to

reaction from splitting these atoms to release enough energy to trigger an

release enough energy to trigger an explosion despite its name the Manhattan

explosion despite its name the Manhattan Project took place all over the US

Project took place all over the US Canada England the Belgian Congo and

Canada England the Belgian Congo and parts of the South Pacific but its most

parts of the South Pacific but its most famous research facility was the Los

famous research facility was the Los Alamos National Laboratory located in

Alamos National Laboratory located in the remote mountains of Northern New

the remote mountains of Northern New Mexico as the war Advanced and Nazi

Mexico as the war Advanced and Nazi Germany faltered in Europe the focus of

Germany faltered in Europe the focus of the project turned to Japan after the

the project turned to Japan after the first atomic bomb called the gadget was

first atomic bomb called the gadget was successfully tested around 240 km or 140

successfully tested around 240 km or 140 mi from Los Alamos a uranium bomb called

mi from Los Alamos a uranium bomb called little boy and a plutonium bomb called

little boy and a plutonium bomb called fat man were dropped on the Japanese

fat man were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and

cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki more than 200 100,000 people

Nagasaki more than 200 100,000 people were killed instantly almost all of them

were killed instantly almost all of them civilians at its peak the Manhattan

civilians at its peak the Manhattan Project employed 130,000 workers and by

Project employed 130,000 workers and by the end of the war the US had spent $2.2

the end of the war the US had spent $2.2 billion to produce little boy and Fatman

billion to produce little boy and Fatman while the research and development of

while the research and development of the bombs is in itself controversial

the bombs is in itself controversial especially with many scientists

especially with many scientists condemning it there is another aspect of

condemning it there is another aspect of the program that is just as

the program that is just as controversial or even more so as often

forgotten at that time the Project's Personnel faced many issues handling

Personnel faced many issues handling recently discovered elements such as

recently discovered elements such as plutonium that had unknown health risks

plutonium that had unknown health risks so without regard for human life and

so without regard for human life and safety the US government turned to human

safety the US government turned to human experimentation the leaders of the

experimentation the leaders of the Manhattan Project understood the urgency

Manhattan Project understood the urgency of measuring the impact of radiation on

of measuring the impact of radiation on the human body and in 1942 established a

the human body and in 1942 established a division whose purpose was to protect

division whose purpose was to protect the health of workers and the public

the health of workers and the public from

from radiation they were also tasked with

radiation they were also tasked with studying potential hazards to establish

studying potential hazards to establish tolerance Doses and develop methods of

tolerance Doses and develop methods of treatment ironically the medical term of

treatment ironically the medical term of the Manhattan Project concluded that in

the Manhattan Project concluded that in order to do all this controlled human

order to do all this controlled human experiments were

experiments were necessary so between 1945 and 1947 18

necessary so between 1945 and 1947 18 subjects were unwittingly injected with

subjects were unwittingly injected with plutonium several others were exposed to

plutonium several others were exposed to uranium ponum and amicum the experiment

uranium ponum and amicum the experiment ments were conducted at the Manhattan

ments were conducted at the Manhattan Project Affiliated hospitals all over

Project Affiliated hospitals all over the US knowing that plutonium might be

the US knowing that plutonium might be carcinogenic or even fatal to the

carcinogenic or even fatal to the unsuspecting subjects Janet shot never

unsuspecting subjects Janet shot never knew that plutonium was in her veins the

knew that plutonium was in her veins the dose she was administered was 56 times

dose she was administered was 56 times the amount of radiation an average

the amount of radiation an average person absorbs in their lifetime all of

person absorbs in their lifetime all of that straight into her veins all at once

that straight into her veins all at once Janet lived the remaining 29 years of

Janet lived the remaining 29 years of her life in excruciating pain suffering

her life in excruciating pain suffering from a cancer that ultimately LED led to

from a cancer that ultimately LED led to her death just like schot none of the

her death just like schot none of the other test subjects were informed of the

other test subjects were informed of the substances they were being injected with

substances they were being injected with and in order to further understand the

and in order to further understand the appalling nature of these experiments

appalling nature of these experiments it's important to highlight some of

it's important to highlight some of their stories e Cade was the first

their stories e Cade was the first victim on March 24th 1945 he was brought

victim on March 24th 1945 he was brought to the Army hospital in Oakridge

to the Army hospital in Oakridge Tennessee after fracturing bones in a

Tennessee after fracturing bones in a car accident Dr Heimer Friel one of the

car accident Dr Heimer Friel one of the initial doctors assigned to the

initial doctors assigned to the Manhattan Project wrote to Dr Lewis

Manhattan Project wrote to Dr Lewis hempleman the director of Health at Los

hempleman the director of Health at Los Alamos that he found the primary subject

Alamos that he found the primary subject for the first human plutonium experiment

for the first human plutonium experiment he gave Cade the code name hp12 with HP

he gave Cade the code name hp12 with HP standing for human product on April 10th

standing for human product on April 10th 1945 Cade was administered 4.7 microgr

1945 Cade was administered 4.7 microgr of plutonium which fral was suspected

of plutonium which fral was suspected was nearly five times the human body's

was nearly five times the human body's limit samples of his teeth and a biopsy

limit samples of his teeth and a biopsy of his bones were taken shortly

of his bones were taken shortly afterwards and Cade was

afterwards and Cade was released the doctors didn't expect him

released the doctors didn't expect him to leave for more than 10 Years yet they

to leave for more than 10 Years yet they did what they did with eyes wide open 8

did what they did with eyes wide open 8 years after the injection Kade died of

years after the injection Kade died of heart

heart failure similarly Albert Stevens

failure similarly Albert Stevens received a plutonium injection in

received a plutonium injection in California only a month after Cade he

California only a month after Cade he was misdiagnosed with terminal stomach

was misdiagnosed with terminal stomach cancer which later turned out to be just

cancer which later turned out to be just a benign

a benign ulcer Stevens was never informed that he

ulcer Stevens was never informed that he didn't have cancer but was instead given

didn't have cancer but was instead given a dose of plutonium

a dose of plutonium 238 doctors reportedly knew that the

238 doctors reportedly knew that the dose was potentially carcinogenic but

dose was potentially carcinogenic but still administered it which ultimately

still administered it which ultimately led to Steven's death also from heart

led to Steven's death also from heart failure just like Janet schot Ela

failure just like Janet schot Ela Charlton Coden name hp3 was also ad

Charlton Coden name hp3 was also ad ministered to Strong Memorial Hospital

ministered to Strong Memorial Hospital in Rochester in

in Rochester in 1945 3 weeks later she received a

1945 3 weeks later she received a plutonium injection of 4.9 microgram

plutonium injection of 4.9 microgram Charlton was discharged in December but

Charlton was discharged in December but she was regularly hospitalized after

she was regularly hospitalized after that until her death almost 40 Years

that until her death almost 40 Years Later by cardiac arres as well but

Later by cardiac arres as well but perhaps the most questionable and

perhaps the most questionable and horrendous case of all of that was of

horrendous case of all of that was of Simeon Shaw a 4-year-old suffering from

Simeon Shaw a 4-year-old suffering from terminal bone cancer he was flown from

terminal bone cancer he was flown from Australia believing that he would be

Australia believing that he would be receiving the best available treatments

receiving the best available treatments for his condition what he received

for his condition what he received instead was a death sentence in the form

instead was a death sentence in the form of a plutonium injection at California's

of a plutonium injection at California's UCSF Hospital in

UCSF Hospital in 1946 what is most shocking about Shaw's

1946 what is most shocking about Shaw's case is that he was immediately flown to

case is that he was immediately flown to Australia afterwards with no followup on

Australia afterwards with no followup on his case and no radioactive data

his case and no radioactive data Ed he died 8 months

Ed he died 8 months later the remaining human test subjects

later the remaining human test subjects all share similar stories where they

all share similar stories where they either died from the toxic effects of

either died from the toxic effects of radiation or were impaired by lifelong

radiation or were impaired by lifelong illnesses what's worse is that human

illnesses what's worse is that human experimentation was justified under the

experimentation was justified under the claim that all patients chosen were

claim that all patients chosen were terminally ill which simply wasn't true

terminally ill which simply wasn't true a lot of those do were misdiagnosed and

a lot of those do were misdiagnosed and repeated errors and procedure research

repeated errors and procedure research and documentation were made calling into

and documentation were made calling into question the efficacy of the experiments

question the efficacy of the experiments themselves

themselves the Manhattan Project leaders claimed

the Manhattan Project leaders claimed that these experiments were necessary to

that these experiments were necessary to advance the science of nuclear physics

advance the science of nuclear physics however as we saw what the cases

however as we saw what the cases mentioned the follow-up research wasn't

mentioned the follow-up research wasn't thorough enough and many of the samples

thorough enough and many of the samples ended up being contaminated or destroyed

ended up being contaminated or destroyed so they basically ruined people's lives

so they basically ruined people's lives for absolutely

for absolutely nothing even after the Manhattan Project

nothing even after the Manhattan Project achieved its intended goal and World War

achieved its intended goal and World War II ended human experimentation continued

II ended human experimentation continued well into the Cold War there's evidence

well into the Cold War there's evidence of several large- scale projects all

of several large- scale projects all throughout the US that failed to inform

throughout the US that failed to inform their subjects of the health hazard of

their subjects of the health hazard of their

their experiments one of the most shocking was

experiments one of the most shocking was intentionally exposing a school for

intentionally exposing a school for disabled and special needs children in

disabled and special needs children in Massachusetts to Radioactive iron and

Massachusetts to Radioactive iron and calcium in a government sponsored study

calcium in a government sponsored study between 1953 and 1957 uranium injection

between 1953 and 1957 uranium injection experiments were also conducted on

experiments were also conducted on another 11 patients at Massachusetts

another 11 patients at Massachusetts General Hospital scientists concluded

General Hospital scientists concluded that uranium localized in the kidneys at

that uranium localized in the kidneys at a much higher rate than previous thought

a much higher rate than previous thought sadly despite the experiments results

sadly despite the experiments results and the human lives lost the

and the human lives lost the occupational standards for Uranium

occupational standards for Uranium didn't change making these human

didn't change making these human sacrifices unjustified and

sacrifices unjustified and unnecessary in the early 1990s the

unnecessary in the early 1990s the Albuquerque Tribune exposed the nature

Albuquerque Tribune exposed the nature of the experiments and the identities of

of the experiments and the identities of the test subjects all of them had

the test subjects all of them had already died not knowing that they were

already died not knowing that they were dosed by the doctors that they trusted

dosed by the doctors that they trusted to cure them J Robert Oppenheimer the

to cure them J Robert Oppenheimer the Los Alamos laboratory director in the

Los Alamos laboratory director in the science scientists aply dubbed the

science scientists aply dubbed the father of the atomic bomb reportedly

father of the atomic bomb reportedly knew the nature of these experiments but

knew the nature of these experiments but expressed that he didn't want them

expressed that he didn't want them conducted in his

conducted in his laboratory there is even evidence that

laboratory there is even evidence that he personally approved plutonium and

he personally approved plutonium and uranium shipments to be used for human

uranium shipments to be used for human experimentation the secrecy that

experimentation the secrecy that revolved around the project makes it

revolved around the project makes it difficult to trace the chain of command

difficult to trace the chain of command but there is enough evidence to show

but there is enough evidence to show that all the health and medical

that all the health and medical directors of the Manhattan program Were

directors of the Manhattan program Were Somehow invested in this research they

Somehow invested in this research they knew what was underway with many even

knew what was underway with many even cheering it on the families of the

cheering it on the families of the victims were eventually compensated by

victims were eventually compensated by the government and a total of 4.8

the government and a total of 4.8 million was paid in Damages a little

million was paid in Damages a little more than $9 million

more than $9 million today the US government also adopted new

today the US government also adopted new laws in 1997 preventing secret

laws in 1997 preventing secret scientific testing on humans Janet

scientific testing on humans Janet schott's nephew said that the money

schott's nephew said that the money didn't help his family get over the

didn't help his family get over the issue his aunt left Belarus to avoid

issue his aunt left Belarus to avoid persecution and came to America only to

persecution and came to America only to be injected with a radioactive element

be injected with a radioactive element that would ruin the rest of her life and

that would ruin the rest of her life and lead her to her

lead her to her grave today the Manhattan Project is

grave today the Manhattan Project is routed by us officials for the crucial

routed by us officials for the crucial role it played in ending the second

role it played in ending the second world war but the controversy that

world war but the controversy that surrounds it is still prevalent the

surrounds it is still prevalent the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs leveled two

Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs leveled two cities in a matter of seconds wiping out

cities in a matter of seconds wiping out entire populations and the testing that

entire populations and the testing that led up to those events resulted in early

led up to those events resulted in early death or lifelong pain for over a dozen

death or lifelong pain for over a dozen unsuspecting

unsuspecting civilians as with all Wars the innocent

civilians as with all Wars the innocent ended up paying the heftiest price

ended up paying the heftiest price many also argue that the success in

many also argue that the success in developing the first atomic bombs led to

developing the first atomic bombs led to the age of the Cold War and the race

the age of the Cold War and the race towards the development of nuclear

towards the development of nuclear weapons that are now a threat to

weapons that are now a threat to humanity after sending Roosevelt his

humanity after sending Roosevelt his urgent letter Einstein later came to

urgent letter Einstein later came to regret his decisions had I known that

regret his decisions had I known that the Germans would not succeed in

the Germans would not succeed in developing an atomic bomb I would have

developing an atomic bomb I would have done nothing he famously said when

done nothing he famously said when testing the gadget right outside Los

testing the gadget right outside Los Alamos Oppenheimer quoted Hindu

Alamos Oppenheimer quoted Hindu scripture foreseeing the immediate

scripture foreseeing the immediate threat of nuclear weapons across the

threat of nuclear weapons across the planet now I am become death the

planet now I am become death the destroyer of

destroyer of worlds one week later the first atomic

worlds one week later the first atomic bombs were dropped and the world as we

bombs were dropped and the world as we know it changed

know it changed forever it was the pseudo pieace that

forever it was the pseudo pieace that existed following the second world war

existed following the second world war worth the human sacrifice

have you ever donated money to a charity or taking your clothes to the Goodwill

or taking your clothes to the Goodwill store how did it make you

store how did it make you feel amazing right most of us at some

feel amazing right most of us at some point in our lives have either donated

point in our lives have either donated or will donate money clothes food

or will donate money clothes food shelter and our time to others and we do

shelter and our time to others and we do these things not because there's an

these things not because there's an immediate reward for it more often than

immediate reward for it more often than not we feel best when we get give to

not we feel best when we get give to people who cannot reciprocate or at

people who cannot reciprocate or at least not in the same

least not in the same capacity this altruistic feeling that

capacity this altruistic feeling that makes us give to one another even when

makes us give to one another even when there's nothing to receive was described

there's nothing to receive was described by ancient Greeks as philanthropia the

by ancient Greeks as philanthropia the love of humanity coined around 2,500

love of humanity coined around 2,500 years ago this term was first used in

years ago this term was first used in the myth of Prometheus in the story The

the myth of Prometheus in the story The Titan God Prometheus saved Humanity from

Titan God Prometheus saved Humanity from Zeus's destruction and earned the title

Zeus's destruction and earned the title of philanthropist tropos or Humanity

of philanthropist tropos or Humanity loving character although that's the

loving character although that's the term we now mostly use to describe this

term we now mostly use to describe this phenomenon the love for Humanity isn't

phenomenon the love for Humanity isn't an exclusively Greek

an exclusively Greek concept the idea of benevolence towards

concept the idea of benevolence towards one another has its roots deeply planted

one another has its roots deeply planted in ancient civilizations throughout the

in ancient civilizations throughout the world from the Middle East to Egypt to

world from the Middle East to Egypt to the city of Rome it was also propagated

the city of Rome it was also propagated by Babylonian communities as early as

by Babylonian communities as early as the third millennium and is at the core

the third millennium and is at the core of all abrahamic religions and many

of all abrahamic religions and many others across the world in Egyptian

others across the world in Egyptian sacred writings such as the Book of the

sacred writings such as the Book of the Dead it was made clear to the people of

Dead it was made clear to the people of the ancient world world that a

the ancient world world that a successful passage into the Afterlife

successful passage into the Afterlife depended on a lifetime record of

depended on a lifetime record of benevolent acts towards people who were

benevolent acts towards people who were suffering while many of us today do not

suffering while many of us today do not follow any of these ancient teachings or

follow any of these ancient teachings or believe in an afterlife anymore the

believe in an afterlife anymore the messages they taught have stayed with us

messages they taught have stayed with us through

Millennia so when capitalism and accumulation of wealth began rising in

accumulation of wealth began rising in the West in the 1700s it wasn't

the West in the 1700s it wasn't surprising to start seeing Rich

surprising to start seeing Rich philanthropists pop up whose lives

philanthropists pop up whose lives became characterized by the voluntary

became characterized by the voluntary act of giving a large sum of their

act of giving a large sum of their wealth to promote the common good this

wealth to promote the common good this type of lavish giving the one we most

type of lavish giving the one we most associate with philanthropy today was

associate with philanthropy today was rather popularized by Rich Bankers such

rather popularized by Rich Bankers such as George Peabody who is now considered

as George Peabody who is now considered the father of modern philanthropy peot

the father of modern philanthropy peot was an American Merchant Banker who came

was an American Merchant Banker who came from poverty after amassing his fortune

from poverty after amassing his fortune in the early 19th century he never

in the early 19th century he never forgot his humble beginnings and

forgot his humble beginnings and dedicated the later years of his life to

dedicated the later years of his life to charitable work it's believed that he

charitable work it's believed that he gave away around 8 million of his 16

gave away around 8 million of his 16 million Fortune to Charities his

million Fortune to Charities his incredible benevolence paved the way for

incredible benevolence paved the way for later generations of Rich

later generations of Rich philanthropists sadly what we have today

philanthropists sadly what we have today isn't what pebody envisioned when he

isn't what pebody envisioned when he gave away half of his net worth what

gave away half of his net worth what started with the notion of lending a

started with the notion of lending a helping hand charitable work is no

helping hand charitable work is no longer at the core of philanthropy in

longer at the core of philanthropy in today's world tax evasion and personal

today's world tax evasion and personal gains have tainted the hands of the

gains have tainted the hands of the world's wealthiest givers and have

world's wealthiest givers and have caused a huge wealth Gap that only seems

caused a huge wealth Gap that only seems to be growing creating an ever expanding

to be growing creating an ever expanding Rift between the social classes how did

Rift between the social classes how did we turn that amazing feeling you get

we turn that amazing feeling you get giving money away to charity into a

giving money away to charity into a corrupt scheme for billionaires and

corrupt scheme for billionaires and large

large corporations to understand this we have

corporations to understand this we have to go back to the end of the 19th

to go back to the end of the 19th century Andrew Carnegie an American

century Andrew Carnegie an American industrialist paved the trail for

industrialist paved the trail for philanthropic work to be used as a tax

philanthropic work to be used as a tax evasion strategy Carnegie opposed

evasion strategy Carnegie opposed federal income taxes and argued that he

federal income taxes and argued that he was better off allocating those funds to

was better off allocating those funds to Charities rather than the

Charities rather than the government at that time philanthropy by

government at that time philanthropy by the ultr rich funded Social Services the

the ultr rich funded Social Services the government couldn't afford as a result

government couldn't afford as a result Senators worried that taxing the wealthy

Senators worried that taxing the wealthy on these charitable amounts would reduce

on these charitable amounts would reduce their contributions and increase the

their contributions and increase the burden on the government a logic that

burden on the government a logic that still prevails to this day the

still prevails to this day the government's solution to this problem

government's solution to this problem was a tax exemption on income for money

was a tax exemption on income for money donated to charity this legislative move

donated to charity this legislative move allowed for New Wealth Management

allowed for New Wealth Management strategies pioneered by Carnegie who

strategies pioneered by Carnegie who founded a charitable trust that took

founded a charitable trust that took advantage of the tax

advantage of the tax exemptions before long wealthy

exemptions before long wealthy industrialists and bankers started

industrialists and bankers started following incarn footsteps protecting

following incarn footsteps protecting their fortunes from substantial taxes

their fortunes from substantial taxes under the cover of charitable trusts in

under the cover of charitable trusts in 2014 Nicholas Woodman the founder and

2014 Nicholas Woodman the founder and CEO of GoPro took his company public and

CEO of GoPro took his company public and was suddenly worth 3 billion to

was suddenly worth 3 billion to celebrate his newly acquired Fortune

celebrate his newly acquired Fortune Woodman announced that he would be

Woodman announced that he would be donating a whopping 500 million worth of

donating a whopping 500 million worth of GoPro stock to a foundation bearing his

GoPro stock to a foundation bearing his name the truth is not as generous as

name the truth is not as generous as Woodman would want you to believe you

Woodman would want you to believe you see the GoPro CEO took advantage of a

see the GoPro CEO took advantage of a loophole that would allow him to donate

loophole that would allow him to donate his money

his money without actually donating it this is

without actually donating it this is done through something called a Donor

done through something called a Donor advised fund Donor advised funds are

advised fund Donor advised funds are essentially charitable investment

essentially charitable investment accounts in which owners can claim tax

accounts in which owners can claim tax deductions up front without legally

deductions up front without legally being required to distribute the money

being required to distribute the money to Charities right away as long as the

to Charities right away as long as the money is transferred into these funds

money is transferred into these funds under the roofs of charitable work

under the roofs of charitable work owners can avoid paying higher taxes

owners can avoid paying higher taxes without donating any of it to Charities

without donating any of it to Charities or

or foundations the point of these funds was

foundations the point of these funds was originally to encourage more resources

originally to encourage more resources to get to communities where they're most

to get to communities where they're most needed

needed sadly the way the laws are structured

sadly the way the laws are structured allows tax deductions without any

allows tax deductions without any requirement for that money to ever reach

requirement for that money to ever reach those intended communities it's no

those intended communities it's no surprise then since 2007 the number of

surprise then since 2007 the number of daffs in the US has tripled and while

daffs in the US has tripled and while the amount of money donated every year

the amount of money donated every year keeps increasing the actual amount going

keeps increasing the actual amount going to communities barely is from the 466

to communities barely is from the 466 billion in the United States in 2020

billion in the United States in 2020 only around 35 billion made its way to

only around 35 billion made its way to qualified Charities a huge sum of money

qualified Charities a huge sum of money yes but not nearly as much as the rich

yes but not nearly as much as the rich would want you to believe that they give

would want you to believe that they give away the reality is that these

away the reality is that these billionaires are entitled to spend their

billionaires are entitled to spend their money however they wish we can argue the

money however they wish we can argue the ethics of becoming a billionaire another

ethics of becoming a billionaire another day but let's say they got there on

day but let's say they got there on their own Merit they aren't required to

their own Merit they aren't required to give

give anything the main problem isn't that

anything the main problem isn't that they don't give but that they claim to

they don't give but that they claim to give more than they actually do it's the

give more than they actually do it's the need to be seen as a hero without doing

need to be seen as a hero without doing anything heroic last year Elon Musk

anything heroic last year Elon Musk announced that he would be donating 5.7

announced that he would be donating 5.7 billion worth ofest Tesla shares to an

billion worth ofest Tesla shares to an undisclosed charity however to this day

undisclosed charity however to this day no single charity has reported receiving

no single charity has reported receiving the funds from musk donation with many

the funds from musk donation with many experts hypothesizing that he suddenly

experts hypothesizing that he suddenly dumped the cash in a daff financially

dumped the cash in a daff financially speaking off loating 5.7 billion worth

speaking off loating 5.7 billion worth of Tesla stock allowed him to claim a

of Tesla stock allowed him to claim a tax deduction of 30% on his income

tax deduction of 30% on his income that's about 570 million saved on taxes

that's about 570 million saved on taxes so it seems that the only beneficiary

so it seems that the only beneficiary from musk's charity is musk himself

from musk's charity is musk himself first on the tax deductions and second

first on the tax deductions and second on the public praise he received because

on the public praise he received because he theoretically donated so much money

he theoretically donated so much money just months before that Elon tweeted

just months before that Elon tweeted that he would donate 6 billion to end

that he would donate 6 billion to end world hunger if the UN could show him a

world hunger if the UN could show him a plan on how they would spend the money

plan on how they would spend the money the UN responded by saying that 6

the UN responded by saying that 6 billion won't solve world hunger but

billion won't solve world hunger but could potentially save 42 million people

could potentially save 42 million people on the brink of

on the brink of starvation from pulled income funds to

starvation from pulled income funds to private foundations to daffs

private foundations to daffs philanthropy today is magnifying the

philanthropy today is magnifying the issue of income inequality and adding to

issue of income inequality and adding to the already substantial Gap in wealth

the already substantial Gap in wealth but that's not even all the word

but that's not even all the word philanthropy does not only mean giving

philanthropy does not only mean giving to Charities anymore now it is also used

to Charities anymore now it is also used to describe giving to groups that

to describe giving to groups that promote social or Civic causes and these

promote social or Civic causes and these groups can keep their donors completely

groups can keep their donors completely Anonymous which basically gives

Anonymous which basically gives billionaires the power to weaponize

billionaires the power to weaponize their philanthropy for political gain in

their philanthropy for political gain in her book dark money Jane Mayer documents

her book dark money Jane Mayer documents how the Uber Rich have used their

how the Uber Rich have used their charitable foundations to invest in

charitable foundations to invest in ideology like venture capitalists

ideology like venture capitalists leveraging their fortunes for maximum

leveraging their fortunes for maximum strategic impact mayor argues that these

strategic impact mayor argues that these foundations only support causes that

foundations only support causes that benefit their financers by campaigning

benefit their financers by campaigning against regulations and sewing

against regulations and sewing misinformation in the heart of the

misinformation in the heart of the masses the oldland foundation for

masses the oldland foundation for example LED numerous

example LED numerous anti-environmentalism campaigns the

anti-environmentalism campaigns the Bradley Foundation funded by $1.6

Bradley Foundation funded by $1.6 billion waged aggressive campaigns

billion waged aggressive campaigns against teachers unions and traditional

against teachers unions and traditional Public Schools since the donations to

Public Schools since the donations to these foundations are tax deductible

these foundations are tax deductible don't donors aren't accountable for the

don't donors aren't accountable for the public use of their money which only

public use of their money which only adds to their power and

adds to their power and influence and because these donations

influence and because these donations can be completely Anonymous it also rids

can be completely Anonymous it also rids the billionaires of any iota of

the billionaires of any iota of responsibility for their actions the sad

responsibility for their actions the sad reality of our society is that this

reality of our society is that this isn't something new rich people have

isn't something new rich people have always depended on favorable political

always depended on favorable political conditions to build and preserve their

conditions to build and preserve their wealth Mega philanthropists know that

wealth Mega philanthropists know that their money can influence governments

their money can influence governments far more than they'd ever be able to

far more than they'd ever be able to even if they were to run for office

even if they were to run for office themselves the this is why when Bill

themselves the this is why when Bill Gates was asked whether he'd run for

Gates was asked whether he'd run for president he said I could have as much

president he said I could have as much impact in my role as a philanthropist as

impact in my role as a philanthropist as I could in any political role I don't

I could in any political role I don't have to raise political campaigns I

have to raise political campaigns I don't have to try to get elected I'm not

don't have to try to get elected I'm not term limited to 8 years to be fair Bill

term limited to 8 years to be fair Bill Gates and his foundation have dedicated

Gates and his foundation have dedicated immense amounts of money to battle

immense amounts of money to battle Health crises such as malaria and the

Health crises such as malaria and the reduction of child morality While most

reduction of child morality While most of his work remains true to the original

of his work remains true to the original definition of the word the love of

definition of the word the love of humanity there are still some shady

humanity there are still some shady things he's done in the

things he's done in the past a few years ago Gates was able to

past a few years ago Gates was able to heavily influence the passing of a bill

heavily influence the passing of a bill for Charter Schools despite voters

for Charter Schools despite voters voting against it three different times

voting against it three different times after millions of dollars spent on

after millions of dollars spent on campaigns that influenced the community

campaigns that influenced the community into changing their decision the bill

into changing their decision the bill passed the fourth time almost

passed the fourth time almost immediately Gates began subsidizing

immediately Gates began subsidizing Charter Schools until the Supreme Court

Charter Schools until the Supreme Court declared it

declared it unconstitutional but would that bill

unconstitutional but would that bill stop

stop Gates no he simply used his influence

Gates no he simply used his influence with lawmaker to fund a new bill to

with lawmaker to fund a new bill to allow him to circumvent the Supreme

allow him to circumvent the Supreme Court's decision so he could keep

Court's decision so he could keep funding these Charter

funding these Charter Schools this is a great example of how

Schools this is a great example of how wealth can influence public

policy plutocracy or placing the power of society in the hands of the wealthy

of society in the hands of the wealthy can undermine our laws and leave us

can undermine our laws and leave us vulnerable to the whims of the rich

vulnerable to the whims of the rich whether they have good intentions or not

whether they have good intentions or not the lives of the populace should not be

the lives of the populace should not be in the hands of a few no matter how

in the hands of a few no matter how wealthy they are we should all have a

wealthy they are we should all have a say in matters concerning our lives

say in matters concerning our lives regardless of our socioeconomic impact

regardless of our socioeconomic impact the giving pledge which was launched by

the giving pledge which was launched by Gates and Warren Buffett in 2010 has

Gates and Warren Buffett in 2010 has more than 200 ultrarich signatories who

more than 200 ultrarich signatories who have pledged to donate at least half of

have pledged to donate at least half of their wealth towards the betterment of

their wealth towards the betterment of humankind this is an excellent

humankind this is an excellent achievement and one that must be praised

achievement and one that must be praised giving such large amounts of money can

giving such large amounts of money can never be easy and so the effort must be

never be easy and so the effort must be acknowledged at the same time we must

acknowledged at the same time we must also look on the other side of the coin

also look on the other side of the coin and the power that these billionaires

and the power that these billionaires ever so greedily hoarded in the

ever so greedily hoarded in the process and his book Winner Takes all a

process and his book Winner Takes all a nadas argues that rich people who have

nadas argues that rich people who have lobed for an economy of Injustice have

lobed for an economy of Injustice have at the same time marketed themselves as

at the same time marketed themselves as Our Saviors and the solution to all of

Our Saviors and the solution to all of our problems however in doing so they

our problems however in doing so they subtly hide the fact that they cause

subtly hide the fact that they cause most of these problems themselves CEO of

most of these problems themselves CEO of Wayne Enterprises by day hero of Gotham

Wayne Enterprises by day hero of Gotham by Night the Sinister truth is this as

by Night the Sinister truth is this as long as there so few people with so much

long as there so few people with so much money and power the rest of us will have

money and power the rest of us will have no say we need to go back to the

no say we need to go back to the original meaning of philanthropy where

original meaning of philanthropy where the love of humanity was the only

the love of humanity was the only driving force not money power or

driving force not money power or control we need to close the loopholes

control we need to close the loopholes in the system that give people an

in the system that give people an advantage by donating money without

advantage by donating money without having to donate anything at

having to donate anything at all until then we'll have to settle for

all until then we'll have to settle for the supposed Heroes with agendas to come

the supposed Heroes with agendas to come and save us from the very problems they

and save us from the very problems they brought upon us

brought upon us [Music]

what began as a regular training session on the afternoon of the 5th of December

on the afternoon of the 5th of December 1945 would soon become one of the

1945 would soon become one of the greatest Mysteries of the human world

greatest Mysteries of the human world Flight 19 a group of five US Navy

Flight 19 a group of five US Navy Torpedo bombers set out from their base

Torpedo bombers set out from their base off the coast of Florida on a routine

off the coast of Florida on a routine training Mission with clear winter guys

training Mission with clear winter guys up above and all the necessary

up above and all the necessary precautions taken from down below Flight

precautions taken from down below Flight 19 and its 14 crew members took to the

19 and its 14 crew members took to the air to fly across one of the most

air to fly across one of the most treacherous bodies of water known to man

treacherous bodies of water known to man the Bermuda

the Bermuda Triangle within a few hours all five

Triangle within a few hours all five Planes together with their 14 crew

Planes together with their 14 crew members

members vanished a few hours later when

vanished a few hours later when afternoon became evening and the skies

afternoon became evening and the skies became gray the US Navy realized that

became gray the US Navy realized that something must have gone wrong with

something must have gone wrong with flight night 19 and so they sent out

flight night 19 and so they sent out another aircraft to find the men or at

another aircraft to find the men or at the very least signs of their crashed

the very least signs of their crashed planes sadly the very same fate was to

planes sadly the very same fate was to befall the rescue aircraft upon entering

befall the rescue aircraft upon entering into the airspace above the Bermuda

into the airspace above the Bermuda Triangle the rescue plane with 13 men

Triangle the rescue plane with 13 men aboard disappeared Into Thin Air it's

aboard disappeared Into Thin Air it's been over 75 years since the incident

been over 75 years since the incident and no one has been able to find the

and no one has been able to find the remains of any of the 27 crew members

remains of any of the 27 crew members that were lost or the aircraft that

that were lost or the aircraft that disappeared at the tail end of the first

disappeared at the tail end of the first world war in March 1918 the USS Cyclops

world war in March 1918 the USS Cyclops was on its way back from a voyage to

was on its way back from a voyage to Brazil the USS Cyclops was the biggest

Brazil the USS Cyclops was the biggest US Navy ship at the time it was nearly

US Navy ship at the time it was nearly 550 ft in length and on this trip it was

550 ft in length and on this trip it was carrying around 11,000 tons of Manganese

carrying around 11,000 tons of Manganese and a crew of 306

and a crew of 306 people the ship had been voyaging for 8

people the ship had been voyaging for 8 years at the time without any issues

years at the time without any issues however ever on that fateful day as the

however ever on that fateful day as the ship was sailing back to Barbados to

ship was sailing back to Barbados to resupply before going home to Baltimore

resupply before going home to Baltimore it entered into the Bermuda Triangle in

it entered into the Bermuda Triangle in what is now one of the most strangest

what is now one of the most strangest occurrences of modern history the USS

occurrences of modern history the USS Cyclops disappeared completely leaving

Cyclops disappeared completely leaving behind no trace of its wreckage or the

behind no trace of its wreckage or the bodies of any of the 306 crew members

bodies of any of the 306 crew members that were on

that were on board this was after the ship sent a

board this was after the ship sent a message to the Naval Base that read

message to the Naval Base that read weather Fair all well there was no

weather Fair all well there was no mention of anything out of the ordinary

mention of anything out of the ordinary no time for the crew members to send out

no time for the crew members to send out an SOS message

an SOS message nothing just like that the entire ship

nothing just like that the entire ship the 11,000 tons of manganes and all the

the 11,000 tons of manganes and all the crew members completely

crew members completely vanished numerous ships were sent out to

vanished numerous ships were sent out to locate Cyclops but all returned Negative

locate Cyclops but all returned Negative they couldn't even find the remains of

they couldn't even find the remains of the ship or any of the officers on board

the ship or any of the officers on board it's been more than a century since the

it's been more than a century since the USS Cyclops went missing and to date

USS Cyclops went missing and to date its remains are still missing the cause

its remains are still missing the cause of The Disappearance is still a mystery

of The Disappearance is still a mystery how does the biggest ship in the US

how does the biggest ship in the US Navy's Arsenal just disappear without

Navy's Arsenal just disappear without any trace a ship that was 550 ft long

any trace a ship that was 550 ft long and carried 11,000 tons of manganes and

and carried 11,000 tons of manganes and a crew of 306 people how do 306 men die

a crew of 306 people how do 306 men die without anyone leaving behind an SOS

without anyone leaving behind an SOS message how do 306 bodies disappear into

message how do 306 bodies disappear into the sea never to be seen again no Trace

the sea never to be seen again no Trace of blood no bones

of blood no bones nothing how can a 100 years pass and

nothing how can a 100 years pass and nothing has resurfaced nothing has

nothing has resurfaced nothing has washed ashore nothing has been

washed ashore nothing has been discovered this is the mystery of the

discovered this is the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle Humanity's most

Bermuda Triangle Humanity's most treacherous sea or is it the Bermuda

treacherous sea or is it the Bermuda Triangle is a section of the Atlantic

Triangle is a section of the Atlantic ocean that is bordered by Miami Bermuda

ocean that is bordered by Miami Bermuda and Puerto

and Puerto Rico this patch of sea is considered by

Rico this patch of sea is considered by many to be a mysterious place where many

many to be a mysterious place where many ships Plains and people disappear

ships Plains and people disappear without any trace and in reality many

without any trace and in reality many have tens of planes dozens of ships and

have tens of planes dozens of ships and hundreds of people have all mysteriously

hundreds of people have all mysteriously disappeared never to be seen

disappeared never to be seen again but what exactly is going on in

again but what exactly is going on in the Bermuda Triangle is it really

the Bermuda Triangle is it really something mysterious or is there a

something mysterious or is there a scientific explanation for everything

scientific explanation for everything that happens there to find out we have

that happens there to find out we have to go back to the earliest record of

to go back to the earliest record of strange sightings in the area

strange sightings in the area the first record we have of any

the first record we have of any seemingly Supernatural thing happening

seemingly Supernatural thing happening in the Remuda triangle is from

in the Remuda triangle is from Christopher

Christopher Columbus while sailing through this

Columbus while sailing through this patch of the Atlantic Ocean in

patch of the Atlantic Ocean in 1492 Columbus wrote in his log that his

1492 Columbus wrote in his log that his Compass began malfunctioning and that

Compass began malfunctioning and that what he saw in the distance light like a

what he saw in the distance light like a fireball rising and crashing into the

fireball rising and crashing into the sea although there have been lots of

sea although there have been lots of explanations that help demystify what

explanations that help demystify what Columbus might have been seeing most

Columbus might have been seeing most people simply choose to believe that

people simply choose to believe that what he saw and experienced must have

what he saw and experienced must have been

been Supernatural and you might think oh how

Supernatural and you might think oh how would you believe him he didn't have

would you believe him he didn't have access to the scientific methods we do

access to the scientific methods we do now and while you might be right to an

now and while you might be right to an extent the truth is that if you look for

extent the truth is that if you look for facts to back up this line of thinking

facts to back up this line of thinking even with all of our knowledge about the

even with all of our knowledge about the world and our advancements and Science

world and our advancements and Science and

and Technology you will find

them from thousands of ghost ships sailing across the sea without any crew

sailing across the sea without any crew members on board to Mr three cases of

members on board to Mr three cases of time traveling while passing through the

time traveling while passing through the Bermuda Triangle this place is one that

Bermuda Triangle this place is one that dances majestically on the line between

dances majestically on the line between what is real and what is

what is real and what is not there are many theories that people

not there are many theories that people have used to try and explain what is

have used to try and explain what is going on in the Bermuda Triangle from

going on in the Bermuda Triangle from Aliens to a wormhole to the lost city of

Aliens to a wormhole to the lost city of Atlanta sucking people from underneath

Atlanta sucking people from underneath everything from evidence-based

everything from evidence-based scientific hypotheses to religion lore

scientific hypotheses to religion lore and mysticism have been

and mysticism have been postulated the most popular scientific

postulated the most popular scientific EXP exp however is the theory that it's

EXP exp however is the theory that it's electromagnetic interference that causes

electromagnetic interference that causes issues with compasses when in and around

issues with compasses when in and around this area the theory claims that the

this area the theory claims that the Remuda triangle has a very high pool of

Remuda triangle has a very high pool of the Earth's natural magnet which could

the Earth's natural magnet which could cause issues with compasses and other

cause issues with compasses and other sophisticated equipment on planes and

sophisticated equipment on planes and ships this could explain what went wrong

ships this could explain what went wrong with Christopher columbus' equipment

with Christopher columbus' equipment while sailing through this area it could

while sailing through this area it could also explain the conversations recorded

also explain the conversations recorded by the pilots of Flight 19 who could not

by the pilots of Flight 19 who could not come to an agreement on which way it was

come to an agreement on which way it was that they were flying minutes before

that they were flying minutes before radio

radio silence but what about the people who

silence but what about the people who claim they time traveled while passing

claim they time traveled while passing through an electromagnetic fog the most

through an electromagnetic fog the most popular of these testimonies is one made

popular of these testimonies is one made by Mr Bruce Gan who has written a book

by Mr Bruce Gan who has written a book detailing his

detailing his account in his book gon said that while

account in his book gon said that while flying in a light aircraft throughout

flying in a light aircraft throughout the region he was faced with a

the region he was faced with a cylindrical shaped cloud that sucked him

cylindrical shaped cloud that sucked him in in an instant he saw himself on Miami

in in an instant he saw himself on Miami Beach around 100 Mil from where he

Beach around 100 Mil from where he started Gan claimed that this 100 m

started Gan claimed that this 100 m Journey took mere seconds and that he

Journey took mere seconds and that he didn't notice any atmospheric or

didn't notice any atmospheric or landscape changes

landscape changes throughout when you hear this story you

throughout when you hear this story you might instantly think he's just cooking

might instantly think he's just cooking up a fairy tale so he can sell some

up a fairy tale so he can sell some books but that skepticism turns into

books but that skepticism turns into plausibility when you realize that the

plausibility when you realize that the people at the base station corroborated

people at the base station corroborated his story according to them the plane

his story according to them the plane went off the radar and reemerged in

went off the radar and reemerged in Miami within seconds just like gon

Miami within seconds just like gon described did he time travel teleport no

described did he time travel teleport no one

one knows scientists have since debunked the

knows scientists have since debunked the existence of a wormhole and have said

existence of a wormhole and have said that there is no way that he could have

that there is no way that he could have traveled through

traveled through time however no one has been able to

time however no one has been able to provide a definite explanation as to

provide a definite explanation as to what exactly happened that day it's for

what exactly happened that day it's for this reason that a lot of people still

this reason that a lot of people still cling on to the idea that there is

cling on to the idea that there is something truly mysterious going on in

something truly mysterious going on in the Bermuda Triangle you see there have

the Bermuda Triangle you see there have been explanations to debunk theories but

been explanations to debunk theories but there hasn't been any conclusive

there hasn't been any conclusive evidence to explain what's really going

evidence to explain what's really going on so people are left thinking well if

on so people are left thinking well if they aren't sure it's that then how can

they aren't sure it's that then how can we be sure it's not this after all the

we be sure it's not this after all the absence of evidence is not the evidence

absence of evidence is not the evidence of

of absence most of the world's oceans are

absence most of the world's oceans are still a mystery to us although the ocean

still a mystery to us although the ocean has been mapped by things like satellite

has been mapped by things like satellite and sonar humans have only physically

and sonar humans have only physically explored around 5% of our

explored around 5% of our Waters the rest is still a mystery to us

Waters the rest is still a mystery to us maybe not a mythical mystery but a

maybe not a mythical mystery but a mystery nonetheless and that's why

mystery nonetheless and that's why people are quick to believe things like

people are quick to believe things like mermaids and Krakens exist the ocean in

mermaids and Krakens exist the ocean in its vast emptiness Echoes things that

its vast emptiness Echoes things that are difficult for the human mind to

are difficult for the human mind to comprehend and as humans once things are

comprehend and as humans once things are difficult for us to understand we come

difficult for us to understand we come up with stories to try and make sense of

up with stories to try and make sense of these things once these stories are

these things once these stories are formed in our minds it's difficult to

formed in our minds it's difficult to get rid of them especially when there's

get rid of them especially when there's no evidence Beyond Reasonable Doubt to

no evidence Beyond Reasonable Doubt to convince you

convince you otherwise the Bermuda Triangle is one of

otherwise the Bermuda Triangle is one of those stories we've told ourselves the

those stories we've told ourselves the there is no evidence that suggests

there is no evidence that suggests shipwrecks and plane crashes occur more

shipwrecks and plane crashes occur more frequently in this body of water than in

frequently in this body of water than in any other well-traveled part of the

any other well-traveled part of the ocean now you might say well it's not

ocean now you might say well it's not just the accidents it's the fact that

just the accidents it's the fact that these vehicles just disappear leaving no

these vehicles just disappear leaving no Trace behind but the truth is even

Trace behind but the truth is even that's not unique to the Bermuda

that's not unique to the Bermuda Triangle there are currently over 3

Triangle there are currently over 3 million shipwrecks in the world and only

million shipwrecks in the world and only 1% of these wrecks have ever been found

1% of these wrecks have ever been found in fact the Rema triangle was not coined

in fact the Rema triangle was not coined by researchers or scientists or even

by researchers or scientists or even seafarers it was coined by the writer

seafarers it was coined by the writer Vincent goddess who first used the

Vincent goddess who first used the phrase in

phrase in 1964 Vincent goddess was a paranormal

1964 Vincent goddess was a paranormal writer who made a career out of ignoring

writer who made a career out of ignoring natural explanations and inventing

natural explanations and inventing Mysteries where none

Mysteries where none exist the US Board of geographic names

exist the US Board of geographic names does not recognize the Bermuda Triangle

does not recognize the Bermuda Triangle as an official name and it doesn't have

as an official name and it doesn't have any official file on that area there

any official file on that area there isn't even a map that helps to point out

isn't even a map that helps to point out the boundaries of this place

the boundaries of this place when I was younger I was obsessed with

when I was younger I was obsessed with the idea of the Bermuda Triangle after

the idea of the Bermuda Triangle after going through the rabbit hole of threads

going through the rabbit hole of threads and YouTube videos at 3:00 a.m. I

and YouTube videos at 3:00 a.m. I decided that one day I would take my

decided that one day I would take my bags and travel out to the Sea Into the

bags and travel out to the Sea Into the Heart of the triangle where no other

Heart of the triangle where no other person is brave enough to go and then I

person is brave enough to go and then I got older and found out that the Bermuda

got older and found out that the Bermuda Triangle is not some sacred place where

Triangle is not some sacred place where no one dares to enter it's actually a

no one dares to enter it's actually a very normal part of the sea that people

very normal part of the sea that people travel through every day dozens of ships

travel through every day dozens of ships and airplanes pass through the Bermuda

and airplanes pass through the Bermuda Triangle every day vessels heading to

Triangle every day vessels heading to America Europe and the Caribbean P this

America Europe and the Caribbean P this route often enough and most of them go

route often enough and most of them go through

through unscathed yet because of the small

unscathed yet because of the small percentage of accidents that occur in

percentage of accidents that occur in this region which is no more than

this region which is no more than anywhere else in the ocean we believe

anywhere else in the ocean we believe that there must be something bigger

that there must be something bigger going on something we're just not aware

going on something we're just not aware of the reason many people still believe

of the reason many people still believe in the lower of the Bermuda Triangle and

in the lower of the Bermuda Triangle and in other mythical Tales is one of the

in other mythical Tales is one of the most fundamental human conditions the

most fundamental human conditions the need to feel like a part of something

need to feel like a part of something bigger something greater something more

bigger something greater something more than human deep down in all of us

than human deep down in all of us there's a feeling that the world is more

there's a feeling that the world is more than what we can see and experience it's

than what we can see and experience it's the same feeling that makes people

the same feeling that makes people believe in the existence of alien life

believe in the existence of alien life and religious deities even when there's

and religious deities even when there's no physical evidence to support that

no physical evidence to support that belief and really can you blame us when

belief and really can you blame us when you're blessed with the ability to think

you're blessed with the ability to think logically about why things are the way

logically about why things are the way they are you are also cursed with the

they are you are also cursed with the disability of trying to make sense of

disability of trying to make sense of everything

everything and not accepting that

and not accepting that sometimes we just don't

know these are the words of one Albert Einstein his love for music is well

Einstein his love for music is well documented there are many pictures of

documented there are many pictures of him indulging himself in the tunes of

him indulging himself in the tunes of his violin seemingly oblivious to the

his violin seemingly oblivious to the rest of the world as anyone who has ever

rest of the world as anyone who has ever loved music would know our musical

loved music would know our musical tastes have a lot to do with what we

tastes have a lot to do with what we think and who we are of course on first

think and who we are of course on first read Einstein's account sounds nothing

read Einstein's account sounds nothing more than a metaphor for

more than a metaphor for visualization but could it be more could

visualization but could it be more could someone possibly see music could there

someone possibly see music could there be anything more to the conscious

be anything more to the conscious experience in 1812 a physician by the

experience in 1812 a physician by the name of George Tobias Ludwig ZX was

name of George Tobias Ludwig ZX was writing about the nature of albinism

writing about the nature of albinism having the condition himself color was a

having the condition himself color was a recurring Topic in his analysis of

recurring Topic in his analysis of albanism and as such in discussing his

albanism and as such in discussing his own experience he mentioned that colored

own experience he mentioned that colored idea appeared to him they were intimate

idea appeared to him they were intimate and recurring and couldn't be reckoned

and recurring and couldn't be reckoned with usual sight according to sax sax is

with usual sight according to sax sax is now regarded as the first medically

now regarded as the first medically documented case of synesthesia a

documented case of synesthesia a neurological condition in which a

neurological condition in which a sensation in one of the senses evokes a

sensation in one of the senses evokes a sensation in another the term quite

sensation in another the term quite literally means a cross mingling of the

literally means a cross mingling of the senses exactly opposite to the more

senses exactly opposite to the more familiar word anesthesia which means no

familiar word anesthesia which means no sensation this cross mingling could

sensation this cross mingling could theoretically happen between any two or

theoretically happen between any two or even more senses it's no wonder then

even more senses it's no wonder then that there are more than 80 types of

that there are more than 80 types of synesthesia known till now sax himself

synesthesia known till now sax himself seemingly had multiple forms of

seemingly had multiple forms of synesthesia reporting that numbers days

synesthesia reporting that numbers days of the week time periods letters notes

of the week time periods letters notes of music all of these elements adopt

of music all of these elements adopt those colors these introduced themselves

those colors these introduced themselves to the mind as if a series of visible

to the mind as if a series of visible objects in dark space formless and

objects in dark space formless and noticeably of different colors this is

noticeably of different colors this is most likely a case of ordinal linguistic

most likely a case of ordinal linguistic personification where as the name

personification where as the name suggests ordered sequences tend to have

suggests ordered sequences tend to have personalities and colors to each element

personalities and colors to each element of the sequence this type of synesthesia

of the sequence this type of synesthesia tends to co-occur with graphine color

tends to co-occur with graphine color synesthesia the most common form of

synesthesia the most common form of synesthesia where numbers are associated

synesthesia where numbers are associated with colors there are many other types

with colors there are many other types of synesthesia such as lexical gustatory

of synesthesia such as lexical gustatory synesthesia where hearing certain words

synesthesia where hearing certain words causes certain taste or audio tactile

causes certain taste or audio tactile synesthesia where hearing certain sounds

synesthesia where hearing certain sounds can lead to a sensation of touch in

can lead to a sensation of touch in parts of the body oddly enough there's

parts of the body oddly enough there's even a type of synesthesia where

even a type of synesthesia where swimmers thinking watching or performing

swimmers thinking watching or performing a certain swimming stroke perceive a

a certain swimming stroke perceive a color that they consistently associate

color that they consistently associate with that swimming stroke there have

with that swimming stroke there have also been surgeons with what's called

also been surgeons with what's called Mirror touch synesthesia where they're

Mirror touch synesthesia where they're able to feel the pain of the patients

able to feel the pain of the patients they're observing while CPR was being

they're observing while CPR was being administered I have died many times says

administered I have died many times says Dr Joel selinus a neurologist who

Dr Joel selinus a neurologist who possesses this condition however the

possesses this condition however the most all inspiring case of synesthesia

most all inspiring case of synesthesia probably took place when a man was able

probably took place when a man was able to visualize colors when he saw numbers

to visualize colors when he saw numbers the only catch is he was colorblind and

the only catch is he was colorblind and the colors he was visualizing had never

the colors he was visualizing had never been

been seen but how credible are these accounts

seen but how credible are these accounts considering sack's colorful landscape

considering sack's colorful landscape was also attributed by some to

was also attributed by some to congenital eye defects common in people

congenital eye defects common in people with albanism couldn't all these just be

with albanism couldn't all these just be hallucinations or simply psychedelic

hallucinations or simply psychedelic experiences under the influence of a

experiences under the influence of a drug or some other sign of an

drug or some other sign of an overreaction the science is very clear

overreaction the science is very clear on that front while synesthesia like

on that front while synesthesia like experiences have been created with the

experiences have been created with the help of psychedelic drugs synesthesia is

help of psychedelic drugs synesthesia is a consistently reproduced condition

a consistently reproduced condition meaning those that have it will recall

meaning those that have it will recall the same exact colors the same exact

the same exact colors the same exact tastes the same exact Sensations with

tastes the same exact Sensations with nearly 90% plus accuracy even when

nearly 90% plus accuracy even when they're tested years apart and without

they're tested years apart and without warning this pattern of consistent

warning this pattern of consistent experiences has so far been the most

experiences has so far been the most reliable way to test whether someone has

reliable way to test whether someone has synesthesia or not mind you consistency

synesthesia or not mind you consistency here does not mean that the same letter

here does not mean that the same letter will always be correlated with the same

will always be correlated with the same color for all cetes people who have

color for all cetes people who have synesthesia individual to individual

synesthesia individual to individual these correlations may vary even if they

these correlations may vary even if they may have the same type of

may have the same type of synesthesia but for the same individual

synesthesia but for the same individual the correlation stays remarkably precise

the correlation stays remarkably precise so precise in fact that they can tell

so precise in fact that they can tell apart shades of color that are only

apart shades of color that are only slightly different so if the letter a is

slightly different so if the letter a is an orange-ish red for you it may not be

an orange-ish red for you it may not be the same for another cese but it will

the same for another cese but it will always be orangish red for you this

always be orangish red for you this quality is also why the musical cetes

quality is also why the musical cetes tend to have perfect pitch because they

tend to have perfect pitch because they can superimpose the sound with a very

can superimpose the sound with a very intricate visual map and confirm what is

intricate visual map and confirm what is what cetes also score higher on memory

what cetes also score higher on memory tests especially with numbers and names

tests especially with numbers and names because they're most remembered as

because they're most remembered as multi-property objects each with unique

multi-property objects each with unique associations perhaps the most compelling

associations perhaps the most compelling evidence that cesia is not an occasional

evidence that cesia is not an occasional random Hallucination is the fact that

random Hallucination is the fact that the brains of cetes are physically

the brains of cetes are physically different from those that are not cetes

different from those that are not cetes display consistently higher connectivity

display consistently higher connectivity in their brains than non-ses especially

in their brains than non-ses especially in between Visual and auditory regions

in between Visual and auditory regions the visual regions were also better

the visual regions were also better connected to the frontop parietal region

connected to the frontop parietal region a region crucial for color association

a region crucial for color association with numbers or letters the amount of

with numbers or letters the amount of connectedness also reflected the

connectedness also reflected the strength of the synesthetic experience

strength of the synesthetic experience the stronger the connections the

the stronger the connections the stronger the synesthetic

stronger the synesthetic experience research has also revealed

experience research has also revealed that synesthetes generally have more

that synesthetes generally have more white matter

white matter this intrinsic increased network

this intrinsic increased network connectivity LED scientists to agree

connectivity LED scientists to agree that there is a genetic component to

that there is a genetic component to synesthesia and sure enough about 40% of

synesthesia and sure enough about 40% of all cetes have a first-degree relative

all cetes have a first-degree relative with synesthesia and many cetes recall

with synesthesia and many cetes recall having synesthesia as long as they can

having synesthesia as long as they can remember an interesting way to test

remember an interesting way to test whether you might have a graphine color

whether you might have a graphine color synesthesia which is number to color

synesthesia which is number to color synesthesia is to look at this picture

synesthesia is to look at this picture try to identify the twos as quickly as

try to identify the twos as quickly as you can people who have synesthesia IA

you can people who have synesthesia IA react quicker on a test like this

react quicker on a test like this because the twos and fives are naturally

because the twos and fives are naturally seen in different colors to them like

seen in different colors to them like this which makes it much easier to

this which makes it much easier to identify they are able to see the twos

identify they are able to see the twos in different colors without necessarily

in different colors without necessarily having to hunt for them like nonen AES

having to hunt for them like nonen AES so they're not staring at a number and

so they're not staring at a number and then thinking of the associated color

then thinking of the associated color it's an automatic response one cetes

it's an automatic response one cetes cannot turn off and that can be a

cannot turn off and that can be a problem right even with the five senses

problem right even with the five senses most of us are able to use sometimes we

most of us are able to use sometimes we feel over overwhelmed by the world

feel over overwhelmed by the world around us so to be over stimulated all

around us so to be over stimulated all the time with a barrage of sensory

the time with a barrage of sensory inputs would be pretty

inputs would be pretty uncomfortable or so you would think CES

uncomfortable or so you would think CES by and large consider their abilities as

by and large consider their abilities as gifts rather than curses most cetes are

gifts rather than curses most cetes are completely unaware that others don't see

completely unaware that others don't see the world the way they do for some sound

the world the way they do for some sound has always had color color has always

has always had color color has always had taste and taste has always had sound

had taste and taste has always had sound it sounds strange but you'd be surprised

it sounds strange but you'd be surprised how many of your favorite artists are

how many of your favorite artists are Sines from musicians like Lord and Fel

Sines from musicians like Lord and Fel Williams to novelists like Vladimir

Williams to novelists like Vladimir Nabokov from theoretical physicists like

Nabokov from theoretical physicists like Richard Fineman to painters like Vincent

Richard Fineman to painters like Vincent Van go all are said to have had sinesia

Van go all are said to have had sinesia their conditions are as versatile as

their conditions are as versatile as their crafts common amongst all however

their crafts common amongst all however is the fact that their contributions

is the fact that their contributions have all been incredible Feats of

have all been incredible Feats of creativity this convergence of

creativity this convergence of creativity and sinesia is no coincidence

creativity and sinesia is no coincidence in fact synesthesia is up to S times

in fact synesthesia is up to S times more common in artists and people

more common in artists and people involved in Creative professions it's no

involved in Creative professions it's no surprise then that CES perform better on

surprise then that CES perform better on tests of creativity and originality than

tests of creativity and originality than the average person but of course as with

the average person but of course as with any condition it's not all sunshine and

any condition it's not all sunshine and rainbows some kids who have the

rainbows some kids who have the condition display poorer reading

condition display poorer reading comprehension than their peers and often

comprehension than their peers and often have a hard time following lectures

have a hard time following lectures Solomon sharvi was a Russian journalist

Solomon sharvi was a Russian journalist who was also diagnosed with a condition

who was also diagnosed with a condition he could recall unusually long lists of

he could recall unusually long lists of information without error but said that

information without error but said that the automatic and nearly permanent

the automatic and nearly permanent retention of every detail due to

retention of every detail due to synesthesia made it very hard for him to

synesthesia made it very hard for him to grasp abstract Concepts or make sense of

grasp abstract Concepts or make sense of what he was reading still synesthesia is

what he was reading still synesthesia is generally considered a positive and most

generally considered a positive and most people that have it do not think of it

people that have it do not think of it as a disorder it's staggering how the

as a disorder it's staggering how the same world you and I experience can

same world you and I experience can actually be so different compared to so

actually be so different compared to so many different people I had no idea that

many different people I had no idea that such a condition existed before I was

such a condition existed before I was introduced to this tool just a few days

introduced to this tool just a few days ago it allowed me to see what my name

ago it allowed me to see what my name looks like to a caste in her video

looks like to a caste in her video violinist composer and caste Caitlyn

violinist composer and caste Caitlyn Hova recalls finding out in college that

Hova recalls finding out in college that not everyone saw music as she did the

not everyone saw music as she did the prevalence of CES within the general

prevalence of CES within the general population is remarkably High contrary

population is remarkably High contrary to what it may seem as many as one in 20

to what it may seem as many as one in 20 people can have some form of synesthesia

people can have some form of synesthesia and you probably know a lot of them you

and you probably know a lot of them you just don't know that you know them but

just don't know that you know them but now you know that you don't know that

now you know that you don't know that you know them you get the point in what

you know them you get the point in what follows Caitlyn goes on to play an

follows Caitlyn goes on to play an incredible piece on her violin to

incredible piece on her violin to Showcase what she sees when she plays it

Showcase what she sees when she plays it which really makes me wonder how

which really makes me wonder how relatively colorless our realities are

relatively colorless our realities are in comparison or are they you see we all

in comparison or are they you see we all visualize things we may not see colors

visualize things we may not see colors for every note on an instrument or have

for every note on an instrument or have perfect pitch but we do visualize it

perfect pitch but we do visualize it happens all the time when we're trying

happens all the time when we're trying to process large amounts of data or

to process large amounts of data or trying our hand at more artistic

trying our hand at more artistic Ventures we're trying to see something

Ventures we're trying to see something totally abstract one of the more

totally abstract one of the more interesting studies regarding

interesting studies regarding synesthesia is the bubak Kiki effect

synesthesia is the bubak Kiki effect take a look at this image which one of

take a look at this image which one of the shapes looks like it's called BBA

the shapes looks like it's called BBA and which one is called Kiki an

and which one is called Kiki an overwhelming majority of the initial

overwhelming majority of the initial participants chose the image on the

participants chose the image on the right as BBA and the left as Kiki even

right as BBA and the left as Kiki even across

across languages even children as young as 2

languages even children as young as 2 and 1/2 years old have demonstrated this

and 1/2 years old have demonstrated this effect while these findings are not seen

effect while these findings are not seen in every Community the consensus

in every Community the consensus suggests that the bubak Kiki effect is a

suggests that the bubak Kiki effect is a cuu pre-existing anesthesia like

cuu pre-existing anesthesia like associations present in all of us it

associations present in all of us it would reinforce the idea that the neural

would reinforce the idea that the neural hyperconnectivity that is responsible

hyperconnectivity that is responsible for synesthesia is seen in pretty much

for synesthesia is seen in pretty much all babies most of us simply lose those

all babies most of us simply lose those connections as we grow older and that's

connections as we grow older and that's the beauty and tragedy of

the beauty and tragedy of synesthesia all at once that we all have

synesthesia all at once that we all have it but most of us lose

it but most of us lose it Caitlyn ends her video by asking what

it Caitlyn ends her video by asking what could have happened if we were all more

could have happened if we were all more conscious of others experiences and how

conscious of others experiences and how different our s might be from one

different our s might be from one another how we solve a math problem how

another how we solve a math problem how we make sense of complex Concepts how we

we make sense of complex Concepts how we enjoy music sharing these things can

enjoy music sharing these things can make learning so much more fun what does

make learning so much more fun what does it mean to know you have the correct

it mean to know you have the correct answer she asks what is that feeling is

answer she asks what is that feeling is that feeling a

that feeling a color as a student of the Sciences I

color as a student of the Sciences I find myself wondering time and time

find myself wondering time and time again how scientists realize some of

again how scientists realize some of their most mind-bending unintuitive

their most mind-bending unintuitive truths about the universe how are they

truths about the universe how are they so confident in their findings aside

so confident in their findings aside from the degrees and credentials what

from the degrees and credentials what does it truly mean to know something

does it truly mean to know something what is that feeling of Harmony that

what is that feeling of Harmony that creative connection and why does it

creative connection and why does it soothe our hearts whether we can

soothe our hearts whether we can describe these things or not you and I

describe these things or not you and I have felt them maybe in a painting or in

have felt them maybe in a painting or in a ballad or in a book but we've all felt

a ballad or in a book but we've all felt them answering these questions could

them answering these questions could help uncover the colors in our mundane

help uncover the colors in our mundane but elegant reality and allow us all to

but elegant reality and allow us all to experience a richer Consciousness all

experience a richer Consciousness all while using an ability that deep down we

while using an ability that deep down we all

all possess this video was sponsored by the

possess this video was sponsored by the daily upside a free business and finance

daily upside a free business and finance newsletter delivered every single

newsletter delivered every single [Music]

weekday nowadays it seems to be a common theme amongst almost everyone to go out

theme amongst almost everyone to go out and shop our way to happiness you know

and shop our way to happiness you know just to take care of ourselves after all

just to take care of ourselves after all nothing says Mental Health heal like

nothing says Mental Health heal like impulse buying that will dig us deeper

impulse buying that will dig us deeper into debt than we ever thought possible

into debt than we ever thought possible don't you feel that you're above this

don't you feel that you're above this age-old system of enticing customers

age-old system of enticing customers into buying more stuff after all we are

into buying more stuff after all we are in the age of minimalism and all that

in the age of minimalism and all that good stuff right how many times have you

good stuff right how many times have you found yourself annoyed by an ad in the

found yourself annoyed by an ad in the middle of something you were watching

middle of something you were watching and promised to yourself that there was

and promised to yourself that there was no way such an annoying Interruption can

no way such an annoying Interruption can actually convince you to buy something

actually convince you to buy something you don't even want and then you go and

you don't even want and then you go and buy it anyway

buy it anyway well if these things weren't working we

well if these things weren't working we wouldn't see them be used forever so

wouldn't see them be used forever so clearly there is a method to the madness

clearly there is a method to the madness and you might be surprised by just how

and you might be surprised by just how meticulous this method can be sometimes

meticulous this method can be sometimes of course you and I know some of the

of course you and I know some of the basic stuff like placing commonly bought

basic stuff like placing commonly bought items at the end of a store so that

items at the end of a store so that customers have to walk through most of

customers have to walk through most of it and therefore be exposed to other

it and therefore be exposed to other products to get to the ones they really

products to get to the ones they really need that's why they usually put milk in

need that's why they usually put milk in the back of the store it's a common item

the back of the store it's a common item that most people need and so they're

that most people need and so they're going to make you see as many items as

going to make you see as many items as possible before you get to what you need

possible before you get to what you need then there are buy one get one free

then there are buy one get one free offers which clearly boost revenue and

offers which clearly boost revenue and make us buy more stuff in exchange for

make us buy more stuff in exchange for very marginal discounts exposure and

very marginal discounts exposure and billboard ads also do some of the

billboard ads also do some of the marketing heavy lifting but you already

marketing heavy lifting but you already knew that what you didn't know however

knew that what you didn't know however is just how deeply our psyche is being

is just how deeply our psyche is being studied to understand patterns and

studied to understand patterns and predict customers choices while before

predict customers choices while before the customer is aware of them themselves

the customer is aware of them themselves this is

this is neuromarketing well it all starts with

neuromarketing well it all starts with how humans perceive things humans for

how humans perceive things humans for whatever reason perceive relatively and

whatever reason perceive relatively and not absolutely what this means is that

not absolutely what this means is that our perception is based on stimulus that

our perception is based on stimulus that is already present you can see this play

is already present you can see this play out every day for example if someone

out every day for example if someone near you unlocks their phone in a

near you unlocks their phone in a well-lit environment and lights up the

well-lit environment and lights up the screen the change in brightness of your

screen the change in brightness of your surroundings is barely noticeable if you

surroundings is barely noticeable if you do the same thing in say a movie theater

do the same thing in say a movie theater it can sometimes be startlingly bright

it can sometimes be startlingly bright even though the brightness around you

even though the brightness around you change by the same amount in both cases

change by the same amount in both cases your perception of them is vastly

your perception of them is vastly different similarly we also perceive

different similarly we also perceive loudness relatively if you are already

loudness relatively if you are already in a loud environment the addition of

in a loud environment the addition of another sound say a glass breaking may

another sound say a glass breaking may be barely noticeable but in a quiet

be barely noticeable but in a quiet environment even the same sound can feel

environment even the same sound can feel much much louder

much much louder known more formerly as Weber's law this

known more formerly as Weber's law this idea of relative perception has been a

idea of relative perception has been a core principle of astronomy and music

core principle of astronomy and music theory alike since they both have

theory alike since they both have something to do with how we humans

something to do with how we humans perceive things well now it has one more

perceive things well now it has one more application and that has to do with our

application and that has to do with our perception of price firstly this means

perception of price firstly this means that whenever the price of a commodity

that whenever the price of a commodity either goes up or down how customer

either goes up or down how customer feels about that price change depends on

feels about that price change depends on the original price of the commodity

the original price of the commodity companies can use this information to

companies can use this information to marginally keep increasing the price of

marginally keep increasing the price of a product over iterations provided that

a product over iterations provided that they do so in increments that are just

they do so in increments that are just below our perception threshold this

below our perception threshold this applies more generally to markets around

applies more generally to markets around the world where people also perceive the

the world where people also perceive the price of a commodity based on how much

price of a commodity based on how much disposable income they have this is the

disposable income they have this is the reason why some products that do very

reason why some products that do very well in America despite increases in

well in America despite increases in price don't work very well in countries

price don't work very well in countries like China but it goes deeper than

that disposable income and original prices have fairly obvious relevance in

prices have fairly obvious relevance in this topic however our minds can even be

this topic however our minds can even be tricked by seemingly irrelevant numbers

tricked by seemingly irrelevant numbers as well studies were conducted where

as well studies were conducted where participants were asked to gauge how

participants were asked to gauge how much they would pay for a certain

much they would pay for a certain product however before they were allowed

product however before they were allowed to make their minds up they were asked

to make their minds up they were asked to think of the last few digits of their

to think of the last few digits of their social security number it turned out

social security number it turned out that the participants with higher Social

that the participants with higher Social Security numbers were willing to price

Security numbers were willing to price the item higher despite being in no way

the item higher despite being in no way related to the commodity itself

related to the commodity itself this process also known as anchoring

this process also known as anchoring caused the participants to be more

caused the participants to be more generous with their bids in his book

generous with their bids in his book brainfluence author Roger duly

brainfluence author Roger duly hypothesizes that this may be the reason

hypothesizes that this may be the reason why counters now commonly seen in fast

why counters now commonly seen in fast food chains are used Beyond just letting

food chains are used Beyond just letting the customer know when his or her order

the customer know when his or her order is ready these counters almost always

is ready these counters almost always counting large numbers primes them to be

counting large numbers primes them to be okay with paying just that little bit

okay with paying just that little bit more a more common method of anchoring

more a more common method of anchoring is also to state things like normally

is also to state things like normally you'd have to pay such and such for a

you'd have to pay such and such for a product like this but not with

product like this but not with us sometimes the anchoring is even more

us sometimes the anchoring is even more obvious for example do you remember how

obvious for example do you remember how much the iPhone cost when it came out in

much the iPhone cost when it came out in 2007 it was over

2007 it was over $499 and in some places even higher

$499 and in some places even higher that's a tall order especially if you

that's a tall order especially if you consider that it was for a product that

consider that it was for a product that many people were not really familiar

many people were not really familiar with even in today's standards with

with even in today's standards with Hardware that is orders of itude better

Hardware that is orders of itude better some phones including Apple's own

some phones including Apple's own iPhones are cheaper than that so why did

iPhones are cheaper than that so why did marketing genius Apple do such a thing

marketing genius Apple do such a thing they possibly just use the demand curve

they possibly just use the demand curve to the best of their ability first set

to the best of their ability first set the price as high as you can since every

the price as high as you can since every Market has a certain percentage of

Market has a certain percentage of people that can pay even the inflated

people that can pay even the inflated prices assuming they like the product

prices assuming they like the product once you have exhausted that demographic

once you have exhausted that demographic dropped the prices significantly which

dropped the prices significantly which is exactly what Apple did by the time

is exactly what Apple did by the time the iPhone 3G came out some retailers

the iPhone 3G came out some retailers were selling it for as low as

were selling it for as low as [Music]

[Music] $199 by this point there were enough

$199 by this point there were enough people owning iPhones that people

people owning iPhones that people started familiarizing themselves with

started familiarizing themselves with the product and by dropping the price so

the product and by dropping the price so much apple made it seem like they were

much apple made it seem like they were giving the phone away on a massive

giving the phone away on a massive discount the initial $5 to $600 price

discount the initial $5 to $600 price was seemingly just an anchor that made

was seemingly just an anchor that made the eventual price seem like a total

the eventual price seem like a total steal there is one more thing you know

steal there is one more thing you know how Apple always prices things a dollar

how Apple always prices things a dollar less than a big number

less than a big number like 499 instead of just 500 and 999

like 499 instead of just 500 and 999 instead of just

instead of just 1,000 well I used to think that when we

1,000 well I used to think that when we pay $499 for something we feel as though

pay $499 for something we feel as though we were paying 400 and something as

we were paying 400 and something as opposed to just flat out 500 we feel

opposed to just flat out 500 we feel closer to 400 than to 500 however this

closer to 400 than to 500 however this is not entirely true for things that are

is not entirely true for things that are priced at whole numbers our minds like

priced at whole numbers our minds like to think that a fair price would also be

to think that a fair price would also be a whole number increments below it

a whole number increments below it meaning something that has a list price

meaning something that has a list price of $20 probably registers as deserving

of $20 probably registers as deserving $17 or $18 meanwhile if something is

$17 or $18 meanwhile if something is priced at 1995 our brains think a

priced at 1995 our brains think a deserving price would be1 1950 or 1930

deserving price would be1 1950 or 1930 so despite the fact that 1995 is lower

so despite the fact that 1995 is lower than the $20 price tag surprisingly

than the $20 price tag surprisingly enough you would have much happier

enough you would have much happier customers if you were to accept just a

customers if you were to accept just a few less cents a University of Florida

few less cents a University of Florida study tested this idea where

study tested this idea where participants were asked to estimate the

participants were asked to estimate the actual price of things put on auction

actual price of things put on auction the three prices were

the three prices were 4,988 5,000 and

4,988 5,000 and 5,12 realistically speaking they're all

5,12 realistically speaking they're all very close to each other the group that

very close to each other the group that was tasked with estimating the price of

was tasked with estimating the price of the $5,000 thing estimated the lowest

the $5,000 thing estimated the lowest prices of them all even the $52 group at

prices of them all even the $52 group at just $12 or

just $12 or 0.24% more or willing to pay more for

0.24% more or willing to pay more for the same item it's all in your head

the same item it's all in your head truly

truly companies also sometimes Place products

companies also sometimes Place products that they know won't sell well just to

that they know won't sell well just to make other products seem more desirable

make other products seem more desirable again humans like relative improvements

again humans like relative improvements remember that these marketing decoys

remember that these marketing decoys help offers look much better than they

help offers look much better than they actually

are in the book predictably irrational the author Dan areli mentions an

the author Dan areli mentions an experiment where participants were

experiment where participants were offered two offer sets the offers were

offered two offer sets the offers were as follows offer a included a 59 $

as follows offer a included a 59 $ Internet only subscription or a $125

Internet only subscription or a $125 internet in print subscription offer B

internet in print subscription offer B also included a $59 Internet only

also included a $59 Internet only subscription but included both a $125

subscription but included both a $125 print subscription and a $125 internet

print subscription and a $125 internet and print subscription in offer B it

and print subscription in offer B it wouldn't make much sense to just choose

wouldn't make much sense to just choose the print subscription at $125 price

the print subscription at $125 price point when you could also get the

point when you could also get the internet subscription for essentially an

internet subscription for essentially an extra

extra $0 and this was clearly shown in the

$0 and this was clearly shown in the results want to guess which one

results want to guess which one generated the most Revenue the offer B

generated the most Revenue the offer B set generated nearly 45% more Revenue

set generated nearly 45% more Revenue compared to offer a the customers didn't

compared to offer a the customers didn't choose anything they didn't choose

choose anything they didn't choose before namely the option to purchase the

before namely the option to purchase the printon subscription but just its

printon subscription but just its presence made the other two offers look

presence made the other two offers look much more

much more desirable instead of competing with

desirable instead of competing with other companies using decoy products

other companies using decoy products companies can essentially micro compete

companies can essentially micro compete within their own products and generate

within their own products and generate more Revenue it's all a game

more Revenue it's all a game then there are smaller tricks that the

then there are smaller tricks that the companies employ on a regular basis one

companies employ on a regular basis one is to slightly increase the font size of

is to slightly increase the font size of the products you once sold the slight

the products you once sold the slight change is barely perceptible but

change is barely perceptible but subconsciously we register it as

subconsciously we register it as something more worthy of our attention

something more worthy of our attention another is to offer customers better but

another is to offer customers better but not necessarily overwhelming choices

not necessarily overwhelming choices this is where services like Amazon have

this is where services like Amazon have truly cemented their position Amazon has

truly cemented their position Amazon has the resources not only to sell a lot of

the resources not only to sell a lot of products but also to organize them in

products but also to organize them in the right way and only present to the

the right way and only present to the customers what they're most likely to

customers what they're most likely to buy other companies can sometimes

buy other companies can sometimes overwhelm the customer with too many

overwhelm the customer with too many flashy options especially during Black

flashy options especially during Black Friday sales which confuses them and

Friday sales which confuses them and makes the purchase seem that much harder

makes the purchase seem that much harder to make these are still things you and I

to make these are still things you and I can see and put our finger on companies

can see and put our finger on companies go much further than that to make the

go much further than that to make the customer feel safer to spend more old

customer feel safer to spend more old factory Association is one of the ways

factory Association is one of the ways in which this is accomplished old

in which this is accomplished old factory is the sensation of smell

factory is the sensation of smell According to some reports as much as 75%

According to some reports as much as 75% of all our sensation has got to do with

of all our sensation has got to do with smell it's no wonder then that the

smell it's no wonder then that the memories that have an old factory

memories that have an old factory component are held the strongest and are

component are held the strongest and are recalled much easier as well the smell

recalled much easier as well the smell of McDonald's for example is something

of McDonald's for example is something that the company puts as much effort

that the company puts as much effort into as anything you might see on the

into as anything you might see on the menu there is a very good reason for it

menu there is a very good reason for it of course the feeling of familiarity is

of course the feeling of familiarity is crucial to the brand of McDonald's

crucial to the brand of McDonald's especially considering going to

especially considering going to McDonald's is something that that the

McDonald's is something that that the company hopes to become a generational

company hopes to become a generational tradition people go as children and

tradition people go as children and eventually end up taking their own

eventually end up taking their own children to McDonald's that there are

children to McDonald's that there are reports that McDonald's infused the

reports that McDonald's infused the smell with the cleaning liquid IT staff

smell with the cleaning liquid IT staff uses to clean the

store a similar theme follows all major industries we've all heard about the new

industries we've all heard about the new car smell or the new sneaker smell these

car smell or the new sneaker smell these are all essential elements of a

are all essential elements of a company's effort to construct a

company's effort to construct a recognizable image one which we may not

recognizable image one which we may not even see

even see Singapore Airlines regularly voted as

Singapore Airlines regularly voted as one of the best airlines in the world

one of the best airlines in the world also uses this marketing strategy

also uses this marketing strategy they're known to give passengers hot

they're known to give passengers hot towels at the start of every flight but

towels at the start of every flight but even this seemingly innocent gesture is

even this seemingly innocent gesture is working to sew the brand image deeper

working to sew the brand image deeper and deeper into our minds the company

and deeper into our minds the company has its own brand fragrance Stefon

has its own brand fragrance Stefon Floridian Waters and it is infused into

Floridian Waters and it is infused into those hot towels that passengers use

those hot towels that passengers use needless to say the flight attendants

needless to say the flight attendants are wearing it too and so is the cabin

are wearing it too and so is the cabin interior

interior of course it can go both ways Starbucks

of course it can go both ways Starbucks reportedly removed some of the

reportedly removed some of the sandwiches from its menu because they

sandwiches from its menu because they smelled too much like eggs and took away

smelled too much like eggs and took away from the coffee heavy Starbucks smell

from the coffee heavy Starbucks smell customers know and love one may question

customers know and love one may question whether doing these things is even

whether doing these things is even ethical well there are two sides of the

ethical well there are two sides of the coin as with any debate on the one hand

coin as with any debate on the one hand marketers might argue that using these

marketers might argue that using these techniques they are better understanding

techniques they are better understanding what their customers want and giving

what their customers want and giving them a better shopping experience on on

them a better shopping experience on on the other hand this opens us up for

the other hand this opens us up for attention sabotage something which has

attention sabotage something which has been happening rather frequently with

been happening rather frequently with social media platforms already one thing

social media platforms already one thing is for certain though we have far less

is for certain though we have far less control over our purchasing decisions

control over our purchasing decisions than we thought we buy things we don't

than we thought we buy things we don't need to impress people we don't like and

need to impress people we don't like and the things you own end up owning

you the voice came from an oblong metal plaque like a dulled mirror which formed

plaque like a dulled mirror which formed part of the surface of the right hand

part of the surface of the right hand wall the instrument the telescreen it

wall the instrument the telescreen it was called could be dimmed but there was

was called could be dimmed but there was no way of shutting it off completely the

no way of shutting it off completely the telescreen received and transmitted

telescreen received and transmitted simultaneously any sound that Winston

simultaneously any sound that Winston made above the level of a very low

made above the level of a very low whisper would be picked up by it

whisper would be picked up by it moreover so long as he remained within

moreover so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plat

the field of vision which the metal plat commanded he could be seen as well as

commanded he could be seen as well as heard there was of course no way of

heard there was of course no way of knowing whether you were being watched

knowing whether you were being watched at any given

at any given moment this is an excerpt from the fame

moment this is an excerpt from the fame dystopian novel 1984 by George Orwell in

dystopian novel 1984 by George Orwell in this book which is dubbed as one of the

this book which is dubbed as one of the most influential in the past Century

most influential in the past Century Orwell talks about Winston Smith a

Orwell talks about Winston Smith a dutiful servant of the state who starts

dutiful servant of the state who starts having second thoughts about the system

having second thoughts about the system that surrounds him constant surveillance

that surrounds him constant surveillance from the telescreens secret mics

from the telescreens secret mics everywhere posters full of propaganda

everywhere posters full of propaganda and when all those fail fellow citizens

and when all those fail fellow citizens waiting to ratch you out without a

waiting to ratch you out without a moment of

moment of hesitation Winston like everyone else in

hesitation Winston like everyone else in the novel was living in a world where he

the novel was living in a world where he was allowed a private moment and only

was allowed a private moment and only the most superficial meaning of the word

the most superficial meaning of the word what he wasn't allowed to have however

what he wasn't allowed to have however was a private thought as those thoughts

was a private thought as those thoughts establish a more menacing presence in

establish a more menacing presence in his head Winston is flooded with the

his head Winston is flooded with the overwhelming realization that the world

overwhelming realization that the world in which he lives is barely livable

in which he lives is barely livable everything in society was geared to

everything in society was geared to notice even the smallest signs of

notice even the smallest signs of unlawfulness even a thought crime it was

unlawfulness even a thought crime it was a dystopia well and truly published in

a dystopia well and truly published in 1949 one would imagine that this novel

1949 one would imagine that this novel would bear more resemblance to those

would bear more resemblance to those times than ours to the regimes of Stalin

times than ours to the regimes of Stalin or musolini and it certainly does the

or musolini and it certainly does the outright control of the masses the

outright control of the masses the dictor desire to always remain at War

dictor desire to always remain at War the unwavering expectation for

the unwavering expectation for obedience yet the sales of 1984 have

obedience yet the sales of 1984 have skyrocketed in recent times of course

skyrocketed in recent times of course certain countries ban its sale and I'll

certain countries ban its sale and I'll let you guess which ones those are but

let you guess which ones those are but really why why have the sales

really why why have the sales skyrocketed recently has the time Orwell

skyrocketed recently has the time Orwell really spoke of truly

really spoke of truly arrived perhaps the most attention

arrived perhaps the most attention widespread surveillance has gotten in

widespread surveillance has gotten in recent memory are the Snowden leaks of

recent memory are the Snowden leaks of 2013 Edward Snowden an NSA computer

2013 Edward Snowden an NSA computer security consultant had leaked files

security consultant had leaked files showing the NSA large usually

showing the NSA large usually overreached and abused its powers powers

overreached and abused its powers powers that were granted in the aftermath of

that were granted in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks instead of just

the September 11 attacks instead of just asking for Intel on criminal suspects

asking for Intel on criminal suspects investigations revealed that the NSA

investigations revealed that the NSA asked giant tech companies for data on

asked giant tech companies for data on bystanders people for example who called

bystanders people for example who called people who called people who called the

people who called people who called the subject for every Target that the NSA

subject for every Target that the NSA looked into they sweeped up data on 10

looked into they sweeped up data on 10 bystanders a lot of whom were just

bystanders a lot of whom were just citizens of the United States the n was

citizens of the United States the n was also revealed to have collected data

also revealed to have collected data about the telephone records of millions

about the telephone records of millions of American customers from the company

of American customers from the company Verizon Defenders argued that it wasn't

Verizon Defenders argued that it wasn't private information just the type of

private information just the type of information that was found in someone's

information that was found in someone's telephone bill you know how many calls

telephone bill you know how many calls were made when the calls were made this

were made when the calls were made this type of data is often known as metadata

type of data is often known as metadata or data about the data instead of

or data about the data instead of recording the contents of the phone

recording the contents of the phone conversation these records simply Only

conversation these records simply Only Store details about the phone call and

Store details about the phone call and that may seem useless to some

that may seem useless to some but here's the thing if it were useless

but here's the thing if it were useless they wouldn't be expending resources

they wouldn't be expending resources trying to collect it this type of data

trying to collect it this type of data can be used to create a very detailed

can be used to create a very detailed profile of someone just like scrolling

profile of someone just like scrolling down someone's Facebook page there's

down someone's Facebook page there's also the Pegasus program that has caught

also the Pegasus program that has caught the eye of the media lately a

the eye of the media lately a state-of-the-art spyware developed by an

state-of-the-art spyware developed by an Israeli group that can hack into even

Israeli group that can hack into even the latest mobile os's Pegasus infects

the latest mobile os's Pegasus infects targets phones using a number of

targets phones using a number of vulnerabilities instead of attacking

vulnerabilities instead of attacking just one some of pegasus's hacks are

just one some of pegasus's hacks are zero click meaning they require no

zero click meaning they require no interaction from the user it can

interaction from the user it can allegedly render whatsapp's now famous

allegedly render whatsapp's now famous end to-end encryption completely useless

end to-end encryption completely useless the group that built the spyware claims

the group that built the spyware claims it was built to help combat Terror and

it was built to help combat Terror and crime yet the most notable use of the

crime yet the most notable use of the spyware was in 2019 when the Saudi

spyware was in 2019 when the Saudi government used it to hack into the

government used it to hack into the phone of the journalist Jamal kasagi who

phone of the journalist Jamal kasagi who they eventually

they eventually murdered it was also the spyware used to

murdered it was also the spyware used to hack into Jeff bezos's phone in fact it

hack into Jeff bezos's phone in fact it was formerly discovered in 2016 when a

was formerly discovered in 2016 when a sketchy link was sent to a human rights

sketchy link was sent to a human rights activist who instead of opening the link

activist who instead of opening the link sent it to

sent it to investigators upon retrospective

investigators upon retrospective analysis it's thought to have existed

analysis it's thought to have existed since

since 2013 upon the release of the news about

2013 upon the release of the news about widespread and unconstitutional use of

widespread and unconstitutional use of facial recognition technology by

facial recognition technology by different companies across different

different companies across different countries people sometimes try to

countries people sometimes try to confuse the cameras by wearing sweaters

confuse the cameras by wearing sweaters with patterns designed to fool the

with patterns designed to fool the machine learning programs little did

machine learning programs little did they know that facial recognition had

they know that facial recognition had gotten so good they don't even need to

gotten so good they don't even need to see your face this new technology

see your face this new technology thought to have developed in China

thought to have developed in China apparently can identify People based on

apparently can identify People based on the way they walk it takes up to 50

the way they walk it takes up to 50 different parameters that can be used to

different parameters that can be used to distinguish your walk and allow the

distinguish your walk and allow the computers to identify people from as far

computers to identify people from as far as 50 m away you would have guessed it

as 50 m away you would have guessed it by now this technology too is being

by now this technology too is being developed with the promise of preventing

developed with the promise of preventing crime but how it's actually used is

crime but how it's actually used is anyone's guess at this point

anyone's guess at this point these are just some of the many

these are just some of the many surveillance programs that are not just

surveillance programs that are not just being developed but marketed and used

being developed but marketed and used actively around the world at least in

actively around the world at least in 1984 Winston was fully aware of all the

1984 Winston was fully aware of all the programs the state had to offer today we

programs the state had to offer today we don't even know most of it yes Snowden

don't even know most of it yes Snowden brought a revelation of documents in

brought a revelation of documents in terms of the spying programs but that's

terms of the spying programs but that's just one facet of the larger

just one facet of the larger landscape despite the outcry from those

landscape despite the outcry from those damning reports change has been hard to

damning reports change has been hard to come by we constantly see news of

come by we constantly see news of surveillance programs cracking down on

surveillance programs cracking down on the civil liberties of its own citizens

the civil liberties of its own citizens even tech companies forced to Bow their

even tech companies forced to Bow their heads to any and all requests for data

heads to any and all requests for data and some that do so

and some that do so willingly if you don't even know who and

willingly if you don't even know who and what is watching part of your life how

what is watching part of your life how can you even decide what to do about it

can you even decide what to do about it if you look back at the forecast of

if you look back at the forecast of surveillance by George

surveillance by George Orwell well it turns out that he was an

Orwell well it turns out that he was an optimist really it's not really the act

optimist really it's not really the act of being watched that particularly

of being watched that particularly disturbing rather it's the paranoia of

disturbing rather it's the paranoia of feeling like you're being watched when

feeling like you're being watched when you can either prove it to be true nor

you can either prove it to be true nor false if you have nothing to hide you

false if you have nothing to hide you have nothing to fear they say however a

have nothing to fear they say however a government that cares today about

government that cares today about criminals May tomorrow care more about

criminals May tomorrow care more about their political adversaries a government

their political adversaries a government that today cares about political

that today cares about political adversaries May tomorrow care about

adversaries May tomorrow care about academics the list goes on and on that

academics the list goes on and on that being said it's not all doom and gloom

being said it's not all doom and gloom the the thing with the economy as it

the the thing with the economy as it currently stands at least in much of the

currently stands at least in much of the western world is that the act of profit

western world is that the act of profit making can really be used to weaponize

making can really be used to weaponize any interests the good and the bad in

any interests the good and the bad in this instance after the general

this instance after the general realization of what was going on people

realization of what was going on people consciously started choosing products

consciously started choosing products that emphasize

that emphasize privacy now whether those privacy

privacy now whether those privacy privileges are actually able to protect

privileges are actually able to protect us is another question altogether

us is another question altogether privacy has successfully been converted

privacy has successfully been converted from a human right to a desirable

from a human right to a desirable feature as apple is one of the first

feature as apple is one of the first companies to take that mantle in the

companies to take that mantle in the tech industry releasing a slew of

tech industry releasing a slew of privacy features that almost get as much

privacy features that almost get as much stage time as a new processor or camera

stage time as a new processor or camera it's also worth noting that the

it's also worth noting that the situations in which these abusive powers

situations in which these abusive powers are granted in the first place they

are granted in the first place they generally take place after a terrorist

generally take place after a terrorist attack at a time when people are more

attack at a time when people are more likely to be outraged and emotional

likely to be outraged and emotional that's when there is little to no

that's when there is little to no opposition to such requests for power

opposition to such requests for power the enro on our civil liberties

the enro on our civil liberties generally don't take place overnight

generally don't take place overnight they take place in slow

they take place in slow almost indistinguishable

almost indistinguishable strides that is what 1984 is really

strides that is what 1984 is really talking about to give the reader the

talking about to give the reader the ability to extrap into the future when

ability to extrap into the future when seemingly innocent requests for

seemingly innocent requests for information slowly turn into widespread

information slowly turn into widespread surveillance these surveillance programs

surveillance these surveillance programs almost never have oversight or

almost never have oversight or chaperoning unless of course a

chaperoning unless of course a whistleblower decided to leak it all

whistleblower decided to leak it all take Facebook's algorithms for example

take Facebook's algorithms for example innocent requests for data to make the

innocent requests for data to make the platform more profitable in exchange for

platform more profitable in exchange for the option to keep face Facebook free

the option to keep face Facebook free for everyone a lot of the Privileges

for everyone a lot of the Privileges that we have today surrounding our

that we have today surrounding our choice to delete all of our data and to

choice to delete all of our data and to control how it's shared is the result

control how it's shared is the result but sometimes it seems to go a bit far

but sometimes it seems to go a bit far how often do you have a private

how often do you have a private conversation about a topic only to end

conversation about a topic only to end up being recommended Services about that

up being recommended Services about that topic later on and I'm not talking about

topic later on and I'm not talking about your Google searches or your public

your Google searches or your public posts these are private messages of

posts these are private messages of course the irony is in the fact that

course the irony is in the fact that even Facebook's own CEO probably doesn't

even Facebook's own CEO probably doesn't feel very safe about the widespread

feel very safe about the widespread surveillance in our world this is a

surveillance in our world this is a picture of Mark Zuckerberg taken a few

picture of Mark Zuckerberg taken a few years ago which shows him at a desk with

years ago which shows him at a desk with what appears to be his own laptop Mark

what appears to be his own laptop Mark has both the webcam and the mic of his

has both the webcam and the mic of his laptop taped up it's something that has

laptop taped up it's something that has become common practice across users of

become common practice across users of Technology most notable after the

Technology most notable after the release of the Snowden files but if Mark

release of the Snowden files but if Mark Zuckerberg doesn't feel safe in his own

Zuckerberg doesn't feel safe in his own office a person who likely has executive

office a person who likely has executive access to some of the deepest darkest

access to some of the deepest darkest secrets of our world's technology what

secrets of our world's technology what does that say about all of us now you

does that say about all of us now you might say well nobody's forced to use

might say well nobody's forced to use any of these

any of these Services well no not technically but

Services well no not technically but realistically does anyone really have a

realistically does anyone really have a choice the everyday Joe has to join

choice the everyday Joe has to join Facebook because his colleagues are all

Facebook because his colleagues are all on it he has to join Instagram to

on it he has to join Instagram to maintain a functioning social life even

maintain a functioning social life even the people that claim not to use social

the people that claim not to use social media use it for their businesses the

media use it for their businesses the idea is the same and with each addition

idea is the same and with each addition user the shared utility of these

user the shared utility of these platforms Rises and with that rises the

platforms Rises and with that rises the inclination to join and reveal more and

inclination to join and reveal more and more about our private

lives there's also an element of thought or lack thereof in all these platforms

or lack thereof in all these platforms and that was another Hallmark of

and that was another Hallmark of 1984 ridding the masses of almost any

1984 ridding the masses of almost any ability or even desire for critical

ability or even desire for critical thought the things that dominate on

thought the things that dominate on social media are almost exclusively

social media are almost exclusively devoid of any crucial thought all

devoid of any crucial thought all platforms are pushing for the shortest

platforms are pushing for the shortest most clickbaity things they can find to

most clickbaity things they can find to give people that addictive surge of

give people that addictive surge of dopamine and then keep them on a short

dopamine and then keep them on a short leash Instagram is also routinely under

leash Instagram is also routinely under scrutiny for its algorithms a research

scrutiny for its algorithms a research study about his algorithms was stopped W

study about his algorithms was stopped W in its tracks with a threat of legal

in its tracks with a threat of legal action to which the smaller research

action to which the smaller research institution had to ablage it's no wonder

institution had to ablage it's no wonder that the comparison with 1984 really

that the comparison with 1984 really falls apart in today's time today

falls apart in today's time today everyone has a television not because

everyone has a television not because they were forced to have it but because

they were forced to have it but because they go out and buy it themselves and

they go out and buy it themselves and what people want is not to turn it off

what people want is not to turn it off but they keep it on as long as

but they keep it on as long as possible of course we shouldn't get too

possible of course we shouldn't get too ahead of ourselves the fact of the

ahead of ourselves the fact of the matter is you and I can have that

matter is you and I can have that discussion we can at least debate

discussion we can at least debate whether it's right or wrong whether

whether it's right or wrong whether anything is done about it in the end is

anything is done about it in the end is another topic altogether but at least

another topic altogether but at least the conversation can take place that in

the conversation can take place that in itself is is a hopeful sign that our

itself is is a hopeful sign that our world is not quite there yet in truth

world is not quite there yet in truth despite a resemblance that is hard to

despite a resemblance that is hard to overlook or well is not speaking of our

overlook or well is not speaking of our time or any time in specific he is

time or any time in specific he is talking about the innate desire of those

talking about the innate desire of those in power to remain in power and almost

in power to remain in power and almost equally an innate desire to rebel

equally an innate desire to rebel against that it's a tug of war which

against that it's a tug of war which will remain Timeless just like his book

will remain Timeless just like his book as long as we know about it and are able

as long as we know about it and are able to talk about it we have a Fighting

to talk about it we have a Fighting Chance so go ahead go ahead and think

Chance so go ahead go ahead and think that's not a thought

that's not a thought crime yet

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Transcripción de YouTube:Here is Everything We Don't Know (Extended)