Sociology is the scientific study of society, exploring the intricate connections between individuals, groups, and social structures, and how these relationships shape human behavior and societal development.
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Hello friends hello fine today we are going to
start and class 11th sociology and
d book it is introducing society and d
name of chapter sociology and society
this is the first part second part
will be available very soon so in this chapter
you will understand what is the connection
between sociology sociology and society
and how the meaning of show ji
started and what are the things that we are going to
cover in this chapter so
let's start introducing sociology
you must have heard the name of d time political
scientists have also come and in politics also the
meaning was highlighted as political [music] or it was
cited as a subject the word
sociology is derived from d
latin word socias meaning companies and
associate and d greek word people okay
sources means companion or
associate connected like in society everything is
connected to each other the Greek
word los men study and science 10 The
meaning of sociology is the science of society. The science of society
means how society
behaves, reacts, thinks, so the things happen
in society, what is it, the structure of
society is all the things which are
study of human life, group and society.
So, in sociology, we study about people's lives and
how their lives are
connected to society. We
study groups and societies.
Groups can be
religious, cultural, and on another basis can they exist.
Its subject
matter is on behavior. Further,
studying social being becomes more
important because this subject is
related to us. After all, we are all
human society, the social society
which is created by humans,
and how people interact with each other within that society. We
We
study this within it, from large-scale
institutions and micro-cultural to small
groups and individual interactions, and how
people from very large institutions interact with each other. Whether we have to join
or big organizations influence people
or which are the institutions that
affect people's lives,
we also look at that in it. Sociology
studies human society, the
interconnection between societies and individuals and how they
interact with each other.
Generally, in sociology, it is believed
that an individual is
connected to the society and how he
interacts with each other within the society,
with other members of the society, or how he conducts
his activities as a part of the society,
we also
study that in sociology, how a person's
life is completely affected by his
surroundings, positive or negative, somewhere or the other.
sociology is also that how the problems of an individual
and the social problems, which are the
problems of everyone, are connected
and how the relationships between them can be found
out. Okay, personal problems
can be for example,
now if someone is unemployed, then somewhere or the other, those
problems and issues also affect the society.
Okay, so We all study it, to understand how we belong to more than one
society. And in today's
time, a person is connected to many societies at the same
time and these societies are
unequal and every society is different. The characteristics of every society are different, the
norms are also different, the way
of taking things are also different. 10.
Sociology is the systematic study of society,
distinct from philosophical and religious
reflection. Well, today our everyday common
sense observations about society. So,
what is sociology? It is a systematic
study of society, how society
reflects things, how it conducts actions
and how
our daily life is affected through those actions.
Because look, whenever society
takes a decision, it will affect us as a part of society.
society.
10. Sociological Imagination: Right Mill's
rest is the vision of the sociological
imagination. Privilege in the unraveling of the
such a concept which It
tries to understand how an individual and a
society are connected. If we look at it, a society is
also a group of individuals and is
made up of individuals. So, when a society is
made up of individuals, it is obvious that
individuals will be a part of it somewhere,
whether directly or indirectly.
History and biography and the relationship
between the two and within the society.
Sociological imaginations
help us to understand what the
relationship was between the individual and society in history, or what the
relationship was between two societies. How
groups of one society relate to groups of another society. The
most fruitful distinctions with which the
social imagination works are between the personal
trouble of the value and the public issue
of the social structure. So, now
when we are in a problem or we are
facing any problem, then
somewhere or the other, those personal troubles also become public issues.
Sometimes, or even the social structure,
what effect does it have? It happens in the society,
Article 21
of the Indian Constitution
gives freedom to the individual in life under the Right to Freedom, so sometimes
when people
talk about ending it or talk about doing something,
talk about bringing changes in it, then the
structure of the society will also change,
connected to the society,
problems arise within the character of the individual,
now the problem will either be
within the individual within the range of immediate
relationships or they will be with the people
who are his relatives and if the
problem of the person is not with himself and
not with his relatives, then his
problem will be with those people who are part of the society, who are
not connected to him directly,
in a direct way, you have to do with himself
and with
limited areas of social life of which he is
directly and personally aware, so for example, if I am a
teacher, for example,
and I have a problem, then now I have a
problem and I am not focusing on
things, then what will happen to the
people who are connected to me Those who have happened, somewhere or the other,
they too will be affected by this thing. This is the imagination
imagination
that a person is connected to the society somewhere or the other
and the problems of an individual also
affect the society. It has an impact on the society
which in turn affects the life of an individual
and the impact of which is going to be felt in the society
or in the inner life. Many
register or also facts about the
success and failure of individual men and
women. And when we read in history
how the efforts made by individuals or organizations,
men or women, to
bring about sociological change,
sometimes they are successful and sometimes they fail,
they are retold,
like the French Revolution,
people came forward for liberty, the women demanding freedom in the
Vietnam War or all these things, sometimes
things come out in a successful form
and sometimes in failures and somewhere or the other,
both are connected to each other with the society.
I have society, industrialists, when the
industry factory of a society
businessmen, so look at it. When society changes,
society changes. For example, an industrialist
industrialist
was a worker,
what does he become? Or a feudal load is
liquidated and becomes a businessman. So, a laborer
becomes a worker, whom
we call a casual or regular salaried worker.
And a feudal load, who was eating the hard work of others,
now becomes a businessman. That is to say,
when society changes, for example, when
industrialization came, the laborer who was a
laborer till yesterday, who was being exploited, is
now called a worker. And the
feudal load who was enjoying himself without working hard,
earning money through
what results, is now called a businessman.
Understanding both: So, look, the history of a person or
a society or the history of an individual can be
understood only when you
study that society. Only then will you
know what the formation or
establishment or the foundation of society is. So,
society and the individual are interconnected with each other.
Now, look, within every society. There are different norms for
every caste, every religion has its own norms,
and within every society, within every class, there are
qualities that can be of anything.
In the contemporary world, we belong to more than one
society. In today's times, we are
and in another professional
society, what about the doctors'
If we say society, our society,
our society means those people who speak our language,
linguistically or our athletically, have
our values, the values that we have.
like us on the basis of caste or
like us on the basis of tribes, this
diversity makes deciding which society we are talking about
difficult. So now we do
n't understand here or know
which society we are talking about, that is, those
people who are just like us.
For example, Mintu, I Min, speak Hindi, and
someone also speaks Hindi. So, the society of both of us is from
here. It is not something to understand,
I don't even know him, still
Philosophical and religious thinking is
consolidated with the moral and immoral aspect
of human being behaviour, the desirable way of
living about a good society etc.
based on the observation and experience.
See, philosophical and religious
thinking is concerned with the moral and immoral
a person perceives these things
in a positive way, then he develops moral values
and if he is
ingesting them in a different way, then those are immoral
values and his behaviour of a person is
also justified by the observation and experience around him.
As a person observes things,
his behaviour towards the society is the same.
Similarly, there are some model values,
some norms, that is why every society is
different. If all the values are according to the society,
then there is a different thing to fear. There will be a lot of problematic situations in different societies.
It is about modeling an unhealthy society and
differentiating it from unhealthy societies.
And see what is the difference between a good society and a bad society, the
norms, values, and
actions, how one society
deals with things in comparison to another society.
If a society has good norms,
good actions, everything else is good, then
we will call that society a good society,
and if a society has the
opposite of all these, then it will be considered a bad society
or a bad society because at that time it is critical for
individuals to enjoy fundamental rights
and freedom. Sociology also studies human society
and aspects of human behavior. So, in
sociology, you
study how humans are connected to society and
why human behavior is like this, but it is not about unhealthy
unhealthy
values, but generally,
sociology does not mean that you should
study the norms in society, its
rules, and Read the regulations and that's it,
Asha Shalji, we have studied it, but the
meaning of sociology is to explain to you how,
somewhere or the other, our
actions, everything of ours are connected to the society
and how things interact within the society.
Such a discipline is concerned with the way,
norms and values function, actual
societies are based on observation and findings
collected and answered as a subject. If you
study sociology, then basically
you try to understand what are those
norms and values which
justify the functions of the society and what are those
observations, what are those aspects on which society
establishes its different norms and values
in comparison to others and how it makes itself different from
other societies.
or those which try to understand the society by going deeper is
an important
linking And note and many times when sociologists go to
study the society then
they definitely try to cover those aspects and those things
which are somehow
connected to them and pay
special attention to those things which they do not like
or which they do not like, that is they do
not find it right but the society is
accepting it. There are
many things which an individual does
not find right but the society accepts them
and implements them in its
daily rules and regulations as a
scientific procedure and see whatever you think,
think,
if you think in a scientific way then only
you will be able to understand the better structure of the society.
sociologists arrive at should be through
observations of certain rules
of evidence, then you check and repeat and develop
develop
and whatever conclusions sociologists have reached
after studying the society, they apply those conclusions
or those We
can still take actions and those facts to explore things further
because look, even though the structure of society
changes from time to time, there are some
things that
remain constant in society for a very long time and
society resists
bringing any kind of change in them. Surgical knowledge and common sense knowledge are
naturally sticky or
individual explanation. A person
observes things according to his own understanding.
It is required from a particular point of view, the
point of view of the social group and the
social environment from which we are socialized.
And how does our common sense
develop in the society we are associated with, the
kind of people
around us who are socializing us?
This knowledge is from our own
experience of society and
how do you develop this common sense thing
from your own experience, the things that you
observe about the things around you,
naturalistic. Explanations for behavior are
based on the assumption that people can
identify natural reasons for behavior.
Naturalistic explanations are given
that a person finds reasons for their behavior.
They are responsible for themselves and
know why they are acting.
For example, if I am in a scolding relationship, I know that I must know
why I am acting. One reason could be this. The
second reason could be that society has
taught me to do this. So,
Most powerful actions are based on
naturalistic explanations of human
behavior and might lead to the consequences that follow.
Generally, whatever we do
comes from within us, and
we justify it ourselves and start doing it ourselves. The consequences of this sometimes become
so bad that
society also starts having problems. And we, the
individual who has done that action,
also have a problem. Common sense is not
reflective and does not question its
origin and common sense is not visible anywhere
nor does it have any physical structure. So
what is up to this timetable? Sociology on the other hand
breaks away from common sense, observation
and history. Sociology
is different from common sense because it talks about society,
individual's conscience does
not matter there. It works on meaningful
explanation and unspected connection of our
action with our behavior. And what does it
talk about? It shows
how we are responsible for our actions and how
we have done those actions and how those actions are
interconnected with the society. We study all these things in
social science.
Sociological thinking is based on the same thing. I hold on to
particular behavior and social issues.
Logical thinking is based on
thinking about those things, why am I thinking like this,
my second look at something.
For what this will be, now particular
behavior and today's social issues, this
systematic and questioning approach of
sociology drives from a broader
tradition of scientific investigation. And
how this thing has been done, that is, it has been conceptualized through scientific
scientific
investigation, what will happen by doing these actions,
when does a person do such actions, that is why the
subject of psychology has
also been developed along with this
and in doing this within the social science discipline,
tell me the three stages, first of all, the
list locks are exploited
in the society, then in the second stage, those who are there, they
seize power from the workers,
then in the third stage, the peasants who have taken
power, they
fight among themselves, in this way, the society is depicted somewhere or the other
in which stage, because within the society, first
this stage will come, then this will happen, then this will happen.
Efforts were there for you to classify
different types of Societies on the basis of
these have formed different types of societies
based on their formation.
Types of societies include pre-modern societies, hunter
and gatherer societies, hunter and gatherer societies,
phosphorus-loving animals,
aggredian societies, non-industrial
civilizations. All these societies can be classified as
industrial societies
and modern
industrial societies are completely different.
In them, the existence of the individual is less
and the existence of materialistic things is more.
more.
Darwin's history: Darwin is also a great man.
You must have heard about Charles Darwin. He has
written many books. He compared
societies with living organisms
and efforts to trace their growth through
stages. Comparable to doses of organic life.
Darwin says that society exists
in many stages and when we
compare things, we get to know what the
formation and structure of society is.
is. [Music]
[Music]
System of parts with given function,
influence, study of family, school,
etc. So what happens when we
study society in a systematic way and
study it step by step? If we
study it in parts, then the
structure of society, family, schools, etc.
changes it, like for example, earlier there was the
concept of family, then the
forces us to understand what is that thing
which forces us to know the empirical reality
of the society,
what is actually there in the society and what
is created by the society and how things change.
In the 19th century, when you know the
French Revolution or other things that were happening in Europe, the
things of justice, liberty, fraternity, it was
a kind of enlgment so that there was change in the society
and at that time there was so much change, there was
so much development in things that
it started being said that
why don't we
talk about scientific facts or values in the human life, the society with which a person is connected,
so that we can make the society better, the
sociology would contribute to the welfare
of humanity. Auguste Comte believed that
sociology can help
humanity. In promoting
and building a better society, because
sociology is a tool through which
you can understand the workers of society, the
structure of society, how much flexibility and rigidity there is within society.
So, this is
part of the material issue in the making
of sociology. The system of capital is the
driving force behind the growth of
industrial manufacturing. Capitalism was
a concept that led to
rapid industrialization because
capitalists always wanted to reduce their costs by
investing more.
What would happen? Their production would increase
and costs would decrease. But remember, capitalism
capitalism
Productive life, goods, services,
and labor become commodities. These were determined by
rational calculation. So, what is the market? It is an
instrument of productive life.
Goods and services
What does it mean to say labor?
Who determines the values of an individual within society or even an individual's exit point?
How is his rational calculation?
Through rational calculation, we
measure the individual's standing within the society.
The change industrialism brought about was
for reaching and changing the structure of pre-
industrial society. Today,
due to industrialization, the entire society has changed. It was
not like the industrialization before now.
What was the earlier industrialization generally? It was
based on import substitution policy,
but today's situation is such that There should be a support
promotion policy and maximum
urban centers have expanded, gradually cities are
growing and becoming bigger and
new types of social interactions are also coming up.
Look today at how people in society
interact with each other,
interaction can happen on any basis, here social interaction has happened
through media, in any way and
within every interaction,
within every interaction, the point of view or
things have also changed from the earlier society
because times are gradually changing.
What used to be considered in factories earlier,
you see the structure of factories is also changing,
labor laws are also made for the people working in factories to reduce or
other things, why is all this happening because
society somewhere or the other adapts itself to the times,
changes its notes, has
changed its patterns.
Indicator of the emergency of modern
society was the
new significance of clock time, today a
basis of first social organization. And what was
new for some people was the
invention of time, the identification of time, how much time is there in a day
or clock time, through this also the society
comes in an organized way because
see, when we know what we have to do at what time
in the day, then what happens is that it
comes in an organized structure, similarly
society, like your land, look at which day is the
holiday for each day, in the calendar, which
day is to be celebrated in the festival, it may be
may be
decided for the coming year,
what happens due to this, the social structure
you know those who gave this have
said that through capitalism, the capitalists
capitalists
before the advent of industrialism and machines, the
work routine was fixed that one would work for so many hours,
then take so much rest, then work again,
but today see, the
structure has completely changed, day and night, work is just going on, the
structure of things has
completely changed inside the factory and today, due to machines,
due to industrialism, work has also become easier,
factory production employed de
synchronization. Of labor, punctuality
of the week in addition to the clock injected a
new urgency to work. So, look, this
permission of the clock makes things easier
or a worker knows how many hours he has to work. For
example, we know that we have to
go to school at 7:30 in the morning and
we get off at 1:30 or 2:00, so
we know that our time is fixed, from
this time to this time we have to work in the day.
What has happened because of this, has it not become easier?
Organizing things and making them happen.
So, we will study the relevance of the study
and the beginning and growth of sociology,
how sociology grew in Europe, in
Part II.
This is our wish for a great future in life.
And share this video with your friends
so that we can also grow.
And look, students, if any point has
hurt your feelings, then I
apologize for that. I have
no intention of hurting any feelings. I have
written something that was written. I
tried to explain, but still no feelings were aroused. If so,
I apologize to you, rest of you
stay healthy and do well in life, make this country
better, make the society better, this is
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